1021:, so the "age" of a whisky is only the time between distillation and bottling. This reflects how much the cask has interacted with the whisky, changing its chemical makeup and taste. Whiskies that have been bottled for many years may have a rarity value, but are not "older" and not necessarily "better" than a more recent whisky that matured in wood for a similar time. After a decade or two, additional aging in a barrel does not necessarily improve a whisky, and excessive aging will even affect it negatively. The minimum aging period required for whisky varies by country. In the United States, the minimum aging requirement is typically 2 years, while in Scotland, Ireland, and Canada, it is generally 3 years.
936:, which can influence the flavor profile of the whisky, either enhancing or suppressing desirable characteristics. The fermenting vats are maintained within a controlled temperature range, typically between 10°C and 37.8°C, which is optimal for yeast activity. Distillers ensure consistency by using the same yeast strain to achieve uniformity in the final whiskey product. Fermentation continues for two days or longer until the alcohol content of the liquid reaches between 5% and 10%. Once fermentation is complete, and the yeast ceases to be active, the resulting liquid is referred to as
675:
1775:
three. However, it has seen a great resurgence in popularity since the late twentieth century, and has been the fastest growing spirit in the world every year since 1990. With exports growing by over 15% per annum in recent years, existing distilleries have been expanded and a number of new distilleries constructed. As of mid 2019, Ireland now has 25 operating distilleries, with 24 more either planned or under development. However, many of these have not been operating long enough to have products sufficiently aged for sale, and only one was operating prior to 1975.
785:
5126:
1712:'s 2013 annual report, "there is no compulsory definition of whisky in India, and the Indian voluntary standard does not require whisky to be distilled from cereals or to be matured." Molasses-based blends made up 90 percent of the spirits consumed as "whisky" in India, although whisky wholly distilled from malt and other grains is also produced. By 2004 shortages of wheat had been overcome and India was one of the largest producers.
598:
5137:
1173:
47:
1839:
1822:
1284:
5252:
2312:
1489:
1154:
1729:
5114:
2200:
1364:. Only water may be added to the final product; the addition of colouring or flavouring is prohibited. These whiskeys must be aged in new charred-oak containers, except for corn whiskey, which does not have to be aged. If it is aged, it must be in uncharred oak barrels or in used barrels. Corn whiskey is usually unaged and sold as a legal version of
404:. There are two schools of thought on the issue. One is that the spelling difference is simply a matter of regional language convention for the spelling of a word, indicating that the spelling varies depending on the intended audience or the background or personal preferences of the writer (like the difference between
1847:
specific criteria. Any age statement on the bottle, in the form of a number, must reflect the age of the youngest Scotch whisky used to produce that product. A whisky with an age statement is known as guaranteed age whisky. Scotch whisky without an age statement may, by law, be as young as three years old.
662:. Given the distances and primitive transportation network of colonial America, farmers often found it easier and more profitable to convert corn to whisky and transport it to market in that form. It also was a highly coveted trade good, and when an additional excise tax was levied against it in 1791, the
439:
is used in all other whisky-producing countries. In the US, the usage has not always been consistent. From the late eighteenth century to the mid-twentieth century, American writers used both spellings interchangeably until the introduction of newspaper style guides. Since the 1960s, American writers
1234:
is made from a mixture of different types of whisky. A blend may contain whisky from many distilleries so that the blender can produce a flavour consistent with the brand. The brand name may, therefore, omit the name of a distillery. Most Scotch, Irish and
Canadian whisky is sold as part of a blend,
1213:, it contains whisky from many casks, and different years, so the blender can achieve a taste recognisable as typical of the distillery. In most cases, single malts bear the name of the distillery, with an age statement and perhaps some indication of some special treatments, such as maturation in a
954:
The decision to transfer either the entire wash or only the most liquid portion into the still is at the discretion of the distiller, and each choice affects the flavor profile of the final product in distinct ways. Following the transfer of the wash, the still is heated to a temperature sufficient
1973:
Although distillation of whisky in Wales began in Middle Ages there were no commercially operated distilleries during the 20th century. The rise of the temperance movement saw the decline of the commercial production of liquor during the 19th century and in 1894 Welsh whisky production ceased. The
1774:
Irish whiskey was once the most popular spirit in the world, though a long period of decline from the late 19th century to the late 20th century greatly damaged the industry, so much so that, although
Ireland boasted over 30 distilleries in the 1890s, a century later this number had fallen to just
1719:
By 2022 India produced many whiskies both for the local marketâthe most lucrative market for whisky in the worldâand export. Indian single malts comprised 15% of the local market in 2017, increasing to 33% in 2022. In the three years to 2022 sales of Indian malts increased by an annual average of
4205:"Congratulations to IWA member @DiageoIreland and Head Distiller Lorna Hemy on the commencement of distilling at Roe & Co Distillery. This marks the 25th Irish whiskey distillery to enter operations, with a further 24 in planning or development! #growth #Irishwhiskeypic.twitter.com/fznOkeTUoi"
892:, a large vat containing hot water, and is agitated for approximately thirty minutes or more. The water is then drained from the mashtun, which is subsequently refilled with hot water. This procedure is typically repeated between one and three times. Once complete, the resulting liquid, known as
846:
Malt production begins with the soaking of grains in water tanks for a period of three days. The soaked grains are then transferred to large containers where germination occurs, initiating the metabolic process that converts starches into sugars. This process is subsequently halted by drying the
1789:
Japan produces both single malt and blended whiskies. The base is a mash of malted barley, dried in kilns fired with a little peat (although less than what is used for some peated Scotch whiskies), and is distilled using the pot still method. Production began in the 1920s. Before 2000, Japanese
1846:
Scotch whiskies are generally distilled twice, although some are distilled a third time and others even up to twenty times. Scotch Whisky
Regulations require anything bearing the label "Scotch" to be distilled in Scotland and matured for a minimum of three years in oak casks, among other, more
1502:
By
Canadian law, Canadian whiskies must be produced and aged in Canada, be distilled from a fermented mash of cereal grain, be aged in wood barrels with a capacity limit of 700 litres (185 US gal; 154 imp gal) for not less than three years, and "possess the aroma, taste and
534:
in the 1st century AD, but these were not distillations of alcohol. The medieval Arabs adopted the distillation technique of the
Alexandrian Greeks, and written records in Arabic begin in the 9th century, but again these were not distillations of alcohol. Distilling technology passed from the
1503:
character generally attributed to
Canadian whisky". The terms "Canadian Whisky", "Rye Whisky", and "Canadian Rye Whisky" are legally indistinguishable in Canada and do not require any specific grain in their production and are often blends of two or more grains. Canadian whiskies may contain
1125:
The UK exports more whisky than the rest of the world combined. In 2022, whisky exports from
Scotland were valued at ÂŁ6.25 billion, making up a quarter of all UK food and drink export revenues. In 2012, the US was the largest market for Scotch whisky (ÂŁ655 million), followed by France (ÂŁ535
1677:
German whisky production is a relatively recent phenomenon having only started in the early 1990s. The styles produced resemble those made in
Ireland, Scotland and the United States: single malts, blends, wheat, and bourbon-like styles. There is no standard spelling of German whiskies with
1507:
and flavouring in addition to the distilled mash spirits, and there is no maximum limit on the alcohol level of the distillation. The minimum bottling proof is 40% ABV. To be exported under one of the "Canadian Whisky" designations, a whisky cannot contain more than 9.09% imported spirits.
1004:
and other
American whiskeys. Column stills behave like a series of single pot stills, formed in a long vertical tube. Whereas a single pot still charged with wine might yield a vapour enriched to 40â60% alcohol, a column still can achieve a vapour alcohol content of 95.6%; an
2139:, and have a strong, disagreeable smell and taste. An excess of fusel oils in whisky is considered a defect. A variety of methods are employed in the distillation process to remove unwanted fusel oils. Traditionally, American distillers focused on secondary filtration using
1117:, which is the statutory minimum in some countries â although the strength can vary, and cask-strength whisky may have as much as twice that alcohol percentage. Enthusiasts often prefer cask strength whisky for its concentrated flavors and customizable dilution experience.
961:. This distilled spirit is meticulously monitored during its extraction. The initial and final portions of the distillate are deemed undesirable and are therefore redirected back into the still. Only the middle portion, considered the most desirable, is collected in the
1974:
revival of Welsh whisky began in the 1990s. Initially a "Prince of Wales" malt whisky was sold as Welsh whisky but was simply blended scotch bottled in Wales. A lawsuit by Scotch distillers ended this enterprise. In 2000, Penderyn
Distillery started production of
1873:
There is also a sixth region recognized by some sources, though not by the Scotch Whisky Association, The Islands, excluding Islay. This unofficial region, (part of the Highlands according to the Association), includes the following whisky-producing islands making
955:
to evaporate the alcohol while remaining low enough to prevent the evaporation of water. Alcohol vapour ascends through the still and is directed to the condenser, which consists of copper tubes or plates, where it condenses back into a liquid form known as the
1914:
was founded and is today the largest producer and has won several awards including European Whisky of the Year in Jim Murray's 2011 Whisky Bible and the International Wine & Spirits Competition (IWSC) 2012 Award for Best European Spirits Producer of 2012.
1812:
Mexican whisky is relatively young as it has not been as popular in the country as other distilled drinks but recently many distillers in the country have started to make a push to create homegrown whisky and make it as popular as whisky from other countries.
765:
982:-based compounds from the alcohol that would make it unpleasant to drink. Modern stills are made of stainless steel with copper innards (piping, for example, will be lined with copper along with copper plate inlays along still walls). The simplest standard
1959:. In 2015, Kavalan's Solist Vinho Barrique Single Cask was named the world's best single malt whisky by World Whiskies Awards. In 2016, Kavalan Solist Amontillado Sherry Single Cask was named the world's best single malt whisky by World Whisky Awards.
768:
773:
771:
767:
766:
967:. At this stage, the distilled spirit is clear and has an ethanol content ranging from 70% to 80% ABV. It is typically diluted before being transferred to casks for maturation, though some distilleries sell it as is at 'cask strength'.
772:
1750:
is now used to produce grain whiskey for blends. By law, Irish whiskey must be produced in Ireland and aged in wooden casks for a period of no less than three years, although in practice it is usually three or four times that period.
1550:
The second Danish distilled single malt whisky for sale was Edition No.1 from the Braunstein microbrewery and distillery. It was distilled in 2007, using water from the Greenlandic ice sheet, and entered the market in March 2010.
750:
era in the United States lasting from 1920 to 1933, all alcohol sales were banned in the country. The federal government made an exemption for whisky prescribed by a doctor and sold through licensed pharmacies, such as Walgreens.
1084:); after being used for this purpose, these casks are typically exported for use in the aging of other whiskies elsewhere. Distillers will sometimes age their whiskey in barrels previously used to age other spirits, such as
946:. Even though the wash is alcoholic it is still organic, which makes it susceptible to contamination by microorganisms that cause rot. Consequently, it is promptly transferred to the still for boiling to mitigate this risk.
420:), and the other is that the spelling should depend on the style or origin of the spirit being described. There is general agreement that when quoting the proper name printed on a label, one should not alter its spelling.
1948:
as the World Icons of Whisky "Whisky Visitor Attraction of the Year" for 2011, and its products have won several other awards. In 2012, Kavalan's Solist Fino Sherry Cask malt whisky was named "new whisky of the year" by
770:
1096:, to impart particular flavours. The size of the barrel also has an effect on the flavour development of the whisky, smaller barrels will contribute more to the whisky due to the higher wood surface to whisky ratio.
4095:
1263:) whiskies are bottled from an individual cask, and often the bottles are labelled with specific barrel and bottle numbers. The taste of these whiskies may vary substantially from cask to cask within a brand.
1546:
began producing whisky early in 1974. The first Danish single malt to go on sale was Lille GadegÄrd from Bornholm, in 2005. Lille GadegÄrd is a winery as well, and uses its own wine casks to mature whisky.
566:", spirit alcohol, primarily for medicinal purposes. The practice of medicinal distillation eventually passed from a monastic setting to the secular via professional medical practitioners of the time, The
1225:
is a mixture of single malt whiskies from different distilleries. If whisky is labelled "pure malt" or just "malt" it is almost certainly a blended malt whisky. This was formerly called a "vatted malt"
639:
or revenuers. Scottish distillers, operating out of homemade stills, took to distilling whisky at night when the darkness hid the smoke from the stills. For this reason, the drink became known as
1454:. (Benjamin Prichard's, which is not so filtered, was grandfathered in when the requirement was introduced in 2017.) The rest of the distillation process of Tennessee Whiskey is identical to
2300:. This is done primarily for cosmetic reasons. Unchillfiltered whiskies often turn cloudy when stored at cool temperatures or when cool water is added to them, and this is perfectly normal.
