560:
568:
587:, inhabiting rain forests. Lar gibbons are usually active for an average of 8.7 hours per day, leaving their sleeping sites right around sunrise and entering sleeping trees an average of 3.4 hours before sunset. On average, lar gibbons spend their days feeding (32.6%), resting (26.2%), traveling (24.2%), in social activities (11.3%), vocalizing (4.0%) and in intergroup encounters (1.9%), although actual proportions of activities can change significantly over the course of the year. They rarely come to the ground, instead using their long arms to
50:
481:
369:
123:
81:
406:
444:, usually separated by large rivers. As a result, their range extends through southern and eastern Myanmar, but only east of the Salween River. They are found through the Malay Peninsula. Lar gibbons also exist west of the Mekong River in northwestern Laos and northern Sumatra. The lar gibbon can be found living in sympatry with several other primates and apes, including orangutans (
624:, which they protect by warding off other gibbons with their calls. Each morning, the family gathers on the edge of its territory and begins a "great call", a duet between the breeding pair. Each species has a typified call and each breeding pair has unique variations on that theme. The great call of
637:
Sexually, they are similar to other gibbons. Mating occurs in every month of the year, but most conceptions occur during the dry season in March, with a peak in births during the late rainy season, in
October. On average, females reproduce for the first time at about 11 years of age in the wild, much
591:
through the trees. With their hooked hands, they can move swiftly with great momentum, swinging from the branches. Although they rarely come to the ground naturally, while there, they walk bipedally with arms raised above their heads for balance. Their social organization is dominated by monogamous
376:
The fur coloring of the lar gibbon varies from black and dark-brown to light-brown, sandy colors. The hands and feet are white-colored, likewise a ring of white hair surrounds the black face. Both males and females can be all color variants, and the sexes also hardly differ in size. Gibbons are true
628:
is characterized by its frequent use of short hoots with more complex hoots, along with a "quavering" opening and closing. These calls are one of the traits used determining species differences among the gibbons. Recent studies indicate that gibbon song have evolved to communicate conflict in terms
492:
with fruit constituting 50% of its diet, but leaves (29%) are a substantial part, with insects (13%) and flowers (9%) forming the remainder. In the wild, lar gibbons will eat a large variety of foods, including figs and other small, sweet fruits, liana fruit, tree fruit and berries, as well as young
662:
Lar gibbons are threatened in various ways: they are sometimes hunted for their meat, sometimes a parent is killed to capture young animals for pets, but perhaps the most pervasive is the loss of habitat. Lar gibbon habitats are already threatened by forest clearance for the construction of roads,
647:
600:
groupings. This multimale polyandry may be attributed to cooperative territory use and female defense. As range size increases, males are more successful in defending it in a pair or group. Additionally, these extra pair copulations may increase the chance of reproduction with a mate of superior
638:
later than in captivity. Gestation is six months long on average, and pregnancies are usually of a single young. Young are nursed for approximately two years, and full maturity comes at about eight years. The life expectancy of the lar gibbons in the wild is about 25 years.
440:, hill dipterocarp forest, and upper dipterocarp forest, including primary lowland and submontane rainforest, mixed deciduous bamboo forest, and seasonal evergreen forest. They are not usually found higher than 1200 meters above sea level. The gibbon genus is highly
493:
leaves, buds and flowers, new shoots, vines, vine shoots, and insects, including mantids and wasps, and even birds' eggs. During the summer months, when figs and leaves are less available, insect consumption increases twenty-fold relative to the winter.
592:
family pairs, with one breeding male and one female along with their offspring. When a juvenile reaches sexual maturity, it is expelled from the family unit. However, this traditional conception has come under scrutiny. Long-term studies conducted in
381:, propelling themselves through the forest by swinging under the branches using their arms. Reflecting this mode of locomotion, the white-handed gibbon has curved fingers, elongated hands, extremely long arms and relatively short legs, giving it an
265:
559:
654:
652:
649:
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433:. In recent decades, especially, the continental range has been reduced and fragmented. Lar gibbons are likely extinct in China, but if they still exist, they would only be found in southwest Yunnan, their former range.
