Knowledge (XXG)

Whittle Rock

Source 📝

1752:, where living organisms swim, float or drift, and the food chain starts with phytoplankton, the mostly microscopic photosynthetic organisms that convert the energy of sunlight into organic material which feeds everything else, directly or indirectly. In temperate seas there are distinct seasonal cycles of phytoplankton growth, based on the available nutrients and the available sunlight. Either can be a limiting factor. Phytoplankton tend to thrive where there is plenty of light, and they themselves are a major factor in restricting light penetration to greater depths, so the photosynthetic zone tends to be shallower in areas of high productivity. Zooplankton feed on the phytoplankton, and are in turn eaten by larger animals. The larger pelagic animals are generally faster moving and more mobile, giving them the option of changing depth to feed or to avoid predation, and to move to other places in search of a better food supply. 1745:
depending on depth, weather conditions, and exposure of the area. This means that sessile organisms must be specifically adapted to areas of relatively loose substrate to thrive in them, and the variety of species found on a sandy or gravel bottom will depend on all these factors. Sandy bottoms have one important compensation for their instability, animals can burrow into the sand and move up and down within its layers, which can provide feeding opportunities and protection from predation. Other species can dig themselves holes in which to shelter, or may feed by filtering water drawn through the tunnel, or by extending body parts adapted to this function into the water above the sand.
121: 340: 1732:
but are often high profile in the metre scale, so they provide macro-variations in habitat from relatively horizontal upper surface, near vertical sides, to overhangs, holes and tunnels, on a similar scale to the boulders and outcrops themselves. There are relatively few small crevices compared to the overall surface area, except in areas with many small boulders. The coastline in this region was considerably lower during the most recent ice-ages, and the detail topography of the reef was largely formed during the period of exposure above sea level.
285: 352:
month, may be available at dive shops or from dive boat operators who operate in an MPA. A personal recreational scuba diving permit is valid in all South African MPAs where recreational diving is allowed. The business permit to operate recreational scuba business operations in an MPA is restricted to a specific MPA. Diving for commercial or scientific purposes is also subject to permit. Whittle Rock has a number of recreational dive sites which have been identified by position and named. Some of them are listed here (north to south):
129: 20: 2282: 6382: 6414: 6372: 6404: 6393: 1825:
Alison A.; Krug, Marjolaine; Lamberth, Stephen J.; Omardien, Aaniyah; Pitcher, Grant C.; Rautenbach, Christo; Robinson, Tamara B.; Rouault, Mathieu; Ryan, Peter G.; Shillington, Frank A.; Sowman, Merle; Sparks, Conrad C.; Turpie, Jane K.; van Niekerk, Lara; Waldron, Howard N.; Yeld, Eleanor M.; Kirkman, Stephen P. (2019).
50:. The reef rises from a sandy bottom at about 40 m, to a minimum depth of 3.2 m, and is a well known fishing site and recreational diving area. It has an area of about 1 km, and can affect the waves at the shore in Kalk Bay in special conditions of a long southeasterly swell. It is marked by a 351:
of False Bay, including some on the Whittle Rock reef, are in the Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area. A permit is required to scuba dive in any MPA in South Africa. These permits are valid for a year and are available at some branches of the Post Office. Temporary permits, valid for a
139:
Minimum depth according to the chart is 3.2 m at low tide, and maximum depth at the edge of the reef is about 42 m in the south. Almost the entire reef is above 40 m, the maximum depth for most recreational diving, Most of the reef is above 30 m, the general limit for recreational
292:
Whittle Rock is a significant navigational hazard due to its depth and position, though very few large ships enter the bay, as fishing is limited and it is off the shipping lanes. However False Bay is occasionally used for shelter in storms. The reef is marked by a cardinal east buoy, with sound and
105:
The contiguous reef is a bit over 1 km east to west, and a bit under 1 km north to south. There are several outliers in the order of 100 m size range, within 100m of the main reef, and a lot more that are smaller. Several other granite outcrops and clusters of smaller size and greater
224:
There are areas of rubble, gravel, pebbles, and shell along the edges of the reef, with much of the pebbled area to the north, but the surrounding surficial unconsolidated material is predominantly fine sand at depths from 30 to 42 m. There are also scattered sand patches in locally low areas,
1731:
The type of rock of the reef influences the range of possibilities for the local topography, which in turn influences the range of habitats provided, and therefore the diversity of inhabitants. Granite corestone reefs generally have a relatively smooth surface in the centimetre to decimetre scale,
1707:
is at E 018°15.000'. which passes through Whittle Rock reef. Extraction and harvesting of marine life, and other activities, are allowed on condition that one has a valid permit allowing one or more of the following specific activities: spear fishing, angling, scuba diving, snorkelling for mollusc
1686:
which extends from Cape Point to the Mbashe river over the continental shelf, in the overlap zone between Cape Agulhas and Cape Point where the warm Agulhas Current and the cooler South Atlantic waters mix. This ecoregion has the highest number of South African endemics, and is a breeding area for
1824:
Pfaff, Maya C.; Logston, Renae C.; Raemaekers, Serge J. P. N.; Hermes, Juliet C.; Blamey, Laura K.; Cawthra, Hayley C.; Colenbrander, Darryl R.; Crawford, Robert J. M.; Day, Elizabeth; du Plessis, Nicole; Elwen, Simon H.; Fawcett, Sarah E.; Jury, Mark R.; Karenyi, Natasha; Kerwath, Sven E.; Kock,
1782:
The benthic communities are typical of offshore reefs of the region, and are distributed largely according to depth, slope, rugosity and exposure to illumination and water motion, which is mainly wave motion, and to a lesser extent, wind induced current, which is variable over the short term. The
1716:
There are three major types of habitat in the vicinity of the reef, based on type of substrate, the base on or in which benthic organisms can settle and anchor themselves. Rocky reefs provide a firm fixed substrate for the attachment of plants and animals. Sandy bottoms are a relatively unstable
2151:
Sink, K; Holness, S; Harris, L; Majiedt, P; Atkinson, L; Robinson, T; Kirkman, S; Hutchings, L; Leslie, R; Lamberth, S; Kerwath, S; von der Heyden, S; Lombard, A; Attwood, C; Branch, G; Fairweather, T.; Taljaard, S.; Weerts, S.; Cowley, P.; Awad, A.; Halpern, B.; Grantham, H; Wolf, T. (2012).
1744:
Sandy bottoms superficially appear to be fairly barren areas, as they lack the stability to support many of the spectacular reef based benthic species, and the variety of large organisms is relatively low. The sand is frequently being moved around by wave action, to a greater or lesser degree
221:, in directions which tend to be characteristic of the location, and weathering and erosion has accentuated these joints, in places widening them to form deep gullies. The general direction and spacing of joints in some areas is fairly consistent over quite large areas. 1727:
In general, marine organisms are not particular about the material of the substrate if the texture and strength is suitable and it is not toxic. For many marine organisms the substrate is another type of marine organism, and it is common for several layers to co-exist.
147:
The reef comprises a series of primary ridges with approximately northwest–southeast alignment, and secondary jointing across the main ridges, with associated relatively narrow gullies in a generally north–south direction, as can be seen from the multibeam sonar image.
293:
light signals. The seas occasionally break over the top of the reef, but the shallow area is small and not easily seen in a rough sea. The reef is marked by a Cardinal East marker moored at S34°14.876' E18°33.709', about 50 m south of the main pinnacle.
205:
Though initially intruded at great depth, prolonged erosion eventually exposed the granite at the surface, and it and what remains of the similarly eroded Malmesbury group now form a basement upon which younger sedimentary rocks of the
2066: 2072:(Report). Vol. Phase 5: Full investigation of alongshore features of vulnerability on the City of Cape Town coastline, and their incorporation into the City of Cape Town Geographic Information System (GIS). 1761: 3097: 1708:
extraction, boating, commercial diving, salvage operations, scientific research, commercial fishing, whale watching, shark cage diving or filming. Specific conditions apply to each of these activities.
1765: 1735:
Kelp forests are a variation of rocky reefs, as the kelp requires a fairly strong and stable substrate which can withstand the loads of repeated waves dragging on the kelp plants. The Split-fan kelp
1683: 276:, both of which are reported to have sunk after striking the reef, but the positions of their wrecks are not recorded, though there are several large anchors of appropriate age known on the reef. 1773: 1769: 1777: 217:. The colour is generally pale to medium grey, and the surface is typically fairly rough, with clearly visible crystals, and no layered structure. The massive rock is cracked on 3008: 2285: 1741:
grows mostly on deeper reefs, where there is not so much competition from the sea bamboo. Both these kelp species provide food and shelter for a variety of other organisms.
174:
about 630 million years ago as molten rock and crystallised deep in the earth, but has since then been exposed by prolonged erosion. The characteristic spheroidal shapes of
3073: 2685: 2267: 1704: 1700: 334: 2318: 6441: 251:, took the earliest recorded soundings, and described the islands, reefs and shoreline of the bay. By the end of the 17th century the general bathymetry was known. 3043: 1804:
The fish life also varies a bit with depth, and can vary seasonally and with weather and water conditions, such as temperature, visibility, and light levels.
1717:
substrate and cannot anchor many benthic organisms. Open water, above the substrate and clear of the kelp forest, is where the organisms must drift or swim.
4062: 2084:"Government Notice 695: Marine Living Resources Act (18/1998): Notice declaring the Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area under section 43" 1827:"A synthesis of three decades of socio-ecological change in False Bay, South Africa: setting the scene for multidisciplinary research and management" 1919:"Recreational diving services — Requirements for the training of recreational scuba divers — Part 2: Level 2 — Autonomous diver (ISO 24801-2)" 3748: 2130: 1645: 1612: 1579: 1546: 1513: 1480: 1447: 1414: 1381: 1348: 1315: 1282: 1249: 1216: 1183: 1150: 1117: 1084: 1050: 1017: 983: 950: 917: 884: 851: 818: 785: 752: 719: 688: 657: 624: 591: 558: 525: 492: 459: 426: 393: 360: 77: 4223: 3092: 2311: 2236: 1954: 1902: 6446: 2525: 1922: 6260: 3119: 3063: 2458: 6375: 4030: 2957: 2513: 2498: 2386: 2354: 3033: 2695: 2211: 2025: 6397: 243:
was stationed at the Cape and was instructed to survey False Bay, but it is not known how much was done before they were recalled.
