562:
33:
594:) and 3 that are fairly unusual. They have a loud, structurally complex and unique, whistling song. This song is used between mates and young separated by vegetation and individuals searching for ants. An adult may also sing three or more short soft tweeting notes ("see-see-see") when searching for a young or a mate, followed by "beie, beie, beie" if they do not appear quickly. Their other calls are typically quieter and shorter than those of other species of antbird. Several of their calls are used for
544:. Although the plant chosen is alive, it will often have a mat of dead leaves at the crown. The nest is built sunken into these dead leaves to hide it from predators. The nests themselves are composed of dark-colored fibrous rootlets (inner lining) and dead leaves (outer layers). Typically two eggs are laid per clutch. The eggs have a rosy-white base color with many longitudinal rosy-brown flecks and a few rosy hairline markings covering the surface. After hatching, each
77:
199:
52:
387:, meaning both sexes look the same. Adults of both subspecies have the eponymous white tufts on their forehead and chin. Their crown and the rest of their face are black; the nominate subspecies has a white stripe over and behind the eye. Their upperparts and wings are gray. Their nape, tail, and underparts are rufous-chestnut with a gray tinge on the flanks. Their feet and
527:
The courtship of white-plumed antbirds is essentially the same as in other antbirds. Courtship involves the male feeding the female, mutual grooming and the male showing the female possible nest sites, a display known as "draping". Both the female and male help build the nest. White-plumed antbirds
514:
While foraging, white-plumed antbirds may remain immobile for long periods of time so that they will not be attacked by larger antbirds or predators. In case of confrontation or alarm, they may "panic, flee and chip" instead. This reaction to danger involves the bird darting back and forth making
477:
White-plumed antbirds are very persistent in holding on to territories and may remain even in case of conflict with other individuals, if enough food sources are available. They are generally solitary outside of the breeding season and will tend to follow individual ant swarms through the forest.
468:
Each pair occupies a home range exceeding 200 ha (490 acres) in order to ensure that swarms of army ants to follow to food can be found at all times. The species generally shuns open landscapes and will not cross rivers. They have, however, been found crossing roads to get from one patch of
403:
strategy, meaning that the juvenile performs a preliminary molt before it molts into its characteristic adult feathers. This first molt occurs soon after they begin to feed themselves. As adults, they perform at most one molt a year and plumage remains unchanging. A complete wing molt is quite
611:
has assessed the white-plumed antbird as being of Least
Concern. It has a very large range, and though its population size is not known it is believed to be stable. No immediate threats have been identified. It is considered abundant throughout its range and occurs in many protected areas. In
598:
and as predation warnings. There are two main calls with the latter function, one that is very high and thin because it is hard to locate the source of such sounds, and a kind of buzzing (aimed mostly at ground predators and humans) that mimics the lower warning growls of carnivores.
395:
is about 1.16 cm (0.46 in) long and 0.47 cm (0.19 in) wide, indicative of its insect food source. Juvenile birds do not have the white plumes, postocular streak, and rufous-chestnut "collar" of adults, and their upperparts are browner and underparts grayer.
1387:
812:
Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 4 March 2024. A classification of the bird species of South
America. American Ornithological Society.
782:
Clements, J. F., P.C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2023. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2023. Downloaded from
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addition, its range "encompasses extensive intact habitat which, while not formally protected, seems at little risk of being developed in near future appears to survive in partially logged forest, although not in small forest fragments."
718:
Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 4 March 2024. Species Lists of Birds for South
American Countries and Territories.
482:, which is the process of brushing small insects through their wing and tail feathers. It is still unknown whether the main function of this process is to ease irritation during molting, kill mites, or detoxify distasteful insects.
404:
variable, slow and irregular, especially in breeding birds. The molt takes approximately 301 days to complete, thus there can only be a single annual molt. molts may not occur annually and can start at any time of year.
457:. It occurs in higher abundance in forests with high canopies, high vegetation complexity, and many plant species. In elevation it occurs up to 1,350 m (4,400 ft) in Brazil, to 2,250 m (7,400 ft) on
436:
is found from extreme western
Venezuela south through eastern Colombia, Brazil west of the Rio Negro, and eastern Ecuador into northern and central Peru. In Peru it occurs north of the Amazon and
494:
that eats insects, arthropods, and at times lizards. It typically forages within 1 m (3 ft) of the ground but will feed up to 1 m (3 ft) above it. It seldom joins
515:
chipping noises, spreading its tail and flicking rapidly to find their last prey items before fleeing. In reaction to human presence, the bird tends to make a chirring sound and
552:, they breed for much of the year and females are known to leave their mate (caring for their offspring) in order to start a new nest with a new mate as quickly as possible.
796:
HBW and BirdLife
International (2022) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 7. Available at:
769:), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.