653:
651:
413:
Lar gibbons have the greatest north-south range of any of the gibbon species. They are found in
Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar and Thailand. Their range historically extended from
2164:
629:
of predation. In the presence of tiger, clouded leopard, crested serpent eagle and reticulated python songs were more likely to contain sharp wow elements than normal duets.
2073:
1889:
1954:
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2134:
2159:
2154:
2139:
650:
2114:
1434:
2060:
1863:
1349:"Ecology and site-based conservation of the white-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar L.) in human-use forests in Mae Hong Son province, northern Thailand"
1902:
899:
Brandon-Jones, D; Eudey, AA; Geissmann, T; Groves, CP; Melnick, DJ; Morales, JC; Shekelle, M; Stewart, CB (2004). "Asian primate classification".
612:
746:
2144:
1188:
1123:
713:
2174:
1139:
Reichard, U.; Sommer, V. (1997). "Group
Encounters in Wild Gibbons (Hylobates Lar): Agonism, Affiliation, and the Concept of Infanticide".
2124:
611:
2169:
1374:
2129:
1065:
863:
1928:
85:
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spp.) In
Thailand, lar gibbons probably number between 15,000 and 20,000, though there may be as few as 10 in China, if any.
1946:
1665:
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705:
1907:
1719:
1701:
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in
Thailand suggest their mating system is somewhat flexible, incorporating extra-pair copulations, partner changes and
389:. As with all apes, the number of caudal vertebrae has been reduced drastically, resulting in the loss of a functional
610:
1941:
1811:
1692:
2024:
1397:
1106:
Reichard, Ulrich H. (2009). "The Social
Organization and Mating System of Khao Yai White-Handed Gibbons: 1992-2006".
691:
1017:
Carpenter, CR. (1940). "A field study in Siam of the behavior and social relations of the gibbon (Hylobates Lar)".
122:
1253:
966:
Ellefson, JO (1974). "A natural history of white-handed gibbons in the
Malayan peninsula". In Rumbaugh, D. (ed.).
1959:
322:
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1420:
49:
429:
in primary and secondary tropical rain forests. It is also present in the northwest portion of the island of
2091:
1292:"Sexual swellings in wild white-handed gibbon females (Hylobates lar) indicate the probability of ovulation"
1751:
1608:
1599:
1303:
1210:
997:
593:
1993:
1816:
1710:
1211:"Mating patterns and sexual swellings in pair-living and multimale groups of wild white-handed gibbons,
1026:
480:
237:
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312:
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70:
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916:
621:
548:
437:
382:
332:
117:
1998:
1081:
Sommer, V.; Reichard, U. (2000). "Rethinking
Monogamy: The Gibbon Case". In Kappeler, P. (ed.).
934:
Chivers, DJ (1972). "The siamang and the gibbon in the Malay
Peninsula". In Rumbaugh, D. (ed.).
736:
2078:
1894:
699:
663:
agriculture, ecotourism, domesticated cattle and elephants, forest fires, subsistence logging,
572:
368:
1980:
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512:
352:
1985:
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2019:
1920:
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family, Hylobatidae. It is one of the better-known gibbons and is often kept in captivity.
1967:
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1039:
664:
426:
414:
983:"Status reassessment of the gibbons: Results of the Asian Primate Red List Workshop 2006"
912:
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214:
134:
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803:
1189:"The Anti-Predator Behaviour of Wild White-Handed Gibbons (Hylobates Lar)"
1167:
506:
503:
2045:
1972:
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1656:
1477:
1471:
1465:
952:
Dispersal, pair formation and social structure in gibbons (Hylobates lar)
584:
528:
524:
418:
386:
154:
1083:
Primate Males: Causes and
Consequences of Variation in Group Composition
2086:
2065:
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1632:
430:
293:
174:
58:
1881:
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1258:) lead group movements and have priority of access to food resources"
882:
Intragroup and intergroup social interactions in white-handed gibbons
532:
297:
204:
194:
164:
144:
1745:
1855:
1058:
The gibbons of Khao Yai: seasonal variation in behavior and ecology
393:. Gibbons have tough, bony padding on their buttocks, known as the
2006:
645:
608:
566:
558:
520:
479:
422:
404:
367:
107:
101:
938:. Vol. 1. Basel & New York: S. Karger. pp. 103–135.
701:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
516:
390:
1842:
1749:
1416:
1392:
970:. Vol. 3. Basel & New York: S. Karger. pp. 1–136.
949:
Brockelman WY, Reichard U, Treesucon U, Raemaekers JJ (1998).
409:
Climbing lar gibbon showing the darker fur of some individuals
1252:
Barelli, C; Boesch, C; Heistermann, M; Reichard, UH (2008).
1209:
Barelli, C; Heistermann, M; Boesch, C; Reichard, UH (2008).
1085:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 159–168.
539:. The most noticeable characteristic of the dentition of
1407:
1290:
Barelli C, Heistermann M, Boesch C, Reichard UH (2007).
601:
genetic quality and decrease the chance of infanticide.
547:
in both the upper and lower jaw. These canines are not
667:, new village settlement, and palm oil plantations.
2035:
1758:
1654:
1630:
1588:
1492:
849:
847:
832:"Gibbon Systematics and Species Identification"
1021:(5). Comparative Psychology Monographs: 1–212.
894:
892:
782:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10548A17967253.en
1428:
1375:images and movies of the white-handed gibbon
658:A captive lar gibbon looks out from its cage.
8:
571:A lar gibbon hanging and playing on rope in
1051:
1049:
955:. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 42. pp. 329–39.
825:
823:
523:). The dental arcade is U-shaped, and the
2165:Species endangered by oil palm plantations
1746:
1435:
1421:
1413:
263:
79:
48:
31:
1307:
1001:
780:
308:There are five subspecies of lar gibbon:
1110:. New York: Springer. pp. 347–384.
436:Lar gibbon are usually found in lowland
676:
1408:Gibbon Research Lab and Gibbon Network
1035:
1024:
858:. East Hampton, N.Y.: Pogonias Press.
856:Pictorial Guide to the Living Primates
757:Brockelman, W.; Geissmann, T. (2020).
682:
680:
543:is the presence of large, dagger-like
7:
2092:3612D124-672D-4A42-A2A3-784CDF09E066
1347:Yimkao, P; Srikosamatara, S (2006).
385:of 129.7, one of the highest of the
2150:Species endangered by deforestation
2135:Species endangered by the pet trade
1196:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
768:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
535:have low, rounded cusps with thick
2160:Species endangered by roadbuilding
913:10.1023/B:IJOP.0000014647.18720.32
885:. Int J Primatol. pp. 239–59.
25:
2155:Species endangered by agriculture
2140:Species endangered by use as food
2115:IUCN Red List endangered species
1666:Northern buffed-cheeked gibbon (
121:
1720:Southern white-cheeked gibbon (
1702:Northern white-cheeked gibbon (
1684:Eastern black crested gibbon (
1522:Bornean white-bearded gibbon (
1254:"Female white-handed gibbons (
1168:"Sound Gallery: Hylobates lar"
706:Johns Hopkins University Press
531:are broad and flat, while the
511:, the generalized formula for
1:
2145:Species endangered by logging
1693:Hainan black crested gibbon (
1231:10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.08.012
620:Family groups inhabit a firm
488:The lar gibbon is considered
1116:10.1007/978-0-387-88604-6_17
698:; Reeder, D. M (eds.).
2175:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1318:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.10.008
616:Pair of lar gibbons hooting
484:A lar gibbon eating carrots
2191:
2125:Primates of Southeast Asia
1618:Skywalker hoolock gibbon (
1393:Gibbon Conservation Center
1277:10.1163/156853908784089243
1060:. Routledge. p. 192.
