965:
2020, America would once again have the highest proportion of college graduates in the world. On
October 19, 2010, President Obama signed Executive Order 13555 renewing the White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for Hispanic with the mission to help restore the United States to its role as the global leader in education and to strengthen the Nation by expanding educational opportunities and improving educational outcomes for Hispanics of all ages and by helping to ensure that all Hispanics receive a complete and competitive education that prepares them for college, a career, and productive and satisfying lives. In the executive order, the President declared, "Our country was built on and continues to thrive on its diversity, and there is no doubt that the future of the United States is inextricably linked to the future of the Hispanic community." The President appointed a new commission as well, chaired by
977:
throughout the nation. The webinars are a meeting place where leaders discuss programs and initiatives, relevant policy issues, and evidence-based practices that benefit the
Hispanic community. The Initiative has held webinars on: • Early Learning (October) • Immigrant Integration (November) • Family Engagement (December) • Student Financial Assistance (January) • GED Test (February) • English Learners (March) • New High School Equivalency Assessments – HiSET and TASC (April) • Improving Educational Outcomes for Hispanic Males (April) • Summer Melt (May) • Hispanic Families and Special Education (June) • Educational Technology (July) • Hispanic Teacher Recruitment (August) • College- and Career-Ready Standards (September)
953:
1747:
664:
establishing the first
Commission as well as the supporting Initiative. The goal of the Commission as outlined in EO 12729 was to "provide advice to the Secretary of Education on the progress of Hispanic Americans toward achievement of national education goals and on such other aspects of the educational status of Hispanic Americans as it consider appropriate." To that end, the Commission was expected to urge upon the Secretary a specific set of criteria:
733:
542:
24:
629:
other celebrities. Membership is honorary and the
Commissioners serve without pay. All represent either highly visible Hispanic Americans distinguished in their field or other individuals noted for their commitment to Hispanic matters. In order to fulfill its mission of providing guidance, the Commission issues reports- at regular or irregular intervals depending on its individual directive.
985:
for the Latino community. In tandem with the
Administration’s efforts, the Initiative will work to amplify the benefits of a quality early learning, highlight robust and leading examples of reform and rigor in our K-12 school systems, and promote practices and institutions of higher education graduating more Latinos ready and prepared to enter the competitive workforce (Ceja)."
531:
638:
with the
Administration that created it but the agency does not completely shut down. As a regularly staffed unit, the Initiative continues into a new Administration with a "skeleton crew" on the expectation that a new executive order will be issued or until such time as the staff is reassigned by the Secretary.
1001:
recommendations for leadership across sectors. As a part of its 25th anniversary celebration, the
Initiative will release a blueprint that will inform educational priorities for the Hispanic community, and serve as a guide for leaders working to increase opportunity and improve the outcomes of Hispanics.
984:
announced the release of the
Initiative's Second Term Action Plan for the fiscal years 2013–2016. The plan establishes "a framework that involves local, state and national leaders, public and private sector stakeholders, educators, families, and students in support of fostering educational excellence
595:
participation in federal education programs. In addition, the
Initiative serves as a resource for information related to closing the educational achievement gap for Hispanic Americans. Finally, the Initiative provides staffing to support and coordinate the mission of a President's Advisory Commission
988:
In May 2014 the
Initiative released ¡Gradúate! A Financial Aid Guide to Success to help Hispanic students and their families navigate through the college application process, provide tips on filling out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, and supply key financial aid resources available to
976:
In October 2013, the Initiative also launched a monthly webinar series. The webinars’ purpose is to connect leaders on a national and local scale, as well as highlight Bright Spots- programs, leaders, schools, organizations, partnerships, or models that are helping close the Hispanic achievement gap
637:
As previously noted, the Initiative is a fully staffed office within the Education Department. It is composed of a mix of appointed and civil service officials and led by an Executive Director. The Director is named either by the President or the Secretary of Education. The Initiative's mission ends
