451:
712:
344:
661:
1130:
736:
611:
685:
755:
641:
55:
629:
724:
700:
42:
673:
1507:
558:
352:
594:
in New Jersey during the late 1800s and early 1900s. The species is a lawn tree across the desert cities of the southwestern United States, prized for its shade and also for its cylindrical berry clusters composed of sweet, purplish-white fruits. The plant's pollen is problematic in some cities where
363:
may be up to 30 cm (12 in) long, and deeply and intricately lobed, with the lobes rounded. On older trees, the leaves are generally 5â15 cm (2.0â5.9 in) long, unlobed, cordate at the base and rounded to acuminate at the tip, and serrated on the margins. Generally, the trees are
315:
tree which grows to 10â20 m (33â66 ft) tall. It is generally a short-lived tree with a lifespan comparable to that of humans, although there are some specimens known to be more than 250 years old. The species is native to China and India and is widely cultivated and naturalized elsewhere
383:; male catkins are 2â3.5 cm (0.8â1.4 in) long, and female catkins 1â2 cm (0.4â0.8 in) long. Male and female flowers are usually found on separate trees although they may occur on the same tree. The
521:
regions as well, and would survive in elevations as high as 4,000 metres (13,000 ft). They thrive in mildly acidic, well drained, sandy loam and clayey loam soils, though they can withstand poor soils as well.
502:
More recently, it has become widely naturalized in disturbed areas such as roadsides and the edges of tree lots, along with urban areas in much of North
America, where it hybridizes readily with the locally native
568:
White mulberry leaves are the preferred feedstock for silkworms, and are also cut for food for livestock (cattle, goats, etc.) in areas where dry seasons restrict the availability of ground vegetation.
387:
is 1â1.5 cm (0.4â0.6 in) long. In the wild it is deep purple, but in many cultivated plants it varies from white to pink. It is sweet but bland, unlike the more intense flavor of the
735:
450:
1487:
2207:
1321:
Li, Yuzhe; Zhang, Xiaopeng; Liang, Chunlai; Hu, Jing; Yu, Zhou (2018). "Safety evaluation of mulberry leaf extract: Acute, subacute toxicity and genotoxicity studies".
1884:
1972:
1472:
472:
and has since been introduced in other countries. The
Ancient Greeks and Romans cultivated the mulberry for silkworms. At least as early as 220 AD, Emperor
406:
act as catapults, releasing stored elastic energy in just 25 Ξs. The resulting movement is approximately 380 miles per hour (610 km/h), about half the
660:
817:
881:
Patel, Raman; Hazra, Taposhi; Rana, Rajendra Singh; Hazra, Manoshi; Bera, Subir; Khan, Mahasin Ali (2021). "First fossil record of mulberry from Asia".
711:
549:
caused by "adverse effects of white mulberry leaf ingestion"; the leaf is used as a dietary supplement or herbal remedy for weight loss and diabetes.
1809:
640:
1910:
1835:
1546:
1537:
1092:
Taylor, Philip; Gwyneth Card; James House; Michael
Dickinson; Richard Flagan (2006-03-01). "High-speed pollen release in the white mulberry tree,
583:
in the U.S. The industry never materialized, but the mulberry variety is now used as an ornamental tree where shade is desired without the fruit.
1484:
1373:
2057:
1408:
2187:
2177:
1206:
754:
2202:
510:. There is now serious concern for the long-term genetic viability of the red mulberry because of extensive hybridization in some areas.
1747:
2197:
1178:
343:
684:
1822:
2172:
1871:
723:
1938:
1443:
610:
2036:
1915:
1959:
1542:
699:
628:
1262:
Hong, Min; Lu, Min; Qian, Yimin; Wei, Liping; Zhang, Yaqun; Pan, Xueying; Li, Hua; Chen, Huaying; Tang, Naping (2021).
