484:
424:
70:
42:
944:
3463:
956:
525:
819:
902:
RU Ehlers. Current and Future Use of
Nematodes in Biocontrol: Practice and Commercial Aspects with Regard to Regulatory Policy Issues. Biocontrol Science and Technology Volume 6, Issue 3, 1996.
820:
Oryctoantiquus borealis, New Genus and
Species from the Eocene of Oregon, U.S.A., the World's Oldest Fossil Dynastine and Largest Fossil Scarabaeid (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)
499:
Scarabs are stout-bodied beetles, many with bright metallic colours, measuring between 1.5 and 160 millimetres (0.059 and 6.3 in). They have distinctive, clubbed
3821:
3682:
3721:
544:) are active during the day. The grubs mostly live underground or under debris, so are not exposed to sunlight. Many scarabs are scavengers that recycle dung,
447:. The classification of this family has undergone significant change. Several groups formerly treated as subfamilies have been elevated to family rank (e.g.,
2907:
738:"A transcriptome-based phylogeny of Scarabaeoidea confirms the sister group relationship of dung beetles and phytophagous pleurostict scarabs (Coleoptera)"
648:
2876:
3656:
3695:
3191:
989:
475:), and some reduced to lower ranks. The subfamilies listed in this article are in accordance with those in Catalog of Life (2023).
3783:
2900:
2916:
599:
3306:
3700:
3708:
3389:
2982:
69:
3565:
3542:
3439:
2893:
643:
511:, with legs adapted for digging. In some groups males (and sometimes females) have prominent horns on the head and/or
483:
3635:
3419:
3399:
423:
3726:
3648:
611:
576:
166:
3816:
3384:
3379:
982:
960:
3286:
3263:
3176:
3482:
3351:
871:
568:
536:, called grubs, are pale yellow or white. Most adult beetles are nocturnal, although the flower chafers (
392:
3811:
3757:
3444:
3336:
3126:
3121:
2972:
595:
3570:
673:
Bouchard, Patrice; Bousquet, Yves; Davies, Anthony E.; Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel A.; et al. (2011).
401:
383:
3775:
3788:
3736:
3604:
3529:
3291:
3085:
3072:
2128:
749:
682:
310:
3449:
3394:
3161:
3146:
3030:
2347:
975:
350:
318:
302:
2967:
64:
3762:
3520:
948:
822:". 2009. The Coleopterists Bulletin 59(Mar 2005):127-135 DOI:10.1649/0010-065X(2005)0592.0.CO;2
507:
that can be compressed into a ball or fanned out like leaves to sense odours. Many species are
342:
262:
3744:
3591:
3171:
3141:
3090:
3080:
3055:
2989:
2616:
2033:
718:
700:
598:
shells which act as left-handed circular polarisers; this was the first-discovered example of
553:
504:
500:
198:
3687:
3749:
3341:
3223:
3116:
3111:
2977:
2713:
2492:
2487:
2410:
2168:
1184:
880:
845:
757:
708:
690:
616:
3276:
2402:
2355:
2200:
2184:
1860:
1620:
1589:
1504:
1422:
1313:
1281:
653:
584:
549:
358:
640:– Scarabaeidae dung beetles play an important role in temperate and tropical environments
753:
686:
3643:
3630:
3467:
3358:
3331:
3257:
3131:
3015:
2948:
2805:
2756:
2611:
2418:
2086:
2070:
2009:
1904:
1875:
1803:
1767:
1751:
1667:
1612:
1517:
1414:
1263:
1225:
1205:
1101:
836:[Relationship Between Meteorological Conditions and Beetles in Mata de Cocal].
713:
674:
628:
representing the sacred scarab beetles were traded throughout the
Mediterranean world.
572:
517:
448:
214:
52:
926:
3805:
3534:
3414:
2959:
2787:
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2323:
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2252:
2227:
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2110:
2049:
1967:
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1865:
1746:
1680:
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1322:
1160:
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278:
238:
151:
141:
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41:
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3005:
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2434:
2426:
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2315:
2236:
2192:
2144:
2062:
1975:
1844:
1831:
1811:
1772:
1672:
1659:
1630:
1564:
1552:
1448:
1405:
1388:
1380:
1330:
1168:
1138:
1069:
1058:
1042:
780:
736:
Dietz, Lars; Seidel, Matthias; Eberle, Jonas; Misof, Bernhard; et al. (2023).
