31:
387:
in reedbeds, mangroves, rocks and caves. The nest is built resembling a platform of sticks or reeds, 25–30 cm (9.8–11.8 in) wide. They usually breed during the rainy season or early in the dry season. There are two to three greenish-white eggs in a clutch, and incubation lasts roughly 24 to 26 days. The chicks leave the nest after six to seven weeks. The white-backed night heron seems to be sedentary, but it has been observed in some circumstances to have migrated to locations with heavy rain. White-backed night herons are known foragers, meaning they search for food primarily along waterways. They have been observed to eat
1179:
1810:
75:
50:
353:, or a reddish-brown hue. There is a notable white triangular patch along the back formed by the white scapulars, or small feathers, on the shoulder of the bird. The belly feathers are a whitish-brown and the legs are yellow. An immature heron can be identified by its streaked breast and the white spots on the upper-wing coverts. Chicks are covered with olive-brown
386:
The white-backed night heron can be found living individually or in pairs. Nocturnal by nature, they roost in the dense vegetation of marshes and forests during the daylight hours, often nesting high within the trees. Their nests are well-hidden, usually built in vegetation near water and sometimes
529:
Hruska, J.P.; Holmes, J.; Oliveros, C.; Shakya, S.; Lavretsky, P.; McCracken, K.G.; Sheldon, F.H.; Moyle, R.G. (2023). "Ultraconserved elements resolve the phylogeny and corroborate patterns of molecular rate variation in herons (Aves: Ardeidae)".
424:
has assessed the species to be of least concern. The species is currently experiencing a small number of threats, including habitat loss in southern Africa and hunting in
Nigeria, where they are used for traditional medicine.
419:
The population of the white-backed night heron is believed to be stable because it does not appear to undergo significant population declines or experience any notable threats. Due to these factors and its large range, the
369:
is located throughout central and southern Africa, with a range estimated at 20,900,000 km (8,100,000 sq mi). Its primary habitat is dense forests with neighboring waterways, particularly streams, lakes,
2193:
1979:
910:
2005:
2262:
2234:
2180:
2098:
1953:
1992:
597:
2272:
30:
903:
840:
1178:
813:
786:
718:
688:
345:, or prominent feather display on the top of its head. The heron has large red eyes with white-ringed markings around them, and the
2277:
1940:
579:. Field Museum of Natural History, Zoology Series. Volume 16, Part 1. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History. pp. 68–69.
896:
1997:
1809:
349:, or the region behind the eye, are a pale yellow hue. The throat feathers are white, whereas the neck and breast are
74:
2010:
1869:
636:
557:
300:
888:
270:
2085:
1831:
447:
2031:
589:
Priority! The Dating of
Scientific Names in Ornithology: a Directory to the literature and its reviewers
173:
474:
341:
The white-backed night heron is 50–55 cm (20–22 in) in length with a black head and a short
2172:
1927:
1883:
311:
278:
1236:
1742:
640:
622:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 228.
583:
518:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 231.
489:
322:
282:
259:
255:
190:
39:
1503:
243:
199:
69:
2036:
1774:
1557:
1221:
1984:
1568:
1540:
1520:
2267:
2198:
2116:
2018:
1901:
1369:
1308:
1256:
1040:
920:
809:
782:
714:
684:
593:
292:
2158:
2023:
803:
776:
708:
678:
1530:
1287:
1049:
539:
469:
342:
2090:
1762:
451:
2049:
980:
965:
745:
570:
346:
315:
126:
2256:
2111:
1423:
1138:
587:
460:
421:
263:
59:
54:
617:
574:
561:
513:
295:
study published in 2023, it is now the only species placed in the resurrected genus
1906:
1597:
1472:
1318:
1111:
959:
354:
304:
1945:
1893:
543:
2225:
2143:
2076:
498:(in Latin). Vol. pars 1. Stuttgartiae: J.G. Cottae. p. 189, Species 33.
2152:
1966:
1863:
1751:
1653:
1510:
1465:
1458:
1349:
1245:
1101:
1089:
1058:
1019:
928:
493:
366:
871:
644:
2044:
1781:
1714:
1698:
1687:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1416:
1409:
1388:
1277:
1078:
613:
509:
330:
287:
274:
1854:
1788:
1680:
1618:
1547:
1451:
1402:
1381:
1338:
1328:
1118:
1068:
1004:
392:
326:
86:
2219:
2137:
2070:
1848:
1731:
1724:
1707:
1663:
1611:
1588:
1487:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1395:
1358:
1297:
1129:
947:
924:
566:(in Latin). Vol. 2. Lugduni Batavorum: Apud E.J. Brill. p. 139.