2083:
1897:
1672:
1649:
1026:
954:
2070:
822:
742:
1977:
1933:
1022:
950:
2075:
1061:
514:
1485:
University of
Arizona Cooperative Extension, Yavapai County, Plants That May Cause Allergies in Yavapai County
54:
2182:
1796:
1244:
Burgess, K.S., Morgan, M., Deverno, L., & Husband, B. C. (2005). Asymmetrical introgression between two
1801:
1788:
1194:
The
Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants, Mushrooms, Fruits, and Nuts: How to Find, Identify, and Cook Them
1008:
930:
2167:
1783:
1687:
1572:
843:
573:
316:(including United States, Mexico, Australia, Kyrgyzstan, Argentina, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and many others).
1677:
850:
171:
1840:
1528:
977:
672:
2212:
2192:
1987:
1721:
890:
399:
1762:
590:'Pendula', is used as an ornamental plant. It was planted at several grand stations built along the
2021:
591:
488:
1951:
2139:
1713:
1383:
1354:
1149:
1113:
832:
232:
49:
2121:
2062:
1412:
1889:
484:
in the fifteenth century. In 2002, 6,260 km of land were devoted to the species in China.
476:
wore a silk robe. It was introduced into other parts of Europe in the twelfth century and into
2008:
1695:
1439:
1346:
1338:
1303:
1285:
1212:
1202:
1174:
906:
579:
For landscaping, a fruitless mulberry was developed from a clone for use in the production of
1558:
1076:
863:
2013:
1396:
1330:
1293:
1275:
1105:
898:
788:
651:
481:
1863:
1610:
1511:
2131:
1995:
1491:
1264:"A 90-day Sub-chronic Oral Toxicity Assessment of Mulberry Extract in Sprague Dawley Rats"
777:
546:
92:
41:
2049:
2026:
1775:
1621:
894:
808:
2044:
1298:
1263:
826:
542:
531:
407:
392:
332:
79:
1040:
468:
Cultivation of white mulberry to nourish silkworms began more than 4,700 years ago in
2161:
1553:
1021:. Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org,
477:
312:
187:
148:
1117:
1016:
2144:
1827:
1700:
1518:
1358:
1198:
902:
504:
388:
1654:
1641:
1458:
2088:
1925:
2111:
1964:
1946:
1848:
1604:
1559:
Invasive.org: U.S. National Forest
Service, Invasive Species Weed of the Week â
1334:
782:
499:
to southern Europe for more than a thousand years for leaves to feed silkworms.
492:
460:
1631:
1506:
395:. The seeds are widely dispersed in the droppings of birds that eat the fruit.
1280:
1109:
771:
473:
17:
1752:
1595:
1342:
1289:
1216:
910:
1770:
1734:
596:
518:
455:
369:
365:
320:
2101:
1902:
1350:
1307:
2000:
1554:
Morton
Arboretum: Diagnostic photos of white mulberry tree (acc. 380*82-1)
1268:
INQUIRY: The
Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing
1192:
557:
2096:
1589:
1378:
138:
105:
1664:
1049:
County-level distribution map from the North
American Plant Atlas (NAPA)
1814:
1708:
1436:
The
Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Western Region
1150:
Purdue University. Center for New Crops & Plant Products. NewCROP:
538:
351:
128:
1853:
746:
403:
380:
376:
328:
118:
1876:
1566:
576:
in Korea. The fruit are also eaten, often dried or made into wine.
1739:
1232:
556:
469:
384:
350:
342:
66:
1131:
Schaffner, John H. 1919. The nature of the diecious condition in
534:
have not found mulberry extract to present significant toxicity.
368:
in temperate regions, but trees grown in tropical regions may be
620:
580:
496:
360:
324:
1726:
1570:
1374:"Congressman's wife died after taking herbal remedy marketed"
410:, making it the fastest known movement in the plant kingdom.
864:"The thickest, tallest, and oldest white mulberry trees (
849:
by Weeds of Australia - Biosecurity Queensland Edition (
1423:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team.
1015:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
1252:
that differ in abundance. Molec. Ecol. 14: 3471â3483.
398:
The white mulberry is scientifically notable for the
319:
The white mulberry is widely cultivated to feed the
1579:
1438:(Chanticleer Press ed.). Knopf. p. 424.
