42:
86:
308:
1389:
2289:
61:
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324:
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771:
700:, followed by planned introductions beginning in 1969. Subsequently, authorized, illegal and accidental introductions have been widespread; by the 1970s, the species had been introduced to 40 states, and it has since been reported in 45 of the country's 50 states. In 2013, it was determined to be reproducing in the
721:
Grass carp were introduced into New
Zealand in 1966 to control the growth of aquatic plants. Unlike the other introduced fish brought to New Zealand, the potential value and impact of grass carp was investigated in secure facilities prior to their use in field trials. They are now approved by the New
502:
with abundant vegetation. In the wild, grass carp spawn in fast-moving rivers, and their eggs, which are slightly heavier than water, develop while drifting downstream, kept in suspension by turbulence. Grass carp require long rivers for the survival of the eggs and very young fish, and the eggs are
677:. Grass carp are known to have spawned and established self-reproducing populations in only six of the many larger Northern Hemisphere rivers into which they have been stocked. Their failure to establish populations in other rivers suggests they have quite specific reproductive requirements.
477:
Grass carp grow very rapidly. Young fish stocked in the spring at 20 cm (7.9 in) will reach over 45 cm (18 in) by fall. The typical length is about 60–100 cm (23.5–39.5 in). The maximum length is 2.0 m (6.6 ft) and they grow to 45 kg (99 lb).
473:
are arranged in a "2, 4-4, 2" formula. The dorsal fin has eight to 10 soft rays, and the anal fin is set closer to the tail than most cyprinids. Body color is dark olive, shading to brownish-yellow on the sides, with a white belly and large, slightly outlined scales.
722:
Zealand government for aquatic weed control, although each instance requires specific authorization. In the
Netherlands, the species was also introduced in 1973 to control over-abundant aquatic weeds. The release was controlled and regulated by the Dutch
726:. In both of these countries, control is made easier because grass carp are very unlikely to naturally reproduce because of their very specific breeding requirements, but elsewhere, control is obtained by the use of sterile,
723:
762:. In some Asian countries, it is believed that ingestion of raw bile or entire gall bladders of the grass carp may improve visual acuity and health. However, it may in fact cause severe poisoning.
1777:
2641:
783:
Grass carp grow large and are strong fighters when hooked on a line, but because of their vegetarian habits and their wariness, they can be difficult to catch via
1147:
2729:
2832:
2862:
2427:
1280:
1198:
Cho YD, Yoon YH, Choi SH, Park SM, Kim JY (2013). "Acute hepatitis and acute kidney insufficiency caused by ingestion of raw grass carp gall bladder".
2602:
2783:
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1313:
693:
522:. They eat up to three times their own body weight daily, and thrive in small lakes and backwaters that provide an abundant supply of vegetation.
1055:
2765:
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1088:
Chapman, Duane C.; Davis, Jeremiah J.; Jenkins, Jill A.; Kocovsky, Patrick M.; Miner, Jeffrey G.; Farver, John; Jackson, P. Ryan (2013). "
1734:
461:
Grass carp have elongated, chubby, torpedo-shaped body forms. The terminal mouth is slightly oblique with non-fleshy, firm lips, and no
937:
2576:
2847:
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962:
Reproductive ecology of the grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, and the silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, in the Amur Basin
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with a wide range of temperature tolerance, and spawn at temperatures of 20 to 30 °C (68 to 86 °F). It has been
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to many countries around the world. In the
Northern Hemisphere, countries and territories of introduction include
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1063:. Washington, DC: Asian Carp Working Group, Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force. pp. 21–27. Archived from
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446:
1653:
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1586:
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Longevity and
Persistence of Triploid Grass Carp Stocked into the Santee Cooper Reservoirs of South Carolina
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Grass carp is one of the most common freshwater farmed fish in China, being one of the Four
Domestic Fish
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Synopsis of biological data on the grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Cuvier and
Valentines, 1844)
41:
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1544:
1064:
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as a biocontrol for noxious weeds, fishermen are typically asked to return any caught to the water
697:
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50:
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World record for a grass carp caught on line and hook is 39.75 kg (87.6 lb), caught in
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223:
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80:
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World aquaculture production of fish, crustaceans, mollusks, etc., by principal species in 2013
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Management and
Control Plan for Bighead, Black, Grass, and Silver Carps in the United States
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According to one study, grass carp live 5-9 years, with the oldest surviving 11 years. In
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An assessment of the impact of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idella) in New
Zealand waters
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for undesirable aquatic vegetation, many species of which are themselves introduced.
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510:, both higher aquatic plants and submerged terrestrial vegetation, but may also eat
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1963:
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999:. Rotorua N.Z.: Fisheries Research Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries.