371:
106:
2103:
2239:
2185:
2167:
1971:
1958:
1878:
1670:
1625:
1604:
1029:
396:
1577:
941:
400:
350:
299:
that had originally been introduced in 1855 by the French naturalist
96:
1919:
1825:
1914:
1197:
1153:
953:
375:
239:
136:
1932:
388:
116:
1829:
1195:
978:
892:
707:
Redman, Nigel; Stevenson, Terry; Fanshawe, John (2010).
645:"Ibis, spoonbills, herons, Hamerkop, Shoebill, pelicans"
586:; Overstreet, L.K.; Dowsett, R.J.; Bruce, M.D. (2011).
576:
1770:
1720:
1676:
1659:
1553:
1536:
1526:
1516:
1499:
1377:
1334:
1324:
1314:
1304:
1293:
1283:
1273:
1233:
1217:
1107:
1097:
1074:
1064:
1016:
1000:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
2209:
2127:
2060:
1838:
1761:
1741:
1697:
1587:
1567:
1486:
1368:
1348:
1264:
1255:
1232:
1208:
1152:
1128:
1088:
1048:
1039:
1015:
991:
475:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22697226A93603192.en
592:. Northampton, UK: Aves Press. pp. 75–79.
568:For a discussion of the publication date see:
904:
8:
403:. Though usually quiet, they let out a loud
277:. This species was formerly placed with the
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
1826:
1492:
1261:
1205:
1192:
1045:
988:
975:
911:
897:
889:
808:. Princeton University Press. p. 62.
802:Hancock, Peter; Weiersbye, Ingrid (2015).
48:
29:
20:
473:
702:
700:
672:
670:
668:
666:
756:. IUCN-SSC Heron Specialist Group. 2011
434:
442:
440:
438:
651:. International Ornithologists' Union
631:
629:
616:; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979).
512:; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979).
7:
2263:IUCN Red List least concern species
879:The Atlas of Southern African Birds
461:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
14:
778:Newman's Birds of Southern Africa
258:in 1827 by the German naturalist
254:The white-backed night heron was
242:in the family Ardeidae, found in
1808:
1177:
677:Borrow, Nik; Demey, Ron (2013).
649:IOC World Bird List Version 14.1
619:Check-List of Birds of the World
515:Check-List of Birds of the World
314:which is now considered to be a
73:
680:Birds of Senegal and The Gambia
238:) is a species of medium-sized
851:. BirdLife International. 2016
1:
325:. The species is treated as
291:. Based on the results of a
2273:Birds of Sub-Saharan Africa
710:Birds of the Horn of Africa
544:10.1093/ornithology/ukad005
2294:
746:"White-backed Night Heron
713:. Bloomsbury. p. 50.
683:. Bloomsbury. p. 42.
303:. Bonaparte specified the
1804:
1495:
1204:
1191:
1174:
987:
974:
936:
872:"Whitebacked Night Heron"
558:Bonaparte, Charles Lucien
205:
198:
179:
172:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
24:White-backed night heron
23:
931:and their extinct allies
775:Newman, Kenneth (2002).
643:, eds. (December 2023).
563:Conspectus Generum Avium
468:: e.T22697226A93603192.
407:call when alarmed and a
361:Distribution and habitat
230:white-backed night heron
2278:Birds described in 1827
2062:Calherodius leuconotus
1870:Calherodius leuconotus
843:Calherodius leuconotus
781:. Struik. p. 90.
454:Calherodius leuconotus
448:BirdLife International
235:Calherodius leuconotus
183:Calherodius leuconotus
2050:Gorsachius-leuconotus
2032:Paleobiology Database
1840:Gorsachius leuconotus
748:Nycticorax leuconotus
411:call when disturbed.