334:
2885:
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3060:
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2510:
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2373:
2339:
2331:
2244:
2176:
2160:
2152:
2115:
2102:
2078:
1996:
1988:
1938:
1930:
1888:
1852:
1823:
1795:
1790:
1706:
1701:
1693:
1643:
1579:
1574:
1488:
1453:
1438:
1430:
1346:
1338:
1155:
914:
637:
564:
560:
472:
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460:
452:
190:
943:
3186:
3181:
3038:
2953:
2777:
2738:
2730:
2672:
2535:
2497:
2450:
2442:
2262:
2210:
2094:
2025:
1896:
1880:
1836:
1777:
1741:
1721:
1685:
1594:
1584:
1458:
1192:
1176:
931:
884:
580:
537:
456:
366:
270:
254:
246:
230:
222:
206:
3505:
967:
923:
Photos of various
Cetonidae, Dynastidae, Euchiridae, Lucanidae and Trichinae]
704:
3617:
3404:
3020:
2842:
2834:
2826:
2813:
2769:
2568:
2543:
2471:
2299:
2270:
1954:
1785:
1759:
1711:
1625:
1527:
1496:
1468:
1301:
1276:
1271:
1252:
1217:
1106:
1089:
1081:
1030:
1018:
850:
833:
588:
541:
512:
508:
326:
294:
286:
182:
131:
101:
81:
937:
Bibliography of literature published on scarab beetles since 1 January 2001
722:
695:
559:
Some of the well-known beetles from the
Scarabaeidae are Japanese beetles,
955:
17:
3578:
3499:
3301:
3206:
3048:
3043:
2746:
2696:
2640:
2599:
2548:
2205:
2136:
2017:
1729:
1535:
1509:
1367:
1200:
1147:
1126:
1036:
374:
3557:
3462:
920:
3296:
3252:
3218:
3196:
3151:
2463:
2455:
2307:
2041:
1962:
1946:
762:
737:
545:
524:
3674:
3583:
3230:
2931:
2920:
2054:
1914:
1547:
1024:
1012:
999:
806:
625:
492:
436:
427:
On this high quality closeup, head anatomic details are well visible.
121:
111:
91:
3661:
3476:
866:
515:
to fight over mates or resources. The largest fossil scarabaeid was
3622:
3770:
3201:
533:
523:
482:
422:
3245:
3480:
2889:
1298:
1249:
1123:
1055:
971:
3609:
932:
June
Beetles, Family: Scarabaeidae - Diagnostic photographs
435:, as currently defined, consists of over 35,000 species of
1370:(furniture beetles, death watch beetles, spider beetles)
818:
Brett
Ratcliffe, Dena M. Smith, Diane Marie Erwin. "
3489:
3430:
3372:
3324:
3275:
3160:
3099:
3071:
3029:
2998:
2941:
2927:
2804:
2755:
2721:
2712:
2590:
2581:
2534:
2509:
2393:
2364:
2261:
2235:
2226:
2008:
1987:
1913:
1720:
1611:
1467:
1413:
1404:
1379:
1321:
1312:
1137:
556:, wreaking havoc on various crops and vegetation.
548:, or decaying plant material. Others, such as the
834:"Relação Entre Tempo e Besouros em Mata de Cocal"
2247:(jewel beetles, or metallic wood-boring beetles)
521:with a length of 50 millimetres (2.0 in).
1970:(true weevils, bark beetles, ambrosia beetles)
2901:
983:
867:"On metallic colourings in birds and insects"
8:
2213:(ironclad beetles, cylindrical bark beetles)
675:"Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)"
649:List of Scarabaeidae subfamilies and tribes
3477:
2938:
2908:
2894:
2886:
2718:
2587:
2232:
1410:
1318:
1309:
1295:
1246:
1134:
1120:
1052:
990:
976:
968:
802:
800:
40:
31:
2877:List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera
1957:(straight snout weevils, New York weevil)
849:
775:
773:
761:
712:
694:
2384:(cicada beetle, cicada parasite beetles)
665:
3192:List of crop plants pollinated by bees
2474:(false fireflies, long-lipped beetles)
832:Marcos Paulo Gomes Gonçalves (2017).