635:
of 1725, most of Scotland's distillation was either shut down or forced underground. Scotch whisky was hidden under altars, in coffins, and in any available space to avoid the governmental
3982:
1790:
whisky was primarily for the domestic market and exports were limited. In recent years, though, Japanese whisky has grown in popularity on the global market. Japanese whiskies such as
2497:, Second Edition: "In modern trade usage, Scotch whisky and Irish whiskey are thus distinguished in spelling; 'whisky' is the usual spelling in Britain and 'whiskey' that in the U.S."
1371:
There is no minimum aging period required for a spirit to legally be called whiskey. If one of these whiskey types reaches two years aging or beyond, it is additionally designated as
1145:
In 2011, 70% of Canadian whisky was exported, with about 60% going to the US, and the rest mostly to Europe and Asia. 15 million cases of Canadian whisky were sold in the US in 2011.
4401:
576:, which attributes the death of a chieftain in 1405 to "taking a surfeit of aqua vitae" at Christmas. In Scotland, the first evidence of whisky production comes from an entry in the
4588:
867:
Following the malting process, the grains are transferred to a dressing machine, which separates the sprouts from the seeds. The grains are then conveyed to a mill for grinding.
4619:
4177:
538:
The earliest records of the distillation of alcohol are in Italy in the 13th century, where alcohol was distilled from wine. An early description of the technique was given by
4116:
769:
4015:
2001:
is distilled elsewhere and re-distilled in the country of its nominal "origin". The ManX distillery takes a previously matured Scotch malt whisky and re-distills it.
2940:"Kevin R. Kosar, "What the Tea Party Could Learn from the Whiskey Rebellion", adapted from Kevin R. Kosar, Whiskey: A Global History (London: Reaktion Books, 2010)"
1704:/grain with only a small portion consisting of traditional malt whisky, usually about 10 to 12 percent. Outside India, such a drink would more likely be labelled a
704:
In 1823, the UK passed the Excise Act, legalizing the distillation (for a fee), and this put a practical end to the large-scale production of Scottish moonshine.
611:
The distillation process was still in its infancy; whisky itself was not allowed to age, and as a result tasted very raw and brutal compared to today's versions.
1126:
million). It is also one of the UK's overall top five manufacturing export earners and it supports around 42,000 jobs. Principal whisky producing areas include
1399:(NGS), and may also contain flavourings and colourings. The percentage of NGS must be disclosed on the label and may be as much at 80% on a proof gallon basis.
1624:
In 2005, there were two working distilleries in Finland and a third one under construction. Whisky retail sales in Finland are controlled solely by the state
4375:
2607:
1936:. In January 2010, one of the distillery's products caused a stir by beating three Scotch whiskies and one English whisky in a blind tasting organised in
5582:
3692:
1716:, the first single malt whisky produced in India, was launched in Glasgow, Scotland in 2004. After expanding in Europe it was launched in India in 2010.
3893:
3795:
1251:) whiskies are rare, and usually, only the very best whiskies are bottled in this way. They are bottled from the cask undiluted or only lightly diluted.
3613:
3591:
3333:
2180:(2,3-butanedione) has a buttery aroma and is present in almost all distilled beverages. Whiskies and cognacs typically contain more of this than
4683:
723:
whisky with that from the new Coffey still. The new distillation method was scoffed at by some Irish distillers, who clung to their traditional
2253:
567:
562:
The practice of distillation spread to Ireland and Scotland no later than the 15th century, as did the common European practice of distilling "
246:
worldwide with many classes and types. The typical unifying characteristics of the different classes and types are the fermentation of grains,
3440:
5095:
5076:
5057:
4975:
4923:
4866:
4813:
4750:
4719:
4338:
3939:
3394:
3000:
2746:
2706:
1850:
The basic types of Scotch are malt and grain, which are combined to create blends. Scotch malt whiskies were divided into five main regions:
3206:
Jeffery, John D.E., Aging of Whiskey Spirits in Barrels of Non-Traditional Volume, Master's Thesis, Michigan State University, p. 30 (2012).
1462:
and at least one other international trade agreement, and is similarly required to meet the legal definition of bourbon under Canadian law.
4408:
686:
The drinking of Scotch whisky was introduced to India in the nineteenth century. The first distillery in India was built by Edward Dyer at
2292:": chilled to precipitate out fatty acid esters and then filtered to remove them. Most whiskies are bottled this way, unless specified as
3993:
3467:
4627:
4596:
1660:
The first French whisky was produced at Warenghem distillery in 1987, who then introduced the first single malt French whisky in 1998.
4307:
2564:
1180:
Whisky or whisky-like products are produced in most grain-growing areas. They differ in base product, alcoholic content, and quality.
3867:
3841:
4786:
2369:
1576:
whisky and other organic spirits. The distillery was established in 2009, and in 2020 they launched their first 10 year old whisky.
814:, distillation, and maturation (aging). This process is typically followed by the two additional stages of bottling and marketing.
810:
Although specific methods may vary among distilleries, whisky production broadly comprises four primary stages: grain preparation,
4992:
4915:
4742:
4535:
4044:
3363:
1209:
is whisky from a single distillery made from a mash that uses only one particular malted grain. Unless the whisky is described as
5171:
3821:
2456:
1607:
747:
655:
1381:. A whiskey that fulfils all above requirements but derives from less than 51% of any one specific grain can be called simply a
5483:
4670:
4509:
4134:
1436:
186:
3671:"Terms and Conditions for the Issuance of Certificates of Age and Origin for Distilled Spirits Produced or Packaged in Canada"
2896:
2400:
1134:, where there are nine distilleries providing a major source of employment. In many places, the industry is closely linked to
5620:
5575:
4882:
1663:
According to a study in 2016, the French are the largest consumers of single malt whisky in the world, especially Scotch.
1099:
During maturation, up to 45 litres of whisky may evaporate from the cask over a 4 year period. This portion is called the
875:
The extraction of sugars to be converted into alcohol is achieved through a process known as mashing. During mashing, the
594:
purchased a large amount of whisky from the Guild of Barber-Surgeons, which held the monopoly on production at the time.
527:, with perfumes and aromatics being distilled, but this is subject to uncertain and disputed interpretations of evidence.
2859:
O'Clery, Michael; O'Clery, Cucogry; O'Mulconry, Ferfeasa; O'Duigenan, Cucogry; O'Clery, Conary; O'Donovan, John (1856).
2537:
2481:
A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles: Founded Mainly on the Materials Collected by the Philological Society
1955:
1511:
Canadian whiskies are available throughout the world and are a culturally significant export. Well known brands include
4561:
4280:
3241:
1319:: made from mash that consists of at least 80% corn and is not aged, or, if aged, is aged in uncharred or used barrels.
920:(commonly known as "brewer's yeast"), is introduced to the sugary wort, which provides the necessary nutrients for its
2249:
1870:. Each of the whisky producing regions has a distinct flavour profile and characteristics to the whisky they produce.
1798:
won many prestigious international awards between 2007 and 2014. Japanese whisky has earned a reputation for quality.
2169:). Among whiskies the highest levels are associated with malt whisky. This acetal is a principal flavour compound in
1235:
even when the spirits are the product of one distillery, as is common in Canada. American blended whisky may contain
2099:. The sulfur compounds include thiophenes and polysulfides which seem to contribute to whiskey's roasted character.
674:
4829:
4481:
4433:
1950:
4379:
2191:
Polysulfides and thiophenes enter whiskey through the distillation process and contribute to its roasted flavour.
7520:
5568:
3519:
2962:
2615:
2212:
1709:
485:
3770:
3670:
3493:
2055:
compounds, of which some 200 to 300 are easily detected by chemical analysis. The flavouring chemicals include "
1678:
distilleries using both "whisky" and "whiskey". In 2008 there were 23 distilleries in Germany producing whisky.
7494:
5635:
5478:
5367:
3152:
2268:
Depending on the local regulations, additional flavourings and colouring compounds may be added to the whisky.
1867:
1768:
916:
628:
601:
368:
303:
3700:
3645:
2272:
may contain caramel and flavouring in addition to the distilled mash spirits. Scotch whisky may contain added
2161:
are rapidly formed in distillates and a great many are found in distilled beverages, the most prominent being
3288:
826:
into fermentable sugars, which can then be subjected to fermentation and distillation. This process involves
4939:
2818:
Whiskey: Technology, Production and Marketing: Handbook of Alcoholic Beverages Series p2 Academic Press 2003
1795:
1646:
1162:
715:, allowing for a cheaper and more efficient distillation of whisky. In 1850, Andrew Usher began producing a
31:
6971:
5854:
5720:
5504:
5473:
5468:
5425:
3410:
3182:
3135:
3118:
3101:
3084:
3067:
3051:
3034:
3017:
1451:
1033:
572:
3197:
Nickles, Jane, 2015 Certified Specialist of Spirits Study Guide, Society of Wine Educators, p. 23 (2015).
2876:
Great Britain. Public Record Office; Stuart, John; Burnett, George; Scotland. Court of Exchequer (1878).
5650:
5514:
5284:
2335:
2107:
The distinctive smoky flavour found in various types of whisky, especially Scotch, is due to the use of
2080:
1851:
1835:
Whisky made in Scotland is known as Scotch whisky, or simply as "Scotch" (especially in North America).
1477:
1396:
738:
pest that ruined much of the grape crop; as a result, whisky became the primary liquor in many markets.
5017:
2992:
615:-era whisky was also very potent and not diluted. Over time whisky evolved into a much smoother drink.
4589:"Kavalan Solist Amontillado Sherry Single Cask Strength â World's Best Single Cask Single Malt Whisky"
3337:
7380:
6155:
5725:
5640:
5164:
3826:
2698:
A short history of the art of distillation: from the beginnings up to the death of Cellier Blumenthal
2667:
Martin Levey (1956). "Babylonian Chemistry: A Study of Arabic and Second Millennium B.C. Perfumery",
2513:
1979:
1863:
1855:
1746:
being the exception as they also double distil. Though traditionally distilled using pot stills, the
1532:
1127:
933:
921:
587:
535:
medieval Arabs to the medieval Latins, with the earliest records in Latin in the early 12th century.
1527:
among others. The historic popularity of Canadian whisky in the United States is partly a result of
5747:
5735:
5420:
5289:
5204:
3722:
3444:
1221:
925:
647:
4153:
3748:
2738:
2644:
1172:
898:, which contains the extracted sugars, is separated from the mash, cooled, and transferred to the
6175:
5645:
5591:
5415:
5199:
5118:
4204:
4100:
2841:
2166:
2124:
2040:
1929:
1875:
1859:
1760:
1603:
1432:
1205:
624:
7450:
7445:
7300:
7061:
4255:
3989:
784:
631:, and thereafter taxes on distilled spirits rose dramatically. Following parliament's divisive
7290:
7205:
7188:
6738:
6525:
6465:
5655:
5509:
5327:
5320:
5091:
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5053:
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4862:
4809:
4782:
4746:
4715:
4334:
4020:
3935:
3390:
2996:
2742:
2702:
2560:
2330:
2325:
1975:
1756:
1743:
1471:
1420:
1406:
1357:
1139:
1114:
938:
663:
651:
524:
158:
76:
2645:"Standards of Identity for Distilled Spirits, Title 27 Code of Federal Regulations, Pt. 5.22"
2581:
1645:
French whisky is whisky produced in France. The distilleries producing French whisky include
448:
for aged grain spirits made outside the US. However, some prominent American brands, such as
7109:
7083:
6838:
6718:
5673:
5549:
5384:
5310:
5294:
5231:
5216:
4774:
4495:
3923:
2730:
2277:
1924:
1879:
1650:
1625:
1440:
1424:
1373:
1340:
1278:
1101:
957:
271:
243:
123:
4315:
3311:
3267:
1649:
and Warenghem in Brittany, Guillon in the Champagne region, and Grallet-Dupic in Lorraine.
1295:. It must have the taste, aroma, and other characteristics commonly attributed to whiskey.
7515:
6848:
6822:
6753:
6728:
6693:
6642:
6582:
6165:
5772:
5630:
5625:
5410:
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5332:
5315:
5279:
5274:
5157:
4229:
3871:
3845:
2914:
2289:
2269:
2238:
2060:
1911:
1784:
1764:
1697:
1555:
1497:
1455:
1392:
1361:
1302:
1236:
1077:
1001:
831:
597:
299:
148:
133:
128:
2731:
2377:
643:. At one point, it was estimated that over half of Scotland's whisky output was illegal.