1547:
1586:
1653:
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Laurance, SG; Stouffer, PC; Laurance, WF (2004). "Effects of road clearings on movements patterns of understory rainforest birds in central
Amazonia".
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1678:
1560:
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Wolfe, JD; Stouffer, PC; Seeholzer, GF (2014). "Variation in tropical bird survival across longitude and guilds: a case study from the Amazon".
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Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
1683:
1673:
1248:
Willson, SK (2004). "Obligate army ant-following birds: a study of ecology, spatial movement patterns, and behavior in
Amazonian Peru".
383:
The white-plumed antbird is 11.5 to 12.5 cm (4.5 to 4.9 in) and weighs 18 to 23 g (0.63 to 0.81 oz). The species is
797:
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This species has 11 different calls (described in detail by Willis (1981)), 8 of which are similar to another species (the
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in
Venezuela, and to 1,100 m (3,600 ft) in Colombia and Ecuador. They show higher survival in the eastern
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32:
516:
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Johnson, EI; Wolfe, JD (2014). "Thamnophilidae (antbird) molt strategies in a central
Amazonian rainforest".
1288:
1132:
Rylands, AB; Da Cruz, MAOM; Ferrari, SF (1989). "An association between marmosets and army ants in Brazil".
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742:(in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (12th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 339.
367:, and the two may be distinguished by smaller length and weight, shorter tails, and louder songs in
842:"Systematics of the obligate ant-following clade of antbirds (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae)"
317:
285:
41:
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The nominate subspecies of the white-plumed antbird is found in the southern
Venezuelan states of
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https://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v7_Dec22.zip
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982:"Bird communities in two types of anthropogenic successional vegetation in central Amazonia"
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swarms. As many as 20 individuals have been noted following a swarm.
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911:"Diversity in adversity: the behavior of two subordinate antbirds"
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but this treatment has found little acceptance. It shares genus
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1076:. Vol. II. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. p. 429.
1047:
McMullan, Miles; Donegan, Thomas M.; Quevedo, Alonso (2010).
335:, 1884). Some taxonomists have separated a third subspecies,
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of the white-plumed antbird was by the Swedish naturalist
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https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
765:
Zimmer, K. and M.L. Isler (2020). White-plumed Antbird (
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is fed for about a month. In certain locations, such as
1026:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 256–257.
721:
https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm
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in the lowlands and foothills and also adjacent mature
1178:
Willis, ED; Oniki, Y (1978). "Birds and army ants".
1406:
815:
https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm
657:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22701856A93852000.en
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1072:Ridgely, Robert S.; Greenfield, Paul J. (2001).
576:Listen to the white-plumed antbird on xeno-canto
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502:, feeding almost entirely on prey disturbed by
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399:The white-plumed antbird uses a complex basic
440:and along the base of the Andes south to the
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840:Isler, ML; Bravo, GA; Brumfield, RT (2014).
428:and north of the Amazon to the Atlantic in
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1051:. Bogotá: Fundación ProAves. p. 139.
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444:. The species inhabits the understorey of
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244:, the "typical antbirds". It is found in
1180:Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
1293:"Breeding of the white-plumed antbird (
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771:https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.whpant1.01
627:
625:
240:in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family
236:) is a small species of insectivorous
1346:"A nest of the white-plumed antbird (
928:10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v30i3p159-234
7:
1049:Field Guide to the Birds of Colombia
1024:A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil
1654:IUCN Red List least concern species
1192:10.1146/annurev.es.09.110178.001331
643:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
532:atop live vegetation such as small
1388:White-plumed antbird photo gallery
478:Like other antbirds, they perform
14:
1074:The Birds of Ecuador: Field Guide
980:Borges, SH; Stouffer, PC (1999).
312:The white-plumed antbird has two
1227:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00268.x
1207:Society for Conservation Biology
560:
75:
632:BirdLife International (2016).
490:The white-plumed antbird is an
1679:Birds of the Ecuadorian Amazon
1:
947:Wilson Journal of Ornithology
846:Wilson Journal of Ornithology
496:mixed-species feeding flocks
424:, and in Brazil east of the
1694:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1134:Journal of Tropical Ecology
800:retrieved December 13, 2022
1710:
1684:Birds of Peruvian Amazonia
1674:Birds of the Guiana Shield
787:retrieved October 28, 2023
530:bottom-supported cup nests
1250:Ornithological Monographs
1146:10.1017/s0266467400003278
391:are bright orange. Their
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72:Scientific classification
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650:: e.T22701856A93852000.
408:Distribution and habitat
1689:Birds described in 1766
1022:van Perlo, Ber (2009).
817:retrieved March 5, 2024
723:retrieved March 5, 2024
692:, eds. (January 2024).
