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The nest is placed 2–20 m (6 ft 7 in – 65 ft 7 in) above the ground, usually against the trunk of a conifer. The nest is built by the female and mainly consists of conifer twigs. The clutch of 3-4 eggs is incubated by the female for 14-15 days. The chicks are fed by both
455:
The main plumage distinction from the red crossbill is the white wingbars which give this species its
English and scientific names. There are also white tips to the tertials. The adult male is also a somewhat brighter (pinker) red than other male crossbills. Some red crossbills occasionally show weak
526:
south if its food source fails. The
American race seems to wander more frequently than the Eurosiberian subspecies. This species will form flocks outside the breeding season, often mixed with other crossbills. It is a rare visitor to western Europe, usually arriving with an irruption of
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412:
The two-barred crossbill is 14.5–17 cm (5.7–6.7 in) in length and weighs 25–40 g (0.88–1.41 oz). It has short legs, a forked tail, a crossed bill and two prominent white wing-bars. The male of the
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cones, and the unusual bill shape is an adaptation to assist the extraction of the seeds from the cone. The two-barred crossbill has a strong preference for
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491:), and differs from the two-barred crossbill in darker plumage, a stouter bill, and its geographic isolation compared to other crossbill species.
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Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
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means "wing"). Gmelin based his account on the "white winged crossbill" that had been described in 1783 by the
English ornithologist
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are black with white fringes. The female lacks the pink and instead has greenish-yellow head and upperparts.
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The two-barred is easier to identify than other crossbills, especially in North
America, where only the
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806:. Vol. 15: Weavers to New World Warblers. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 440–617 .
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684:(in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 2 (13th ed.). Lipsiae : Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 844.
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parents. They fledge after 22-24 days but then remain with their parents for up to 6 weeks.
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white wingbars, so care is needed with the correct identification of this species. The
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701:. Vol. 14. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 293.
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has forehead, crown, nape and upper-parts bright raspberry-red. The
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range, this species is smaller-headed and smaller-billed than the
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are black or blackish brown with pink edges. The upper tail
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call is weaker and higher than that of the red crossbill.
394:, 1827) – north Europe to east Siberia and northeast China
507:, Canada, the northernmost United States and across the
802:. In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Christie, D.A. (eds.).
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654:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22728944A111144194.en
475:), but is now treated as a distinct species: the
796:Collar, N.J.; Newton, I.; Clement, P. (2010).
8:
715:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
831:Cyberbirding: Two-barred Crossbill pictures
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317:. He placed it with the crossbills in the
229:
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718:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 225.
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522:is mainly resident, but will irregularly
515:. It nests in conifers, laying 3–5 eggs.
564:), and in North America Tamarack larch (
556:), in Eurosiberia using Siberian larch (
471:was previously treated as a subspecies (
372:. Latham had examined a specimen in the
621:
307:in his revised and expanded edition of
576:) berries, and in North America, also
1265:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin
1079:two-barred-crossbill-loxia-leucoptera
791:
789:
774:. International Ornithologists' Union
440:) and this species occur. Within its
403:, 1789 – Alaska, Canada and north USA
7:
1043:4d05b8ca-b1c3-445c-89cc-1a6cc955daca
855:White-winged Crossbill photo gallery
695:Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1968).
1245:IUCN Red List least concern species
836:Two-barred Crossbill at Oiseaux.net
640:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
804:Handbook of the Birds of the World
25:
303:in 1789 by the German naturalist
287:forests of North America and the
772:IOC World Bird List Version 13.2
698:Check-List of Birds of the World
98:
799:"Family Fringillidae (Finches)"
629:BirdLife International (2017).
544:They are specialist feeders on
1:
483:). It is associated with the
463:Another crossbill species on
299:The two-barred crossbill was
857:at VIREO (Drexel University)
842:"Two-barred Crossbill media"
745:A General Synopsis of Birds
370:A General Synopsis of Birds
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712:Jobling, James A. (2010).
473:Loxia leucoptera megaplaga
861:Interactive range map of
647:: e.T22728944A111144194.