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692:. The first release is believed to have been an accidental escape in 1966 from the
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Nico, L.G.; Fuller, P.L.; Schofield, P.J.; Neilson, M.E. (15 March 2012).
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533:, a thriving population of grass carp is passing the 15-year mark.
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In the United States, the species was first imported in 1963 from
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First evidence of grass carp recruitment in the Great Lakes Basin
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of large rivers, preferring large, slow-flowing or standing
429:
for centuries, being known as one of the Four
Domestic Fish
883:
Biological
Synopsis of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
653:. In the Southern Hemisphere, they have been introduced to
1054:
Canover, G; Simmonds, R; Whalen, M, eds. (November 2007).
1283:. Lists general information and resources for Grass Carp.
906:. Food and Aquaculture Organization Synopsis. 135: 86pp.
1327:
449:, becoming the fish species with the largest reported
704:. It is still stocked in many states as an effective
806:
Where grass carp populations are maintained through
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1944:
1879:
1804:
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754:. Its meat is tender, while with little bone. Many
1028:. Gainesville, FL: United States Geological Survey
724:Ministry of Agriculture, Nature, and Food Quality
1279:, National Invasive Species Information Center,
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1771:
1343:
876:
874:
872:
855:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T61295A3102796.en
453:globally, over five million tonnes per year.
405:Grass carp are resident fish of large turbid
8:
1173:"Cantonese Steamed Fish: A 20 Minute Recipe"
1026:Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database
1281:United States National Agricultural Library
995:Rowe, D. K., & Schipper, C. M. (1985).
758:has grass carp as a featured dish, such as
503:thought to die if they sink to the bottom.
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1801:
1778:
1764:
1756:
1350:
1336:
1328:
1011:
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1007:
1005:
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684:and Malaysia to aquaculture facilities in
59:
40:
31:
918:FAO Yearbook of Fisheries Statistics 2014
853:
960:Krykhtin, M.L., and E.I. Gorbach. 1981.
696:'s Fish Farming Experimental Station in
469:contains 40 to 42 scales. Broad, ridged
1314:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1143:
1141:
964:. Journal of Ichthyology 21(2):109-123.
822:
1244:. Missouri Department of Conservation.
902:Shireman, J.V. and C.R. Smith. 1983.
7:
2745:77f56aa0-f945-43ec-8f62-22c6d00051e5
506:Adult grass carps feed primarily on
2833:IUCN Red List least concern species
1735:Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
841:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
795:in 2009. The fish are also popular
217:in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1844)
2863:Taxa named by Achille Valenciennes
986:. J. Aquat. Plant Manage. 41:2003.
25:
1160:"Triploid Grass Carp Information"
2287:
2280:
2273:
1387:
322:
306:
84:
1260:Online. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
1094:Journal of Great Lakes Research
276:Sarcocheilichthys teretiusculus
1273:Species Profile - Grass Carp (
1200:Emergency Medicine Australasia
694:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
1:
1719:The Adventures of Little Carp
1450:Fringed-lipped peninsula carp
1148:"Grass carp for weed control"
880:Mandrak and Cudmore. 2004.
393:is the only species of the
2894:
1106:10.1016/j.jglr.2013.09.019
486:Grass carp inhabit lakes,
2413:
2271:
1725:Daughterless Carp Project
1385:
1310:"Ctenopharyngodon idella"
777:monofilament fishing line
265:Ctenopharyngodon laticeps
229:
222:
203:
196:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
2848:Freshwater fish of China
1290:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
936:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
249:Ctenopharyngodon idellus
241:Ctenopharingodon idellus
2858:Herbivorous vertebrates
2507:Ctenopharyngodon_idella
2493:Ctenopharyngodon idella
2463:Ctenopharyngodon idella
1587:Spring viraemia of carp
1275:Ctenopharyngodon idella
1212:10.1111/1742-6723.12137
1020:Ctenopharyngodon idella
950:. May 2007 version. 79.
940:Ctenopharyngodon idella
834:Ctenopharyngodon idella
830:Bogutskaya, N. (2022).
775:A grass carp caught on
345:Ctenopharyngodon idella
207:Ctenopharyngodon idella
2868:Fish described in 1844
780:
766:Fishing for grass carp
647:Bosnia and Herzegovina
457:Appearance and anatomy
287:Pristiodon siemionovii
257:Leuciscus tschiliensis
2423:World fish production
1786:Principal commercial
1475:Japanese crucian carp
773:
541:Grass carp have been
1730:Aquaculture in China
1596:Recreational fishing
848:: e.T61295A3102796.