773:retrieved May 22, 2024
528:typically build their
442:Department of Ayacucho
465:than in the western.
26:White-plumed antbird
915:Arquivos de Zoologia
349:white-masked antbird
302:. He introduced the
228:white-plumed antbird
1219:2004ConBi..18.1099L
1111:2014Oikos.123..964W
698:IOC World Bird List
469:forest to another.
218:Linnaeus, 1766
42:Conservation status
1669:Birds of Venezuela
1344:Ingels, J (1980).
688:; Donsker, David;
596:agonistic behavior
432:state. Subspecies
286:formal description
1664:Birds of Colombia
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1613:Open Tree of Life
1400:Taxon identifiers
1119:10.1111/oik.00849
1083:978-0-8014-8721-7
1058:978-0-9827615-0-2
1033:978-0-19-530155-7
690:Rasmussen, Pamela
592:Bicolored Antbird
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329:P. a. peruvianus
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307:Pipra albifrons
299:Systema Naturae
294:twelfth edition
292:in 1766 in the
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373:Phaenostictus
370:
366:
365:sister genera
362:
361:Phaenostictus
358:
354:
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304:binomial name
301:
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290:Carl Linnaeus
287:
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258:French Guiana
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172:Binomial name
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129:Passeriformes
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69:
63:
58:
57:Least Concern
47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
24:
21:
19:
1407:
1360:
1356:
1347:
1307:
1303:
1294:
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1253:
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1210:
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702:. Retrieved
697:
661:. Retrieved
647:
641:
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589:
586:Vocalization
569:
559:
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523:Reproduction
513:
489:
476:
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411:
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382:
372:
368:
360:
356:
353:P. castaneus
352:
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327:, 1766) and
320:
311:
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297:
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227:
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214:
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180:
178:
162:
161:
149:
20:
18:
1600:Neotropical
1535:iNaturalist
1432:Wikispecies
1186:: 243–263.
1140:: 113–116.
686:Gill, Frank
663:11 November
498:. It is an
492:insectivore
459:Cerro Duida
447:terra firme
422:the Guianas
385:monomorphic
379:Description
333:Taczanowski
1648:Categories
1626:Xeno-canto
1289:Willis, EO
907:Willis, EO
694:"Antbirds"
616:References
341:peruvianus
314:subspecies
284:The first
704:4 January
546:fledgling
504:army ants
426:Rio Negro
347:with the
274:Venezuela
157:Species:
95:Kingdom:
89:Eukaryota
1579:22701856
1553:10424828
1514:45512817
1452:22701856
1447:BirdLife
1417:Wikidata
1291:(1972).
1270:40166802
1235:37775991
1154:85967794
909:(1981).
866:83806772
736:(1766).
700:. v 14.1
473:Behavior
418:Amazonas
325:Linnaeus
318:nominate
280:Taxonomy
270:Suriname
250:Colombia
207:Synonyms
189:Linnaeus
135:Family:
109:Chordata
105:Phylum:
99:Animalia
85:Domain:
62:IUCN 3.1
1605:whpant1
1527:5230844
1501:whpant1
1475:whpant1
1423:Q790515
1390:VIREO ]
1324:4084077
1215:Bibcode
1107:Bibcode
1009:1370182
967:6014691
414:Bolívar
339:, from
296:of his
254:Ecuador
191:, 1766)
145:Genus:
125:Order:
115:Class:
60: (
1659:Pithys
1592:265642
1566:562211
1382:Guyana
1378:Stamps
1322:
1268:
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1080:
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989:Condor
965:
864:
603:Status
550:Manaus
538:sedges
480:anting
389:tarsus
369:Pithys
357:Pithys
345:Pithys
316:, the
272:, and
262:Guyana
246:Brazil
150:Pithys
1618:77818
1548:IRMNG
1540:15880
1496:eBird
1488:77LS5
1472:BOW:
1465:72523
1380:(for
1353:(PDF)
1320:JSTOR
1300:(PDF)
1266:JSTOR
1231:S2CID
1150:S2CID
1099:Oikos
1005:JSTOR
985:(PDF)
963:S2CID
862:S2CID
534:palms
430:Amapá
371:than
1587:NCBI
1574:IUCN
1561:ITIS
1522:GBIF
1460:BOLD
1078:ISBN
1053:ISBN
1028:ISBN
706:2024
665:2021
648:2016
609:IUCN
607:The
540:and
486:Diet
416:and
401:molt
393:bill
363:are
359:and
266:Peru
238:bird
226:The
119:Aves
1509:EoL
1483:CoL
1357:Auk
1312:doi
1304:Auk
1258:doi
1223:doi
1188:doi
1142:doi
1115:doi
1103:123
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