511:extending into northeast
368:in his multi-volume work
237:
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210:
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95:Scientific classification
93:
71:
62:
58:Male above, female below
57:
48:
39:
34:
847:Internet Bird Collection
676:Gmelin, Johann Friedrich
499:This bird breeds in the
495:Distribution and habitat
356:meaning "white-winged" (
1260:Birds described in 1789
345:. The specific epithet
333:. Gmelin specified the
305:Johann Friedrich Gmelin
1066:white-winged-crossbill
608:
560:) and Dahurian larch (
263:white-winged crossbill
18:White-winged crossbill
603:
568:). It will also take
477:Hispaniolan crossbill
35:Two-barred crossbill
1038:Fauna Europaea (new)
768:"Finches, euphonias"
766:, eds. (July 2023).
259:two-barred crossbill
415:nominate subspecies
283:. It breeds in the
65:Conservation status
868:IUCN Red List maps
762:; Donsker, David;
609:
489:Pinus occidentalis
450:Scottish crossbill
360:means "white" and
301:formally described
196:L. leucoptera
1232:
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882:Taxon identifiers
813:978-84-96553-68-2
764:Rasmussen, Pamela
725:978-1-4081-2501-4
438:Loxia curvirostra
255:
254:
250: Nonbreeding
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16:(Redirected from
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1222:Loxia-leucoptera
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582:Tsuga canadensis
540:Food and feeding
485:Hispaniolan pine
446:parrot crossbill
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398:L. l. leucoptera
388:L. l. bifasciata
383:are recognised:
331:Loxia leucoptera
268:Loxia leucoptera
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244: Year-round
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326:and coined the
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740:Latham, John
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658:. Retrieved
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590:Picea glauca
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586:white spruce
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281:Fringillidae
275:bird in the
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238:Distribution
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162:Fringillidae
29:
1139:NatureServe
1087:iNaturalist
914:Wikispecies
760:Gill, Frank
660:12 November
566:L. laricina
562:L. gmelinii
503:forests of
408:Description
376:in London.
366:John Latham
354:leukopteros
172:Carduelinae
168:Subfamily:
1239:Categories
1217:Xeno-canto
616:References
509:Palearctic
501:coniferous
465:Hispaniola
442:Palearctic
401:Gmelin, JF
381:subspecies
347:leucoptera
339:Hudson Bay
289:Palearctic
285:coniferous
221:Gmelin, JF
778:24 August
592:) cones.
535:Behaviour
520:crossbill
469:Caribbean
421:scapulars
392:Brehm, CL
273:passerine
190:Species:
118:Kingdom:
112:Eukaryota
1144:2.105473
1131:22728944
1105:11177947
955:22728944
950:BirdLife
939:BioLib:
899:Wikidata
742:(1783).
678:(1789).
596:Breeding
349:is from
343:New York
335:locality
295:Taxonomy
158:Family:
132:Chordata
128:Phylum:
122:Animalia
108:Domain:
85:IUCN 3.1
1196:1484471
1056:8144830
905:Q331190
546:conifer
467:in the
427:coverts
279:family
178:Genus:
148:Order:
138:Class:
83: (
1118:179268
1063:GNAB:
1012:EURING
991:whwcro
965:whwcro
933:whwicr
810:
722:
584:) and
574:Sorbus
524:irrupt
513:Europe
505:Alaska
487:tree (
362:pteron
358:leukos
248:
242:
223:, 1789
1250:Loxia
1170:96539
1100:IRMNG
1092:10423
1030:97477
1017:16650
999:EUNIS
986:eBird
978:3W8WT
962:BOW:
604:Egg,
570:rowan
554:Larix
550:larch
518:This
323:Loxia
319:genus
277:finch
183:Loxia
1209:9677
1191:OBIS
1165:NCBI
1126:IUCN
1113:ITIS
1051:GBIF
1004:8741
942:9013
808:ISBN
780:2023
720:ISBN
662:2021
645:2017
606:MHNT
458:chip
448:and
379:Two
341:and
257:The
142:Aves
1204:TSA
1183:352
1152:NBN
1074:IBC
973:CoL
929:ABA
866:at
649:doi
337:as
311:'s
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