1077:SEINet, Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona chapter
541:'s report, Lori McClintock, wife of US politician
513:The species is now extensively planted and widely
327:. It is also notable for the rapid release of its
402:involved in pollen release from its catkins. The
929:Wu, Zhengyi; Zhou, Zhe-Kun; Gilbert, Michael G.
545:, died in December 2021 from dehydration due to
454:Mulberry leaves placed on trays with silkworms (
1087:
1085:
1051:. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
760:Mulberries fallen to the ground in peak season.
831:Note that this website has been superseded by
745:in 1922 in attempt to build silk industry in
331:, which is launched at greater than half the
8:
1018:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)
2208:Plants used in traditional Chinese medicine
1171:Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles
517:throughout the warm temperate world and in
311:, is a fast-growing, small to medium-sized
1567:
818:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
40:
31:
1297:
1279:
323:employed in the commercial production of
449:
1547:United States Department of Agriculture
1538:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1228:
1226:
1165:
1163:
1161:
924:
922:
920:
800:
606:
1323:Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology
1139:. Ohio Journal of Science 18: 101-125.
666:Leaves and male flowers in the spring.
595:it has been blamed for an increase in
1421:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
1079:photos, description, distribution map
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
883:Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
7:
1988:2045718a-6fcc-42e3-9118-d870eae5d67e
335:. Its berries are edible when ripe.
1372:Young, Samantha (August 24, 2022).
2076:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30051955-2
487:It has been grown widely from the
25:
774:, which has similar-looking fruit
1505:
753:
734:
722:
710:
698:
683:
671:
659:
639:
627:
609:
53:
1459:Pollen Library, White Mulberry
359:On young, vigorous shoots, the
1197:(2nd ed.). Guilford, CN:
1007:Wunderlin, Richard P. (1997).
903:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2021.104459
1:
1543:Agricultural Research Service
1191:Lyle, Katie Letcher (2010) .
2188:Crops originating from China
2178:Flora of North-Central China
1062:Atlas of Living Australia,
646:Pennsylvania state champion
2203:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1434:Little, Elbert L. (1994) .
1335:10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.03.007
1233:White mulberry (Morus alba)
1027:Harvard University Herbaria
955:Harvard University Herbaria
705:Flowers and leaves in Spain
572:The leaves are prepared as
2229:
823:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
743:Edmond James de Rothschild
729:'Pendula' cultivar in Iran
1281:10.1177/00469580211056044
1110:10.1007/s00497-005-0018-9
1098:Sexual Plant Reproduction
1023:Missouri Botanical Garden
951:Missouri Botanical Garden
949:– via eFloras.org,
238:
231:
200:
195:
177:
170:
50:Scientific classification
48:
39:
34:
2198:Plants described in 1753
1519:USDA Plants Profile for
634:Fruitless mulberry trees
2173:Endemic flora of China
1025:, St. Louis, MO &
953:, St. Louis, MO &
565:
465:
356:
348:
1274:. SAGE Publications.
851:Queensland Government
560:
453:
354:
346:
1169:Bean, W. J. (1978).
400:rapid plant movement
1250:(M. alba, M. rubra)
895:2021RPaPa.29204459P
592:Lackawanna Railroad
564:(mulberry leaf tea)
489:Indian subcontinent
1490:2016-06-16 at the
1384:Kaiser Health News
1137:Salix amygdaloides
1066:L., White Mulberry
833:World Flora Online
741:A tree planted by
566:
466:
357:
349:
242:Morus atropurpurea
2155:
2154:
2009:Open Tree of Life
1573:Taxon identifiers
1473:Thermo Scientific
1397:Howstuffworks.com
1235:by Feedipedia.org
1208:978-1-59921-887-8
418:Two varieties of
309:silkworm mulberry
292:
291:
286:
278:
274:Morus multicaulis
270:
262:
254:
246:
16:(Redirected from
2220:
2148:
2147:
2135:
2134:
2125:
2124:
2115:
2114:
2105:
2104:
2092:
2091:
2079:
2078:
2066:
2065:
2053:
2052:
2040:
2039:
2030:
2029:
2017:
2016:
2004:
2003:
1991:
1990:
1981:
1980:
1968:
1967:
1965:NBNSYS0000042137
1955:
1954:
1942:
1941:
1929:
1928:
1919:
1918:
1906:
1905:
1893:
1892:
1880:
1879:
1867:
1866:
1857:
1856:
1844:
1843:
1831:
1830:
1818:
1817:
1805:
1804:
1792:
1791:
1779:
1778:
1766:
1765:
1756:
1755:
1743:
1742:
1730:
1729:
1717:
1716:
1704:
1703:
1691:
1690:
1681:
1680:
1668:
1667:
1658:
1657:
1645:
1644:
1635:
1634:
1625:
1624:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1568:
1550:
1510:Data related to
1509:
1494:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1405:
1399:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1301:
1283:
1259:
1253:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1221:
1220:
1188:
1182:
1167:
1156:
1147:
1141:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1089:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1029:, Cambridge, MA.