2170:Mammals described in 1771
1732:
1454:
1443:Extant species of family
468:), and several macaques (
456:), purple-faced langurs (
271:
262:
243:
236:
118:Scientific classification
116:
99:
77:
68:
56:
47:
34:
2130:Endangered fauna of Asia
1609:Eastern hoolock gibbon (
1600:Western hoolock gibbon (
527:is thin and light. The
460:spp.), Thomas's langur (
401:Distribution and habitat
1711:Yellow-cheeked gibbon (
1153:10.1163/156853997x00106
1675:Black crested gibbon (
1353:Nat Hist Bull Siam Soc
1034:Cite journal requires
981:Geissmann, T. (2007).
879:Barlett, T.Q. (2003).
659:
617:
594:Khao Yai National Park
576:
564:
485:
410:
373:
323:Carpenter's lar gibbon
1994:Paleobiology Database
1540:Eastern grey gibbon (
1531:Western grey gibbon (
1296:Hormones and Behavior
1056:Bartlett TQ. (2009).
775:: e.T10548A17967253.
657:
615:
570:
562:
483:
452:), pileated gibbons (
408:
371:
288:), also known as the
1402:Animal Diversity Web
804:"Appendices | CITES"
708:. pp. 179–180.
364:Physical description
359:) (possibly extinct)
313:Malaysian lar gibbon
18:White-handed gibbons
1406:Thomas Geissmann's
1187:Clarke, E. (2011).
1166:Geissmann, Thomas.
854:Rowe, Noel (1996).
830:Geissmann, Thomas.
425:south to the whole
397:, or sitting pads.
395:ischial callosities
343:Sumatran lar gibbon
292:, is an endangered
290:white-handed gibbon
71:Conservation status
968:Gibbon and Siamang
936:Gibbon and Siamang
696:Wilson, D. E.
688:Groves, C. P.
660:
618:
577:
565:
549:sexually dimorphic
486:
476:Diet and dentition
466:Nycticebus coucang
454:Hylobates pileatus
438:dipterocarp forest
411:
383:intermembral index
374:
372:A close-up of head
333:Central lar gibbon
2102:
2101:
1981:Open Tree of Life
1752:Taxon identifiers
1743:
1742:
1567:Pileated gibbon (
1549:Müller's gibbon (
1448:
1383:Lar Gibbon photos
1147:(15): 1135–1174.
1125:978-0-387-88603-9
715:978-0-8018-8221-0
655:
613:
513:Old World monkeys
462:Presbytis thomasi
357:H. l. yunnanensis
353:Yunnan lar gibbon
337:H. l. entelloides
276:
275:
272:Lar gibbon range
111:
94:
16:(Redirected from
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704:(3rd ed.).
692:"Order Primates"
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1309:10.1.1.516.8946
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665:illegal logging
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415:southwest China
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1368:External links
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1036:|journal=
1009:
990:Gibbon Journal
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901:Int J Primatol
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498:dental formula
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458:Trachypithecus
450:S. syndactylus
446:Pongo pygmaeus
402:
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361:
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347:H. l. vestitus
340:
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320:
305:
302:
274:
273:
269:
268:
260:
259:
252:
241:
240:
234:
233:
226:
224:
220:
219:
212:
208:
207:
202:
198:
197:
192:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
114:
113:
100:
97:
96:
78:
75:
74:
69:
66:
65:
54:
53:
45:
44:
37:
27:Species of ape
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2187:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1804:Hylobates_lar
1800:
1796:
1791:
1790:Hylobates lar
1785:
1781:
1776:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1760:Hylobates lar
1757:
1753:
1748:
1738:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1713:N. gabriellae
1709:
1707:
1705:
1704:N. leucogenys
1700:
1698:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1668:N. annamensis
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1647:
1645:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1623:
1621:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1611:H. leuconedys
1607:
1605:
1603:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1581:
1579:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1524:H. albibarbis
1520:
1518:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1485:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1409:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1343:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1302:(2): 221–30.
1301:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1271:(7): 965–81.