6407: 6386: 6178: 5934: 4092: 2304: 1748:
The pelagic water column is the major part of the living space at sea. This is the water between the surface and the top of the
120: 2901: 63: 6183: 5991: 3810: 3114: 1795:, particularly on the flatter upper surfaces, while deeper, steeper faces may have a heavy cover of the elegant feather star 5996: 2763: 178:
boulders are a result of preferential weathering along intersecting fractures and are well displayed above sea level around
2153: 140:
diving, and a fairly large amount above 18 m, the usual limit for most entry level scuba certification to ISO 24801-2
5089: 3631: 3048: 2159:(Report). Vol. 4: Marine and Coastal Component. Pretoria: South African National Biodiversity Institute. p. 325. 339: 128: 6275: 5684: 3942: 3058: 2896: 2610: 254:
The Whittle Rock reef is named after a lieutenant Whittle of the Royal Navy, who surveyed parts of False Bay after HMS
5398: 4153: 3991: 2858: 259: 3659: 2937: 2104: 284: 4894: 4769: 3565: 2906: 2625: 5607: 5376: 3674: 2886: 2012: 322: 6419: 6071: 5570: 5153: 5134: 4901: 4738: 4497: 4324: 3803: 3666: 3244: 2645: 2952: 6026: 5786: 5730: 5698: 5368: 5354: 5346: 5233: 5005: 4998: 4800: 4411: 4396: 3695: 3184: 3028: 2508: 2463: 2327: 1720:
The benthic habitat types for Whittle Rock according to the National Biodiversity Assessment are hard inner
348: 2138:
South African National Spatial Biodiversity Assessment 2004: Technical Report Vol. 4 Marine Component DRAFT
1971: 6343: 6235: 6133: 5816: 5801: 5691: 5545: 5521: 5430: 5195: 5066: 4980: 4916: 4467: 4332: 4015: 3926: 3557: 3502: 3207: 3053: 2863: 2640: 2401: 2083: 133: 6255: 5659: 5291: 5226: 5127: 4932: 4870: 4807: 4593: 4168: 4085: 3984: 3681: 3652: 3638: 3379: 2448: 2428: 2421: 321:
Whittle Rock is a well known area for artisanal and recreational line fishing, and a moderately popular
2680: 2650: 2291: 35: 19: 6338: 6056: 5869: 5600: 5462: 5446: 5298: 5248: 5187: 5012: 4854: 4761: 4658: 4382: 4107: 4007: 3734: 3509: 3420: 3364: 2605: 2261: 1797: 207: 157: 6328: 5952: 5895: 5763: 5578: 5390: 4973: 4784: 4642: 4546: 4175: 3969: 3910: 3725: 3573: 3394: 3192: 2942: 2600: 2493: 2396: 6413: 6313: 5778: 5771: 5628: 5470: 5210: 5058: 4846: 4792: 4692: 4530: 4308: 4282: 4260: 3934: 3847: 3817: 3710: 3645: 3588: 3581: 3487: 3472: 3263: 3256: 3236: 3215: 2916: 2803: 2488: 1688: 244: 186:. Close up, the granite is a coarse-grained rock consisting of large (2–5 cm) white or pink 51: 6348: 6323: 6318: 6163: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6036: 5615: 5537: 5485: 5477: 5277: 5240: 5081: 5042: 5035: 4700: 4452: 4419: 4207: 4099: 4054: 3999: 3887: 3372: 3314: 3292: 3222: 2793: 2783: 2555: 2545: 2232: 2207: 2021: 1993: 1950: 1918: 1898: 1791: 1785: 1737: 1721: 163: 1897:. Pretoria: Geological Survey, Department of Mineral and Energy Affairs, Government Printer. 6250: 6168: 6138: 6061: 6001: 5962: 5830: 5745: 5665: 5643: 5529: 5513: 5506: 5454: 5438: 5361: 5339: 5312: 5202: 4950: 4650: 4238: 4124: 3532: 3343: 3285: 3278: 2947: 2911: 2808: 2768: 2758: 2710: 2468: 2371: 1983: 1848: 1838: 247:, appointed commander of the station in 1679, sailed False Bay in November 1687 on the ship 213:
Almost all the exposed granite has been extensively weathered and is in the form of rounded
171: 141: 106:
depth exist in the vicinity. The official depth of the top of the reef is 3.2m below datum.
6270: 6240: 6173: 6148: 6143: 6096: 6066: 6021: 5957: 5406: 5120: 5112: 4753: 4687: 4679: 4460: 4274: 4267: 4230: 4077: 4070: 3703: 3611: 3539: 3307: 2873: 2660: 2635: 2595: 2575: 2540: 218: 5074: 183: 71: 2281: 5986: 5903: 5593: 5104: 5097: 4862: 4746: 4627: 4619: 4570: 4404: 4138: 3977: 3777: 3755: 3740: 3517: 3402: 3249: 3229: 3109: 2700: 2670: 2655: 2590: 2478: 2411: 67: 2067:
Global Climate Change and Adaptation: City of Cape Town sea-level rise risk assessment
6435: 6193: 6153: 6091: 6016: 6011: 5979: 5650: 5383: 5284: 5172: 5028: 4908: 4730: 4611: 4515: 4482: 4476: 4389: 4215: 4146: 4130: 4023: 3903: 3825: 3762: 3624: 3457: 3336: 2891: 2843: 2833: 2813: 2753: 2675: 2615: 2585: 2565: 2530: 2051:, English East India ship, struck Whittle Rock in False Bay and went down. p 31, HMS 266: 6333: 6285: 6051: 6046: 5823: 5706: 4965: 4822: 4707: 4634: 4577: 4562: 4554: 4316: 4254: 3879: 3872: 3865: 3595: 3480: 3442: 3428: 3357: 3351: 3299: 3199: 3018: 3013: 2921: 2838: 2828: 2818: 2743: 2630: 2483: 2433: 2359: 1749: 47: 43: 5942: 2438: 2171: 6353: 6280: 6158: 6041: 6006: 5969: 5723: 5499: 5422: 5263: 4838: 4585: 4538: 4523: 4437: 4301: 4115: 4047: 3840: 3832: 3717: 3603: 3321: 3152: 3124: 3104: 2976: 2967: 2823: 2798: 2788: 2580: 2518: 2443: 2391: 2366: 309:
causing the south-easterly winds to blow for an unusually long time over enough
306: 2105:"Standard positions for SeaKeys dive sites: Dive sites of the Cape Town region" 162:
Whittle Rock and the other reefs of this part of False Bay are outcrops of the
6230: 6203: 6198: 6106: 6031: 5888: 5862: 5849: 5809: 5793: 5637: 5492: 5331: 5050: 5020: 4830: 4815: 4776: 4715: 4445: 4160: 3950: 3918: 3688: 3464: 3449: 3435: 3387: 3328: 3068: 2881: 2715: 2620: 2560: 2550: 2376: 310: 1997: 1660: 1647: 1627: 1614: 1594: 1581: 1561: 1548: 1528: 1515: 1495: 1482: 1462: 1449: 1429: 1416: 1396: 1383: 1363: 1350: 1330: 1317: 1297: 1284: 1264: 1251: 1231: 1218: 1198: 1185: 1165: 1152: 1132: 1119: 1099: 1086: 1065: 1052: 1032: 1019: 998: 985: 965: 952: 932: 919: 899: 886: 866: 853: 833: 820: 800: 787: 767: 754: 734: 721: 703: 690: 672: 659: 639: 626: 606: 593: 573: 560: 540: 527: 507: 494: 474: 461: 441: 428: 408: 395: 375: 362: 92: 79: 6101: 5947: 5738: 5586: 5414: 5218: 5180: 4924: 4672: 4245: 3617: 3271: 3038: 3023: 2848: 2473: 2406: 2264: – Geological formations and their history in the vicinity of Cape Town 2255: 234: 214: 179: 167: 115: 39: 31: 1988: 2296: 2270: – Marine conservation area around the Cape Peninsula in South Africa 1687:
many species. The transition between the Agulhas ecoregion and the cooler
6245: 5622: 5563: 5256: 4957: 4878: 4723: 4665: 4199: 3796: 3769: 3495: 3086: 2773: 2748: 2570: 2381: 1843: 1826: 302: 301:
The reef at Whittle Rock can focus longer period south-easterly waves on
199: 187: 313:
to develop a sea sufficiently for it to be refracted by the shoal area.
6265: 5305: 5270: 4183: 3895: 3526: 2853: 2778: 2690: 2665: 2453: 2416: 175: 1853: 335:
Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area § Scuba diving
6188: 5974: 5857: 4491: 4374: 4366: 4358: 4350: 3176: 3168: 3079: 2535: 2349: 191: 2227:
Branch, G.M.; Branch, M.L.; Griffiths, C.L.; Beckley, L.E. (2010).
2705: 1859:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0)
338: 283: 127: 119: 18: 2503: 1893:
Theron, J.N.; Gresse, P.G.; Siegfried, H.P.; Rogers, J. (1992).
1762:
List of marine invertebrates of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay
195: 6302: 6219: 6123: 5925: 3141: 3098:
List of shipwrecks in the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary
2997: 2732: 2338: 2300: 2014:
A Traditional Way of Life – The story of the Kalk Bay Fishermen
265:
There are two shipwrecks associated with the reef: The British
1801:. Below about 25 m, the proportion of sponges increases. 1766:
List of marine vertebrates of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay
1724:
on the reef, and sandy inner shelf on the surrounding sand.
198:, and occasionally containing inclusions of dark Malmesbury 2047:
Ref: L.G. Green, 1965, "Almost Fogotten, Never Told" p32,
1895:
Explanation sheet 3318 – The Geology of the Cape Town Area
1774:
List of brown seaweeds of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay
1770:
List of green seaweeds of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay
2229:
Two Oceans: a guide to the marine life of southern Africa
1778:
List of red seaweeds of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay
1691:
is at Cape Point, on the western boundary of False Bay.
2154:
National Biodiversity Assessment 2011: Technical Report
1783:
shallower areas tend to be dominated by split-fan kelp
1682:
False Bay is at the extreme western end of the inshore
225:
and these often have a relatively high shell content.
2161:
Note: This is the full document, with numbered pages.