7:
3822:Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille
3776:B718293D-FFD6-F215-FF0D-FDC4BD46F6ED
3737:c896fcfb-e0a8-4d05-93a8-e75248c0bd6f
3649:a9c1eb54-509a-4eb0-9b98-3812b9571d58
2500:(false metallic wood-boring beetles)
809:Family Scarabaeidae - Scarab Beetles
594:Several members of this family have
528:A scarab beetle grub from Australia.
939:(worldwide coverage; through 2005)
838:Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia
624:) was revered as sacred. Egyptian
25:
439:worldwide; they are often called
3461:
2111:Perimylopidae, or Promecheilidae
1696:(minute brown scavenger beetles)
954:
942:
487:Sacred scarab in a cartouche of
68:
2326:(variegated mud-loving beetles)
614:, the dung beetle now known as
600:circular polarization in nature
49:Central European scarab beetles
3307:Home-stored product entomology
781:"Scarabaeidae Latreille, 1802"
51:with some anatomical details.
1:
3390:Decline in insect populations
2983:List of insect-inspired songs
2155:(narrow-waisted bark beetles)
1847:(parasitic flat bark beetles)
1798:(short-winged flower beetles)
1654:(lady beetles, or God's cows)
1391:(tooth-necked fungus beetles)
2667:(sand-loving scarab beetles)
2057:(minute tree-fungus beetles)
1883:(silvanid flat bark beetles)
2816:(primitive carrion beetles)
2772:(minute mud-loving beetles)
2635:(bumble bee scarab beetles)
2405:(soft-bodied plant beetles)
2376:(soft bodied plant beetles)
1179:(predaceous diving beetles)
644:List of Scarabaeidae genera
3838:
3420:Pesticide toxicity to bees
3400:List of endangered insects
2651:(scavenger scarab beetles)
2643:(enigmatic scarab beetles)
1816:Lamingtonium binnaberrense
1530:(soft-wing flower beetles)
921:Scarabaeidae breeding site
503:composed of plates called
3458:
2874:
2790:(water scavenger beetles)
2523:Rhinorhipus tamborinensis
2302:(long-toed water beetles)
2195:(polypore fungus beetles)
2097:(palm and flower beetles)
2081:(tumbling flower beetles)
2028:(ant-like flower beetles)
1806:(lined flat bark beetles)
1780:(pleasing fungus beetles)
1675:(handsome fungus beetles)
1308:
1294:
1259:
1245:
1220:(burrowing water beetles)
1133:
1119:
1065:
1051:
1007:
885:10.1080/14786440408637061
540:) and many leaf chafers (
179:
174:
65:Scientific classification
63:
48:
39:
34:
3385:Colony collapse disorder
3380:Bees and toxic chemicals
2837:(feather-winged beetles)
2171:(false longhorn beetles)
2118:(jugular-horned beetles)
2065:(false darkling beetles)
2036:(cryptic fungus beetles)
1855:(shining flower beetles)
1195:(crawling water beetles)
1094:Sikhotealinia zhiltzovae
865:A. A. Michelson (1911).
495:temple of Amun-Ra, Egypt
3287:Insect bites and stings
3264:Drosophila melanogaster
3177:Biological pest control
2318:(forest stream beetles)
2179:(synchroa bark beetles)
2139:(dead log bark beetles)
2131:(fire-coloured beetles)
2020:(ant-like leaf beetles)
1754:(silken fungus beetles)
1688:(well polished beetles)
1662:(minute fungus beetles)
1481:Acanthocnemus nigricans
851:10.1590/0102-7786324003
518:Oryctoantiquus borealis
3352:Rats, Lice and History
2829:(round fungus beetles)
2163:(false flower beetles)
2147:(wedge-shaped beetles)