453:
5125:
4649:
2860:
1415:: a mixture of neutral spirits and at least 5% of certain stricter categories of whiskey
1056:. Extraction in particular results in whisky acquiring a number of compounds, including
590:(r. 1488â1513) reportedly had a great liking for Scotch whisky, and in 1506 the town of
7163:
6996:
6961:
6773:
6632:
5544:
5442:
5342:
5337:
4539:
4455:
2227:
2072:
2044:
1983:
1883:
1807:
1713:
1619:
1606:
ceased until 2003. There are currently 55 distilleries producing English whisky and 20
1585:
1412:
1230:
1073:
1032:
casks, whisky undergoes six processes that contribute to its colour and final flavour:
929:
716:
695:
358:
353:
138:
5136:
4096:"How India's first single malt brand Amrut Distilleries cracked luxury market in West"
3931:
7509:
7385:
7365:
7245:
6951:
6798:
6698:
6688:
6592:
6500:
6480:
6388:
6170:
5452:
5405:
5379:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5257:
5236:
2425:
2317:
2273:
1830:
1737:
1687:
1672:
1640:
1516:
1428:
1346:
1243:
1166:
1069:
1045:
1029:
708:
679:
636:
605:
490:
449:
432:
267:
153:
143:
88:
4513:
4138:
3956:
3566:
2877:
2762:
855:. In the production of Scotch whisky, the air used for kilning is heated by burning
7097:
6733:
6652:
6637:
6520:
5954:
5844:
5839:
5730:
5715:
5534:
5389:
5221:
5211:
3986:
3544:
2900:
2340:
2162:
2023:
2004:
1968:
1887:
1747:
1573:
1402:
1316:
1292:
1193:
1025:
997:
993:
983:
811:
712:
659:
512:
457:
343:
331:
247:
216:
163:
7320:
7295:
7143:
7011:
6853:
5869:
4886:
4769:
Cole, V. C.; Noble, A. C. (1 January 1995). Lea, A. G. H.; Piggott, J. R. (eds.).
1520:
990:, consisting of a single heated chamber and a vessel to collect purified alcohol.
678:
A man pours some whisky into a flask in this 1869 oil painting by Scottish artist
46:
4965:
4909:
4856:
4803:
4778:
4736:
4709:
2696:
2260:
on Earth. Particularly, wood extractives were more present in the space samples.
7250:
6986:
6931:
6833:
6803:
6570:
6333:
6313:
6283:
6220:
6090:
6055:
6030:
5994:
5944:
5914:
5904:
5829:
5819:
5809:
5804:
5678:
5447:
5226:
5194:
2430:
Federal Register of Legislation â Food Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code
2084:
1998:
1994:
1941:
1528:
1512:
1444:
1331:
1322:
1255:
1184:
1037:
963:
798:
612:
543:
539:
520:
4117:"How India's new taste for local whisky is shaking up the global drinks market"
17:
7455:
7390:
7335:
7275:
7220:
7168:
6936:
6657:
6627:
5894:
5884:
5742:
5539:
5247:
5141:
2307:
2234:
2052:
1821:
1524:
1283:
1049:
735:
584:, by order of the king, to make aquavitae", enough to make about 500 bottles.
563:
531:
321:
2882:. PIMS â University of Toronto. Edinburgh : H.M. General Register House.
859:
bricks in a furnace, imparting the characteristic smoky flavour to the malt.
727:. Many Irish contended that the new product was, in fact, not whisky at all.
7440:
7405:
7375:
7235:
6946:
6708:
6602:
6565:
6343:
6273:
6150:
6130:
6065:
5984:
5859:
5698:
5519:
5499:
5435:
5129:
4565:
4354:
4284:
3924:
2128:
2012:
1838:
1595:
1488:
1476:
Australian whiskies have won global whisky awards and medals, including the
1365:
1214:
1158:
1153:
1085:
1041:
1006:
987:
724:
720:
640:
516:
228:
224:
7230:
7006:
6205:
5524:
5251:
3567:"SICE- Free Trade Agreement between Chile and the United States of America"
3216:
2345:
2311:
1759:
Peated Malt whiskey. There are several types of whiskey common to Ireland:
1298:
Some types of whiskey listed in the United States federal regulations are:
1138:, with many distilleries also functioning as attractions worth ÂŁ30 million
5113:
1728:
7465:
7460:
7425:
7415:
7325:
7260:
7153:
7092:
7071:
7056:
6906:
6607:
6470:
6413:
6393:
6293:
6268:
6235:
6120:
5979:
5974:
5964:
5879:
5864:
5849:
2231:
2177:
2140:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2056:
1701:
1654:
1447:
1081:
1065:
1057:
888:
876:
632:
581:
551:
2845:
2829:
2276:, but no other additives. The addition of flavourings is not allowed in
1657:, Brittany. In 2022, there were around 100 whisky producers in France.
7435:
7355:
7340:
7285:
7198:
7178:
7133:
7128:
7118:
7102:
7076:
7041:
7001:
6991:
6941:
6886:
6763:
6748:
6667:
6647:
6612:
6545:
6145:
6105:
6085:
6050:
6009:
5934:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5430:
4833:
2939:
2479:
2257:
2220:
2216:
2199:
2132:
2076:
1791:
1599:
1559:
1543:
1504:
1306:
1135:
883:
835:
827:
687:
428:
196:
192:
5560:
3894:"10 of the biggest scotch whisky-consuming countries around the world"
3592:"Canada Food and Drug regulations, C.R.C. C.870, provision B.02.022.1"
1982:, and it is now sold worldwide. Penderyn Distillery is located in the
1439:. The main difference defining a Tennessee whiskey is that it must be
1356:
These types of American whiskey must be distilled to no more than 80%
7475:
7400:
7330:
7310:
7305:
7265:
6976:
6901:
6896:
6881:
6843:
6818:
6808:
6778:
6768:
6758:
6622:
6587:
6577:
6535:
6530:
6510:
6490:
6443:
6418:
6408:
6258:
6125:
6115:
6095:
6070:
5999:
5874:
4993:"Whiskey aged in space tastes like throat lozenges and rubbery smoke"
4069:
3545:"North American Free Trade Agreement Annex 313: Distinctive products"
2208:
2185:
2170:
2158:
2144:
2068:
2019:
1933:
1891:
1591:
1326:
1093:
1053:
1018:
979:
975:
879:
823:
822:
To initiate whisky production, grains are processed to convert their
731:
698:
591:
327:
236:
200:
182:
60:
4178:"Distillers in high spirits as the whiskey sector enters golden era"
2123:
The flavouring of whisky is partially determined by the presence of
2022:
that makes single malt whisky, including Alba, which is matured in
1906:
Whisky started being produced in Sweden in 1955 by the now defunct
444:
as the accepted spelling for aged grain spirits made in the US and
7210:
7016:
6966:
6921:
6911:
6876:
6788:
6662:
6597:
6540:
6403:
6378:
6373:
6358:
6338:
6323:
6303:
6288:
6195:
6185:
6180:
6140:
6135:
6110:
6080:
6045:
6040:
6004:
5989:
5924:
5794:
5708:
5529:
2245:
2198:
2181:
2152:
2136:
2064:
1937:
1837:
1820:
1727:
1693:
1569:
1487:
1459:
1458:. Whiskey sold as "Tennessee whiskey" is defined as bourbon under
1350:
1310:
1282:
1171:
1152:
1131:
1000:
and are the most commonly used type of still in the production of
971:
911:
691:
673:
596:
547:
315:
212:
204:
189:
30:
This article is about the alcoholic beverage. For other uses, see
5090:(3rd ed.). Glasgow: Angels' Share (Neil Wilson Publishing).
2879:
Rotuli scaccarii regum Scotorum = The Exchequer rolls of Scotland
2795:
7123:
6783:
6368:
6348:
6278:
6230:
6225:
6160:
6100:
5703:
3646:"Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Food and Drug Regulations"
2148:
2112:
2108:
1895:
1752:
1628:
1565:
1188:
1061:
894:
856:
852:
701:), as there was an abundant supply of fresh spring water there.
372:
in Scottish Gaelic. Early forms of the word in English included
220:
109:
7039:
6441:
5770:
5602:
5564:
5153:
4908:
Belitz, Hans-Dieter; Schieberle, Peter; Grosch, Werner (2004).
4735:
Belitz, Hans-Dieter; Schieberle, Peter; Grosch, Werner (2004).
4355:"ASIL Insight: WTO Protections for Food Geographic Indications"
3418:
1692:
Distilled alcoholic beverages that are labelled as "whisky" in
1602:
until the late 19th century, after which production of English
1113:
Most whiskies are sold at or near an alcoholic strength of 40%
882:
is activated, which facilitates the conversion of starches and
7350:
6956:
6555:
6215:
3842:"'With a Dash of Water' Finnish Whisky Culture and its Future"
2865:. PIMS â University of Toronto. Dublin, Hodges, Smith, and co.
2048:
1986:
and is considered to be the smallest distillery in the world.
1705:
1388:
US regulations recognize other whiskey categories, including:
1335:
1089:
530:
The earliest certain chemical distillations were by Greeks in
232:
208:
1531:
illegally importing it into the country during the period of
335:
281:
275:
227:. Uncharred white oak casks previously used for the aging of
4016:"Scotch whisky makers threaten action against Indian blends"
2230:. One study identified 40 different phenolic compounds. The
690:
in the late 1820s. The operation was soon shifted to nearby
570:. The earliest mention of whiskey in Ireland comes from the
1395:: a mixture that contains a blend of straight whiskeys and
546:, largely for medicinal purposes, such as the treatment of
468:, the legal regulations for spirit in the US, also use the
2834:
The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
5149:
3614:"Move over Fosters, Whisky Bible toasts Australian drams"
2237:
is present in whisky, with the highest level reported in
1631:
and advertising of strong alcoholic beverages is banned.
1343:: made from mash that consists of at least 51% malted rye
484:
within Scotland. Elsewhere and in the regulations of the
4070:"Amrut Distilleries: The Pioneers Of Indian Single Malt"
3727:, "Dansk whisky destilleres pÄ indlandsis", (in Danish)"
488:(SWA) that govern its production, it is commonly called
3364:"Growing appetite for American whisky straining supply"
2451:
2280:"straight" whiskey, but is allowed in American blends.
1610:. An English whisky GI is currently awaiting approval.
1291:
American whiskey is distilled from a fermented mash of
3983:"Battle for the world's largest whisky market â India"
3796:"Brands - Whiskybase - Ratings and reviews for whisky"
2538:"New York Times Buckles To Pressure From Scotch Snobs"
2256:
significantly different from similar test subjects in
1325:: made from mash that consists of at least 51% malted
4256:"Japanese Whisky Guide | Learn About Japanese Whisky"
2051:, are complex beverages that contain a vast range of
2007:
is Frisian single malt, distilled and bottled in the
1755:
malt is almost always used, the main exception being
1313:) and aged in new charred American white oak barrels.
362:
293:
3822:"Producers seek legal definition for English whisky"
1480:
and Jim Murray's Whisky Bible "Liquid Gold Awards".
314:
of the same meaning. Distilled alcohol was known in
83:
At least 40% (37% in Australia, 43% in South Africa)
6869:
6678:
6455:
6246:
6020:
5784:
5666:
5613:
5492:
5461:
5398:
5303:
5267:
5187:
5052:. Glasgow: Angels' Share (Neil Wilson Publishing).
3917:
3915:
2484:. Kragen Javier Sitaker. Clarendon Press at Oxford.
1910:brand. Their last bottle was sold in 1971. In 1999
1742:Irish whiskeys are normally distilled three times,
646:In America, whisky was used as currency during the
116:
105:
97:
87:
74:
66:
56:
3644:Branch, Legislative Services (27 September 2022).
3334:"Scotch Whisky Exports & Visitor Numbers Soar"
2608:"Whiskey vs Whisky: Newspapers & Style Guides"
2531:
2529:
2527:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2211:absorbs substances from the wood. One of these is
1978:. The first bottles went on sale on 1 March 2004,
1419:Another important labelling in the marketplace is
1409:and stored in used or uncharred new oak containers
1017:Whiskies do not mature in the bottle, only in the
886:into sugars. The ground malt is introduced into a
4230:"5 Things You Need To Know About Japanese Whisky"
2219:" or "quercus lactone", a compound with a strong
4764:
4762:
4045:"Obesity lawsuits loom for soft drinks industry"
3242:"Global whiskey export leaders, by country 2022"
1176:Malted barley is an ingredient of some whiskies.