3009:
Bullhead Point Historical and Archeological District
2286:
Diving the Cape Peninsula and False Bay/Whittle Rock
1879:(Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978. 5881: 5842: 5756: 5716: 5677: 5556: 5324: 5165: 5146: 4991: 4943: 4887: 4604: 4508: 4430: 4343: 4294: 4192: 4040: 3962: 3858: 3789: 3550: 3413: 3161: 2966: 2930: 2872: 3074:Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area 2686:Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area 2268:Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area 2129:Sink, K.; Harris, J.; Lombard, A. (October 2004). 1819: 1817: 1705:Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area 2258: – Bay of the Atlantic Ocean at South Africa 2206:(3rd impression ed.). Cape Town: C. Struik. 1213:South east pinnacle chain (Neptune's bath plug): 23:Multibeam sonar map of Whittle rock and surrounds 2055:Struck Whittle Rock in False Bay and went down. 1976:South African Journal of Science and Technology 62:Whittle Rock is about 8 km to the east of 2197: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2189: 1940: 1938: 343:Recreational scuba diving at Whittle Rock reef 258:was damaged off Miller's Point soon after the 2312: 1972:"Fisiese Oseanografie in Valsbaai: 'n Oorsig" 8: 1888: 1886: 2131:Appendix 1. South African marine bioregions 6403: 6299: 6216: 6120: 5922: 3158: 3138: 3044:Maritime Heritage Trail – Battle of Saipan 2994: 2869: 2729: 2335: 2319: 2305: 2297: 2231:(2nd ed.). Cape Town: Struik Nature. 1871: 1869: 1867: 1865: 288:East cardinal buoy at Whittle Rock in 2021 1987: 1852: 1842: 1510:Grant's Spike (South-western pinnacles): 1411:Wreckless Rock and the Little Labyrinth: 1970:Gründlingh, M.L.; Largier, J.L. (1988). 305:. This is unusual and associated with a 6442:Underwater diving sites in South Africa 1813: 16:Granite reef in False Bay, South Africa 2292:Multibeam sonar images of Whittle Rock 2045:. Cape Town: Atlantic Underwater Club. 2011:Stibbe, George R.; Moss, Iain (1998). 1947:The Rocks & Mountains of Cape Town 3093:Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary 2020:. Cape Town: G.R. Stibbe. p. 5. 1831:Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 7: 6392: 2526:John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park 2204:The Living Shores of Southern Africa 1047:Whittle Rock Western Reef Pinnacle: 980:Whittle Rock (Shallowest pinnacle): 260:first British occupation of the Cape 74:, on the west side of False Bay, at 6261:National Diving and Activity Centre 3120:Whitefish Point Underwater Preserve 3064:Robben Island Marine Protected Area 2459:Dhilba Guuranda-Innes National Park 2202:Branch, G.M.; Branch, M.L. (1985). 124:Bathymetry of the Whittle Rock reef 6376:Outline of recreational dive sites 2958:Molinere Underwater Sculpture Park 2514:iSimangaliso Marine Protected Area 2499:Guadalupe Island Biosphere Reserve 2387:Arrecifes de Cozumel National Park 2355:Aliwal Shoal Marine Protected Area 1147:Whittle Rock South-east Pinnacle: 621:Whittle Rock North-west Pinnacle: 14: 2696:Tsitsikamma Marine Protected Area 2065:Brundrit, Geoff (December 2009). 6412: 6408:Index of recreational dive sites 6402: 6398:Category:Recreational dive sites 6391: 6381: 6380: 6370: 5935:Cave diving regions of the world 2280: 1312:M&M Tower (the Spark plug): 6371: 2043:Shipwrecks of the Southern Cape 2041:Rawe, J.; Crabtree, A. (1978). 5992:Cocklebiddy, Western Australia 3115:Western Rocks, Isles of Scilly 54:with sound and light signals. 1: 3049:Michigan Underwater Preserves 555:North-west corner pinnacles: 297:Influence on wave propagation 132:False Bay Bathymetry from SA 66:which is on the coast of the 6276:Slickstones Quarry, Cromhall 3059:Porteau Cove Provincial Park 2611:Porteau Cove Provincial Park 2288:travel guide from Wikivoyage 1699:The eastern boundary of the 1477:Mossie's Cave and pinnacle: 1378:Bus Stop (the Gnarly wall): 947:Whittle Rock West Pinnacle: 6447:Reefs of the Atlantic Ocean 5997:Devil's Throat at Punta Sur 2859:Stingray City, Grand Cayman 2764:Devil's Throat at Punta Sur 1949:. Cape Town: Double Story. 489:East Ridge North Pinnacle: 307:cut-off low pressure system 170:that was intruded into the 116:False Bay § Bathymetry 6463: 4065:General Hoyt S. Vandenberg 2626:Ras Muhammad National Park 2140:(Report). pp. 97–109. 1759: 1609:Labyrinth South Pinnacle: 1011:, about 8 km offshore 332: 239:In 1672 the Dutch warship 232: 155: 113: 6366: 6309: 6298: 6226: 6215: 6130: 6119: 5932: 5921: 3148: 3137: 3034:Shipwrecks of Isle Royale 3004: 2993: 2887:Gibraltar Artificial Reef 2739: 2728: 2345: 2334: 1945:Compton, John S. (2004). 834:34.00410694°S 18.561100°E 456:Riaan and Sven's anchor: 323:recreational scuba diving 110:Bathymetry and topography 6420:Portal:Underwater diving 6072:Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich 3245:Agat World War II Amtrac 2938:Cancún Underwater Museum 2646:San Pedro Nolasco Island 2172:"Marine Protected Areas" 1684:Agulhas marine ecoregion 1678:Ecology and conservation 235:False Bay § History 6387:Underwater diving sites 3029:Edmonds Underwater Park 2509:Hol Chan Marine Reserve 2464:Edmonds Underwater Park 2328:Recreational dive sites 1789:and red-bait ascidians 1661:34.251717°S 18.560050°E 1628:34.250800°S 18.560100°E 1595:34.250067°S 18.559667°E 1562:34.250050°S 18.557417°E 1529:34.249850°S 18.557500°E 1496:34.249533°S 18.557000°E 1463:34.249467°S 18.561133°E 1430:34.249150°S 18.561783°E 1397:34.249083°S 18.559550°E 1364:34.249050°S 18.560267°E 1331:34.249050°S 18.559150°E 1298:34.248917°S 18.563067°E 1265:34.248850°S 18.561967°E 1232:34.248617°S 18.562550°E 1199:34.248333°S 18.560583°E 1166:34.248117°S 18.562917°E 1133:34.247867°S 18.557567°E 1100:34.247600°S 18.561933°E 1066:34.247600°S 18.554483°E 1033:34.247500°S 18.558467°E 999:34.247433°S 18.561900°E 966:34.247400°S 18.561367°E 933:34.247067°S 18.555300°E 900:34.247167°S 18.564650°E 867:34.246667°S 18.552667°E 839:-34.00410694; 18.561100 801:34.246350°S 18.562000°E 768:34.246283°S 18.562233°E 735:34.246383°S 18.563250°E 704:34.246383°S 18.563167°E 673:34.246267°S 18.563350°E 640:34.246083°S 18.560367°E 607:34.246033°S 18.559583°E 574:34.245833°S 18.558033°E 541:34.245833°S 18.553333°E 508:34.245700°S 18.564050°E 475:34.245583°S 18.559833°E 442:34.245067°S 18.562717°E 409:34.244783°S 18.560200°E 376:34.244167°S 18.552083°E 349:recreational dive sites 329:Recreational dive sites 190:crystals, glassy brown 93:34.247433°S 18.561900°E 6344:Underwater archaeology 6236:Capernwray Dive Centre 6134:Blue Hole (New Mexico) 3583:Captain Keith Tibbetts 3125:Wreck Alley, San Diego 3054:Pearl and Hermes Atoll 2402:Biscayne National Park 1989:10.4102/satnt.v7i3.914 344: 289: 136: 134:Council for Geoscience 125: 24: 6256:Hotel Terme Millepini 6125:Freshwater dive sites 2449:Cliff Villa Peninsula 2429:Cahuita National Park 2422:Bunaken National Park 2174:. World Wildlife Fund 1760:Further information: 1666:-34.251717; 18.560050 1642:Deep South Pinnacle: 1633:-34.250800; 18.560100 1600:-34.250067; 18.559667 1567:-34.250050; 18.557417 1534:-34.249850; 18.557500 1501:-34.249533; 18.557000 1468:-34.249467; 18.561133 1435:-34.249150; 18.561783 1402:-34.249083; 18.559550 1369:-34.249050; 18.560267 1336:-34.249050; 18.559150 1303:-34.248917; 18.563067 1270:-34.248850; 18.561967 1237:-34.248617; 18.562550 1204:-34.248333; 18.560583 1171:-34.248117; 18.562917 1138:-34.247867; 18.557567 1105:-34.247600; 18.561933 1071:-34.247600; 18.554483 1038:-34.247500; 18.558467 1014:Whaleback Pinnacles: 1004:-34.247433; 18.561900 971:-34.247400; 18.561367 938:-34.247067; 18.555300 905:-34.247167; 18.564650 872:-34.246667; 18.552667 806:-34.246350; 18.562000 773:-34.246283; 18.562233 740:-34.246383; 18.563250 709:-34.246383; 18.563167 678:-34.246267; 18.563350 645:-34.246083; 18.560367 612:-34.246033; 18.559583 579:-34.245833; 18.558033 546:-34.245833; 18.553333 513:-34.245700; 18.564050 480:-34.245583; 18.559833 447:-34.245067; 18.562717 414:-34.244783; 18.560200 381:-34.244167; 18.552083 342: 287: 131: 123: 98:-34.247433; 18.561900 22: 6339:Scuba diving tourism 6179:Ponce de Leon Spring 3735:Cornelia B. Windiate 2999:Wreck diving regions 2902:Port Noarlunga jetty 2606:Poor Knights Islands 2262:Geology of Cape Town 1844:10.1525/elementa.367 1798:Tropiometra carinata 1444:Table Top pinnacle: 1078:, inside the TMNPMPA 881:Criss-cross Cracks: 357:North-west Passage: 208:Table Mountain Group 194:and flakes of black 158:Geology of Cape Town 6329:Recreational diving 5953:Blue Hole (Red Sea) 5818:William C. Moreland 2943:Christ of the Abyss 2931:Underwater artworks 2641:San Andrés (island) 2601:Petit Saint Vincent 2494:Great Southern Reef 2397:Belize Barrier Reef 2340:Reef diving regions 2093:: 3–9. 