219:Gorsachius leuconotus
214:Nycticorax leuconotus
841:"Species factsheet:
490:Wagler, Johann Georg
382:Behavior and ecology
279:Japanese night heron
283:Malayan night heron
269:. He specified the
40:Conservation status
639:; Donsker, David;
256:formally described
244:sub-Saharan Africa
165:C. leuconotus
2250:
2249:
2019:Open Tree of Life
1832:Taxon identifiers
1823:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1482:
1481:
1370:Threskiornithinae
1257:Threskiornithidae
1187:
1186:
1172:
1171:
1148:
1147:
805:Birds of Botswana
754:HeronConservation
641:Rasmussen, Pamela
599:978-0-9568611-1-5
365:The white-backed
301:Charles Bonaparte
293:molecular genetic
226:
225:
154:
63:
2285:
2243:
2242:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2211:Ardea leuconotus
2202:
2201:
2189:
2188:
2176:
2175:
2173:26B5405963434723
2163:
2162:
2161:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2120:
2119:
2107:
2106:
2094:
2093:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2053:
2052:
2040:
2039:
2027:
2026:
2014:
2013:
2001:
2000:
1988:
1987:
1975:
1974:
1962:
1961:
1949:
1948:
1936:
1935:
1923:
1922:
1910:
1909:
1897:
1896:
1887:
1886:
1884:3C12AA44FDEE84C6
1874:
1873:
1872:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1827:
1814:
1812:
1772:
1722:
1678:
1661:
1555:
1538:
1528:
1518:
1501:
1493:
1379:
1336:
1326:
1316:
1306:
1295:
1285:
1275:
1262:
1235:
1219:
1206:
1193:
1182:
1181:
1109:
1099:
1076:
1066:
1050:Balaenicipitidae
1046:
1018:
1002:
989:
976:
913:
906:
899:
890:
883:
882:
876:
867:
861:
860:
858:
856:
837:
820:
819:
799:
793:
792:
772:
766:
765:
763:
761:
742:
725:
724:
704:
695:
694:
674:
661:
660:
658:
656:
633:
624:
623:
610:
604:
603:
580:
567:
554:
548:
547:
526:
520:
519:
506:
500:
499:
486:
480:
479:
477:
444:
333:are recognised.
320:Ardea leuconotus
267:Ardea leuconotus
209:Ardea leuconotus
185:
152:
78:
77:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2238:
2233:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2205:
2197:
2192:
2184:
2179:
2171:
2166:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2123:
2115:
2110:
2102:
2097:
2089:
2084:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2056:
2048:
2043:
2035:
2030:
2022:
2017:
2009:
2004:
1996:
1991:
1983:
1978:
1970:
1965:
1957:
1952:
1944:
1939:
1931:
1926:
1918:
1913:
1905:
1900:
1892:
1890:
1882:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1834:
1824:
1815:
1806:
1794:
1763:Tigriornithinae
1757:
1737:
1693:
1583:
1563:
1478:
1364:
1344:
1251:
1228:
1200:
1183:
1176:
1168:
1144:
1124:
1084:
1035:
1011:
983:
970:
932:
917:
887:
886:
874:
869:
868:
864:
854:
852:
839:
838:
823:
816:
801:
800:
796:
789:
774:
773:
769:
759:
757:
744:
743:
728:
721:
706:
705:
698:
691:
676:
675:
664:
654:
652:
635:
634:
627:
612:
611:
607:
600:
584:Dickinson, E.C.
582:
571:Zimmer, John T.
569:
556:
555:
551:
528:
527:
523:
508:
507:
503:
488:
487:
483:
446:
445:
436:
431:
417:
384:
363:
339:
309:Ardea cucullata
252:
194:
187:
181:
168:
153:Bonaparte, 1855
151:
72:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
2291:
2289:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2255:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2231:
2215:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2190:
2177:
2164:
2149:
2133:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2108:
2095:
2082:
2066:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2041:
2028:
2015:
2002:
1989:
1976:
1963:
1950:
1937:
1924:
1911:
1898:
1888:
1875:
1860:
1844:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1805:
1803:
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1799:
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1793:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1767:
1765:
1759:
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1755:
1747:
1745:
1739:
1738:
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1735:
1728:
1718:
1711:
1703:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1684:
1674:
1667:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1593:
1591:
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1573:
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1565:
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1507:
1496:
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1484:
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1462:
1455:
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1427:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1374:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1354:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1332:
1322:
1312:
1302:
1291:
1281:
1270:
1268:
1266:incertae sedis
1259:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1241:
1239:
1237:Xenerodiopidae
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1214:
1212:
1210:incertae sedis
1202:
1201:
1196:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1158:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1134:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1115:
1105:
1094:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1072:
1062:
1054:
1052:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1025:
1023:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
997:
995:
993:incertae sedis
985:
984:
981:Pelecaniformes
979:
972:
971:
969:
968:
966:Pelecaniformes
962:
956:
950:
944:
937:
934:
933:
918:
916:
915:
908:
901:
893:
885:
884:
870:A. P. Martin.
862:
821:
814:
794:
787:
767:
726:
719:
696:
689:
662:
625:
605:
598:
549:
538:(2): ukad005.