1004:
998:
997:
995:
993:
974:
959:
958:
957:, Cambridge, MA.
948:
946:
926:
915:
914:
878:
872:
871:
860:
854:
841:
835:
830:
805:
757:
738:
726:
714:
702:
693:flowers in India
687:
675:
663:
652:Longwood Gardens
643:
631:
613:
586:White mulberry,
482:Spanish conquest
422:are recognized:
355:Leaves and fruit
284:
276:
268:
260:
258:Morus intermedia
252:
244:
225:
183:
58:
57:
44:
32:
27:Species of plant
21:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2143:
2138:
2130:
2128:
2120:
2118:
2110:
2108:
2100:
2095:
2087:
2082:
2074:
2069:
2061:
2056:
2048:
2043:
2035:
2033:
2025:
2020:
2012:
2007:
1999:
1996:Observation.org
1994:
1986:
1984:
1976:
1971:
1963:
1958:
1950:
1945:
1937:
1932:
1924:
1923:MichiganFlora:
1922:
1914:
1909:
1901:
1896:
1888:
1883:
1875:
1870:
1862:
1860:
1852:
1847:
1839:
1834:
1826:
1821:
1813:
1808:
1800:
1795:
1787:
1782:
1774:
1769:
1761:
1759:
1751:
1746:
1738:
1733:
1725:
1720:
1712:
1707:
1699:
1694:
1686:
1684:
1676:
1671:
1663:
1661:
1653:
1648:
1640:
1638:
1630:
1628:
1620:
1618:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1575:
1527:
1514:at Wikispecies
1503:
1498:
1497:
1492:Wayback Machine
1483:
1479:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1391:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1224:
1209:
1201:. p. 103.
1190:
1189:
1185:
1168:
1159:
1148:
1144:
1129:
1125:
1091:
1090:
1083:
1075:
1071:
1060:
1056:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1006:
1005:
1001:
991:
989:
976:
975:
962:
944:
942:
928:
927:
918:
880:
879:
875:
862:
861:
857:
842:
838:
807:
806:
802:
797:
778:Mulberrofuran G
768:
761:
758:
749:
739:
730:
727:
718:
717:Fruits in India
715:
706:
703:
694:
688:
679:
676:
667:
664:
655:
644:
635:
632:
623:
614:
605:
555:
547:gastroenteritis
537:According to a
532:laboratory rats
528:
448:
416:
379:are single-sex
341:
305:common mulberry
266:Morus latifolia
253:Lodd. ex Loudon
250:Morus chinensis
223:
191:
185:
179:
166:
52:
35:White mulberry
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2226:
2224:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2183:Trees of China
2180:
2175:
2170:
2160:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2145:wfo-0000447905
2136:
2126:
2116:
2106:
2093:
2080:
2067:
2054:
2041:
2031:
2018:
2005:
1992:
1982:
1969:
1956:
1943:
1930:
1920:
1907:
1894:
1881:
1868:
1858:
1845:
1832:
1819:
1806:
1793:
1780:
1767:
1757:
1744:
1731:
1718:
1705:
1692:
1682:
1669:
1659:
1646:
1636:
1626:
1616:
1601:
1585:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1556:
1551:
1525:
1523:white mulberry
1502:
1501:External links
1499:
1496:
1495:
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1451:
1444:
1426:
1400:
1389:
1364:
1313:
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1237:
1222:
1207:
1183:
1173:. John Murray
1157:
1142:
1123:
1081:
1069:
1054:
1032:
999:
982:Flora of China
960:
939:Flora of China
916:
873:
855:
836:
827:The Plant List
799:
798:
796:
793:
792:
791:
786:
785:, silk farming
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678:Leaf variation
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601:
554:
551:
543:Tom McClintock
527:
524:
447:
444:
443:
442:
433:
415:
412:
408:speed of sound
393:black mulberry
347:Iranian fruits
340:
337:
333:speed of sound
301:white mulberry
290:
289:
288:
287:
282:Morus tatarica
279:
271:
263:
255:
247:
236:
235:
229:
228:
227:
226:
224:(Perr.) Loudon
212:
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59:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
18:White Mulberry
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2225:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2168:Morus (plant)
2166:
2165:
2163:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2113:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2077:
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2068:
2064:
2059:
2055:
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2042:
2038:
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2015:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1979:
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1970:
1966:
1961:
1957:
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1948:
1944:
1940:
1935:
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1179:0-7195-2256-0
1176:
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965:
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952:
941:. Vol. 5
940:
936:
934:
925:
923:
921:
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896:
892:
888:
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869:
867:
859:
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790:
787:
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559:
552:
550:
548:
544:
540:
535:
533:
525:
523:
520:
516:
511:
509:
508:(Morus rubra)
506:
500:
498:
494:
491:west through
490:
485:
483:
479:
478:Latin America
475:
471:
463:
462:
457:
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277:(Perr.) Perr.
275:
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259:
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176:
173:
172:Binomial name
169:
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80:Tracheophytes
78:
75:
72:
71:
68:
65:
62:
61:
56:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1580:
1560:
1536:
1530:
1520:
1504:
1480:
1468:
1461:(Morus alba)
1460:
1454:
1435:
1429:
1420:
1414:
1403:
1392:
1377:
1367:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1271:
1267:
1257:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1199:FalconGuides
1193:
1186:
1170:
1151:
1145:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1104:(1): 19â24.
1101:
1097:
1093:
1072:
1063:
1057:
1048:
1042:
1035:
1017:
1010:
1002:
990:. Retrieved
985:
981:
978:"Morus alba"
943:. Retrieved
938:
932:
886:
882:
876:
865:
858:
844:
839:
825:– via
816:
810:
803:
789:Osage orange
690:
647:
616:
587:
585:
578:
571:
567:
562:Ppongnip-cha
561:
536:
529:
512:
507:
505:red mulberry
501:
486:
467:
459:
439:
435:
430:
426:
419:
417:
397:
389:red mulberry
374:
358:
318:
308:
304:
300:
295:
294:
293:
281:
273:
265:
257:
249:
241:
219:
215:
214:
208:
204:
203:
180:
178:
163:M. alba
162:
161:
149:
112:
99:
86:
73:
29:
2213:Fruit trees
2193:Sericulture
2050:kew-2501381
1947:NatureServe
1849:iNaturalist
1605:Wikispecies
1329:: 220â226.
783:Sericulture
617:Morus alba
515:naturalized
493:Afghanistan
461:Sericulture
446:Cultivation
440:multicaulis
339:Description
299:, known as
220:multicaulis
196:Subspecies
93:Angiosperms
2162:Categories
2119:WisFlora:
2045:Plant List
2027:Morus alba
1877:30051955-2
1685:Calflora:
1611:Morus alba
1581:Morus alba
1561:Morus alba
1531:Morus alba
1521:Morus alba
1512:Morus alba
1445:0394507614
1415:Morus alba
1409:USDA, NRCS
1152:Morus alba
1133:Morus alba
1094:Morus alba
1064:Morus alba
1043:Morus alba
1011:Morus alba
933:Morus alba
889:: 104459.