4 June 2004. 1877:SAN 1016 - Valsbaai 1657: /  1624: /  1591: /  1558: /  1525: /  1492: /  1459: /  1426: /  1393: /  1360: /  1345:Cave Complex reef: 1327: /  1294: /  1279:Georgina's anchor: 1261: /  1228: /  1195: /  1162: /  1129: /  1096: /  1062: /  1029: /  995: /  962: /  929: /  896: /  863: /  830: /  797: /  764: /  731: /  700: /  669: /  654:Euphrates anchors: 636: /  603: /  570: /  537: /  504: /  471: /  438: /  405: /  372: /  317:Economic importance 280:Navigational hazard 89: /  58:Location and extent 6314:Black-water diving 5129:President Coolidge 3929:Empress of Ireland 3676:Chester A. Congdon 3654:City of Launceston 2953:Kristu tal-Baħħara 2917:South Channel Fort 2804:Hillsea Point Rock 2681:St. Crispin's Reef 2489:Great Barrier Reef 2091:Government Gazette 1689:Benguela ecoregion 588:September anchor: 345: 290: 245:Simon van der Stel 137: 126: 52:cardinal east buoy 25: 6429: 6428: 6362: 6361: 6349:Underwater diving 6324:Low impact diving 6319:Blue-water diving 6294: 6293: 6211: 6210: 6164:Homestead caldera 6115: 6114: 6087:Uamh an Claonaite 6082:Sistema Sac Actun 6077:Sistema Ox Bel Ha 6037:Piccaninnie Ponds 6027:Molnár János Cave 5938:Cave dive sites: 5917: 5916: 5913: 5912: 5449:Selah Chamberlain 5235:Robert C. Pringle 4660:Mikhail Lermontov 4384:James Eagan Layne 3994:Francisco Morazan 3633:Christina Nilsson 3382:Arthur W. Radford 3133: 3132: 2989: 2988: 2985: 2984: 2897:Port Hughes jetty 2794:Fowey Rocks Light 2784:Frederiksted Pier 2724: 2723: 2546:Mantanani Islands 2238:978-1-77007-772-0 1956:978-1-919930-70-1 1904:978-0-621-14284-6 1792:Pyura stolonifera 1786:Laminaria pallida 1738:Laminaria pallida 164:Peninsula Granite 36:navigation hazard 6454: 6416: 6406: 6405: 6395: 6394: 6384: 6383: 6374: 6373: 6300: 6251:Eccleston Quarry 6217: 6169:Little Blue Lake 6139:Blue Lake (Utah) 6121: 6062:Sistema Dos Ojos 6002:Engelbrecht Cave 5963:Blue Hole (Guam) 5923: 5472:South Australian 5061:Pietermaritzburg 4240:Herzogin Cecilie 4155:Grace A. Channon 4125:Glen Strathallan 3159: 3143:Wreck dive sites 3139: 2995: 2948:Circle of Heroes 2912:Shark River Reef 2882:Edithburgh jetty 2874:Artificial reefs 2870: 2809:Inland Sea, Gozo 2769:Elphinstone Reef 2730: 2711:Wakatobi Regency 2469:El Ikhwa Islands 2336: 2321: 2314: 2307: 2298: 2284: 2243: 2242: 2224: 2218: 2217: 2199: 2184: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2168: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2148: 2142: 2141: 2135: 2126: 2120: 2119: 2117: 2115: 2101: 2095: 2094: 2088: 2080: 2074: 2073: 2071: 2062: 2056: 2046: 2038: 2032: 2031: 2019: 2008: 2002: 2001: 1991: 1978:(in Afrikaans). 1967: 1961: 1960: 1942: 1933: 1932: 1930: 1929: 1915: 1909: 1908: 1890: 1881: 1880: 1873: 1860: 1858: 1856: 1846: 1821: 1672: 1671: 1669: 1668: 1667: 1662: 1658: 1655: 1654: 1653: 1650: 1639: 1638: 1636: 1635: 1634: 1629: 1625: 1622: 1621: 1620: 1617: 1606: 1605: 1603: 1602: 1601: 1596: 1592: 1589: 1588: 1587: 1584: 1573: 1572: 1570: 1569: 1568: 1563: 1559: 1556: 1555: 1554: 1551: 1540: 1539: 1537: 1536: 1535: 1530: 1526: 1523: 1522: 1521: 1518: 1507: 1506: 1504: 1503: 1502: 1497: 1493: 1490: 1489: 1488: 1485: 1474: 1473: 1471: 1470: 1469: 1464: 1460: 1457: 1456: 1455: 1452: 1441: 1440: 1438: 1437: 1436: 1431: 1427: 1424: 1423: 1422: 1419: 1408: 1407: 1405: 1404: 1403: 1398: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1389: 1386: 1375: 1374: 1372: 1371: 1370: 1365: 1361: 1358: 1357: 1356: 1353: 1342: 1341: 1339: 1338: 1337: 1332: 1328: 1325: 1324: 1323: 1320: 1309: 1308: 1306: 1305: 1304: 1299: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1290: 1287: 1276: 1275: 1273: 1272: 1271: 1266: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1257: 1254: 1246:Flash pinnacle: 1243: 1242: 1240: 1239: 1238: 1233: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1224: 1221: 1210: 1209: 1207: 1206: 1205: 1200: 1196: 1193: 1192: 1191: 1188: 1180:Whaleback Rock: 1177: 1176: 1174: 1173: 1172: 1167: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1158: 1155: 1144: 1143: 1141: 1140: 1139: 1134: 1130: 1127: 1126: 1125: 1122: 1111: 1110: 1108: 1107: 1106: 1101: 1097: 1094: 1093: 1092: 1089: 1077: 1076: 1074: 1073: 1072: 1067: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1058: 1055: 1044: 1043: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1034: 1030: 1027: 1026: 1025: 1022: 1010: 1009: 1007: 1006: 1005: 1000: 996: 993: 992: 991: 988: 977: 976: 974: 973: 972: 967: 963: 960: 959: 958: 955: 944: 943: 941: 940: 939: 934: 930: 927: 926: 925: 922: 911: 910: 908: 907: 906: 901: 897: 894: 893: 892: 889: 878: 877: 875: 874: 873: 868: 864: 861: 860: 859: 856: 845: 844: 842: 841: 840: 835: 831: 828: 827: 826: 823: 812: 811: 809: 808: 807: 802: 798: 795: 794: 793: 790: 779: 778: 776: 775: 774: 769: 765: 762: 761: 760: 757: 749:Billy's anchor: 746: 745: 743: 742: 741: 736: 732: 729: 728: 727: 724: 715: 714: 712: 711: 710: 705: 701: 698: 697: 696: 693: 684: 683: 681: 680: 679: 674: 670: 667: 666: 665: 662: 651: 650: 648: 647: 646: 641: 637: 634: 633: 632: 629: 618: 617: 615: 614: 613: 608: 604: 601: 600: 599: 596: 585: 584: 582: 581: 580: 575: 571: 568: 567: 566: 563: 552: 551: 549: 548: 547: 542: 538: 535: 534: 533: 530: 519: 518: 516: 515: 514: 509: 505: 502: 501: 500: 497: 486: 485: 483: 482: 481: 476: 472: 469: 468: 467: 464: 453: 452: 450: 449: 448: 443: 439: 436: 435: 434: 431: 423:Shards Cluster: 420: 419: 417: 416: 415: 410: 406: 403: 402: 401: 398: 390:Kelly's Anchor: 387: 386: 384: 383: 382: 377: 373: 370: 369: 368: 365: 210:were deposited. 172:Malmesbury Group 142:autonomous diver 104: 103: 101: 100: 99: 94: 90: 87: 86: 85: 82: 6462: 6461: 6457: 6456: 6455: 6453: 6452: 6451: 6432: 6431: 6430: 6425: 6358: 6305: 6290: 6271:Seacrest Cove 2 6241:Deep Dive Dubai 6222: 6207: 6174:Logue Brook Dam 6149:Dorothea quarry 6144:Dinorwic quarry 6126: 6111: 6097:Wakulla Springs 6067:Sistema Huautla 6022:Kilsby sinkhole 5958:Great Blue Hole 5928: 5927:Cave dive sites 5909: 5877: 5838: 5773:Walter L M Russ 5752: 5712: 5673: 5552: 5320: 5197:Rainbow Warrior 5161: 5142: 5137:Prince of Wales 4987: 4939: 4883: 4695:Margaret Olwill 4600: 4504: 4426: 4339: 4290: 4188: 4072:George A. Marsh 4036: 3958: 3937:Erie L. Hackley 3854: 3849:Dwight L. Moody 3785: 3647:City of Everett 3612:Carthaginian II 3590:Carl D. Bradley 3546: 3409: 3258:Albert C. Field 3217:Admiral Sampson 3157: 3144: 3129: 3000: 2981: 2962: 2926: 2907:Rapid Bay jetty 2868: 2735: 2734:Reef dive sites 2720: 2661:Similan Islands 2651:Shaʽb Abu Nuħas 2636:Rottnest Island 2596:Pescador Island 2576:Neptune Islands 2541:Lighthouse Reef 2341: 2330: 2325: 2277: 2252: 2247: 2246: 2239: 2226: 2225: 2221: 2214: 2201: 2200: 2187: 2177: 2175: 2170: 2169: 2165: 2156: 2150: 2149: 2145: 2133: 2128: 2127: 2123: 2113: 2111: 2109:iNaturalist.org 2103: 2102: 2098: 2086: 2082: 2081: 2077: 2069: 2064: 2063: 2059: 2040: 2039: 2035: 2028: 2017: 2010: 2009: 2005: 1969: 1968: 1964: 1957: 1944: 1943: 1936: 1927: 1925: 1917: 1916: 1912: 1905: 1892: 1891: 1884: 1875: 1874: 1863: 1823: 1822: 1815: 1810: 1780: 1758: 1714: 1701:controlled area 1697: 1680: 1675: 1665: 1663: 1659: 1656: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1643: 1632: 1630: 1626: 1623: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1610: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1590: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1577: 1566: 1564: 1560: 1557: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1545: 1544: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1524: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1512: 1511: 1500: 1498: 1494: 1491: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1479: 1478: 1467: 1465: 1461: 