447:aquatic weed control
252:(Valenciennes, 1844)
244:(Valenciennes, 1844)
1545:Smallscale mud carp
1234:Catching Grass Carp
698:Stuttgart, Arkansas
387:Sino-Russian border
330:Juvenile grass carp
51:Conservation status
2438:Fisheries glossary
2428:Commercial species
2418:Commercial fishing
1806:Large pelagic fish
1554:Other carp species
1530:Siamese giant carp
1292:"Species in genus
1240:2010-05-28 at the
1179:. 20 December 2020
982:2011-09-04 at the
889:2011-07-06 at the
812:alive and unharmed
781:
537:Introduced species
236:Valenciennes, 1844
2853:Fish of East Asia
2820:
2819:
2792:Open Tree of Life
2455:Taxon identifiers
2446:
2445:
2343:Freshwater prawns
2269:
2268:
1753:
1752:
1633:Eliburn Reservoir
1455:Giant salmon carp
1445:Deccan white carp
1397:True carp species
1375:(the carp family)
760:Cantonese cuisine
702:Great Lakes Basin
451:farmed production
300:
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294:
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16:(Redirected from
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2722:NHMSYS0020752132
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1859:southern bluefin
1849:Atlantic bluefin
1802:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1757:
1670:Fisherman's soup
1582:Koi herpes virus
1535:Siamese mud carp
1429:Chinese mud carp
1391:
1352:
1345:
1338:
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1324:
1322:
1320:
1305:
1294:Ctenopharyngodon
1261:
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1223:
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1177:The Woks of Life
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973:Kirk and Socha.
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907:
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878:
867:
866:
864:
862:
857:
827:
471:pharyngeal teeth
433:, but was later
411:floodplain lakes
399:Ctenopharyngodon
379:northern Vietnam
377:stretching from
366:, native to the
326:
314:Adult grass carp
310:
289:
278:
267:
260:Basilewsky, 1855
259:
251:
243:
235:
233:Leuciscus idella
209:
173:
169:Ctenopharyngodon
89:
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62:
44:
32:
21:
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2892:
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2878:Chinese seafood
2873:Squaliobarbinae
2843:Commercial fish
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2822:
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2753:Observation.org
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2348:Gilt-head bream
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2256:Lobster fishing
2229:
2201:
2153:
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2086:Other wild fish
2080:
2053:Freshwater fish
2047:
1940:
1875:
1854:Pacific bluefin
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1784:
1754:
1749:
1689:
1658:
1637:
1623:Yateley Complex
1591:
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1470:Hora white carp
1436:(European carp)
1392:
1383:
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891:Wayback Machine
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799:in areas where
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756:Chinese cuisine
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465:. The complete
459:
409:and associated
357:freshwater fish
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158:Squaliobarbinae
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27:Species of fish
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1070:on 2020-08-11
1066:
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1021:
1018:"Grass Carp (
1012:
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520:invertebrates
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198:Binomial name
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138:Cypriniformes
136:
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67:
66:Least Concern
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2462:
2373:salmon trout
2325:
1717:
1705:
1685:Taramosalata
1675:Gefilte fish
1642:Carp anglers
1608:Redmire pool
1603:Carp fishing
1485:Krishna carp
1464:
1440:Crucian carp
1409:Bighead carp
1404:African carp
1317:. Retrieved
1299:
1293:
1274:
1254:"Grass carp"
1249:
1233:
1228:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1181:. Retrieved
1176:
1167:
1155:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1072:. Retrieved
1065:the original
1056:
1030:. Retrieved
1025:
1019:
996:
991:
975:
969:
961:
956:
945:
939:
911:
903:
898:
882:
859:. Retrieved
845:
839:
833:
825:
805:
782:
752:Bighead carp
739:
737:
720:
717:Weed control
679:
675:South Africa
540:
524:
505:
500:water bodies
485:
476:
467:lateral line
460:
430:
404:
398:
397:
375:native range
344:
343:
339:
337:
286:
275:
269:Steindachner
264:
256:
248:
240:
232:
215:Valenciennes
206:
204:
188:
187:
175:Steindachner
168:
167:
29:
2704:NatureServe
2629:iNaturalist
2487:Wikispecies
2207:Echinoderms
2114:Crustaceans
1881:Forage fish
1654:Chris Yates
1540:Silver carp
1495:Mrigal carp
1490:Mirror carp
1434:Common carp
1366:Carp groups
1162:, texas.gov
748:Silver carp
667:New Zealand
607:Switzerland
603:Netherlands
551:Philippines
527:Silver Lake
354:herbivorous
154:Subfamily:
35:Grass fish
2827:Categories
2784:grass-carp
2220:Sea urchin
1707:Total Carp
1525:Sabre carp
1465:Grass carp
1414:Black carp
1379:Asian carp
1373:Cyprinidae
1183:3 February
1133:niwa.co.nz
1128:Grass carp
1074:2008-12-16
1032:12 January
818:References
803:is legal.