3357:
3355:
1349:: made from mash that consists of at least 51%
1334:: made from mash that consists of at least 51%
1200:Malts and grains are combined in various ways:
847:grains with hot air, a procedure also known as
793:The production of whisky from barley to bottle
4684:"Meet Italy's whisky pioneers | Scotch Whisky"
4172:
4170:
4135:"Differences between Scotch and Irish whiskey"
2814:
2812:
2457:An Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
2426:"Standard 2.7.5 â Spirits â 2.7.5â3(3)(b)(ii)"
924:. The yeast metabolizes the sugars, producing
199:) are used for different varieties, including
5576:
5165:
3695:[First Danish whiskey for 35 years].
3673:. Canada â Justice Laws Website. 18 June 2009
2690:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2401:"Why One Spirit Can Have Many Different ABVs"
2363:
2361:
2067:, nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds,
542:(1232â1315). Its use spread through medieval
8:
2733:Whisky: technology, production and marketing
39:
7044:and infused distilled drinks by ingredients
4203:Association, Irish Whiskey (11 June 2019).
3639:
3637:
3635:
2173:, and contributes fruitiness to the aroma.
1932:was the first private whisky distillery in
1720:42%, compared with 7% for imported rivals.
466:Standards of Identity for Distilled Spirits
460:(all made by different companies), use the
341:
319:
287:
7036:
6452:
6438:
5781:
5767:
5610:
5599:
5583:
5569:
5561:
5172:
5158:
5150:
4650:"Planet Whiskies Welsh Distillery Section"
3520:"Tennessee Whiskey Versus Bourbon Whiskey"
2763:"The History of Whisky â The Whisky Guide"
2639:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2244:In an experiment, whiskey aged 3 years in
2011:. It is the first single malt produced in
1653:is produced by Distillerie des Menhirs in
1287:Various American whiskeys on store shelves
910:During fermentation, a specific strain of
396:Much is made of the word's two spellings:
45:
38:
5071:. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.
4967:Volatile Compounds in Foods and Beverages
4858:Volatile Compounds in Foods and Beverages
4805:Volatile Compounds in Foods and Beverages
4711:Volatile Compounds in Foods and Beverages
3140:. Edible. Reaktion Books. pp. 18â21.
3106:. Edible. Reaktion Books. pp. 17â18.
3089:. Edible. Reaktion Books. pp. 16â17.
3056:. Edible. Reaktion Books. pp. 14â15.
2830:"Guesting and Feasting in Gaelic Ireland"
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2555:Zandona, Eric; et al. (March 2013).
996:are frequently used in the production of
480:Whisky made in Scotland is simply called
3518:Cowdery, Charles K. (21 February 2009).
3492:Cowdery, Charles K. (16 December 2009).
3389:. McClelland & Stewart. p. 58.
3217:"The Observatory of Economic Complexity"
2891:
2889:
2536:Cowdery, Charles K. (11 February 2009).
2512:Cowdery, Charles K. (24 February 2009).
2432:. Australian Government. 5 December 2019
2203:A charred oak barrel used to age whiskey
1024:While aging in wooden casks, especially
302:). This Gaelic word shares its ultimate
4620:"Welsh will make a rare bit of whiskey"
4496:"The beginner's guide to scotch whisky"
4376:"What does a whisky's age really mean?"
4331:Michael Jackson's Malt Whisky Companion
3699:(in Danish). 5 May 2009. Archived from
3441:"Benjamin Prichard's Tennessee Whiskey"
3332:The Whisky Barrel (12 September 2011).
3291:. Government of Scotland. 27 March 2012
2557:A World Guide to Whisk(e)y Distilleries
2357:
2942:. Alcoholreviews.com. 12 November 2010
2226:Commercially charred oaks are rich in
2184:, but significantly less than rums or
2131:. Fusel oils are higher alcohols than
1405:: produced in the US at more than 80%
580:for 1495 where malt is sent "To Friar
223:, which are typically made of charred
5067:Buxton, Ian; Hughes, Paul S. (2014).
4043:beveragedaily.com (25 January 2006).
3820:Malczewski, Kate (25 February 2022).
3187:. Edible. Reaktion Books. p. 24.
3176:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3123:. Edible. Reaktion Books. p. 18.
3039:. Edible. Reaktion Books. p. 14.
3022:. Edible. Reaktion Books. p. 13.
2989:Irish Whiskey â A 1000 year tradition
2399:Bauer, Bruce T. (15 September 2016).
2264:Flavours and colouring from additives
1572:) in the center of Denmark, produces
974:for making whisky is usually made of
851:, at the end of which the product is
627:merged England and Scotland into the
367:
352:
7:
4094:Duttagupta, Ishani (29 April 2012).
3387:Canadian Whisky: The Portable Expert
2828:Simms, Katharine (22 January 1978).
1360:, and barrelled at no more than 125
1309:that consists of at least 51% corn (
4562:"2012 Producer Trophies - IWSC.NET"
4510:"Skeppets whisky â English version"
4306:Coldicott, Nicholas (23 May 2008).
4115:Charu Sudan Kasturi (4 June 2022).
2961:Harrison, Joel (29 December 2011).
797:, swan necked copper stills in the
5069:The Science and Commerce of Whisky
4991:Grush, Loren (10 September 2015).
4940:"What Is The Chemistry Of Whisky?"
4333:. Dorling Kindersley. p. 12.
1700:that are distilled from fermented
464:spelling on their labels, and the
286:) meaning "water" (now written as
25:
4832:. The Beer Brewer. Archived from
4773:. Springer US. pp. 361â385.
3494:"Favorite whiskey myths debunked"
3466:Stambor, Zak (16 February 2015).
2155:to remove undesired distillates.
2087:. The nitrogen compounds include
2018:Puni is an Italian distillery in
986:apparatus is commonly known as a
5250:
5135:
5124:
5112:
4885:. Wine-Pages.com. Archived from
3289:"Record high for food and drink"
2862:Annals of the kingdom of Ireland
2310:
1423:, which includes brands such as
783:
763:
4671:Handbook of Alcoholic Beverages
4308:"Japanese malt scotches rivals"
3955:Felten, Eric (26 August 2006).
3930:. Dorling Kindersley. pp.
2103:Flavours from treating the malt
734:industry was devastated by the
498:(especially in North America).
250:, and aging in wooden barrels.
242:Whisky is a strictly regulated
195:. Various grains (which may be
5621:History of alcoholic beverages
3981:Peachey, Paul (3 March 2006).
3775:www.cooperkingdistillery.co.uk
3693:"FĂžrste danske whisky i 35 Ă„r"
3468:"A whiskey fight in Tennessee"
3385:De Kergommeaux, Davin (2012).
1944:. The distillery was named by
1696:were commonly blends based on
1009:mixture of alcohol and water.
1:
5140:The dictionary definition of
4771:Fermented Beverage Production
3362:Stastna, Kazi (25 May 2013).
3151:Stone, Jason (18 July 2012).
2695:Forbes, Robert James (1970).
2559:. Hayward: White Mule Press.
2370:"Does the ABV Really Matter?"
2207:Whisky that has been aged in
1196:â made from any type of grain
5484:Scotland's Malt Whisky Trail
5132:travel guide from Wikivoyage
4779:10.1007/978-1-4757-5214-4_14
4618:Kelly, Amanda (8 May 2000).
4536:"Whisky Bible Award Winners"
4281:"Awards Won by Nikka Whisky"
1984:Brecon Beacons National Park
1842:The regions of Scotch whisky
1080:are required to be new (and
326:("water of life"). This was
27:Distilled alcoholic beverage
4436:. Scotch Whisky Association
4283:. Nikka.com. Archived from
3957:"Where 'Whisky' Can Be Rum"
3310:Scotch Whisky Association.
3266:Scotch Whisky Association.
3155:. The Whiskey Still Company
2478:James A. H. Murray (1926).
2250:International Space Station
1976:Penderyn single malt whisky
1450:before aging, known as the
1076:. The casks used for aging
7537:
4970:. CRC Press. p. 574.
4861:. CRC Press. p. 554.
4808:. CRC Press. p. 553.
4714:. CRC Press. p. 548.
4673:p.532. John Wiley and Sons
2796:"History of Scotch Whisky"
2737:. Academic Press. p.
2582:"Whiskey vs Whisky Series"
2119:Flavours from distillation
1966:
1922:
1828:
1805:
1782:
1735:
1685:
1670:
1638:
1617:
1583:
1495:
1469:
1276:
29:
7490:
7049:
7035:
6451:
6437:
5780:
5766:
5609:
5598:
5245:
4456:"Whisky Regions Scotland"
4329:Jackson, Michael (1994).
4154:"Irish Whiskey Act, 1980"
4074:www.amrutdistilleries.com
3922:MaClean, Charles (2008).
3868:"Distillerie des Menhirs"
3184:Whiskey: A Global History
3137:Whiskey: A Global History
3120:Whiskey: A Global History
3103:Whiskey: A Global History
3086:Whiskey: A Global History
3072:. Edible. Reaktion Books.
3069:Whiskey: A Global History
3053:Whiskey: A Global History
3036:Whiskey: A Global History
3019:Whiskey: A Global History
2495:Oxford English Dictionary
2274:(E150A) caramel colouring
2213:cis-3-methyl-4-octanolide
2079:, and oxygen-containing,
1956:Jim Murray's Whisky Bible
1940:, Scotland, to celebrate
1710:Scotch Whisky Association
1568:, from the island Funen (
1492:Various Canadian whiskies
730:By the 1880s, the French
486:Scotch Whisky Association
239:are also sometimes used.
44:
6893:Coconut and other palms
6265:Coconut and other palms
5636:History of Bordeaux wine
5479:Scotch Whisky Experience
5086:Smith, Gavin D. (2009).
4669:Alan J. Buglass (2011).
4254:Staff, words: VinePair.
3771:"The English Whisky Map"
3749:"Cornish take on Scotch"
2331:List of cocktails#Whisky
1769:single pot still whiskey
1608:brands of English whisky
1385:without naming a grain.
917:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
629:Kingdom of Great Britain
602:Old Bushmills Distillery
568:Guild of Barber Surgeons
5721:Drinking establishments
5048:Andrews, Allen (2002).
4482:"Scotch Whisky Regions"
4152:Government of Ireland.
3650:laws-lois.justice.gc.ca
2987:Magee, Malachy (2001).
2897:"The History of Whisky"
2215:, known as the "whisky
1825:Various Scotch whiskies
1590:Distillers operated in
1163:Auchentoshan Distillery
719:that mixed traditional
440:have increasingly used
336:
282:
276:
101:Pale gold to dark amber
32:Whisky (disambiguation)
6928:Sugarcane or molasses
6365:Sugarcane or molasses
5604:History and production
5505:Glencairn whisky glass
5474:Kentucky Bourbon Trail
5469:American Whiskey Trail
5426:Lincoln County Process
4538:. 2011. Archived from
4402:"So, Does Age Matter?"
4312:The Japan Times Online
3729:. Bt.dk. 22 March 2010
3524:The Chuck Cowdery Blog
3498:The Chuck Cowdery Blog
2729:Russell, Inge (2003).
2542:The Chuck Cowdery Blog
2518:The Chuck Cowdery Blog
2514:"Why Spelling Matters"
2204:
2081:heterocyclic compounds
1843:
1826:
1733:
1732:Various Irish whiskeys
1554:Another distillery is
1493:
1452:Lincoln County Process
1288:
1177:
1169:
902:, or fermenting vats.
694:(close to the British
683:
608:
573:Annals of Clonmacnoise
363:
342:
320:
294:
288:
215:. Whisky is typically
5651:History of Rioja wine
5515:List of whisky brands
5024:. Whisky for Everyone
4883:"Aromas and Flavours"
4593:World Whiskies Awards
3312:"Facts & Figures"
3268:"Facts & Figures"
2336:List of whisky brands
2202:
2059:compounds, alcohols,
1841:
1824:
1731:
1491:
1478:World Whiskies Awards
1397:neutral grain spirits
1286:
1175:
1156:
677:
600:
515:was practised by the
472:spelling throughout.
369:[ËÉŻÊkÊČÉËbÉhÉ]
354:[ËÉȘÊcÉËbÊČahÉ]
292:in Modern Irish, and
7362:Mammee apple flower
5641:History of Champagne
5121:at Wikimedia Commons
3898:Lifestyle Asia India
3874:on 17 September 2018
3827:The Spirits Business
3594:. Laws.justice.gc.ca
3415:collierandmckeel.com
3411:"Collier and McKeel"
1533:American Prohibition
1379:straight rye whiskey
922:asexual reproduction
588:James IV of Scotland
558:Ireland and Scotland
511:It is possible that
350:Irish pronunciation:
7412:Sugarcane/molasses
5855:Moscatel de SetĂșbal
5748:Yeast in winemaking
5736:Yeast in winemaking
5592:Alcoholic beverages
5421:Independent bottler
4964:Maarse, H. (1991).