1458: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1446: 1445: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1425: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1413: 1412: 1401: 1399: 1395: 1392: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1379: 1368: 1366: 1362: 1359: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1347: 1346: 1335: 1333: 1329: 1326: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1314: 1313: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1293: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1281: 1280: 1269: 1267: 1263: 1260: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1248: 1247: 1236: 1234: 1230: 1227: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1215: 1214: 1203: 1201: 1197: 1194: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1182: 1181: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1161: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1149: 1148: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1128: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1116: 1115: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1095: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1083: 1082: 1081:Marc's anchor: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1061: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1049: 1048: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1028: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1016: 1015: 1003: 1001: 997: 994: 989: 986: 984: 982: 981: 970: 968: 964: 961: 956: 953: 951: 949: 948: 937: 935: 931: 928: 923: 920: 918: 916: 915: 904: 902: 898: 895: 890: 887: 885: 883: 882: 871: 869: 865: 862: 857: 854: 852: 850: 849: 848:Peter's Ridge: 838: 836: 832: 829: 824: 821: 819: 817: 816: 815:Little anchor: 805: 803: 799: 796: 791: 788: 786: 784: 783: 772: 770: 766: 763: 758: 755: 753: 751: 750: 739: 737: 733: 730: 725: 722: 720: 718: 717: 708: 706: 702: 699: 694: 691: 689: 687: 686: 677: 675: 671: 668: 663: 660: 658: 656: 655: 644: 642: 638: 635: 630: 627: 625: 623: 622: 611: 609: 605: 602: 597: 594: 592: 590: 589: 578: 576: 572: 569: 564: 561: 559: 557: 556: 545: 543: 539: 536: 531: 528: 526: 524: 523: 522:Fractal Zones: 512: 510: 506: 503: 498: 495: 493: 491: 490: 479: 477: 473: 470: 465: 462: 460: 458: 457: 446: 444: 440: 437: 432: 429: 427: 425: 424: 413: 411: 407: 404: 399: 396: 394: 392: 391: 380: 378: 374: 371: 366: 363: 361: 359: 358: 337: 331: 319: 299: 282: 237: 231: 219:jointing planes 160: 154: 118: 112: 97: 95: 91: 88: 83: 80: 78: 76: 75: 60: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6460: 6458: 6450: 6449: 6444: 6434: 6433: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6423: 6410: 6400: 6389: 6378: 6367: 6364: 6363: 6360: 6359: 6357: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6310: 6307: 6306: 6304:Related topics 6303: 6296: 6295: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6227: 6224: 6223: 6221:Training sites 6220: 6213: 6212: 6209: 6208: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6128: 6127: 6124: 6117: 6116: 6113: 6112: 6110: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5987:Chinhoyi Caves 5984: 5983: 5982: 5972: 5967: 5966: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5945: 5933: 5930: 5929: 5926: 5919: 5918: 5915: 5914: 5911: 5910: 5908: 5907: 5900: 5893: 5885: 5883: 5879: 5878: 5876: 5875: 5867: 5860: 5855: 5846: 5844: 5840: 5839: 5837: 5836: 5828: 5821: 5814: 5807: 5799: 5791: 5784: 5776: 5769: 5760: 5758: 5754: 5753: 5751: 5750: 5743: 5736: 5728: 5720: 5718: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5710: 5703: 5696: 5689: 5681: 5679: 5675: 5674: 5672: 5671: 5663: 5656: 5648: 5641: 5634: 5626: 5619: 5612: 5605: 5598: 5591: 5584: 5576: 5568: 5560: 5558: 5554: 5553: 5551: 5550: 5543: 5535: 5527: 5519: 5511: 5504: 5497: 5490: 5483: 5475: 5468: 5460: 5452: 5444: 5436: 5428: 5420: 5412: 5404: 5396: 5388: 5381: 5374: 5366: 5359: 5352: 5344: 5337: 5328: 5326: 5322: 5321: 5319: 5318: 5310: 5303: 5296: 5293:Royal Adelaide 5289: 5282: 5275: 5268: 5261: 5254: 5246: 5243:Robert Wallace 5238: 5231: 5224: 5216: 5208: 5200: 5193: 5185: 5178: 5169: 5167: 5163: 5162: 5160: 5159: 5156:Queen Victoria 5150: 5148: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5140: 5132: 5125: 5118: 5110: 5102: 5095: 5087: 5079: 5072: 5064: 5056: 5048: 5040: 5033: 5026: 5018: 5010: 5003: 4995: 4993: 4989: 4988: 4986: 4985: 4978: 4971: 4963: 4955: 4947: 4945: 4941: 4940: 4938: 4937: 4930: 4922: 4914: 4906: 4899: 4891: 4889: 4885: 4884: 4882: 4881: 4876: 4868: 4860: 4852: 4844: 4836: 4828: 4820: 4813: 4805: 4798: 4790: 4782: 4774: 4767: 4759: 4751: 4744: 4736: 4728: 4721: 4713: 4705: 4698: 4690: 4685: 4677: 4670: 4663: 4656: 4648: 4640: 4632: 4625: 4617: 4608: 4606: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4598: 4591: 4583: 4575: 4568: 4560: 4552: 4544: 4536: 4528: 4521: 4512: 4510: 4506: 4505: 4503: 4502: 4495: 4488: 4480: 4473: 4465: 4458: 4455:Keystone State 4450: 4443: 4434: 4432: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4424: 4417: 4409: 4406:John M. Osborn 4402: 4394: 4387: 4380: 4372: 4364: 4356: 4347: 4345: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4337: 4330: 4327:Isaac M. Scott 4322: 4314: 4306: 4298: 4296: 4292: 4291: 4289: 4288: 4280: 4272: 4265: 4258: 4251: 4243: 4236: 4228: 4221: 4213: 4210:Henry Chisholm 4205: 4196: 4194: 4190: 4189: 4187: 4186: 4181: 4173: 4166: 4158: 4151: 4144: 4136: 4128: 4121: 4113: 4105: 4097: 4090: 4083: 4075: 4068: 4060: 4052: 4044: 4042: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4034: 4027: 4020: 4013: 4010:Frank O'Connor 4005: 4002:Francis Hinton 3997: 3989: 3982: 3975: 3966: 3964: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3956: 3948: 3940: 3932: 3924: 3916: 3908: 3901: 3893: 3890:Edgar E. Clark 3885: 3877: 3870: 3862: 3860: 3856: 3855: 3853: 3852: 3845: 3838: 3830: 3823: 3815: 3808: 3801: 3793: 3791: 3787: 3786: 3784: 3783: 3775: 3767: 3760: 3753: 3746: 3738: 3731: 3723: 3715: 3708: 3701: 3693: 3686: 3679: 3672: 3664: 3657: 3650: 3643: 3640:City of Bangor 3636: 3629: 3622: 3615: 3608: 3601: 3593: 3586: 3579: 3571: 3563: 3554: 3552: 3548: 3547: 3545: 3544: 3537: 3530: 3523: 3515: 3507: 3500: 3493: 3485: 3478: 3470: 3462: 3455: 3447: 3440: 3433: 3426: 3417: 3415: 3411: 3410: 3408: 3407: 3400: 3392: 3385: 3377: 3374:Arratoon Apcar 3370: 3362: 3355: 3348: 3341: 3334: 3326: 3319: 3312: 3305: 3297: 3290: 3283: 3276: 3269: 3261: 3254: 3247: 3242: 3234: 3227: 3224:Adolphus Busch 3220: 3213: 3205: 3197: 3190: 3182: 3174: 3165: 3163: 3156: 3155: 3149: 3146: 3145: 3142: 3135: 3134: 3131: 3130: 3128: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3110:Wardang Island 3107: 3102: 3101: 3100: 3090: 3083: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3005: 3002: 3001: 2998: 2991: 2990: 2987: 2986: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2979: 2973: 2971: 2964: 2963: 2961: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2934: 2932: 2928: 2927: 2925: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2878: 2876: 2867: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2740: 2737: 2736: 2733: 2726: 2725: 2722: 2721: 2719: 2718: 2713: 2708: 2703: 2701:Tubbataha Reef 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2671:Socorro Island 2668: 2663: 2658: 2656:Shadwan Island 2653: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2591:Panglao, Bohol 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2556:Martin's Haven 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2522: 2521: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2425: 2424: 2414: 2412:Bowie Seamount 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2363: 2362: 2352: 2346: 2343: 2342: 2339: 2332: 2331: 2326: 2324: 2323: 2316: 2309: 2301: 2295: 2294: 2289: 2276: 2275:External links 2273: 2272: 2271: 2265: 2259: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2244: 2237: 2219: 2212: 2185: 2163: 2143: 2121: 2096: 2075: 2057: 2033: 2026: 2003: 1982:(3): 133–143. 