1270:
1266:
1259:
1257:
1256:Hylobates lar
1248:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1213:Hylobates lar
1205:
1202:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1180:
1169:
1162:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1135:
1132:
1127:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1102:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1084:
1077:
1074:
1069:
1067:9780131915046
1063:
1059:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1028:
1020:
1013:
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1004:
999:
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991:
984:
977:
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962:
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945:
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930:
927:
922:
918:
914:
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902:
895:
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867:
865:9780964882515
861:
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848:
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826:
824:
820:
809:
805:
799:
796:
783:
778:
774:
770:
769:
764:
762:
761:Hylobates lar
753:
750:
747:
743:
740:
737:
733:
730:
725:
721:
717:
711:
707:
703:
702:
697:
693:
689:
683:
681:
677:
670:
668:
666:
641:
639:
632:
630:
627:
626:Hylobates lar
623:
605:Vocalisations
604:
602:
599:
595:
590:
586:
582:
574:
569:
561:
554:
552:
550:
546:
542:
541:Hylobates lar
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
499:
494:
491:
482:
475:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
448:), siamangs (
447:
443:
439:
434:
432:
428:
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420:
416:
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400:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
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363:
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341:
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328:
324:
321:
318:
314:
311:
310:
309:
303:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
286:
285:Hylobates lar
281:
270:
266:
261:
256:
250:
248:
247:Hylobates lar
242:
239:
238:Binomial name
235:
231:
230:
225:
222:
221:
218:
217:
213:
210:
209:
206:
203:
200:
199:
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143:
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136:
133:
130:
129:
124:
119:
115:
109:
103:
98:
92:
87:
76:
72:
67:
64:
60:
55:
51:
46:
41:
33:
30:
19:
2036:
1759:
1734:
1721:
1712:
1703:
1694:
1685:
1676:
1667:
1655:
1643:
1633:Symphalangus
1631:
1619:
1610:
1601:
1589:
1577:
1568:
1559:
1550:
1541:
1532:
1523:
1514:
1505:
1504:Lar gibbon (
1503:
1493:
1445:Hylobatidae
1401:
1376:
1359:(1): 109–38.
1356:
1352:
1342:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1268:
1264:
1255:
1247:
1222:
1218:
1212:
1204:
1195:
1182:
1171:. Retrieved
1161:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1107:
1101:
1082:
1076:
1057:
1027:cite journal
1018:
1012:
993:
989:
976:
967:
961:
951:
944:
935:
929:
904:
900:
881:
874:
855:
835:. Retrieved
811:. Retrieved
807:
798:
786:. Retrieved
772:
766:
760:
752:
742:
732:
700:
661:
642:Conservation
636:
633:Reproduction
625:
619:
578:
540:
495:
487:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
435:
412:
375:
356:
346:
336:
326:
316:
307:
289:
284:
283:
279:
277:
246:
244:
228:
227:
215:
191:Infraorder:
63:Zoo Salzburg
29:
1877:iNaturalist
1784:Wikispecies
1695:N. hainanus
1677:N. concolor
1620:H. tianxing
1569:H. pileatus
1551:H. muelleri
1542:H. funereus
1108:The Gibbons
788:19 November
598:polyandrous
519:(including
490:frugivorous
379:brachiators
229:H. lar
205:Hylobatidae
195:Simiiformes
40:Pleistocene
2109:Categories
1686:N. nasutus
1602:H. hoolock
1578:H. klossii
1533:H. abbotti
1484:Haplorhini
1482:Suborder:
1398:Lar Gibbon
1173:2009-04-29
1092:0521658462
907:: 97–164.