2105:(false blister beetle)
2089:(hairy fungus beetles)
2044:(conifer bark beetles)
1941:(leaf-rolling weevils)
1602:(bark-gnawing beetles)
1362:(wounded-tree beetles)
1228:(false ground beetles)
1150:(trout-stream beetles)
872:Philosophical Magazine
696:10.3897/zookeys.88.807
529:
496:
428:
3758:Paleobiology Database
3337:Alfred Russel Wallace
3122:Entomological warfare
2973:Insects in literature
2741:(false clown beetles)
2563:(plate-thigh beetles)
2445:(false click beetles)
2350:(water-penny beetles)
1999:(ship-timber beetles)
1978:(pine flower weevils)
1826:(root-eating beetles)
1646:(minute bark beetles)
1557:Phloiophilus edwardsi
1084:(reticulated beetles)
742:Systematic Entomology
596:structurally coloured
527:
486:
426:
3644:Fauna Europaea (new)
3292:Insect sting allergy
3086:Cicadas in mythology
2619:(false stag beetles)
2604:Belohina inexpectata
2466:(net-winged beetles)
2429:(rare click beetles)
2342:(travertine beetles)
2334:(minute mud beetles)
1899:(dry-fungus beetles)
1734:Agapytho foveicollis
1491:(false skin beetles)
1354:(Jacobson's beetles)
1074:Crowsoniella relicta
963:at Wikimedia Commons
396:Bai & Wang, 2018
3395:Habitat destruction
3147:Insects in religion
2617:Diphyllostomatidae
1949:(primitive weevils)
1762:(flat bark beetles)
1512:(checkered beetles)
1499:(fruitworm beetles)
1187:(whirligig beetles)
927:Family SCARABAEIDAE
754:2023SysEn..48..672D
687:2011ZooK...88....1B
393:Electrorubesopsinae
3468:Insects portal
3440:Insects and humans
2968:Arthropods in film
2917:Human interactions
2482:(glowworm beetles)
2187:(darkling beetles)
2034:Archeocrypticidae
1891:(palmetto beetles)
1638:(dry bark beetles)
1425:(longhorn beetles)
763:10.1111/syen.12602
581:rhinoceros beetles
530:
497:
429:
3799:
3798:
3745:Open Tree of Life
3483:Taxon identifiers
3474:
3473:
3363:Insect Literature
3320:
3319:
3219:Carmine/Cochineal
3172:Beneficial insect
3142:Insects in ethics
3091:Scarab (artifact)
3081:Bees in mythology
2990:Insects on stamps
2883:
2882:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2854:
2846:
2845:(carrion beetles)
2838:
2830:
2817:
2791:
2773:
2742:
2734:
2708:
2707:
2700:
2692:
2684:
2676:
2668:
2660:
2652:
2644:
2636:
2628:
2620:
2607:
2577:
2576:
2564:
2556:
2526:
2501:
2483:
2475:
2467:
2459:
2446:
2438:
2430:
2422:
2421:(soldier beetles)
2414:
2411:Brachypsectridae
2406:
2385:
2377:
2351:
2343:
2335:
2327:
2319:
2311:
2303:
2290:
2282:
2274:
2248:
2222:
2221:
2214:
2196:
2188:
2180:
2172:
2169:Stenotrachelidae
2164:
2156:
2148:
2140:
2132:
2119:
2106:
2098:
2090:
2082:
2074:
2073:(blister beetles)
2066:
2058:
2045:
2037:
2029:
2021:
2000:
1979:
1971:
1958:
1950:
1942:
1934:
1924:
1900:
1892:
1884:
1856:
1848:
1840:
1827:
1819:
1807:
1799:
1781:
1763:
1755:
1737:
1697:
1689:
1676:
1663:
1655:
1647:
1639:
1621:Akalyptoischiidae
1603:
1560:
1543:
1531:
1513:
1500:
1492:
1484:
1434:
1426:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1371:
1363:
1355:
1342:
1334:
1290:
1289:
1267:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1229:
1221:
1213:
1196:
1188:
1180:
1172:
1164:
1151:
1115:
1114:
1097:
1085:
1077:
959:Media related to
840:(in Portuguese).