1962: 1955: 1934: 1910: 1903: 1882: 1861: 1812: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1757: 1754: 1713: 1710: 1696: 1693: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1673: 1640: 1607: 1574: 1543:Grant's Wall: 1541: 1508: 1475: 1442: 1409: 1376: 1343: 1310: 1277: 1244: 1211: 1178: 1145: 1112: 1079: 1045: 1012: 978: 945: 914:Bruce's Reef: 912: 879: 846: 813: 780: 747: 652: 619: 586: 553: 520: 487: 454: 421: 388: 354: 330: 327: 318: 315: 298: 295: 281: 278: 230: 227: 153: 150: 111: 108: 70:just south of 68:Cape Peninsula 64:Miller's Point 59: 56: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6459: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6439: 6437: 6422: 6421: 6415: 6411: 6409: 6401: 6399: 6390: 6388: 6379: 6377: 6369: 6368: 6365: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6311: 6308: 6301: 6297: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6228: 6225: 6218: 6214: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6194:Vortex Spring 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6154:Dutch Springs 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6129: 6122: 6118: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6092:Vortex Spring 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6017:Jordbrugrotta 6015: 6013: 6012:Hranice Abyss 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5981: 5980:Dzibilchaltun 5978: 5977: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5950: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5940: 5939: 5936: 5931: 5924: 5920: 5906: 5905: 5901: 5899: 5898: 5894: 5892: 5891: 5887: 5886: 5884: 5880: 5874: 5873: 5868: 5866: 5865: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5853: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5841: 5835: 5834: 5829: 5827: 5826: 5822: 5820: 5819: 5815: 5813: 5812: 5808: 5806: 5805: 5800: 5798: 5797: 5792: 5790: 5789: 5788:Washingtonian 5785: 5783: 5782: 5777: 5775: 5774: 5770: 5768: 5767: 5762: 5761: 5759: 5755: 5749: 5748: 5744: 5742: 5741: 5737: 5735: 5734: 5729: 5727: 5726: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5715: 5709: 5708: 5704: 5702: 5701: 5697: 5695: 5694: 5690: 5688: 5687: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5676: 5670: 5669: 5664: 5662: 5661: 5657: 5655: 5654: 5649: 5647: 5646: 5645:Torrey Canyon 5642: 5640: 5639: 5635: 5633: 5632: 5627: 5625: 5624: 5620: 5618: 5617: 5613: 5611: 5610: 5609:Thomas Wilson 5606: 5604: 5603: 5602:Thomas Friant 5599: 5597: 5596: 5592: 5590: 5589: 5585: 5583: 5582: 5577: 5575: 5574: 5569: 5567: 5566: 5562: 5561: 5559: 5555: 5549: 5548: 5544: 5542: 5541: 5536: 5534: 5533: 5532:Superior City 5528: 5526: 5525: 5520: 5518: 5517: 5516:Stepas Darius 5512: 5510: 5509: 5505: 5503: 5502: 5498: 5496: 5495: 5491: 5489: 5488: 5484: 5482: 5481: 5480:Spiegel Grove 5476: 5474: 5473: 5469: 5467: 5466: 5461: 5459: 5458: 5453: 5451: 5450: 5445: 5443: 5442: 5437: 5435: 5434: 5429: 5427: 5426: 5421: 5419: 5418: 5413: 5411: 5410: 5405: 5403: 5402: 5397: 5395: 5394: 5389: 5387: 5386: 5385:Sanko Harvest 5382: 5380: 5379: 5378:Samuel P. Ely 5375: 5373: 5372: 5371:Samuel Mather 5367: 5365: 5364: 5363:Salem Express 5360: 5358: 5357: 5353: 5351: 5350: 5345: 5343: 5342: 5338: 5336: 5335: 5330: 5329: 5327: 5323: 5317: 5316: 5311: 5309: 5308: 5304: 5302: 5301: 5300:Royal Charter 5297: 5295: 5294: 5290: 5288: 5287: 5286:Rouse Simmons 5283: 5281: 5280: 5276: 5274: 5273: 5269: 5267: 5266: 5262: 5260: 5259: 5255: 5253: 5252: 5247: 5245: 5244: 5239: 5237: 5236: 5232: 5230: 5229: 5225: 5223: 5222: 5217: 5215: 5214: 5209: 5207: 5206: 5201: 5199: 5198: 5194: 5192: 5191: 5186: 5184: 5183: 5179: 5177: 5176: 5171: 5170: 5168: 5164: 5158: 5157: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5145: 5139: 5138: 5133: 5131: 5130: 5126: 5124: 5123: 5119: 5117: 5116: 5111: 5109: 5108: 5103: 5101: 5100: 5096: 5094: 5093: 5088: 5086: 5085: 5080: 5078: 5077: 5073: 5071: 5070: 5065: 5063: 5062: 5057: 5055: 5054: 5049: 5047: 5046: 5041: 5039: 5038: 5034: 5032: 5031: 5027: 5025: 5024: 5019: 5017: 5016: 5011: 5009: 5008: 5004: 5002: 5001: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4990: 4984: 4983: 4979: 4977: 4976: 4972: 4970: 4969: 4964: 4962: 4961: 4956: 4954: 4953: 4949: 4948: 4946: 4942: 4936: 4935: 4931: 4929: 4928: 4923: 4921: 4920: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4907: 4905: 4904: 4900: 4898: 4897: 4893: 4892: 4890: 4886: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4874: 4869: 4867: 4866: 4861: 4859: 4858: 4853: 4851: 4850: 4845: 4843: 4842: 4837: 4835: 4834: 4829: 4827: 4826: 4821: 4819: 4818: 4814: 4812: 4811: 4806: 4804: 4803: 4799: 4797: 4796: 4791: 4789: 4788: 4783: 4781: 4780: 4775: 4773: 4772: 4768: 4766: 4765: 4760: 4758: 4757: 4752: 4750: 4749: 4745: 4743: 4742: 4737: 4735: 4734: 4729: 4727: 4726: 4722: 4720: 4719: 4714: 4712: 4711: 4706: 4704: 4703: 4699: 4697: 4696: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4683: 4678: 4676: 4675: 4671: 4669: 4668: 4664: 4662: 4661: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4649: 4647: 4646: 4641: 4639: 4638: 4633: 4631: 4630: 4626: 4624: 4623: 4618: 4616: 4615: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4603: 4597: 4596: 4592: 4590: 4589: 4584: 4582: 4581: 4576: 4574: 4573: 4569: 4567: 4566: 4561: 4559: 4558: 4553: 4551: 4550: 4545: 4543: 4542: 4537: 4535: 4534: 4529: 4527: 4526: 4522: 4520: 4519: 4514: 4513: 4511: 4507: 4501: 4500: 4499:Kyle Spangler 4496: 4494: 4493: 4489: 4487: 4486: 4481: 4479: 4478: 4477:Kizugawa Maru 4474: 4472: 4471: 4466: 4464: 4463: 4459: 4457: 4456: 4451: 4449: 4448: 4444: 4442: 4441: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4429: 4423: 4422: 4418: 4416: 4415: 4414:John Mitchell 4410: 4408: 4407: 4403: 4401: 4400: 4399:John B. Cowle 4395: 4393: 4392: 4391:J.S. Seaverns 4388: 4386: 4385: 4381: 4379: 4378: 4373: 4371: 4370: 4365: 4363: 4362: 4357: 4355: 4354: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4342: 4336: 4335: 4331: 4329: 4328: 4323: 4321: 4320: 4315: 4313: 4312: 4307: 4305: 4304: 4300: 4299: 4297: 4293: 4287: 4286: 4281: 4279: 4278: 4273: 4271: 4270: 4266: 4264: 4263: 4259: 4257: 4256: 4252: 4250: 4249: 4244: 4242: 4241: 4237: 4235: 4234: 4229: 4227: 4226: 4225:Hermann Künne 4222: 4220: 4219: 4214: 4212: 4211: 4206: 4204: 4203: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4191: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4179: 4178:Gregory Poole 4174: 4172: 4171: 4167: 4165: 4164: 4159: 4157: 4156: 4152: 4150: 4149: 4145: 4143: 4142: 4137: 4135: 4134: 4129: 4127: 4126: 4122: 4120: 4119: 4114: 4112: 4111: 4106: 4104: 4103: 4098: 4096: 4095: 4091: 4089: 4088: 4087:George M. Cox 4084: 4082: 4081: 4076: 4074: 4073: 4069: 4067: 4066: 4061: 4059: 4058: 4057:General Botha 4053: 4051: 4050: 4046: 4045: 4043: 4039: 4033: 4032: 4028: 4026: 4025: 4024:Fujikawa Maru 4021: 4019: 4018: 4014: 4012: 4011: 4006: 4004: 4003: 3998: 3996: 3995: 3990: 3988: 3987: 3983: 3981: 3980: 3976: 3974: 3973: 3968: 3967: 3965: 3961: 3955: 3954: 3949: 3947: 3946: 3941: 3939: 3938: 3933: 3931: 3930: 3925: 3923: 3922: 3917: 3915: 3914: 3909: 3907: 3906: 3902: 3900: 3899: 3894: 3892: 3891: 3886: 3884: 3883: 3878: 3876: 3875: 3871: 3869: 3868: 3864: 3863: 3861: 3857: 3851: 3850: 3846: 3844: 3843: 3839: 3837: 3836: 3831: 3829: 3828: 3824: 3822: 3821: 3816: 3814: 3813: 3809: 3807: 3806: 3802: 3800: 3799: 3795: 3794: 3792: 3788: 3782: 3781: 3776: 3774: 3773: 3768: 3766: 3765: 3761: 3759: 3758: 3754: 3752: 3751: 3747: 3745: 3744: 3739: 3737: 3736: 3732: 3730: 3729: 3724: 3722: 3721: 3716: 3714: 3713: 3709: 3707: 3706: 3702: 3700: 3699: 3694: 3692: 3691: 3687: 3685: 3684: 3680: 3678: 3677: 3673: 3671: 3670: 3665: 3663: 3662: 3658: 3656: 3655: 3651: 3649: 3648: 3644: 3642: 3641: 3637: 3635: 3634: 3630: 3628: 3627: 3623: 3621: 3620: 3616: 3614: 3613: 3609: 3607: 3606: 3602: 3600: 3599: 3594: 3592: 3591: 3587: 3585: 3584: 3580: 3578: 3577: 3576:Cape Henlopen 3572: 3570: 3569: 3564: 3562: 3561: 3556: 3555: 3553: 3549: 3543: 3542: 3538: 3536: 3535: 3531: 3529: 3528: 3524: 3522: 3521: 3516: 3514: 3513: 3508: 3506: 3505: 3501: 3499: 3498: 3494: 3492: 3491: 3486: 3484: 3483: 3479: 3477: 3476: 3471: 3469: 3468: 3463: 3461: 3460: 3456: 3454: 3453: 3448: 3446: 3445: 3441: 3439: 3438: 3434: 3432: 3431: 3427: 3425: 3424: 3419: 3418: 3416: 3412: 3406: 3405: 3401: 3399: 3398: 3393: 3391: 3390: 3386: 3384: 3383: 3378: 3376: 3375: 3371: 3369: 3368: 3363: 3361: 3360: 3356: 3354: 3353: 3349: 3347: 