790:
Within a year, the Commission would become embroiled in further controversy when Yzaguirre, its chairman, accused it of being ineffective due to "bureaucratic morass and partisan politics" and criticized the Initiative's staff for inadequate support. Yzaguirre was especially incensed that its first
691:
in early December put the Initiative and Commission into semi-hibernation. Finally, after increasing criticism, the first group of 17 Commission members were sworn-in in September, 1991. The Initiative also received a full staff and new Executive Director, John Florez, formerly the deputy assistant
628:
The size of the Commission changes with each new Administration, numbering anywhere between fifteen and twenty-five members, and is usually led by two co-chairs. Commissioners are chosen from a wide variety of backgrounds such as educational/academic, sports figures, business, and entertainment and
1000:
The year 2015 will mark 25 years since the establishment of the Initiative. To commemorate it, the Initiative has launched a 25th anniversary year of action: Fulfilling America's Future to highlight educational gains and trends since its creation, as well as look to the future and make key policy
964:
Administration initiated a series of speaking events and meetings in order to gather input on the educational needs of the Hispanic community. A new executive order was planned for later in the year once the accumulated data could be assessed. The President set a new goal for the country: that by
800:
A new Executive Director, Sarita Brown, was named in 1997. Subsequent to her appointment, Brown was credited with revitalizing the Initiative's mission as well as placing renewed focus on funding for Hispanic education. On September 25, 2000, the Commission- now chaired by Linares- released its
663:
prominent among them- had been lobbying the government for a federal agency that would oversee educational outreach for Hispanic Americans and help to improve their academic performance. After months of negotiation and planning, President Bush signed Executive Order 12729 on September 24, 1990,
927:, "a national network of public and private organizations that provide Hispanic families with the knowledge and tools needed to help them prepare their children for academic success." Information and resources were then dispensed through a series of regional conferences.
744:
on February 18, 1994 by Executive Order 12900. Like its predecessor, the new Commission was to advise the President (albeit through the Secretary of Education). Its goals were modified slightly from that of the previous Administration. The Commission was oriented to
973:. According to transcripts, Shakira never attended the meetings and had Maria Mercedes Lievano sit on her behalf. In September, 2011, the White House released a report on the education of Latinos, Winning the Future: Improving Education for the Latino Community.
791:
report was nearly a year overdue. In response, the Clinton Administration thanked Yzaguirre for his service and announced that the long-awaited report was due to be completed in June. Nevertheless, it was not until September that the Commission issued
996:
The Initiative has also advanced President Obama's My Brother's Keeper Initiative to address persistent opportunity gaps faced by boys and young men of color, including Hispanics, and ensure that all young people can reach their full potential.
762:
However, once again other political issues would push implementation of the Commission's mission onto the backburner for nearly a year. Finally, on February 1, 1995, 24 members of the Commission were sworn in by Vice President
314:
1840:
1665:
612:. Its purpose is to provide support for a Presidential Advisory Commission, for organizational purposes also located within the Education Department, which in turn provides advice and guidance to the
1930:
519:
123:
428:
1365:"Statement by the President's Advisory Commission on Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans Vice Chair Ana "Cha" Guzman Regarding the Resignation of Commission Chair Raul Yzaguirre,"
989:
better support Hispanics, including Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) and non U.S. citizen students. Since its release the guide has been highlighted by Secretary of Education
127:
1950:
1769:
818:
established his President's Advisory Commission on October 12, 2001 with Executive Order 13230. The Commission's mandate was updated to dispense advice and issue reports in order to
822:
Map the progress of Hispanic Americans in closing the academic achievement gap and attaining the goals established by the President's "No Child Left Behind" educational blueprint;
401:
199:
1658:
477:
423:
285:
1589:
1940:
467:
132:
376:
1955:
1822:
455:
1572:
1521:
570:
408:
304:
293:
1925:
1651:
501:
1935:
1867:
1789:
309:
233:
1899:
1877:
1755:
1708:
366:
356:
299:
334:
243:
1613:
413:
391:
253:
137:
1735:
1555:
509:
460:
450:
396:
238:
94:
687:
Within a few days, the first Initiative director, Gilbert Roman, resigned for unknown reasons. The forced resignation of Secretary of Education
1872:
1773:
749:
Report the progress of Hispanic Americans toward achievement of the National Education Goals and other standards of educational accomplishment;
505:
433:
216:
1904:
1784:
1674:
609:
588:
513:
361:
263:
162:
152:
835:
The Commission comprised 20 members and met for their first full meeting in February, 2002. Among its more notable members were academician
655:
Administration as a part of its overall "America 2000 Education Strategy." For at least two years, Hispanic organizations and individuals-
1778:
1763:
1718:
1699:
418:
351:
280:
226:
204:
194:
1556:"SPRING 2005 PRESIDENT'S ADVISORY COMMISSION ON EDUCATIONAL EXCELLENCE FOR HISPANICS PUBLIC MEETING: Early Learning Subcommittee Meeting"
721:
A Progress Report to the Secretary of Education from the President's Advisory Commission on Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans
1793:
563:
438:
221:
184:
900:, was released on September 30, 2002 and contained initial findings on the state of Hispanic education in the U. S. The second report,
339:
248:
189:
693:
1397:"Director of White House Initiative for Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans to Deliver Hispanic Heritage Month Keynote,"
952:
752:
Oversee the development, monitoring, and coordination of Federal efforts to promote high-quality education for Hispanic Americans;
836:
472:
157:
147:
803:
720:
1731:
940:. As a result of the meeting, a combined WHI-ACI working-group was formed to address the needs, strengths, and capabilities of
605:
209:
142:
1029:
704:
617:
556:
103:
1430:"Executive Order 13230 - Presidents Advisory Commission on Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans, October 12, 2001,"
1348:
1268:
878:
592:
179:
1809:
941:
897:
The Road to a College Diploma: The Complex Reality of Raising Educational Achievement for Hispanics in the United States
1505:"White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans Begins a Series of 'Community Conversations',"
1332:
1798:
660:
591:
charged with strengthening the nation's capacity to provide high-quality education while increasing opportunities for
1539:"PRESIDENT'S ADVISORY COMMISSION ON EDUCATION EXCELLENCE FOR HISPANICS: EARLY LEARNING SUBCOMMITTEE BREAKOUT SESSION"
906:
and released on March 31, 2003, offered six recommendations for increasing the educational achievement of Hispanics.
828:
Develop ways to increase parental, State and local, private sector, and community involvement in improving education;
71:
684:
However, the new endeavor ran almost immediately into roadblocks that would delay its implementation for a year.
443:
275:
1945:
1538:
1726:
696:. At Cavazos' request, Florez had been involved in the studies that led to the creation of the Initiative.
674:
Remove barriers to success in education and work, particularly limited proficiency in the English language;
844:
825:
Develop, monitor, and coordinate Federal efforts to promote high-quality education for Hispanic Americans;
613:
1460:
President's Advisory Commission on Education Excellence for Hispanic Americans Releases Final Report;..."
1830:
329:
319:
1252:
937:
The American Competitiveness Initiative: Challenges and Opportunities for Hispanic Serving Institutions
732:
1573:"PRESIDENT'S ADVISORY COMMISSION ON EDUCATIONAL EXCELLENCE FOR HISPANICS:EARLY LEARNING SUBCOMMITTEE"
1349:"Controversy Swirls Around the Advisory Commission on Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans,"
1300:
966:
920:
772:
546:
381:
371:
324:
903:
From Risk to Opportunity: Fulfilling the Educational Needs of Hispanic Americans in the 21st Century
1817:
776:
346:
1637:
916:
882:
755:
Develop ways to increase State, private sector, and community involvement in improving education;
1504:
1062:
1046:
852:
784:
780:
768:
652:
1285:"Executive Order 12729 - Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans, September 24, 1990,"
930:
In 2007, the Initiative convened a conference with the American Competitiveness Initiative (
535:
1317:"Executive Order 12900 - Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans, February 22, 1994,"
1414:"'Talents, Perspectives, Contributions:' Sarita Brown Delivers Hispanic Heritage Keynote,"
856:
848:
840:
700:
1459:
1643:
1429:
1364:
1316:
1284:
1695:
1594:
1590:"Executive Order 13555--White House Initiative On Educational Excellence For Hispanics"
1202:
1144:
1128:
1112:
1104:
981:
911:
815:
708:
656:
50:
1640:- the White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans web site
1919:
871:
867:
688:
386:
1522:"MEETING OF PRESIDENT'S ADVISORY COMMISSION ON EDUCATIONAL EXCELLENCE FOR HISPANICS"
1704:
1445:"President's Advisory Commission on Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans,"
1214:
1210:
1192:
1176:
1160:
1094:
1078:
961:
894:
During this Administration, the Commission issued two reports. The first, entitled
874:
864:
741:
23:
1380:
81:
1413:
1396:
1009:
The current executive director of the White House Initiative is Alejandra Ceja.