837:2006-04-13
813:2022-01-14
671:References
442:allopatric
280:lar gibbon
185:Haplorhini
181:Suborder:
104:Appendix I
86:Endangered
35:Lar gibbon
2120:Hylobates
2052:Q41165321
1642:Siamang (
1560:H. moloch
1515:H. agilis
1495:Hylobates
1458:Kingdom:
1447:(Gibbons)
1373:ARKive -
1304:CiteSeerX
1265:Behaviour
1141:Behaviour
998:CiteSeerX
808:cites.org
622:territory
589:brachiate
573:Lille Zoo
317:H. l. lar
223:Species:
216:Hylobates
141:Kingdom:
135:Eukaryota
61:, at the
2079:11105880
2046:Wikidata
2037:Homo lar
2007:Species+
1947:12100761
1895:10591163
1769:Wikidata
1736:Category
1657:Nomascus
1478:Primates
1472:Mammalia
1466:Chordata
1464:Phylum:
1460:Animalia
1334:39378245
1326:17137580
1239:53165961
996:: 5–15.
921:29045930
724:62265494
690:(2005).
585:arboreal
575:, France
563:Skeleton
555:Behavior
529:incisors
525:mandible
419:Thailand
387:primates
304:Taxonomy
255:Linnaeus
201:Family:
175:Primates
165:Mammalia
155:Chordata
151:Phylum:
145:Animalia
131:Domain:
91:IUCN 3.1
42:- recent
2087:ZooBank
2066:4827725
1934:1000732
1869:5219553
1775:Q208043
1722:N. siki
1591:Hoolock
1476:Order:
1470:Class:
581:diurnal
545:canines
507:2.1.2.3
504:2.1.2.3
431:Sumatra
296:in the
294:primate
257:, 1771)
211:Genus:
171:Order:
161:Class:
106: (
89: (
59:Austria
1999:231499
1986:995038
1908:573074
1856:HYLBLA
1843:127643
1506:H. lar
1332:
1324:
1306:
1237:
1122:
1089:
1064:
1000:
919:
862:
722:
712:
537:enamel
533:molars
521:humans
470:Macaca
298:gibbon
2074:IRMNG
1973:84018
1921:10548
1890:IRMNG
1882:43593
1830:3NFRS
1817:12449
1330:S2CID
1261:(PDF)
1235:S2CID
1192:(PDF)
986:(PDF)
917:S2CID
694:. In
423:Burma
108:CITES
102:CITES
2061:GBIF
2025:8422
2012:5852
1960:9580
1955:NCBI
1916:IUCN
1903:ITIS
1864:GBIF
1851:EPPO
1812:BOLD
1322:PMID
1120:ISBN
1087:ISBN
1062:ISBN
1040:help
860:ISBN
790:2021
773:2020
720:OCLC
710:ISBN
583:and
517:apes
515:and
496:Its
421:and
391:tail
278:The
2020:TSA
1942:MSW
1929:MDD
1838:EoL
1825:CoL
1799:ADW
1400:at
1314:doi
1273:doi
1269:145
1227:doi
1149:doi
1145:134
1112:doi
909:doi
777:doi
500:is
417:to
57:in
2111::
2089::
2076::
2063::
2048::
2022::
2009::
1996::
1983::
1970::
1957::
1944::
1931::
1918::
1905::
1892::
1879::
1866::
1853::
1840::
1827::
1814::
1801::
1786::
1771::
1357:54
1355:.
1351:.
1328:.
1320:.
1312:.
1300:51
1298:.
1294:.
1267:.
1263:.
1233:.
1223:75
1221:.
1217:.
1194:.
1143:.
1118:.
1048:^
1031::
1029:}}
1025:{{
1019:16
992:.
988:.
915:.
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903:.
891:^
846:^
822:^
806:.
771:.
765:.
718:.
679:^
551:.
1724:)
1715:)
1706:)
1697:)
1688:)
1679:)
1670:)
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1622:)
1613:)
1604:)
1580:)
1571:)
1562:)
1553:)
1544:)
1535:)
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1279:.
1275::
1241:.
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1198:.
1176:.
1155:.
1151::
1128:.
1114::
1095:.
1070:.
1042:)
1038:(
1006:.
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923:.
911::
868:.
840:.
816:.
792:.
779::
763:"
759:"
726:.
355:(
349:)
345:(
339:)
335:(
329:)
325:(
319:)
315:(
282:(
253:(
110:)
93:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