3346: 3342: 3340: 3339: 3335: 3333: 3332: 3327: 3325: 3324: 3320: 3318: 3317: 3313: 3311: 3310: 3306: 3304: 3303: 3298: 3296: 3295: 3291: 3289: 3288: 3284: 3282: 3281: 3277: 3275: 3274: 3270: 3268: 3267: 3262: 3260: 3259: 3255: 3253: 3252: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3240: 3235: 3233: 3232: 3228: 3226: 3225: 3221: 3219: 3218: 3214: 3212: 3211: 3206: 3204: 3203: 3198: 3196: 3195: 3191: 3189: 3188: 3183: 3181: 3180: 3175: 3173: 3172: 3167: 3166: 3164: 3160: 3154: 3151: 3150: 3147: 3140: 3136: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3099: 3096: 3095: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3082: 3081: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3006: 3003: 2996: 2992: 2978: 2975: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2965: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2935: 2933: 2929: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2893: 2892:Merkanti Reef 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2871: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2844:Second Valley 2842: 2840: 2837: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2814:Kennack Sands 2812: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2759:Darwin's Arch 2757: 2755: 2754:Daedalus Reef 2752: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2741: 2738: 2731: 2727: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2676:Sound of Mull 2674: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2616:Puerto Galera 2614: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2586:Palancar Reef 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2566:Molasses Reef 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2531:Kadmat Island 2529: 2527: 2524: 2520: 2517: 2516: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2462: 2460: 2457: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2423: 2420: 2419: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2361: 2358: 2357: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2347: 2344: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2322: 2317: 2315: 2310: 2308: 2303: 2302: 2299: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2278: 2274: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2253: 2249: 2240: 2234: 2230: 2223: 2220: 2215: 2213:0-86977-115-9 2209: 2205: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2186: 2173: 2167: 2164: 2155: 2147: 2144: 2139: 2132: 2125: 2122: 2110: 2106: 2100: 2097: 2092: 2085: 2079: 2076: 2068: 2061: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2044: 2037: 2034: 2029: 2027:0-620-22706-0 2023: 2016: 2015: 2007: 2004: 1999: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1966: 1963: 1958: 1952: 1948: 1941: 1939: 1935: 1924: 1920: 1914: 1911: 1906: 1900: 1896: 1889: 1887: 1883: 1878: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1799: 1794: 1793: 1788: 1787: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1746: 1742: 1740: 1739: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1723: 1718: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1702: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1685: 1677: 1670: 1641: 1637: 1608: 1604: 1575: 1571: 1542: 1538: 1509: 1505: 1476: 1472: 1443: 1439: 1410: 1406: 1377: 1373: 1344: 1340: 1311: 1307: 1278: 1274: 1245: 1241: 1212: 1208: 1179: 1175: 1146: 1142: 1113: 1109: 1080: 1075: 1046: 1042: 1013: 1008: 979: 975: 946: 942: 913: 909: 880: 876: 847: 843: 814: 810: 782:JJ's anchor: 781: 777: 748: 744: 713: 682: 653: 649: 620: 616: 587: 583: 554: 550: 521: 517: 488: 484: 455: 451: 422: 418: 389: 385: 356: 355: 353: 350: 341: 336: 328: 326: 324: 316: 314: 312: 308: 304: 296: 294: 286: 279: 277: 275: 271: 268: 267:East Indiaman 263: 261: 257: 252: 250: 246: 242: 236: 228: 226: 222: 220: 216: 211: 209: 203: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 159: 151: 149: 145: 143: 135: 130: 122: 117: 109: 107: 102: 73: 69: 65: 57: 55: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 30:is a granite 29: 21: 6418: 6334:Scuba diving 6286:Swanage Pier 6052:Ricks Spring 6047:Pollatoomary 5937: 5902: 5896: 5889: 5871: 5863: 5851: 5833:Wilkes-Barre 5832: 5824: 5817: 5810: 5803: 5795: 5787: 5780: 5772: 5765: 5746: 5739: 5732: 5724: 5707:Um El Faroud 5705: 5699: 5692: 5685: 5667: 5658: 5652: 5644: 5636: 5630: 5621: 5614: 5608: 5601: 5594: 5587: 5580: 5572: 5564: 5546: 5539: 5531: 5523: 5515: 5507: 5500: 5493: 5486: 5479: 5471: 5464: 5456: 5448: 5440: 5432: 5424: 5416: 5409:S.C. Baldwin 5408: 5401:Saskatchewan 5400: 5392: 5384: 5377: 5370: 5362: 5355: 5348: 5340: 5333: 5314: 5306: 5299: 5292: 5285: 5278: 5271: 5264: 5257: 5250: 5242: 5234: 5228:Riva Palacio 5227: 5220: 5212: 5204: 5196: 5189: 5181: 5174: 5155: 5136: 5128: 5121: 5114: 5106: 5098: 5091: 5083: 5075: 5068: 5060: 5052: 5044: 5036: 5029: 5022: 5014: 5006: 4999: 4981: 4974: 4967: 4959: 4951: 4933: 4926: 4918: 4909: 4902: 4895: 4872: 4864: 4856: 4848: 4840: 4832: 4824: 4816: 4809: 4801: 4794: 4786: 4778: 4770: 4763: 4756:Midland City 4755: 4747: 4740: 4732: 4724: 4717: 4709: 4701: 4694: 4681: 4673: 4666: 4659: 4651: 4644: 4636: 4628: 4621: 4613: 4594: 4587: 4579: 4571: 4564: 4556: 4548: 4540: 4532: 4524: 4517: 4498: 4490: 4484: 4475: 4469: 4462:King Cruiser 4461: 4454: 4446: 4439: 4420: 4413: 4405: 4398: 4390: 4383: 4376: 4368: 4360: 4352: 4333: 4326: 4318: 4310: 4302: 4284: 4276: 4268: 4261: 4255:Hilma Hooker 4253: 4247: 4239: 4232: 4224: 4217: 4209: 4201: 4177: 4169: 4162: 4154: 4147: 4140: 4132: 4123: 4117: 4109: 4101: 4094:Georg Thiele 4093: 4086: 4080:George Dewey 4079: 4071: 4064: 4056: 4048: 4029: 4022: 4016: 4009: 4001: 3993: 3985: 3978: 3971: 3952: 3944: 3936: 3928: 3920: 3912: 3904: 3897: 3889: 3881: 3873: 3866: 3848: 3841: 3834: 3826: 3819: 3812:David Tucker 3811: 3805:Daniel Lyons 3804: 3797: 3779: 3771: 3763: 3756: 3749: 3742: 3733: 3727: 3719: 3711: 3704: 3697: 3689: 3682: 3675: 3668: 3660: 3653: 3646: 3639: 3632: 3625: 3618: 3610: 3604: 3597: 3589: 3582: 3575: 3567: 3559: 3540: 3533: 3525: 3519: 3511: 3503: 3496: 3490:Bloemfontein 3489: 3481: 3474: 3466: 3458: 3451: 3443: 3436: 3429: 3422: 3403: 3396: 3388: 3381: 3373: 3366: 3358: 3352:Aratama Maru 3350: 3344: 3337: 3330: 3322: 3315: 3309:Andrea Doria 3308: 3301: 3293: 3286: 3279: 3272: 3265: 3257: 3250: 3238: 3230: 3223: 3216: 3209: 3201: 3193: 3186: 3178: 3170: 3085: 3078: 3019:Chuuk Lagoon 3014:Calve Island 2922:Osborne Reef 2839:Portsea Hole 2829:Octopus Hole 2819:The Manacles 2744:Azure Window 2631:Rondo Island 2484:Gili Islands 2434:Calve Island 2360:Aliwal Shoal 2228: 2222: 2203: 2176:. Retrieved 2166: 2146: 2137: 2124: 2112:. Retrieved 2108: 2099: 2090: 2078: 2060: 2052: 2048: 2042: 2036: 2013: 2006: 1979: 1975: 1965: 1946: 1926:. Retrieved 1913: 1894: 1876: 1834: 1830: 1803: 1796: 1790: 1784: 1781: 1750:benthic zone 1747: 1743: 1736: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1719: 1715: 1698: 1695:Conservation 1681: 347:Most of the 346: 320: 300: 291: 273: 269: 264: 255: 253: 248: 240: 238: 223: 212: 204: 161: 146: 138: 72:Simon's Town 61: 48:South Africa 44:Western Cape 28:Whittle Rock 27: 26: 6354:Wall diving 6281:Stoney Cove 6159:Ewens Ponds 6042:Pluragrotta 6007:Fossil Cave 5970:Boesmansgat 5802:HMNZS  5764:HMNZS  5666:HMNZS  5616:Thunderbolt 5595:Thistlegorm 5571:USCGC  5547:Sweepstakes 5524:St Lawrence 5115:Port Napier 5107:Port Kembla 5099:Pool Fisher 5092:Point Swift 4865:RMS Mulheim 4808:USCGC  4572:Louis Sheid 4525:Lady Thetis 4334:Island City 4049:Gallinipper 4017:F.T. Barney 3833:USCGC  3778:USCGC  3696:USCGC  3683:Clan Ranald 3574:USCGC  3568:Cape Breton 3504:Brian Davis 3488:HMSAS  3450:USCGC  3404:Australasia 3280:Al Munassir 3231:Aeolian Sky 3153:115 (barge) 3105:Ve Skerries 2977:Fungus Rock 2968:Snorkelling 2824:Magic Point 2799:Gamul Kebir 2789:French Reef 2581:Osprey Reef 2519:Sodwana Bay 2479:Għar Qawqla 2392:Bay of Pigs 2367:Amed (Bali) 1756:Marine life 1664: / 1652:18°33.603′E 1649:34°15.103′S 1631: / 1619:18°33.606′E 1616:34°15.048′S 1598: / 1586:18°33.580′E 1583:34°15.004′S 1576:Labyrinth: 1565: / 1553:18°33.445′E 1550:34°15.003′S 1532: / 1520:18°33.450′E 1517:34°14.991′S 1499: / 1487:18°33.420′E 1484:34°14.972′S 1466: / 1454:18°33.668′E 1451:34°14.968′S 1433: / 