990:
712:
1493:
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Education for Hispanics
887:
860:
793:
896:
1230:
902:
909:
From June 16 to June 17, 2005, the Initiative hosted a conference entitled
623:
497:
530:
1488:
White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans,
680:
Increase private sector and community involvement in improving education.
1475:
White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans
1444:
1435:(Santa Barbara: University of California). Accessed on August 18, 2009.
1322:(Santa Barbara: University of California). Accessed on August 17, 2009.
1290:(Santa Barbara: University of California). Accessed on August 17, 2009.
970:
764:
624:
President's Advisory Commission on Educational Excellence for Hispanics
1853:
White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for African Americans
1837:
White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities
1850:
White House Initiative on American Indian and Alaska Native Education
936:
767:. Among the more notable figures on the Commission were academicians
1489:
1476:
758:
Develop ways to expand and complement Federal education initiatives.
718:
The Commission issued its sole report on October 12, 1992, entitled
851:- the latter of whom served as one of the two co-chairs- astronaut
677:
Help students to achieve their potential at all educational levels;
1381:"Sarita E. Brown, President, Hispanic Scholarship Fund Institute,"
951:
731:
1599:
831:
Develop ways to maximize the effectiveness of Federal education.
651:
The Commission and Initiative were initially created during the
1841:
White House Initiative on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders
1647:
1846:
White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for Hispanics
633:
White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for Hispanics
585:
White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for Hispanics
1363:
Office of the Press Secretary, U.S. Department of Education,
956:
President Obama signs Executive Order 13555, October 19, 2010
804:
Creating the Will: Hispanics Achieving Educational Excellence
736:
Cover of the 1996 PAC report, "Our Nation on the Fault Line."
794:
Our Nation on the Fault Line: Hispanic American Education
699:
Notable figures among the Commission included Yzaguirre,
1770:
Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services
1614:"Winning the future and improving the Latino community"
1931:
Educational organizations based in the United States
1886:
1860:
1808:
1754:
1717:
923:, the meeting paved the way for a new program, the
77:
67:
43:
35:
30:
1893:Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance
1301:"Bush's Moves on Education Stir Hopes, Criticism,"
1823:Office of Career, Technical, and Adult Education
1450:(WHIEEHA web site). Accessed on August 18, 2009.
608:as a fully staffed and funded entity within the
604:Despite its title, the Initiative is created by
740:The Commission was re-established by President
1951:United States Department of Education agencies
1659:
787:, and Yzaguirre, who served as its chairman.
564:
8:
1790:Office of Elementary and Secondary Education
1333:"Hispanic Rights Chief Quits Clinton Panel,"
1253:"New Ways Sought to Boost Latino Education,"
1878:National Assessment of Educational Progress
1477:"Partnership for Hispanic Family Learning."
587:is a multi-agency working group within the
1666:
1652:
1644:
571:
557:
88:
1941:History of education in the United States
596:on Educational Excellence for Hispanics.
138:History of education in the United States
1736:National Center for Education Statistics
1417:Library of Congress Information Bulletin
1352:The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education
1016:
969:, and including notable members such as
925:Partnership for Hispanic Family Learning
1956:Government agencies established in 1990
1244:
915:. Presided over by Education Secretary
488:
262:
170:
115:
102:
1873:Education Resources Information Center
1785:Office of English Language Acquisition
1774:Rehabilitation Services Administration
18:
1926:Education policy in the United States
1905:National Board for Education Sciences
1675:United States Department of Education
980:In December 2013, Executive Director
610:United States Department of Education
163:History of education in New York City
153:History of education in Massachusetts
7:
1936:Hispanic and Latino American society
1779:Office of Special Education Programs
1764:Office of Innovation and Improvement
1428:John T. Woolley and Gerhard Peters,
1315:John T. Woolley and Gerhard Peters,
1283:John T. Woolley and Gerhard Peters,
912:Pathways to Hispanic Family Learning
1900:National Assessment Governing Board
1794:Office of Safe and Healthy Students
1267:Ruth Marcus and Kenneth J. Cooper,
703:(the first female president of the
1827:Office of Postsecondary Education
1419:, Vol. 59, No. 11 (November 2000).