521:
501:
481:
433:
432:
430:
427:
416:
413:
383:
380:
362:
359:
338:
335:
316:junior synonym
251:
248:
224:
223:
222:
221:
216:
211:
203:
202:
196:
195:
188:
177:
176:
170:
169:
162:
160:
156:
155:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
127:Pelecaniformes
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
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100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
66:
65:
47:
44:
43:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2290:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2241:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1813:
1811:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1743:Cochleariinae
1740:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1515:
1513:
1512:
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960:Aequornithes
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865:
853:. Retrieved
849:birdlife.org
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18:
2159:Calherodius
2153:Wikispecies
2129:Calherodius
1967:iNaturalist
1864:Wikispecies
1752:Cochlearius
1654:Pilherodius
1511:Calherodius
1466:Theristicus
1459:Thaumatibis
1350:Plataleinae
1246:Xenerodiops
1163:See below ↓
1102:Eopelecanus
1090:Pelecanidae
1059:Balaeniceps
1020:Torotigidae
637:Gill, Frank
614:Mayr, Ernst
532:Ornithology
510:Mayr, Ernst
367:night heron
337:Description
297:Calherodius
148:Calherodius
2257:Categories
2045:Xeno-canto
1782:Tigriornis
1775:Taphophoyx
1715:Ixobrychus
1699:Botaurinae
1688:Zonerodius
1647:Nyctanassa
1640:Nycticorax
1633:Gorsachius
1558:Proardeola
1417:Lophotibis
1410:Geronticus
1389:Bostrychia
1278:Gerandibis
1222:Ardeacites
1079:Paludiavis
919:Genera of
855:22 October
760:25 October
429:References
393:amphibians
331:subspecies
288:Gorsachius
275:Senegambia
262:under the
2226:Q28065733
2144:Q28065722
2077:Q28065727
1789:Tigrisoma
1681:Zeltornis
1619:Butorides
1569:Agamiinae
1548:Oroanassa
1541:Nyctisoma
1521:Eoceornis
1452:Pseudibis
1403:Eudocimus
1382:Apteribis
1339:Xenicibis
1329:Vadaravis
1119:Pelecanus
1069:Goliathia
1005:Cladornis
940:Kingdom:
750:(Wagler)"
372:mangroves
327:monotypic
159:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
2268:Ardeidae
2220:Wikidata
2138:Wikidata
2117:22697226
2104:11027184
2091:22697226
2086:BirdLife
2071:Wikidata
1985:10860552
1849:Wikidata
1732:Zebrilus
1725:Pikaihao
1708:Botaurus
1664:Proardea
1612:Bubulcus
1589:Ardeinae
1488:Ardeidae
1445:Plegadis
1438:Phimosus
1431:Nipponia
1396:Cercibis
1359:Platalea
1309:Protibis
1298:Mopsitta
1130:Scopidae
1041:Pelecani
948:Chordata
946:Phylum:
942:Animalia
929:pelicans
655:4 August
573:(1926).
560:(1855).
492:(1827).
450:(2016).
397:mollusks
281:and the
250:Taxonomy
200:Synonyms
137:Ardeidae
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
2240:9136233
2199:1406829
2186:4850471
2168:Avibase
2024:3596772
2011:2767388
1972:1505859
1959:2480840
1933:1049032
1920:wbnher1
1894:wbnher1
1879:Avibase
1855:Q763338
1671:Syrigma
1626:Egretta
1605:Ardeola
1030:Torotix
964:Order:
958:Clade:
952:Class:
401:insects
376:marshes
193:, 1827)
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
2037:428404
1998:560272
1941:EURING
1578:Agamia
1531:Matuku
1288:Milnea
1139:Scopus
925:herons
812:
785:
717:
687:
596:
415:Status
351:rufous
323:Wagler
191:Wagler
2194:IRMNG
1980:IRMNG
1946:32210
1915:eBird
1907:6L29T
1891:BOW:
1598:Ardea
1198:Ardei
1154:Ardei
875:(PDF)
581:and
409:taash
405:kroak
347:lores
343:crest
329:: no
240:heron
2235:GBIF
2181:GBIF
2112:IUCN
2099:GBIF
2006:NCBI
1993:ITIS
1954:GBIF
954:Aves
921:ibis
857:2016
810:ISBN
783:ISBN
762:2016
715:ISBN
685:ISBN
657:2024
594:ISBN
466:2016
399:and
389:fish
374:and
355:down
228:The
117:Aves
1928:EoL
1902:CoL
540:doi
536:140
470:doi
318:of
307:as
273:as
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395:,
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1771:†
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1001:†
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859:.
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791:.
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693:.
659:.
602:.
546:.
542::
478:.
472::
456:"
452:"
232:(
189:(
62:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