866:Morus alba
845:Morus alba
811:Morus alba
795:References
772:Blackberry
691:Morus alba
648:Morus alba
588:Morus alba
480:after the
474:Elagabalus
436:Morus alba
427:Morus alba
420:Morus alba
296:Morus alba
216:Morus alba
205:Morus alba
181:Morus alba
1802:200006379
1789:200006379
1771:FloraBase
1343:0273-2300
1290:0046-9580
1217:560560606
992:26 August
911:0034-6667
597:hay fever
530:Tests on
519:subarctic
464:c. 1200s)
456:Liang Kai
370:evergreen
366:deciduous
321:silkworms
157:Species:
63:Kingdom:
2109:VASCAN:
2102:21300010
2097:Tropicos
1952:2.145482
1890:10194546
1662:BioLib:
1590:Wikidata
1488:Archived
1411:(n.d.).
1379:NBC News
1351:29530616
1308:34812659
1248:species
1118:39703983
766:See also
526:Toxicity
414:Taxonomy
313:mulberry
233:Synonyms
139:Moraceae
135:Family:
106:Eudicots
1934:MoBotPF
1815:5361889
1709:Ecocrop
1596:Q157307
1359:4859424
1299:8613892
945:27 June
891:Bibcode
813:L."
603:Gallery
539:coroner
404:stamens
381:catkins
377:flowers
145:Genus:
129:Rosales
125:Order:
67:Plantae
2058:PLANTS
2014:658488
2001:119888
1985:NZOR:
1939:282726
1763:moralb
1760:FEIS:
1753:175308
1727:594885
1678:125253
1655:100966
1642:149016
1639:APDB:
1619:AoFP:
1442:
1357:
1349:
1341:
1306:
1296:
1288:
1215:
1205:
1177:
1116:
909:
747:Israel
361:leaves
329:pollen
119:Rosids
2129:WoI:
2089:11216
2034:PFI:
1916:19066
1903:34816
1885:IRMNG
1861:IPA:
1854:56090
1841:24607
1776:17503
1748:EUNIS
1740:MORAL
1701:7NHQ9
1629:APA:
1355:S2CID
1246:Morus
1114:S2CID
470:China
438:var.
429:var.
385:fruit
269:Poir.
261:Perr.
245:Roxb.
218:var.
207:var.
150:Morus
113:Clade
100:Clade
87:Clade
74:Clade
2132:3069
2122:4279
2112:6676
2071:POWO
2063:MOAL
2022:PfaF
1978:3498
1973:NCBI
1926:1702
1911:ITIS
1872:IPNI
1864:6050
1836:GRIN
1828:1559
1823:GISD
1810:GBIF
1735:EPPO
1714:1491
1688:5691
1673:BOLD
1665:3494
1650:APNI
1632:2680
1622:1357
1440:ISBN
1347:PMID
1339:ISSN
1304:PMID
1286:ISSN
1213:OCLC
1203:ISBN
1175:ISBN
1135:and
1096:L".
994:2022
988:: 23
947:2013
907:ISSN
621:MHNT
581:silk
553:Uses
497:Iran
495:and
431:alba
391:and
375:The
325:silk
307:and
209:alba
190:1753
2140:WFO
2084:RHS
2037:290
1960:NBN
1898:ISC
1797:FoC
1784:FNA
1722:EoL
1696:CoL
1331:doi
1294:PMC
1276:doi
1106:doi
899:doi
887:292
650:at
574:tea
458:'s
2164::
2142::
2099::
2086::
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2060::
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2024::
2011::
1998::
1975::
1962::
1949::
1936::
1913::
1900::
1887::
1874::
1851::
1838::
1825::
1812::
1799::
1786::
1773::
1750::
1737::
1724::
1711::
1698::
1675::
1652::
1607::
1592::
1545:,
1541:.
1535:.
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1353:.
1345:.
1337:.
1327:95
1325:.
1302:.
1292:.
1284:.
1272:58
1270:.
1266:.
1225:^
1211:.
1160:^
1112:.
1102:19
1100:.
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303:,
285:L.
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115::
102::
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1417:"
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1333::
1310:.
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1108::
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1009:"
996:.
986:5
935:"
931:"
913:.
901::
893::
870:.
853:)
829:.
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654:.
20:)
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