671:Promote early childhood education;
14:
1401:News From the Library of Congress
1122:Maria Hernandez Ferrier (acting)
1745:
692:secretary for employment at the
540:
529:
158:History of education in Missouri
148:History of education in Kentucky
22:
1896:National Institute for Literacy
1732:Institute of Education Sciences
1690:(Education Department Building)
1433:The American Presidency Project
1320:The American Presidency Project
1288:The American Presidency Project
143:History of education in Chicago
1598:. 19 October 2010 – via
1495:. Accessed on August 19, 2009.
1464:Hispanic PR Wire - US Newswire
1386:. Accessed on August 19, 2009.
1173:December 2011 – December 2012
1059:September 1991 - January 1993
705:University of Texas at El Paso
478:Full-service community schools
1:
1868:National Library of Education
1756:Deputy Secretary of Education
1709:Deputy Secretary of Education
1141:December 2003 - January 2009
1043:October 1990 - November 1990
942:Hispanic-serving institutions
668:Enhance parental involvement;
1810:Under Secretary of Education
1479:Accessed on August 18, 2009.
1269:"Hispanic Initiative Begun,"
1091:August 1997 - December 2000
1799:Office of Migrant Education
661:National Council of La Raza
456:For-profit higher education
16:US government working group
1972:
1125:June 2003 - December 2003
1075:February 1994 - July 1997
1005:WHIEEHA executive director
811:Second Bush administration
409:School corporal punishment
72:US Department of Education
1887:Independent organizations
1743:
1681:
1189:December 2012 – May 2013
1157:May 2009 – December 2011
885:sat on the Commission as
647:First Bush administration
616:and, through him, to the
444:School-to-work transition
82:ED.gov/HispanicInitiative
21:
1227:December 2021 – Present
1207:May 2013 – January 2021
859:, and singer/songwriter
547:United States portal
93:This article is part of
1727:Office for Civil Rights
801:second report entitled
589:Department of Education
265:Education policy issues
234:Environmental education
1719:Secretary of Education
1700:Secretary of Education
1687:400 Maryland Avenue SW
1072:Alfred Robert Ramirez
1040:Col. Gilbert D. Roman
957:
891:members or designees.
737:
728:Clinton administration
614:Secretary of Education
402:Standards-based reform
377:Gender achievement gap
367:Racial achievement gap
300:Educational attainment
1403:(September 19, 2000).
1395:Library of Congress,
1274:(September 25, 1990).
1186:Marco Davis (acting)
1109:May 2001 - June 2003
955:
735:
468:Research universities
335:Student financial aid
330:Graduate unemployment
305:Post-secondary issues
281:Primary and secondary
244:Mathematics education
948:Obama administration
944:of higher learning.
921:Anna Escobedo Cabral
536:Education portal
372:Desegregation busing
325:Elite overproduction
254:Vocational education
1818:Federal Student Aid
1490:"Stem Legislation,"
1347:Ines Pinto Alicea,
1306:(October 10, 1991).
1272:The Washington Post
1258:(January 27, 1991).
960:In July, 2009, the
919:and U.S. Treasurer
777:John Phillip Santos
694:Department of Labor
489:Levels of education
461:For-profit colleges
429:Foreign involvement
1336:The New York Times
1331:Steven A. Holmes,
958:
917:Margaret Spellings
837:Alexander Gonzalez
779:, businesspersons
775:, author/producer
738:
451:Community colleges
397:School segregation
315:Cost and financing
239:Language education
55:Executive Director
39:September 24, 1990
1913:
1912:
1600:National Archives
1354:(August 2, 1996).
1338:(April 14, 1996).
1304:Los Angeles Times
1299:Frank Sotomayor,
1256:Los Angeles Times
1236:
1235:
1063:George H. W. Bush
1047:George H. W. Bush
1013:List of directors
853:Fernando Caldeiro
845:Charles P. Garcia
785:Martin J. Koldyke
781:Linda G. Alvarado
773:Eduardo J. Padrón
769:Guillermo Linares
653:George H. W. Bush
593:Hispanic American
581:
580:
434:Special education
424:Sexual harassment
217:Medical education
171:Curriculum topics
107:
87:
86:
44:Agency executives
1963:
1749:
1748:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1645:
1625:
1624:
1618:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1518:
1512:
1511:(July 10, 2009).