801:bowfishing
797:sport fish
744:Black carp
706:biocontrol
643:Montenegro
543:introduced
531:Washington
518:and other
496:backwaters
435:introduced
419:cultivated
391:Asian carp
383:Amur River
364:Cyprinidae
340:grass carp
148:Cyprinidae
18:White amur
2234:Fisheries
2099:Whitebait
2043:Toothfish
1869:yellowfin
1829:Swordfish
1577:Carp lice
1505:Nile carp
1114:0380-1330
861:21 August
663:Australia
659:Venezuela
655:Argentina
651:Macedonia
423:food fish
373:, with a
352:of large
183:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
2709:2.102594
2647:10570174
2590:FishBase
2514:BioLib:
2472:Wikidata
2390:Scallops
2368:Atlantic
2187:Scallops
2159:Molluscs
2066:Sturgeon
2033:Rockfish
1986:flounder
1981:Flatfish
1964:Atlantic
1934:european
1914:Sardines
1909:Menhaden
1864:skipjack
1839:albacore
1814:Mackerel
1740:Koi pond
1618:Hair rig
1613:Chod rig
1570:Diseases
1561:Sea carp
1500:Mud carp
1460:Goldfish
1319:11 March
1301:FishBase
1238:Archived
1220:22140646
980:Archived
947:FishBase
887:Archived
808:stocking
793:Bulgaria
728:triploid
690:Arkansas
635:Slovenia
623:Slovakia
563:Pakistan
555:Malaysia
512:detritus
441:and the
415:wetlands
371:Far East
291:Dybowski
224:Synonyms
144:Family:
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
2797:1005936
2608:2362030
2405:Tilapia
2395:Seaweed
2383:chinook
2358:Oysters
2353:Mussels
2338:Catfish
2321:crucian
2311:bighead
2225:more...
2197:more...
2182:Oysters
2177:Octopus
2172:Mussels
2167:Abalone
2149:more...
2132:Lobster
2104:more...
2071:Tilapia
2028:Pollock
2013:Haddock
1991:halibut
1969:Pacific
1954:Catfish
1899:Herring
1894:Capelin
1889:Anchovy
1788:fishery
1663:As food
785:angling
686:Alabama
631:Croatia
627:Romania
599:Germany
587:Denmark
516:insects
482:Ecology
463:barbels
389:. This
385:on the
381:to the
368:Pacific
359:in the
350:species
348:) is a
164:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
2810:154314
2771:154314
2742:NZOR:
2673:163537
2634:128500
2569:CTEPID
2556:212044
2478:Q76098
2400:Shrimp
2363:Salmon
2331:silver
2316:common
2298:Farmed
2142:Prawns
2137:Shrimp
2018:Mullet
2006:turbot
1996:plaice
1844:bigeye
1819:Salmon
1701:Benson
1628:Boilie
1218:
1112:
787:. The
750:, and
740:(四大家鱼)
730:fish.
682:Taiwan
639:Serbia
617:, the
615:Poland
601:, the
595:France
589:, the
583:Sweden
579:Mexico
573:, the
571:Israel
549:, the
439:Europe
431:(四大家鱼)
407:rivers
361:family
293:, 1877
282:, 1867
271:, 1866
177:, 1866
2805:WoRMS
2693:NAS:
2686:61295
2660:16772
2642:IRMNG
2582:10002
2577:EUNIS
2543:99H8T
2530:56083
2517:15577
2326:grass
2192:Squid
2127:Krill
2076:Trout
1929:Sprat
1919:Saury
1904:Ilish
1824:Shark
1419:Catla
1150:, DOC
1068:(PDF)
1061:(PDF)
611:Italy
559:India
547:Japan
492:pools
488:ponds
427:China
421:as a
395:genus
2838:Carp
2779:ODNR
2766:OBIS
2758:2146
2735:7959
2730:NCBI
2681:IUCN
2668:ITIS
2616:GISD
2603:GBIF
2564:EPPO
2525:BOLD
2378:coho
2306:Carp
2122:Crab
2061:Carp
2001:sole
1924:Shad
1834:Tuna
1797:Wild
1680:Kuai
1359:Carp
1321:2006
1258:IGFA
1216:PMID
1185:2023
1110:ISSN
1034:2014
863:2023
846:2022
789:IGFA
734:Food
688:and
673:and
671:Fiji
649:and
567:Iran
494:and
445:for
338:The
280:Kner
2717:NBN
2696:514
2655:ISC
2621:369
2551:EoL
2538:CoL
2502:ADW
2094:Eel
1959:Cod
1480:Koi
1208:doi
1131:in
1102:doi
1092:".
850:doi
712:Use
437:to
425:in
2829::
2807::
2794::
2781::
2768::
2755::
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