4855:Maarse, H. (1991).
4836:on 19 December 2007
4802:Maarse, H. (1991).
4708:Maarse, H. (1991).
4630:on 25 November 2009
4287:on 17 December 2013
3990:Mail & Guardian
3961:Wall Street Journal
3900:. 21 September 2022
2903:on 25 January 2010.
2111:smoke to treat the
2041:distilled beverages
2039:Whiskies and other
1708:. According to the
1437:Benjamin Prichard's
1222:Blended malt whisky
978:, since it removes
648:American Revolution
392:Names and spellings
41:
5646:History of Chianti
5614:History of alcohol
5268:Other designations
5018:"Chill Filtration"
4889:on 18 October 2007
4599:on 23 January 2017
4568:on 14 October 2013
4498:. 16 January 2021.
4182:www.irishtimes.com
4101:The Economic Times
4024:. PTI. 12 May 2014
3800:www.whiskybase.com
3703:on 23 October 2012
3340:on 19 October 2013
2915:"What Is Whiskey?"
2767:thewhiskyguide.com
2380:on 23 January 2021
2298:non-chill filtered
2228:phenolic compounds
2205:
2167:1,1-diethoxyethane
2009:Us Heit Distillery
1876:Island single malt
1844:
1827:
1734:
1604:single malt whisky
1494:
1433:Collier and McKeel
1289:
1268:National varieties
1206:Single malt whisky
1178:
1170:
1013:Maturation (Aging)
684:
656:a large distillery
609:
61:Distilled beverage
7503:
7502:
7486:
7485:
7189:Chocolate liqueur
7150:Blackthorn shrub
7031:
7030:
7027:
7026:
6983:Various starches
6739:Tennessee whiskey
6433:
6432:
6429:
6428:
6400:Various starches
5762:
5761:
5758:
5757:
5656:History of Sherry
5558:
5557:
5510:List of cocktails
5399:Whisky production
5117:Media related to
5097:978-1-906476-03-8
5088:The AâZ of Whisky
5078:978-1-84973-150-8
5059:978-1-897784-84-6
5050:The Whisky Barons
4977:978-0-8247-8390-7
4925:978-3-540-40818-5
4868:978-0-8247-8390-7
4815:978-0-8247-8390-7
4752:978-3-540-40818-5
4721:978-0-8247-8390-7
4587:Paragraph.co.uk.
4460:The Plate Unknown
4340:978-0-7513-0146-5
4184:. 8 November 2013
4049:beveragedaily.com
4021:Business Standard
3941:978-0-7566-3349-3
3421:on 13 August 2011
3396:978-0-7710-2743-7
3002:978-0-86278-228-3
2963:"Whisky in India"
2748:978-0-12-669202-0
2708:978-90-04-00617-1
2618:on 3 January 2015
2368:Wisniewski, Ian.
2326:Outline of whisky
2288:Whisky is often "
2195:Flavours from oak
1980:Saint David's Day
1744:Cooley Distillery
1566:Nyborg Destilleri
1472:Australian whisky
1421:Tennessee whiskey
1407:alcohol by volume
1358:alcohol by volume
818:Grain preparation
774:
664:Whiskey Rebellion
652:George Washington
525:2nd millennium BC
172:
171:
159:Tennessee whiskey
77:Alcohol by volume
70:13thâ15th century
51:A glass of whisky
16:(Redirected from
7528:
7521:Distilled drinks
7110:Herbs de Majorca
7084:Anisado Mallorca
7037:
6839:American whiskey
6830:Multiple grains
6719:Buckwheat whisky
6453:
6439:
6212:Multiple grains
5782:
5773:Fermented drinks
5768:
5674:Alcohol industry
5611:
5600:
5585:
5578:
5571:
5562:
5550:Whisky with food
5368:Single pot still
5304:Whisky by region
5260:
5255:
5254:
5174:
5167:
5160:
5151:
5139:
5128:
5116:
5101:
5082:
5063:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5029:
5014:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5003:
4988:
4982:
4981:
4961:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4950:
4936:
4930:
4929:
4905:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4894:
4879:
4873:
4872:
4852:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4841:
4826:
4820:
4819:
4799:
4793:
4792:
4766:
4757:
4756:
4732:
4726:
4725:
4705:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4688:scotchwhisky.com
4680:
4674:
4667:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4646:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4626:. Archived from
4615:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4604:
4595:. Archived from
4584:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4573:
4564:. Archived from
4558:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4521:
4512:. Archived from
4506:
4500:
4499:
4492:
4486:
4485:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4462:. 18 August 2020
4452:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4434:"Whisky Regions"
4430:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4414:on 14 April 2011
4413:
4407:. Archived from
4406:
4398:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4378:. Archived from
4372:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4351:
4345:
4344:
4326:
4320:
4319:
4314:. Archived from
4303:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4266:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4240:
4226:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4209:@IrishWhiskeyAsc
4200:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4174:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4137:. Archived from
4131:
4125:
4124:
4112:
4106:
4105:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4012:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3992:. Archived from
3978:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3929:
3919:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3870:. Archived from
3864:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3844:. Archived from
3838:
3832:
3831:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3641:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3620:. 8 January 2012
3610:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3571:www.sice.oas.org
3563:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3463:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3443:. Archived from
3437:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3417:. Archived from
3407:
3401:
3400:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3359:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3336:. Archived from
3329:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3213:
3207:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3181:Kosar, Kevin R.
3178:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3134:Kosar, Kevin R.
3131:
3125:
3124:
3117:Kosar, Kevin R.
3114:
3108:
3107:
3100:Kosar, Kevin R.
3097:
3091:
3090:
3083:Kosar, Kevin R.
3080:
3074:
3073:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3050:Kosar, Kevin R.
3047:
3041:
3040:
3033:Kosar, Kevin R.
3030:
3024:
3023:
3016:Kosar, Kevin R.
3013:
3007:
3006:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2899:. Archived from
2893:
2884:
2883:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2825:
2819:
2816:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2792:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2736:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2692:
2675:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2649:
2641:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2614:. Archived from
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2533:
2522:
2521:
2509:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2376:. Archived from
2365:
2320:
2315:
2314:
2284:Chill filtration
2165:diethyl acetal (
2083:" and esters of
2061:carboxylic acids
1925:Taiwanese whisky
1763:, single grain,
1651:Buckwheat whisky
1626:alcohol monopoly
1383:straight whiskey
1341:Rye malt whiskey
1279:American whiskey
964:spirits receiver
958:distilled spirit
944:distiller's beer
787:
776:
775:
507:Early distilling
371:
366:
356:
351:
347:
339:
325:
297:
291:
285:
279:
272:Classical Gaelic
124:American whiskey
80:
49:
42:
21:
7536:
7535:
7531:
7530:
7529:
7527:
7526:
7525:
7506:
7505:
7504:
7499:
7482:
7451:CrĂšme de cassis
7446:CrĂšme de banane
7432:Various fruits
7301:CrĂšme de menthe
7062:CrĂšme de Noyaux
7045:
7023:
6865:
6849:Canadian whisky
6823:Kaoliang liquor
6729:Bourbon whiskey
6694:Japanese whisky
6674:
6643:Marillenschnaps
6619:Various fruits
6447:
6425:
6254:Agave americana
6242:
6016:
5971:Various fruits
5776:
5754:
5662:
5631:History of wine
5626:History of beer
5605:
5594:
5589:
5559:
5554:
5488:
5457:
5411:Chill filtering
5394:
5299:
5280:Bottled in bond
5263:
5256:
5249:
5243:
5183:
5178:
5109:
5104:
5098:
5085:
5079:
5066:
5060:
5047:
5043:
5041:Further reading
5038:
5037:
5027:
5025:
5016:
5015:
5011:
5001:
4999:
4990:
4989:
4985:
4978:
4963:
4962:
4958:
4948:
4946:
4938:
4937:
4933:
4926:
4918:. p. 383.
4907:
4906:
4902:
4892:
4890:
4881:
4880:
4876:
4869:
4854:
4853:
4849:
4839:
4837:
4828:
4827:
4823:
4816:
4801:
4800:
4796:
4789:
4768:
4767:
4760:
4753:
4745:. p. 936.
4734:
4733:
4729:
4722:
4707:
4706:
4702:
4692:
4690:
4682:
4681:
4677:
4668:
4664:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4647:
4643:
4633:
4631:
4624:The Independent
4617:
4616:
4612:
4602:
4600:
4586:
4585:
4581:
4571:
4569:
4560:
4559:
4555:
4545:
4543:
4542:on 30 July 2013
4534:
4533:
4529:
4519:
4517:
4516:on 2 April 2012
4508:
4507:
4503:
4494:
4493:
4489:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4465:
4463:
4454:
4453:
4449:
4439:
4437:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4404:
4400:
4399:
4395:
4385:
4383:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4359:
4357:
4353:
4352:
4348:
4341:
4328:
4327:
4323:
4318:on 28 May 2008.
4305:
4304:
4300:
4290:
4288:
4279:
4278:
4274:
4264:
4262:
4253:
4252:
4248:
4238:
4236:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4213:
4211:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4187:
4185:
4176:
4175:
4168:
4158:
4156:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4133:
4132:
4128:
4114:
4113:
4109:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4078:
4076:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4053:
4051:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4027:
4025:
4014:
4013:
4009:
3999:
3997:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3965:
3963:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3942:
3921:
3920:
3913:
3903:
3901:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3877:
3875:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3851:
3849:
3848:on 20 July 2011
3840:
3839:
3835:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3804:
3802:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3779:
3777:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3754:
3752:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3732:
3730:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3706:
3704:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3676:
3674:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3654:
3652:
3643:
3642:
3633:
3623:
3621:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3597:
3595:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3575:
3573:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3550:
3548:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3528:
3526:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3502:
3500:
3491:
3490:
3486:
3476:
3474:
3472:Chicago Tribune
3465:
3464:
3460:
3450:
3448:
3447:on 15 July 2011
3439:
3438:
3434:
3424:
3422:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3397:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3369:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3353:
3343:
3341:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3316:
3314:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3294:
3292:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3272:
3270:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3250:
3248:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3225:
3223:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3205:
3201:
3196:
3192:
3180:
3179:
3168:
3158:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3003:
2995:. p. 144.
2986:
2985:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2945:
2943:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2923:
2921:
2919:The Spruce Eats
2913:
2912:
2908:
2895:
2894:
2887:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2810:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2782:
2772:
2770:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2694:
2693:
2678:
2666:
2662:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2606:Zandona, Eric.
2605:
2604:
2600:
2590:
2588:
2580:Zandona, Eric.
2579:
2578:
2574:
2567:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2535:
2534:
2525:
2511:
2510:
2501:
2493:
2489:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2462:
2460:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2435:
2433:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2374:Whisky Magazine
2367:
2366:
2359:
2354:
2316:
2309:
2306:
2294:unchillfiltered
2286:
2270:Canadian whisky
2266:
2239:Bourbon whiskey
2197:
2121:
2105:
2037:
2032:
2015:, Netherlands.
1992:
1971:
1965:
1946:Whisky Magazine
1927:
1921:
1912:Mackmyra Whisky
1908:Skeppets whisky
1904:
1833:
1819:
1810:
1804:
1787:
1785:Japanese whisky
1781:
1765:blended whiskey
1740:
1726:
1698:neutral spirits
1690:
1684:
1675:
1669:
1643:
1637:
1622:
1616:
1588:
1582:
1556:Stauning Whisky
1541:
1500:
1498:Canadian whisky
1486:
1474:
1468:
1456:bourbon whiskey
1393:Blended whiskey
1303:Bourbon whiskey
1281:
1275:
1270:
1259:(also known as
1247:(also known as
1237:neutral spirits
1151:
1123:
1111:
1105:by distillers.