1507:(press release)
1502:
1496:
1486:
1480:
1473:
1467:
1466:(April 9, 2003).
1462:(press release)
1457:
1451:
1442:
1436:
1426:
1420:
1410:
1404:
1399:(press release)
1393:
1387:
1378:
1372:
1367:(press release)
1361:
1355:
1345:
1339:
1329:
1323:
1313:
1307:
1297:
1291:
1281:
1275:
1265:
1259:
1249:
1224:Melody Gonzales
1088:Sarita E. Brown
1017:
863:. Additionally,
573:
566:
559:
545:
544:
543:
534:
533:
473:Community school
392:Racial diversity
362:Achievement gaps
266:
128:in insular areas
110:
106:Education in the
105:
89:
26:
19:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1946:Minority rights
1916:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1882:
1856:
1804:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1713:
1689:
1677:
1672:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1503:
1499:
1487:
1483:
1474:
1470:
1458:
1454:
1443:
1439:
1427:
1423:
1411:
1407:
1394:
1390:
1379:
1375:
1362:
1358:
1346:
1342:
1330:
1326:
1314:
1310:
1298:
1294:
1282:
1278:
1266:
1262:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1154:Juan Sepúlveda
1138:Adam Chavarria
1026:Term of Office
1015:
1007:
950:
857:Jaime Escalante
849:Frank Hanna III
841:Micaela Alvarez
813:
730:
707:), businessman
701:Diana Natalicio
649:
644:
635:
626:
606:executive order
602:
577:
541:
539:
538:
528:
502:Early childhood
484:
419:School violence
352:Charter schools
264:
258:
227:Nursing degrees
205:Legal education
200:Music education
195:Civic education
133:By subject area
108:
104:
63:
60:Deputy Director
59:
54:
31:Agency overview
17:
12:
11:
5:
1969:
1967:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1918:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1825:
1820:
1814:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1796:
1787:
1782:
1776:
1767:
1760:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1729:
1723:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1702:
1696:Miguel Cardona
1692:
1691:
1685:Headquarters:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1633:
1632:External links
1630:
1627:
1626:
1605:
1595:whitehouse.gov
1581:
1564:
1547:
1530:
1513:
1497:
1481:
1468:
1452:
1437:
1421:
1412:Kim L. Brown,
1405:
1388:
1373:
1356:
1340:
1324:
1308:
1292:
1276:
1260:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1208:
1205:
1203:Alejandra Ceja
1200:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1145:George W. Bush
1142:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1129:George W. Bush
1126:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1113:George W. Bush
1110:
1107:
1105:Leslie Sanchez
1102:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1014:
1011:
1006:
1003:
982:Alejandra Ceja
967:Eduardo Padrón
949:
946:
883:Hector Barreto
881:Administrator
843:, businessmen
833:
832:
829:
826:
823:
816:George W. Bush
812:
809:
760:
759:
756:
753:
750:
729:
726:
709:Peter H. Coors
682:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
657:Raul Yzaguirre
648:
645:
643:
640:
634:
631:
625:
622:
601:
598:
579:
578:
576:
575:
568:
561:
553:
550:
549:
525:
524:
523:
522:
517:
514:Post-secondary
491:
490:
486:
485:
483:
482:
481:
480:
470:
465:
464:
463:
453:
448:
447:
446:
439:Apprenticeship
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
405:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
344:
343:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
302:
297:
290:
289:
288:
286:Post-secondary
283:
272:
269:
268:
260:
259:
257:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
230:
229:
224:
222:Medical school
214:
213:
212:
202:
197:
192:
187:
185:Normal schools
182:
176:
173:
172:
168:
167:
166:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
118:
117:
113:
112:
100:
99:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
62:
61:
56:
51:Alejandra Ceja
47:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
32:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1968:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1664:
1662:
1657:
1655:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1622:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1374:
1371:(April 1996).