1421:18°33.707′E 1418:34°14.949′S 1400: / 1388:18°33.573′E 1385:34°14.945′S 1367: / 1355:18°33.616′E 1352:34°14.943′S 1334: / 1322:18°33.549′E 1319:34°14.943′S 1301: / 1289:18°33.784′E 1286:34°14.935′S 1268: / 1256:18°33.718′E 1253:34°14.931′S 1235: / 1223:18°33.753′E 1220:34°14.917′S 1202: / 1190:18°33.635′E 1187:34°14.900′S 1169: / 1157:18°33.775′E 1154:34°14.887′S 1136: / 1124:18°33.454′E 1121:34°14.872′S 1103: / 1091:18°33.716′E 1088:34°14.856′S 1069: / 1057:18°33.269′E 1054:34°14.856′S 1036: / 1024:18°33.508′E 1021:34°14.850′S 1002: / 990:18°33.714′E 987:34°14.846′S 969: / 957:18°33.682′E 954:34°14.844′S 936: / 924:18°33.318′E 921:34°14.824′S 903: / 891:18°33.879′E 888:34°14.830′S 870: / 858:18°33.160′E 855:34°14.800′S 837: / 825:18°33.666′E 822:34°14.785″S 804: / 792:18°33.720′E 789:34°14.781′S 771: / 759:18°33.734′E 756:34°14.777′S 738: / 726:18°33.795′E 723:34°14.783′S 707: / 695:18°33.790′E 692:34°14.783′S 676: / 664:18°33.801′E 661:34°14.776′S 643: / 631:18°33.622′E 628:34°14.765′S 610: / 598:18°33.575′E 595:34°14.762′S 577: / 565:18°33.482′E 562:34°14.750′S 544: / 532:18°33.200′E 529:34°14.750′S 511: / 499:18°33.843′E 496:34°14.742′S 478: / 466:18°33.590′E 463:34°14.735′S 445: / 433:18°33.763′E 430:34°14.704′S 412: / 400:18°33.612′E 397:34°14.687′S 379: / 367:18°33.125′E 364:34°14.650′S 96: / 84:18°33.714′E 81:34°14.846′S 6436:Categories 6385:Category: 6231:Blue Abyss 6204:Wazee Lake 6199:Wast Water 6184:Rum Jungle 6032:Nereo Cave 5870:HMCS  5804:Wellington 5781:Warrior II 5638:Tokai Maru 5629:HMAS  5538:HMAS  5494:Stanegarth 5175:R.P. Resor 5043:HMAS  5030:Pedernales 4934:Northerner 4857:M.M. Drake 4733:Mercedes I 4716:USAT  4702:Marguerite 4555:USAT  4518:Lady Elgin 4447:Kashi Maru 4283:HMAS  4218:Hephaestus 4148:Gothenburg 3905:Ellengowan 3827:D.R. Hanna 3764:Cumberland 3743:Coronation 3718:HMAS  3712:Constandis 3626:Cedarville 3566:HMCS  3558:HMAS  3518:HMHS  3510:HMAS  3459:Binnendijk 3421:HMAS  3338:Appomattox 3208:HMAS  3187:Aaron Ward 3069:Scapa Flow 2834:Pope's Eye 2716:Weh Island 2621:Punta Cana 2561:Marsa Alam 2551:Malapascua 2377:Apo Island 1928:2015-04-29 1854:2263/75633 1808:References 333:See also: 272:, and HMS 233:See also: 215:corestones 184:Simonstown 156:See also: 114:See also: 6396:Commons: 6102:Wondergat 6057:The Shaft 5948:Blue hole 5943:Blauhöhle 5897:Zealandia 5850:USS  5831:USS  5825:Wisconsin 5733:Vermilion 5731:USS  5653:Transvaal 5651:SAS  5579:USS  5478:USS  5455:HMS  5439:HMS  5433:Scrimmage 5423:USS  5391:USS  5332:HMS  5251:Rochester 5219:RMS  5113:HMS  5076:Piłsudski 5069:Pilotfish 5059:SAS  4975:Oslofjord 4966:USS  4847:HMS  4823:RMS  4787:Milwaukee 4771:Minnedosa 4710:Mauna Loa 4680:HMS  4652:Mayflower 4645:Marquette 4635:SMS  4622:Mackenzie 4612:HMS  4595:Lumberman 4586:USS  4580:L.R. Doty 4565:Louisiana 4531:HMS  4485:Kronprinz 4483:SMS  4470:Kittiwake 4319:Ironsides 4275:HMS  4170:Green Bay 4141:Goorangai 4133:Good Hope 4131:SAS  4100:HMS  3986:Fleetwing 3970:HMS  3927:RMS  3896:HMT  3882:Eber Ward 3874:Eastfield 3818:SMS  3770:USS  3741:HMS  3726:SMS  3661:Chaudière 3596:USS  3534:Bungsberg 3520:Britannic 3473:HMS  3465:USS  3444:Bianca C. 3430:Ben Doran 3395:USS  3380:USS  3365:USS  3329:USS  3300:USS  3287:Amaryllis 3264:USS  3237:USS  3200:USS  3194:Abessinia 3185:USS  3177:HMS  3169:HMS  3039:Loch Long 3024:Coron Bay 2864:Wolf Rock 2849:Sund Rock 2474:False Bay 2439:Capurganá 2407:Bohol Sea 2256:False Bay 2114:15 August 2049:Euphrates 1998:0254-3486 1114:Gullies: 270:Euphrates 262:in 1795. 241:Goudvinck 180:Llandudno 168:batholith 166:, a huge 40:False Bay 34:reef and 32:corestone 6246:Deepspot 5725:Varvassi 5660:Treasure 5623:Toa Maru 5501:Stanwood 5393:Saratoga 5349:Saguenay 5341:Sagamore 5265:Rosehill 5173:SS  5154:PS  4968:Oriskany 4879:SS Myron 4873:Muliphen 4863:MV  4841:Monrovia 4825:Moldavia 4764:Mindanao 4748:Metamora 4741:Mesquite 4708:SS  4688:SS Maori 4637:Markgraf 4541:Lakeland 4440:Kamloops 4262:Hispania 4118:Glenlyon 4031:Fumizuki 3992:SS  3972:Falmouth 3842:Dunraven 3780:Cuyahoga 3750:Crusader 3728:Cormoran 3698:Comanche 3669:Chen Hai 3605:Carnatic 3598:Carlisle 3560:Canberra 3512:Brisbane 3475:Boadicea 3367:Arkansas 3323:Antilles 3302:Anderson 3210:Adelaide 3202:Accokeek 3087:Tulamben 2774:Eyemouth 2749:Cod Hole 2571:Molokini 2444:Ċirkewwa 2382:Apo Reef 2250:See also 1712:Habitats 303:Kalk Bay 249:De Noord 200:hornfels 188:feldspar 6266:Nemo 33 6107:Zacatón 5904:Zingara 5890:Zenobia 5864:Yongala 5811:Wexford 5796:Waubuno 5766:Waikato 5573:Tamaroa 5425:Scuffle 5279:Rotorua 5272:Rosinco 5213:Repulse 5122:Preußen 5084:Pioneer 5053:Pewabic 5037:Persier 5023:Papoose 4919:Nipigon 4910:Niagara 4903:Niagara 4849:Montagu 4833:Monarch 4817:Mohegan 4779:Miowera 4629:Madeira 4588:LST-507 4557:Liberty 4533:Laforey 4184:Gunilda 4163:Grecian 4110:Gilliam 3953:Etruria 3945:Espagne 3921:Emperor 3820:Dresden 3690:Clifton 3527:Bud Bar 3437:Benwood 3423:Bayonet 3397:Atlanta 3389:Atlanta 3316:Antilla 3294:America 2854:St Abbs 2779:Fanadir 2691:Taganga 2666:Sipadan 2454:Cozumel 2417:Bunaken 2053:Trident 1703:of the 274:Trident 229:History 176:granite 152:Geology 6417:  6189:Silfra 5975:Cenote 5858:YO-257 5852:Yancey 5747:Vienna 5740:Vernon 5700:U-1195 5631:Tobruk 5588:Thesis 5581:Tarpon 5508:Stella 5463:USCGC 5441:Scylla 5417:Schurz 5356:Sakawa 5334:Safari 5315:Russia 5205:Regina 5190:Rankin 5182:Radaas 5090:USCGC 4952:Oceana 4927:Norman 4896:Nagato 4810:Mohawk 4802:Miztec 4795:Mizpah 4739:USCGC 4674:Maloja 4654:(scow) 4549:Lamson 4492:Kyarra 4285:Hobart 4248:Hesper 4233:Hermes 4102:Ghurka 3913:Emmons 3720:Coogee 3619:Cayuga 3467:Blenny 3359:Arctic 3345:Aquila 3331:Apogon 3273:Algoma 3239:Aeolus 3080:Tulagi 2536:Ko Tao 2372:Anilao 2350:Akumal 2235:  2210:  2178:24 May 2024:  1996:  1953:  1901:  1837:(32). 1776:, and 325:area. 256:Indent 192:quartz 5872:Yukon 5693:U-352 5565:Tahoe 5487:Sport 5457:Sidon 5399:HMCS 5347:HMCS 5258:Rondo 5221:Rhone 5045:Perth 5015:Panay 4982:Ozone 4960:Onoko 4917:HMCS 4912:(tug) 4725:Mendi 4718:Meigs 4682:Maori 4667:Maine 4620:HMCS 4375:HMAS 4367:HMAS 4359:HMAS 4351:HMAS 4311:Indra 4303:Igara 4202:Haven 4139:HMAS 4063:USNS 4055:SATS 3867:Eagle 3835:Duane 3798:Dania 3705:Comet 3667:ROCS 3541:Byron 3497:Breda 3482:Booya 3266:Algol 2970:sites 2706:Utila 2157:(PDF) 2134:(PDF) 2087:(PDF) 2070:(PDF) 2018:(PDF) 1722:shelf 311:fetch 5779:HMS 5686:U-40 5540:Swan 5522:HMS 5465:Spar 5431:USS 5415:USS 5307:Rozi 5249:USS 5211:HMS 5188:USS 5135:HMS 5067:USS 4871:USS 4793:USS 4762:USS 4547:USS 4468:USS 4421:Jura 4309:USS 4277:Hood 4269:Home 4231:HMS 4108:USS 3979:Fifi 3911:USS 3772:Curb 3757:Cuba 3452:Bibb 3251:Ajax 2504:Haql 2233:ISBN 2208:ISBN 2180:2018 2116:2023 2022:ISBN 1994:ISSN 1951:ISBN 1899:ISBN 716:and 196:mica 182:and 5794:PS 5668:Tui 5530:SS 5514:SS 5447:SS 5407:SS 5369:SS 5313:SS 5241:SS 5203:SS 5105:SS 5082:SS 5051:SS 5021:SS 5013:SS 5007:P31 5000:P29 4958:SS 4925:SS 4855:SS 4839:SS 4831:SS 4785:SS 4777:SS 4754:SS 4731:MV 4693:SS 4643:SS 4578:SS 4563:SS 4539:SS 4516:PS 4453:PS 4438:SS 4412:SS 4397:SS 4325:SS 4317:SS 4246:SS 4216:MT 4208:SS 4200:MT 4176:MV 4161:SS 4116:SS 4078:SS 4008:SS 4000:SS 3951:SS 3943:SS 3935:SS 3919:SS 3898:Elk 3888:SS 3880:SS 1984:doi 1923:ISO 1849:hdl 1839:doi 38:in 6438:: 4614:M2 4377:J5 4369:J4 4361:J2 4353:J1 3179:A3 3171:A1 2188:^ 2136:. 2107:. 2089:. 1992:. 1974:. 1937:^ 1921:. 1885:^ 1864:^ 1847:. 1833:. 1829:. 1816:^ 1772:, 1768:, 1764:, 685:, 202:. 144:. 46:, 42:, 5882:Z 5843:Y 5757:W 5717:V 5678:U 5557:T 5325:S 5166:R 5147:Q 4992:P 4944:O 4888:N 4605:M 4509:L 4431:K 4344:J 4295:I 4193:H 4041:G 3963:F 3859:E 3790:D 3551:C 3414:B 3162:A 2320:e 2313:t 2306:v 2241:. 2216:. 2182:. 2118:. 2030:. 2000:. 1986:: 1980:7 1959:. 1931:. 1907:. 1857:. 1851:: 1841:: 1835:7

Index


corestone
navigation hazard
False Bay
Western Cape
South Africa
cardinal east buoy
Miller's Point
Cape Peninsula
Simon's Town
34°14.846′S 18°33.714′E / 34.247433°S 18.561900°E / -34.247433; 18.561900
False Bay § Bathymetry


Council for Geoscience
autonomous diver
Geology of Cape Town
Peninsula Granite
batholith
Malmesbury Group
granite
Llandudno
Simonstown
feldspar
quartz
mica
hornfels
Table Mountain Group
corestones
jointing planes

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.