1078:bourbon whiskey
1015:
952:
908:
873:
865:
844:
820:
808:
807:
806:
805:
790:
789:
788:
779:
778:
777:
764:
757:
744:
672:
621:
578:Exchequer Rolls
560:
509:
504:
478:
394:
349:
340:, which became
300:Scottish Gaelic
256:
168:
149:Japanese whisky
134:Canadian whisky
129:Bourbon whiskey
75:
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Whisky Magazine
15:
12:
11:
5:
7534:
7532:
7524:
7523:
7518:
7508:
7507:
7501:
7500:
7498:
7497:
7491:
7488:
7487:
7484:
7483:
7481:
7480:
7479:
7478:
7470:
7469:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7430:
7429:
7428:
7420:
7419:
7418:
7410:
7409:
7408:
7403:
7395:
7394:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7370:
7369:
7368:
7360:
7359:
7358:
7353:
7345:
7344:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7315:
7314:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7280:
7279:
7278:
7270:
7269:
7268:
7263:
7255:
7254:
7253:
7248:
7240:
7239:
7238:
7233:
7225:
7224:
7223:
7215:
7214:
7213:
7203:
7202:
7201:
7193:
7192:
7191:
7183:
7182:
7181:
7175:Chili peppers
7173:
7172:
7171:
7166:
7164:Cherry Heering
7158:
7157:
7156:
7148:
7147:
7146:
7138:
7137:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7115:
7114:
7113:
7112:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7089:
7088:
7087:
7086:
7074:
7066:
7065:
7064:
7059:
7050:
7047:
7046:
7040:
7033:
7032:
7029:
7028:
7025:
7024:
7022:
7021:
7020:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6981:
6980:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6962:Seco Herrerano
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6926:
6925:
6924:
6916:
6915:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6891:
6890:
6889:
6884:
6873:
6871:
6867:
6866:
6864:
6863:
6862:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6828:
6827:
6826:
6813:
6812:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6793:
6792:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6774:Mixiang Baijiu
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6743:
6742:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6723:
6722:
6721:
6713:
6712:
6711:
6703:
6702:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6682:
6680:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6672:
6671:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6617:
6616:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6575:
6574:
6573:
6568:
6560:
6559:
6558:
6550:
6549:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6515:
6514:
6513:
6505:
6504:
6503:
6495:
6494:
6493:
6485:
6484:
6483:
6475:
6474:
6473:
6468:
6459:
6457:
6449:
6448:
6446:by ingredients
6442:
6435:
6434:
6431:
6430:
6427:
6426:
6424:
6423:
6422:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6398:
6397:
6396:
6391:
6383:
6382:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6363:
6362:
6361:
6353:
6352:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6328:
6327:
6326:
6318:
6317:
6316:
6308:
6307:
6306:
6298:
6297:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6263:
6262:
6261:
6250:
6248:
6244:
6243:
6241:
6240:
6239:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6210:
6209:
6208:
6200:
6199:
6198:
6190:
6189:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6075:
6074:
6073:
6068:
6060:
6059:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6035:
6034:
6033:
6024:
6022:
6018:
6017:
6015:
6014:
6013:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5969:
5968:
5967:
5959:
5958:
5957:
5949:
5948:
5947:
5939:
5938:
5937:
5929:
5928:
5927:
5919:
5918:
5917:
5909:
5908:
5907:
5899:
5898:
5897:
5889:
5888:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5834:
5833:
5832:
5824:
5823:
5822:
5814:
5813:
5812:
5807:
5799:
5798:
5797:
5788:
5786:
5778:
5777:
5775:by ingredients
5771:
5764:
5763:
5760:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5752:
5751:
5750:
5740:
5739:
5738:
5733:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5712:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5681:
5676:
5670:
5668:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5660:
5659:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5628:
5623:
5617:
5615:
5607:
5606:
5603:
5596:
5595:
5590:
5588:
5587:
5580:
5573:
5565:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5552:
5547:
5545:Whisky tasting
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5496:
5494:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5465:
5463:
5462:Whisky tourism
5459:
5458:
5456:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5443:Master blender
5440:
5439:
5438:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5402:
5400:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5371:
5370:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5324:
5323:
5318:
5307:
5305:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5271:
5269:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5261:
5246:
5244:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5209:
5208:
5207:
5202:
5191:
5189:
5185:
5184:
5179:
5177:
5176:
5169:
5162:
5154:
5148:
5147:
5133:
5122:
5108:
5107:External links
5105:
5103:
5102:
5096:
5083:
5077:
5064:
5058:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5022:Whiskey Basics
5009:
4983:
4976:
4956:
4931:
4924:
4911:Food Chemistry
4900:
4874:
4867:
4847:
4821:
4814:
4794:
4787:
4758:
4751:
4738:Food Chemistry
4727:
4720:
4700:
4675:
4662:
4641:
4610:
4579:
4553:
4527:
4501:
4487:
4473:
4447:
4425:
4393:
4382:on 3 July 2010
4367:
4346:
4339:
4321:
4298:
4272:
4246:
4221:
4195:
4166:
4144:
4141:on 5 May 2010.
4126:
4107:
4086:
4061:
4035:
4007:
3996:on 1 June 2008
3973:
3947:
3940:
3911:
3885:
3859:
3833:
3812:
3787:
3762:
3740:
3714:
3684:
3662:
3631:
3605:
3583:
3558:
3547:. Sice.oas.org
3536:
3510:
3484:
3458:
3432:
3402:
3395:
3377:
3351:
3324:
3302:
3280:
3258:
3233:
3208:
3199:
3190:
3166:
3143:
3126:
3109:
3092:
3075:
3059:
3042:
3025:
3008:
3001:
2979:
2953:
2931:
2906:
2885:
2868:
2851:
2820:
2808:
2780:
2769:. 27 July 2020
2754:
2747:
2721:
2707:
2676:
2660:
2629:
2598:
2572:
2566:978-0983638940
2565:
2547:
2523:
2499:
2487:
2470:
2443:
2417:
2391:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2305:
2302:
2290:chill filtered
2285:
2282:
2265:
2262:
2196:
2193:
2120:
2117:
2104:
2101:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
1991:
1988:
1967:Main article:
1964:
1961:
1953:in his guide,
1923:Main article:
1920:
1917:
1903:
1900:
1829:Main article:
1818:
1815:
1808:Mexican whisky
1806:Main article:
1803:
1800:
1783:Main article:
1780:
1777:
1736:Main article:
1725:
1722:
1686:Main article:
1683:
1680:
1671:Main article:
1668:
1665:
1639:Main article:
1636:
1633:
1620:Finnish whisky
1618:Main article:
1615:
1612:
1586:English whisky
1584:Main article:
1581:
1578:
1540:
1537:
1496:Main article:
1485:
1482:
1470:Main article:
1467:
1464:
1417:
1416:
1413:Spirit whiskey
1410:
1400:
1354:
1353:
1344:
1338:
1329:
1320:
1314:
1277:Main article:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1252:
1240:
1231:Blended whisky
1227:
1218:
1198:
1197:
1191:
1150:
1147:
1122:
1119:
1110:
1107:
1074:syringaldehyde
1014:
1011:
951:
948:
930:carbon dioxide
907:
904:
872:
869:
864:
861:
843:
840:
819:
816:
792:
791:
782:
781:
780:
762:
761:
760:
759:
758:
756:
753:
743:
740:
717:blended whisky
696:summer capital
671:
668:
620:
617:
559:
556:
508:
505:
503:
500:
477:
474:
393:
390:
306:with Germanic
255:
252:
170:
169:
167:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
139:English whisky
136:
131:
126:
120:
118:
114:
113:
107:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
91:
85:
84:
81:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
50:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7533:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7513:
7511:
7496:
7493:
7492:
7489:
7477:
7474:
7473:
7471:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7433:
7431:
7427:
7424:
7423:
7421:
7417:
7414:
7413:
7411:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7398:
7396:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7386:Grand Marnier
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7373:
7371:
7367:
7364:
7363:
7361:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7348:
7346:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7318:
7316:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7283:
7281:
7277:
7274:
7273:
7271:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7258:
7256:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7246:Cream liqueur
7244:
7243:
7241:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7228:
7226:
7222:
7219:
7218:
7216:
7212:
7209:
7208:
7207:
7204:
7200:
7197:
7196:
7194:
7190:
7187:
7186:
7184:
7180:
7177:
7176:
7174:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7161:
7159:
7155:
7152:
7151:
7149:
7145:
7142:
7141:
7139:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7111:
7108:
7107:
7106:
7105:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7085:
7082:
7081:
7080:
7079:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7069:
7067:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7054:
7052:
7051:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7034:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6984:
6982:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6929:
6927:
6923:
6920:
6919:
6917:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6894:
6892:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6879:
6878:
6875:
6874:
6872:
6868:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6831:
6829:
6824:
6820:
6817:
6816:
6814:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6796:
6794:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
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6752:
6750:
6747:
6746:
6744:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6726:
6724:
6720:
6717:
6716:
6714:
6710:
6707:
6706:
6704:
6700:
6699:Scotch whisky
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6689:Irish whiskey
6687:
6686:
6684:
6683:
6681:
6677:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6620:
6618:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
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6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6580:
6579:
6576:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6561:
6557:
6554:
6553:
6551:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6518:
6516:
6512:
6509:
6508:
6506:
6502:
6499:
6498:
6496:
6492:
6489:
6488:
6486:
6482:
6479:
6478:
6477:Cashew apple
6476:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6463:
6461:
6460:
6458:
6454:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6436:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6401:
6399:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6389:Fermented tea
6387:
6386:
6384:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6366:
6364:
6360:
6357:
6356:
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6350:
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6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6331:
6329:
6325:
6322:
6321:
6319:
6315:
6312:
6311:
6309:
6305:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6260:
6257:
6256:
6255:
6252:
6251:
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6245:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6207:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6197:
6194:
6193:
6191:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6171:Shaoxing wine
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6078:
6076:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6063:
6061:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6032:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6025:
6023:
6019:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5972:
5970:
5966:
5963:
5962:
5961:Prickly pear
5960:
5956:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5946:
5943:
5942:
5940:
5936:
5933:
5932:
5930:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5916:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5906:
5903:
5902:
5900:
5896:
5893:
5892:
5890:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5821:
5818:
5817:
5815:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5789:
5787:
5783:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5765:
5749:
5746:
5745:
5744:
5741:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5728:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5686:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5665:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5633:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5601:
5597:
5593:
5586:
5581:
5579:
5574:
5572:
5567:
5566:
5563:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5491:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5460:
5454:
5453:Whiskey thief
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5406:Cask strength
5404:
5403:
5401:
5397:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5302:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5285:Single barrel
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5266:
5259:
5258:Liquor portal
5253:
5248:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5213:
5210:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5196:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5186:
5182:
5175:
5170:
5168:
5163:
5161:
5156:
5155:
5152:
5146:at Wiktionary
5145:
5144:
5138:
5134:
5131:
5127:
5123:
5120:
5115:
5111:
5110:
5106:
5099:
5093:
5089:
5084:
5080:
5074:
5070:
5065:
5061:
5055:
5051:
5046:
5045:
5040:
5023:
5019:
5013:
5010:
4998:
4994:
4987:
4984:
4979:
4973:
4969:
4968:
4960:
4957:
4945:
4941:
4935:
4932:
4927:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4912:
4904:
4901:
4888:
4884:
4878:
4875:
4870:
4864:
4860:
4859:
4851:
4848:
4835:
4831:
4825:
4822:
4817:
4811:
4807:
4806:
4798:
4795:
4790:
4788:9781475752168
4784:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4754:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4739:
4731:
4728:
4723:
4717:
4713:
4712:
4704:
4701:
4689:
4685:
4679:
4676:
4672:
4666:
4663:
4651:
4645:
4642:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4614:
4611:
4598:
4594:
4590:
4583:
4580:
4567:
4563:
4557:
4554:
4541:
4537:
4531:
4528:
4515:
4511:
4505:
4502:
4497:
4491:
4488:
4483:
4477:
4474:
4461:
4457:
4451:
4448:
4435:
4429:
4426:
4410:
4403:
4397:
4394:
4381:
4377:
4371:
4368:
4356:
4350:
4347:
4342:
4336:
4332:
4325:
4322:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4302:
4299:
4286:
4282:
4276:
4273:
4261:
4257:
4250:
4247:
4235:
4231:
4225:
4222:
4210:
4206:
4199:
4196:
4183:
4179:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4155:
4148:
4145:
4140:
4136:
4130:
4127:
4122:
4118:
4111:
4108:
4103:
4102:
4097:
4090:
4087:
4075:
4071:
4065:
4062:
4050:
4046:
4039:
4036:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4011:
4008:
3995:
3991:
3988:
3984:
3977:
3974:
3962:
3958:
3951:
3948:
3943:
3937:
3933:
3928:
3927:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3899:
3895:
3889:
3886:
3873:
3869:
3863:
3860:
3847:
3843:
3837:
3834:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3816:
3813:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3788:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3750:
3744:
3741:
3728:
3726:
3718:
3715:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3672:
3666:
3663:
3651:
3647:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3619:
3615:
3609:
3606:
3593:
3587:
3584:
3572:
3568:
3562:
3559:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3525:
3521:
3514:
3511:
3499:
3495:
3488:
3485:
3473:
3469:
3462:
3459:
3446:
3442:
3436:
3433:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3406:
3403:
3398:
3392:
3388:
3381:
3378:
3365:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3339:
3335:
3328:
3325:
3313:
3306:
3303:
3290:
3284:
3281:
3269:
3262:
3259:
3247:
3243:
3237:
3234:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3194:
3191:
3186:
3185:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3154:
3153:"Whiskey 101"
3147:
3144:
3139:
3138:
3130:
3127:
3122:
3121:
3113:
3110:
3105:
3104:
3096:
3093:
3088:
3087:
3079:
3076:
3071:
3070:
3063:
3060:
3055:
3054:
3046:
3043:
3038:
3037:
3029:
3026:
3021:
3020:
3012:
3009:
3004:
2998:
2994:
2993:O'Brien press
2990:
2983:
2980:
2968:
2964:
2957:
2954:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2907:
2902:
2898:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2881:
2880:
2872:
2869:
2864:
2863:
2855:
2852:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2824:
2821:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2755:
2750:
2744:
2740:
2735:
2734:
2725:
2722:
2710:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2674:, p. 376-389.