1370:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1248:
1245:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1032:served under
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
992:
986:
983:
978:
974:
972:
968:
963:
954:
947:
945:
943:
939:
938:
933:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
913:
907:
905:
904:
899:
898:
892:
890:
889:
884:
880:
876:
873:
872:HUD Secretary
869:
868:Rosario Marin
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
830:
827:
824:
821:
820:
819:
817:
810:
808:
806:
805:
798:
796:
795:
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
757:
754:
751:
748:
747:
746:
743:
734:
727:
725:
723:
722:
716:
714:
711:, and golfer
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
690:
689:Lauro Cavazos
685:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
666:
665:
662:
658:
654:
646:
641:
639:
632:
630:
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
599:
597:
594:
590:
586:
574:
569:
567:
562:
560:
555:
554:
552:
551:
548:
537:
532:
527:
526:
521:
520:Organizations
518:
516:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
494:
493:
492:
487:
479:
476:
475:
474:
471:
469:
466:
462:
459:
458:
457:
454:
452:
449:
445:
442:
441:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
387:School choice
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
349:
348:
345:
341:
340:Student loans
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
320:Credentialism
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
307:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
295:
291:
287:
284:
282:
279:
278:
277:
276:Accreditation
274:
273:
271:
270:
267:
261:
255:
252:
250:
249:Sex education
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
228:
225:
223:
220:
219:
218:
215:
211:
208:
207:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
190:Art education
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
177:
175:
174:
169:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
125:
122:
121:
120:
119:
114:
111:
109:United States
101:
98:
96:
91:
90:
83:
80:
76:
73:
70:
68:Parent agency
66:
58:Marco Davis,
57:
52:
49:
48:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
25:
20:
1845:
1705:Cindy Marten
1686:
1620:
1608:
1593:
1584:
1567:
1550:
1533:
1516:
1508:
1500:
1492:
1484:
1471:
1463:
1455:
1447:
1440:
1432:
1424:
1416:
1408:
1400:
1391:
1383:
1376:
1368:
1359:
1351:
1343:
1335:
1327:
1319:
1311:
1303:
1295:
1287:
1279:
1271:
1263:
1255:
1247:
1215:Donald Trump
1211:Barack Obama
1193:Barack Obama
1177:Barack Obama
1161:Barack Obama
1095:Bill Clinton
1079:Bill Clinton
1056:John Florez
1030:President(s)
1008:
999:
995:
987:
979:
975:
962:Barack Obama
959:
935:
931:
929:
924:
910:
908:
901:
895:
893:
886:
875:Mel Martinez
865:US Treasurer
834:
814:
802:
799:
792:
789:
761:
742:Bill Clinton
739:
719:
717:
698:
686:
683:
650:
636:
627:
603:
600:Organization
584:
582:
496:
414:School meals
292:
92:
1638:"Yes I Can"
1621:www2.ed.gov
1251:Jean Merl,
991:Arne Duncan
713:Nancy Lopez
1920:Categories
1239:References
1170:Jose Rico
888:ex officio
861:Jon Secada
855:, teacher
382:Head Start
357:Inequality
210:Law school
1766:(defunct)
1231:Joe Biden
618:President
510:Secondary
294:Financing
1861:Programs
1448:About Us
1384:HSFI.org
839:, judge
180:Literacy
124:By state
95:a series
971:Shakira
765:Al Gore
659:of the
642:History
506:Primary
116:Summary
78:Website
1509:ED.gov
1369:ED.gov
877:, and
347:Reform
310:Bubble
36:Formed
1617:(PDF)
1576:(PDF)
1559:(PDF)
1542:(PDF)
1525:(PDF)
1023:Name
1831:TRiO
1020:No.
847:and
783:and
771:and
583:The
512:) –
498:K–12
126:and
1221:11
1199:10
934:),
932:ACI
879:SBA
1922::
1707:,
1698:,
1619:.
1592:.
1213:,
1183:9
1167:8
1151:7
1135:6
1119:-
1101:5
1085:4
1069:3
1053:2
1037:1
993:.
870:,
807:.
797:.
724:.
715:.
620:.
508:–
500:-
97:on
53:,
1801:)
1792:(
1781:)
1772:(
1738:)
1734:(
1667:e
1660:t
1653:v
1623:.
1602:.
1578:.
1561:.
1544:.
1527:.
572:e
565:t
558:v
504:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