2673:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2602:
2599:
2587:
2583:
2576:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2558:
2551:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2519:
2515:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2488:
2483:
2482:
2474:
2471:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2418:
2406:
2402:
2395:
2392:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2318:Liquor portal
2313:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2201:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2176:The diketone
2174:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2135:, are mildly
2134:
2130:
2126:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2034:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1831:Scotch whisky
1823:
1816:
1814:
1809:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1786:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1739:
1738:Irish whiskey
1730:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1688:Indian whisky
1681:
1679:
1674:
1673:German whisky
1666:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1641:French whisky
1634:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1621:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1517:Canadian Club
1514:
1509:
1506:
1499:
1490:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1473:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1429:George Dickel
1426:
1425:Jack Daniel's
1422:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1403:Light whiskey
1401:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1348:
1347:Wheat whiskey
1345:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1285:
1280:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1261:single barrel
1258:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1244:Cask strength
1241:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1189:malted barley
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1174:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1132:Isle of Islay
1129:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1102:angel's share
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1070:vanillic acid
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1046:concentration
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1003:
999:
995:
994:Column stills
991:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
968:
966:
965:
960:
959:
949:
947:
945:
941:
940:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
918:
913:
905:
903:
901:
897:
896:
891:
890:
885:
881:
878:
870:
868:
862:
860:
858:
854:
850:
841:
839:
838:the grains.
837:
833:
829:
825:
817:
815:
813:
804:
800:
796:
786:
754:
752:
749:
741:
739:
737:
733:
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
711:patented the
710:
709:Aeneas Coffey
705:
702:
700:
697:
693:
689:
681:
680:Erskine Nicol
676:
669:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
625:Acts of Union
623:In 1707, the
618:
616:
614:
607:
606:County Antrim
603:
599:
595:
593:
589:
585:
583:
579:
575:
574:
569:
565:
557:
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
536:
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
506:
501:
499:
497:
493:
492:
491:Scotch whisky
487:
483:
475:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:George Dickel
447:
443:
438:
434:
433:United States
430:
427:is common in
426:
423:The spelling
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
391:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
346:
345:
338:
333:
329:
324:
323:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
296:
290:
284:
278:
273:
269:
268:anglicisation
265:
261:
253:
251:
249:
245:
240:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
191:
188:
184:
181:is a type of
180:
176:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
154:Scotch whisky
152:
150:
147:
145:
144:Irish whiskey
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
121:
119:
115:
111:
108:
104:
100:
96:
93:80 and higher
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
73:
69:
65:
62:
59:
55:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
6858:
6734:Corn whiskey
6638:Himbeergeist
6491:Kirschwasser
6253:
5951:Pomegranate
5845:Marsala wine
5840:Madeira wine
5731:Simple syrup
5726:Fermentation
5716:Distillation
5535:Uisce beatha
5212:Grain whisky
5205:Blended malt
5188:Whisky types
5180:
5142:
5087:
5068:
5049:
5026:. Retrieved
5021:
5012:
5000:. Retrieved
4996:
4986:
4966:
4959:
4947:. Retrieved
4943:
4934:
4910:
4903:
4891:. Retrieved
4887:the original
4877:
4857:
4850:
4838:. Retrieved
4834:the original
4824:
4804:
4797:
4770:
4737:
4730:
4710:
4703:
4691:. Retrieved
4687:
4678:
4665:
4653:. Retrieved
4644:
4632:. Retrieved
4628:the original
4623:
4613:
4601:. Retrieved
4597:the original
4592:
4582:
4570:. Retrieved
4566:the original
4556:
4544:. Retrieved
4540:the original
4530:
4520:11 September
4518:. Retrieved
4514:the original
4504:
4490:
4476:
4466:29 September
4464:. Retrieved
4459:
4450:
4438:. Retrieved
4428:
4416:. Retrieved
4409:the original
4396:
4384:. Retrieved
4380:the original
4370:
4358:. Retrieved
4349:
4330:
4324:
4316:the original
4311:
4301:
4289:. Retrieved
4285:the original
4275:
4263:. Retrieved
4259:
4249:
4237:. Retrieved
4233:
4224:
4212:. Retrieved
4208:
4198:
4186:. Retrieved
4181:
4157:. Retrieved
4147:
4139:the original
4129:
4121:The Guardian
4120:
4110:
4099:
4089:
4077:. Retrieved
4073:
4064:
4052:. Retrieved
4048:
4038:
4026:. Retrieved
4019:
4010:
3998:. Retrieved
3994:the original
3987:South Africa
3976:
3964:. Retrieved
3960:
3950:
3925:
3902:. Retrieved
3897:
3888:
3876:. Retrieved
3872:the original
3862:
3850:. Retrieved
3846:the original
3836:
3825:
3815:
3803:. Retrieved
3799:
3790:
3778:. Retrieved
3774:
3765:
3753:. Retrieved
3751:. 1 May 2003
3743:
3731:. Retrieved
3724:
3717:
3705:. Retrieved
3701:the original
3696:
3687:
3675:. Retrieved
3665:
3653:. Retrieved
3649:
3622:. Retrieved
3618:Scotsman.com
3617:
3608:
3596:. Retrieved
3586:
3574:. Retrieved
3570:
3561:
3549:. Retrieved
3539:
3527:. Retrieved
3523:
3513:
3501:. Retrieved
3497:
3487:
3475:. Retrieved
3471:
3461:
3449:. Retrieved
3445:the original
3435:
3423:. Retrieved
3419:the original
3414:
3405:
3386:
3380:
3368:. Retrieved
3342:. Retrieved
3338:the original
3327:
3317:11 September
3315:. Retrieved
3305:
3293:. Retrieved
3283:
3273:11 September
3271:. Retrieved
3261:
3249:. Retrieved
3245:
3236:
3224:. Retrieved
3220:
3211:
3202:
3193:
3183:
3157:. Retrieved
3146:
3136:
3129:
3119:
3112:
3102:
3095:
3085:
3078:
3068:
3062:
3052:
3045:
3035:
3028:
3018:
3011:
2988:
2982:
2970:. Retrieved
2966:
2956:
2944:. Retrieved
2934:
2922:. Retrieved
2918:
2909:
2901:the original
2878:
2871:
2861:
2854:
2837:
2833:
2823:
2799:. Retrieved
2771:. Retrieved
2766:
2757:
2732:
2724:
2712:. Retrieved
2697:
2671:
2668:
2663:
2651:. Retrieved
2620:. Retrieved
2616:the original
2611:
2601:
2589:. Retrieved
2585:
2575:
2556:
2550:
2541:
2517:
2494:
2490:
2480:
2473:
2461:. Retrieved
2455:
2446:
2434:. Retrieved
2429:
2420:
2408:. Retrieved
2404:
2394:
2382:. Retrieved
2378:the original
2373:
2341:On the rocks
2297:
2293:
2287:
2267:
2243:
2225:
2206:
2190:
2175:
2163:acetaldehyde
2157:
2122:
2106:
2073:polyphenolic
2071:, and other
2038:
2017:
2008:
2005:Frysk Hynder
2003:
1993:
1972:
1969:Welsh whisky
1954:
1945:
1928:
1907:
1905:
1872:
1849:
1845:
1834:
1811:
1788:
1773:
1748:column still
1741:
1718:
1691:
1676:
1662:
1659:
1647:Glann ar Mor
1644:
1623:
1589:
1564:
1553:
1549:
1542:
1510:
1501:
1475:
1418:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1370:
1355:
1323:Malt whiskey
1317:Corn whiskey
1305:: made from
1297:
1293:cereal grain
1290:
1260:
1254:
1249:barrel proof
1248:
1242:
1229:
1220:
1210:
1204:
1199:
1194:Grain whisky
1187:â made from
1179:
1144:
1124:
1112:
1100:
1098:
1026:American oak
1023:
1016:
998:grain whisky
992:
984:distillation
969:
962:
956:
953:
950:Distillation
943:
937:
915:
909:
906:Fermentation
899:
893:
887:
874:
866:
848:
845:
821:
812:fermentation
809:
802:
794:
745:
742:20th century
729:
713:Coffey still
706:
703:
685:
670:19th century
660:Mount Vernon
645:
622:
619:18th century
610:
586:
577:
571:
561:
537:
529:
513:distillation
510:
495:
489:
481:
479:
469:
465:
461:
458:Old Forester
454:Maker's Mark
445:
441:
436:
424:
422:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
395:
385:
384:(1621), and
381:
377:
373:
364:uisge beatha
344:uisce beatha
332:Middle Irish
311:
307:
263:
259:
257:
248:distillation
241:
178:
174:
173:
164:Welsh whisky
36:
7397:Star anise
7291:Bénédictine
7251:Irish cream
6987:Aguardiente
6932:Aguardiente
6804:Rye whiskey
6314:Ginger wine
6031:Barley wine
5995:Mulled wine
5945:Plum jerkum
5915:Lychee wine
5905:Longan wine
5830:Bokbunja-ju
5820:Bignay wine
5810:Banana wine
5805:Banana beer
5679:Bathtub gin
5448:Spirit safe
5290:Small batch
5200:Single malt
5195:Malt whisky
4944:TopWhiskies
4830:"June 2007"
4079:29 December
4054:29 December
3966:29 December
3805:6 September
3780:6 September
3755:29 December
3655:29 December
3624:2 September
3576:29 December
3251:12 November
3226:12 November
2972:29 December
2924:29 December
2773:29 December
2252:tasted and
2209:oak barrels
2085:fatty acids
2075:compounds,
1999:Isle of Man
1995:ManX Spirit
1942:Burns Night
1868:Campbeltown
1761:single malt
1558:, based in
1529:rum runners
1513:Crown Royal
1445:sugar maple
1332:Rye whiskey
1256:Single cask
1211:single-cask
1185:Malt whisky
1142:each year.
1054:colouration
1038:evaporation
801:distillery
799:Glenfiddich
748:Prohibition
746:During the
613:Renaissance
544:monasteries
540:Ramon Llull
521:Mesopotamia
517:Babylonians
337:uisce betha
310:and Slavic
106:Ingredients
7510:Categories
7456:Limoncello
7391:Triple sec
7366:Eau créole
7336:Irish Mist
7321:BÀrenjÀger
7276:Frangelico
7206:Cloudberry
7185:Chocolate
7169:Maraschino
6715:Buckwheat
6628:Eau de vie
5931:Pineapple
5895:Duhat wine
5891:Java plum
5885:White wine
5743:Winemaking
5667:Production
5540:Viscimetry
5328:Australian
4893:8 December
4840:8 December
4693:6 December
4603:4 December
4546:10 January
4418:17 January
4188:8 November
4159:8 December
3370:17 January
3366:. CBC News
3295:17 January
2840:: 67â100.
2653:17 October
2612:EZdrinking
2586:EZdrinking
2352:References
2235:scopoletin
2129:fusel oils
2063:and their
2053:flavouring
2043:, such as
1951:Jim Murray
1466:Australian
1159:pot stills
1050:filtration
1034:extraction
1030:French oak
1007:azeotropic
755:Production
736:phylloxera
725:pot stills
564:aqua vitae
532:Alexandria
494:or simply
378:usquebaugh
374:uskebeaghe
328:translated
322:aqua vitae
219:in wooden
185:made from
89:Proof (US)
67:Introduced
7441:Cedratine
7406:Sassolino
7376:Cointreau
7296:BrennivĂn
7272:Hazelnut
7236:Tia Maria
7195:Cinnamon
7179:Pertsivka
7144:Bierlikör
6947:Desi daru
6709:Bierbrand
6603:Tsikoudia
6566:Slivovitz
6466:Applejack
6344:Kabarawan
6320:Galangal
6274:Palm wine
6151:Rice wine
6131:Makgeolli
6066:Oshikundu
5985:Hippocras
5870:Rosé wine
5860:Port wine
5826:Bokbunja
5699:Lautering
5520:Moonshine
5500:Cranachan
5436:Sour mash
5416:Finishing
5385:Taiwanese
5321:Tennessee
5217:Buckwheat
4997:The Verge
4634:26 August
4572:6 October
4360:25 August
3904:7 October
3677:1 January
3221:oec.world
2801:6 January
2701:. BRILL.
2622:3 January
2591:3 January
2125:congeners
2097:pyrazines
2093:picolines
2089:pyridines
2030:Chemistry
2013:Friesland
1997:from the
1919:Taiwanese
1757:Connemara
1596:Liverpool
1521:Seagram's
1366:moonshine
1215:port wine
1109:Packaging
1058:aldehydes
1042:oxidation
988:pot still
934:congeners
900:washbacks
721:pot still
707:In 1831,
666:erupted.
654:operated
641:moonshine
637:excisemen
418:recognise
414:recognize
382:usquebath
258:The word
254:Etymology
225:white oak
187:fermented
7466:Sloe gin
7461:Schnapps
7426:Licor 43
7422:Vanilla
7416:Charanda
7347:Juniper
7326:Drambuie
7261:Advocaat
7217:Coconut
7154:Patxaran
7093:Anisette
7072:Absinthe
7057:Amaretto
7042:Liqueurs
6907:Lambanog
6815:Sorghum
6754:Cheongju
6608:Tsipouro
6552:Juniper
6526:Armagnac
6471:Calvados
6414:Parakari
6394:Kombucha
6294:Tunggang
6269:Bahalina
6236:Huangjiu
6202:Sorghum
6156:RÆ°á»Łu cáș§n
6121:Gwaha-ju
6056:TesgĂŒino
5980:Dubonnet
5975:Conditum
5965:Colonche
5880:Vermouth
5865:Red wine
5850:Mistelle
5493:See also
5375:Japanese
5333:Canadian
5311:American
5295:Straight
5232:Rye malt
5028:21 March
4916:Springer
4743:Springer
4440:28 April
4291:15 April
4260:VinePair
3878:4 August
3733:15 April
3707:15 April
3598:15 April
3551:15 April
3425:15 March
3246:Statista
2946:15 April
2846:25508737
2304:See also
2278:American
2254:measured
2232:coumarin
2186:brandies
2178:diacetyl
2141:charcoal
2077:terpenes
2057:carbonyl
2035:Overview
1864:Speyside
1852:Highland
1779:Japanese
1753:Unpeated
1702:molasses
1655:Plomelin
1484:Canadian
1448:charcoal
1443:through
1441:filtered
1377:, e.g.,
1374:straight
1273:American
1167:Scotland
1130:and the
1128:Speyside
1066:vanillin
1064:such as
884:dextrins
877:diastase
824:starches
803:(bottom)
633:malt tax
582:John Cor
552:smallpox
435:, while
431:and the
388:(1715).
386:usquebae
380:(1610),
376:(1581),
266:) is an
117:Variants
7472:Walnut
7436:Campari
7381:Curaçao
7372:Orange
7356:Jenever
7341:Krupnik
7286:Aquavit
7227:Coffee
7199:Tentura
7160:Cherry
7134:Sambuca
7119:Mastika
7103:Hierbas
7077:Anisado
7053:Almond
7002:Horilka
6992:Akvavit
6942:Clairin
6937:Cachaça
6887:Tequila
6764:Lao-Lao
6749:Awamori
6685:Barley
6679:Cereals
6668:Schnaps
6658:PĂĄlinka
6648:Nalewka
6613:Zivania
6546:Zivania
6487:Cherry
6444:Liquors
6310:Ginger
6146:Pangasi
6106:Choujiu
6086:Amazake
6062:Millet
6051:Tejuino
6027:Barley
6021:Cereals
6010:Sangria
5935:Tepache
5911:Lychee
5901:Longan
5816:Bignay
5801:Banana
5694:Malting
5689:Brewery
5684:Brewing
5343:Finnish
5338:English
5316:Bourbon
5275:Blended
4949:11 July
4386:14 July
4214:13 June
3926:Whiskey
3852:22 July
3344:12 June
3159:14 July
2714:29 June
2452:"uisce"
2436:20 July
2410:20 July
2384:20 July
2258:gravity
2248:on the
2223:aroma.
2221:coconut
2217:lactone
2159:Acetals
2133:ethanol
2069:tannins
2026:casks.
2024:Marsala
1930:Kavalan
1902:Swedish
1856:Lowland
1802:Mexican
1792:Suntory
1614:Finnish
1600:Bristol
1580:English
1574:organic
1560:Jutland
1544:Denmark
1525:Wiser's
1505:caramel
1226:whisky.
1157:Copper
1136:tourism
1121:Exports
1082:charred
1002:bourbon
926:alcohol
889:mashtun
871:Mashing
863:Milling
849:kilning
842:Malting
836:mashing
832:milling
828:malting
688:Kasauli
523:in the
502:History
442:whiskey
429:Ireland
425:whiskey
402:whiskey
304:origins
270:of the
264:whiskey
179:whiskey
112:, water
7516:Whisky
7476:Nocino
7401:Pastis
7331:Glayva
7317:Honey
7311:Unicum
7306:Metaxa
7282:Herbs
7266:Eggnog
7242:Cream
7231:KahlĂșa
7221:Malibu
7068:Anise
7012:ShĆchĆ«
7007:PoitĂn
6997:Bangla
6977:Tharra
6918:Dairy
6902:Laksoy
6897:Arrack
6882:Mezcal
6859:Whisky
6854:ShĆchĆ«
6844:Baijiu
6819:Baijiu
6809:Starka
6779:Shochu
6769:Lihing
6759:Cholai
6725:Maize
6623:Brandy
6588:Grappa
6583:Chacha
6578:Pomace
6536:Cognac
6531:Brandy
6517:Grape
6511:Boukha
6497:Dates
6462:Apple
6419:Ibwatu
6409:Chicha
6355:Sugar
6330:Honey
6300:Dairy
6259:Pulque
6206:PendhÄ
6126:Hariya
6116:Dansul
6096:Beopju
6071:Tongba
6000:Nabidh
5875:Sherry
5836:Grape
5791:Apple
5525:PoitĂn
5380:Scotch
5358:Indian
5353:German
5348:French
5181:Whisky
5143:whisky
5130:Whisky
5119:Whisky
5094:
5075:
5056:
5002:24 May
4974:
4922:
4865:
4812:
4785:
4749:
4718:
4655:19 May
4337:
4265:9 June
4239:9 June
4028:12 May
4000:14 May
3938:
3934:â265.
3529:9 July
3503:9 July
3477:6 June
3451:9 July
3393:
2999:
2844:
2745:
2705:
2669:Osiris
2563:
2463:24 May
2346:PoitĂn
2182:vodkas
2171:sherry
2145:gravel
2065:esters
2045:cognac
2020:Glurns
1934:Taiwan
1894:, and
1892:Orkney
1817:Scotch
1682:Indian
1667:German
1635:French
1598:, and
1592:London
1539:Danish
1523:, and
1435:, and
1327:barley
1094:sherry
1072:, and
1052:, and
980:sulfur
976:copper
932:, and
880:enzyme
732:brandy
699:Shimla
592:Dundee
496:Scotch
482:whisky
476:Scotch
470:whisky
462:whisky
456:, and
446:whisky
437:whisky
410:colour
398:whisky
260:whisky
244:spirit
237:sherry
211:, and
201:barley
197:malted
183:liquor
175:Whisky
98:Colour
79:
40:Whisky
7211:Lakka
7140:Beer
7017:Vodka
6967:Sulai
6952:Guaro
6922:Arkhi
6912:Sotol
6877:Agave
6870:Other
6789:Sulai
6745:Rice
6705:Beer
6663:Rakia
6633:Geist
6598:Orujo
6571:ÈuicÄ
6562:Plum
6541:Pisco
6501:Araqi
6456:Fruit
6404:Cauim
6379:Palek
6374:Intus
6359:Kilju
6339:Byais
6324:Byais
6304:Kumis
6289:Tuhak
6247:Other
6196:Kvass
6186:Tapuy
6181:Tapai
6176:Sonti
6141:Mirin
6136:Mijiu
6111:Chuak
6081:Agkud
6077:Rice
6046:Pozol
6041:Mageu
6037:Corn
6005:Pruno
5990:Jabol
5955:Rimon
5941:Plum
5925:Perry
5921:Pear
5795:Cider
5785:Fruit
5709:Yeast
5530:Skalk
5390:Welsh
5363:Irish
5237:Wheat
4412:(PDF)
4405:(PDF)
3697:Dr.dk
2842:JSTOR
2648:(PDF)
2405:Punch
2246:orbit
2153:linen
2151:, or
2137:toxic
1990:Other
1963:Welsh
1938:Leith
1880:Arran
1860:Islay
1796:Nikka
1724:Irish
1714:Amrut
1694:India
1460:NAFTA
1362:proof
1351:wheat
1311:maize
1217:cask.
1149:Types
1062:acids
972:still
912:yeast
795:(top)
692:Solan
548:colic
412:; or
406:color
359:Irish
357:) in
330:into
316:Latin
308:water
295:uisge
289:uisce
283:uisge
277:uisce
274:word
221:casks
213:wheat
190:grain
7495:List
7257:Egg
7129:Rakı
7124:Ouzo
7098:Arak
6972:Sura
6799:Korn
6795:Rye
6784:Soju
6653:Oghi
6593:Marc
6521:Arak
6507:Fig
6481:Feni
6385:Tea
6369:Basi
6349:Mead
6334:Bais
6284:TubĂą
6279:Tuak
6231:Boza
6226:Beer
6192:Rye
6166:Sato
6161:Sake
6101:Brem
5704:Wort
5431:Mash
5222:Corn
5092:ISBN
5073:ISBN
5054:ISBN
5030:2013
5004:2016
4972:ISBN
4951:2022
4920:ISBN
4895:2007
4863:ISBN
4842:2007
4810:ISBN
4783:ISBN
4747:ISBN
4716:ISBN
4695:2018
4657:2009
4636:2009
4605:2016
4574:2014
4548:2014
4522:2011
4468:2020
4442:2019
4420:2019
4388:2010
4362:2007
4335:ISBN
4293:2013
4267:2020
4241:2020
4234:Time
4216:2019
4190:2013
4161:2018
4081:2022
4056:2022
4030:2014
4002:2014
3968:2022
3936:ISBN
3906:2022
3880:2017
3854:2009
3807:2024
3782:2024
3757:2022
3735:2013
3725:B.T.
3709:2013
3679:2013
3657:2022
3626:2012
3600:2013
3578:2022
3553:2013
3531:2017
3505:2017
3479:2019
3453:2017
3427:2023
3391:ISBN
3372:2014
3346:2013
3319:2023
3297:2014
3275:2023
3253:2023
3228:2023
3161:2017
2997:ISBN
2974:2022
2967:mint
2948:2013
2926:2022
2803:2010
2775:2022
2743:ISBN
2716:2010
2703:ISBN
2655:2008
2624:2015
2593:2015
2561:ISBN
2465:2024
2438:2022
2412:2022
2386:2022
2149:sand
2127:and
2113:malt
2109:peat
2095:and
2047:and
1896:Skye
1888:Mull
1884:Jura
1866:and
1794:and
1767:and
1629:Alko
1307:mash
1086:port
1060:and
1028:and
1019:cask
939:wash
895:wort
857:peat
853:malt
834:and
550:and
416:and
408:and
400:and
361:and
312:voda
280:(or
262:(or
229:port
217:aged
205:corn
193:mash
110:Malt
57:Type
7351:Gin
6957:Rum
6834:Ara
6556:Gin
6221:Ara
6216:Ale
6091:Apo
5227:Rye
4775:doi
3932:254
2838:108
2296:or
2049:rum
1706:rum
1570:Fyn
1336:rye
1165:in
1161:at
1140:GVA
1115:abv
1092:or
1090:rum
942:or
658:at
519:in
334:as
318:as
298:in
235:or
233:rum
209:rye
177:or
7512::
5020:.
4995:.
4942:.
4914:.
4781:.
4761:^
4741:.
4686:.
4622:.
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