785:Catalogue of Life
421:
420:
415:
406:
402:Lithoscarabaeinae
397:
388:
384:Cretoscarabaeinae
379:
371:
363:
355:
347:
339:
331:
323:
315:
307:
299:
291:
283:
275:
267:
259:
251:
243:
235:
227:
219:
211:
203:
199:Allidiostomatinae
195:
187:
170:
27:Family of beetles
16:(Redirected from
3829:
3792:
3791:
3779:
3778:
3766:
3765:
3753:
3752:
3740:
3739:
3730:
3729:
3717:
3716:
3714:NHMSYS0001720035
3704:
3703:
3691:
3690:
3678:
3677:
3665:
3664:
3652:
3651:
3639:
3638:
3626:
3625:
3613:
3612:
3600:
3599:
3587:
3586:
3574:
3573:
3561:
3560:
3551:
3550:
3538:
3537:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3478:
3466:
3465:
3342:Jean-Henri Fabre
3117:Cricket fighting
3112:Cockroach racing
2978:Insects in music
2939:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2887:
2852:
2844:
2836:
2828:
2815:
2789:
2771:
2740:
2732:
2719:
2714:Staphyliniformia
2698:
2690:
2682:
2674:
2666:
2658:
2650:
2642:
2634:
2626:
2618:
2601:
2588:
2562:
2553:Declinia relicta
2550:
2520:
2499:
2493:Sinopyrophoridae
2488:Rhagophthalmidae
2481:
2473:
2465:
2457:
2444:
2436:
2428:
2420:
2412:
2404:
2403:Artematopodidae
2383:
2375:
2349:
2341:
2333:
2325:
2317:
2310:(riffle beetles)
2309:
2301:
2289:(turtle beetles)
2288:
2280:
2272:
2246:
2233:
2212:
2194:
2186:
2178:
2170:
2162:
2154:
2146:
2138:
2130:
2117:
2104:
2096:
2088:
2080:
2072:
2064:
2056:
2043:
2035:
2027:
2019:
1998:
1977:
1969:
1956:
1948:
1940:
1933:(fungus weevils)
1932:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1905:Tasmosalpingidae
1898:
1890:
1882:
1854:
1846:
1838:
1825:
1813:
1805:
1797:
1779:
1761:
1753:
1731:
1695:
1687:
1674:
1661:
1653:
1645:
1637:
1601:
1554:
1537:
1529:
1511:
1498:
1490:
1478:
1477:Acanthocnemidae
1432:
1424:
1411:
1390:
1369:
1361:
1353:
1340:
1332:
1319:
1310:
1296:
1265:
1247:
1227:
1219:
1207:
1194:
1186:
1178:
1170:
1163:(ground beetles)
1162:
1149:
1135:
1121:
1091:
1083:
1071:
1070:Crowsoniellidae
1053:
992:
985:
978:
969:
958:
947:Data related to
946:
917:Images on Flickr
889:
888:
879:(124): 554–567.
862:
856:
855:
853:
829:
823:
816:
810:
804:
795:
794:
792:
791:
777:
768:
767:
765:
733:
727:
726:
716:
698:
670:
617:Scarabaeus sacer
585:Hercules beetles
567:, rose chafers (
413:
404:
395:
386:
378:Schenkling, 1922
377:
369:
361:
353:
345:
337:
329:
321:
313:
305:
297:
289:
281:
274:Burmeister, 1844
273:
265:
257:
249:
241:
233:
225:
217:
209:
201:
193:
185:
165:
73:
72:
44:
32:
21:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3817:Beetle families
3802:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3787:
3782:
3774:
3769:
3761:
3756:
3748:
3743:
3735:
3733:
3725:
3720:
3712:
3707:
3699:
3694:
3686:
3681:
3673:
3668:
3660:
3655:
3647:
3642:
3634:
3629:
3621:
3616:
3608:
3603:
3595:
3590:
3582:
3577:
3569:
3564:
3556:
3554:
3546:
3541:
3533:
3528:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3485:
3475:
3470:
3460:
3454:
3432:
3426:
3368:
3316:
3278:
3271:
3163:
3156:
3095:
3067:
3025:
2994:
2934:
2929:
2923:
2914:
2884:
2879:
2858:
2800:
2751:
2733:(clown beetles)
2704:
2675:(betsy beetles)
2583:Scarabaeiformia
2573:
2530:
2505:
2437:(click beetles)
2413:(Texas beetles)
2389:
2360:
2356:Ptilodactylidae
2281:(cedar beetles)
2257:
2218:
2201:Trictenotomidae
2087:Mycetophagidae
2004:
1983:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1909:
1861:Phloeostichidae
1812:Lamingtoniidae
1804:Laemophloeidae
1752:Cryptophagidae
1716:
1607:
1590:Thanerocleridae
1553:Phloiophilidae
1540:Metaxina ornata
1505:Chaetosomatidae
1463:
1396:
1375:
1333:(auger beetles)
1314:Bostrichiformia
1304:
1286:
1282:Torridincolidae
1266:(skiff beetles)
1264:Hydroscaphidae
1255:
1233:
1226:Trachypachidae
1171:(tiger beetles)
1129:
1111:
1061:
1047:
1003:
996:
966:
910:
905:
898:
896:Further reading
893:
892:
864:
863:
859:
831:
830:
826:
817:
813:
805:
798:
789:
787:
779:
778:
771:
735:
734:
730:
672:
671:
667:
662:
654:Scarab artifact
634:
608:
589:Goliath beetles
550:Japanese beetle
481:
414:Nikolajev, 2000
405:Nikolajev, 1992
387:Nikolajev, 1995
359:Termitotroginae
338:Latreille, 1802
311:Phaenomeridinae
266:Latreille, 1829
258:Stebnicka, 1977
234:Blanchard, 1845
186:Blanchard, 1850
164:
142:Scarabaeiformia
67:
57:Fauna Germanica
50:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3835:
3833:
3825:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3804:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3780:
3767:
3754:
3741:
3731:
3718:
3705:
3692:
3679:
3666:
3653:
3640:
3631:Fauna Europaea
3627:
3614:
3601:
3588:
3575:
3562:
3552:
3539:
3526:
3511:
3495:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3472:
3471:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3436:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3359:Lafcadio Hearn
3356:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3332:Jan Swammerdam
3328:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3258:Model organism
3255:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3179:
3174:
3168:
3166:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3132:Insect farming
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3035:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3016:Artificial fly
3013:
3008:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2956:
2949:Insects in art
2945:
2943:
2936:
2925:
2924:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2890:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2853:(rove beetles)
2851:Staphylinidae
2848:
2840:
2832:
2824:
2819:
2810:
2808:
2806:Staphylinoidea
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2788:Hydrophilidae
2785:
2780:
2775:
2767:
2761:
2759:
2757:Hydrophiloidea
2753:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2736:
2727:
2725:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2699:(hide beetles)
2694:
2686:
2683:(rain beetles)
2678:
2670:
2662:
2659:(stag beetles)
2654:
2646:
2638:
2630:
2622:
2614:
2612:Bolboceratidae
2609:
2596:
2594:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2558:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2519:Rhinorhipidae
2515:
2513:
2511:Rhinorhipoidea
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2477:
2469:
2461:
2453:
2448:
2440:
2432:
2424:
2416:
2408:
2399:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2379:
2370:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2345:
2337:
2329:
2324:Heteroceridae
2321:
2313:
2305:
2297:
2292:
2287:Chelonariidae
2284:
2279:Callirhipidae
2276:
2273:(pill beetles)
2267:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2241:
2239:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2190:
2185:Tenebrionidae
2182:
2174:
2166:
2158:
2150:
2142:
2134:
2126:
2121:
2113:
2108:
2100:
2092:
2084:
2076:
2068:
2060:
2052:
2047:
2039:
2031:
2023:
2014:
2012:
2010:Tenebrionoidea
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1993:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1973:
1968:Curculionidae
1965:
1960:
1952:
1944:
1936:
1927:
1925:
1915:Curculionoidea
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1894:
1886:
1878:
1876:Protocucujidae
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1850:
1842:
1834:
1829:
1821:
1809:
1801:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1775:
1770:
1768:Cybocephalidae
1765:
1757:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1726:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1691:
1683:
1678:
1670:
1668:Discolomatidae
1665:
1657:
1652:Coccinellidae
1649:
1641:
1636:Bothrideridae
1633:
1628:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1613:Coccinelloidea
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1600:Trogossitidae
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1550:
1545:
1533:
1525:
1520:
1518:Lophocateridae
1515:
1507:
1502:
1494:
1486:
1473:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1433:(leaf beetles)
1431:Chrysomelidae
1428:
1419:
1417:
1415:Chrysomeloidea
1408:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1385:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1365:
1360:Nosodendridae
1357:
1352:Jacobsoniidae
1349:
1344:
1341:(skin beetles)
1336:
1327:
1325:
1316:
1306:
1305:
1299:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1250:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1223:
1215:
1210:Meru phyllisae
1203:
1198:
1190:
1182:
1174:
1166:
1158:
1153:
1144:
1142:
1131:
1130:
1124:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1102:Micromalthidae
1099:
1087:
1079:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1056:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1008:
1005:
1004:
997:
995:
994:
987:
980:
972:
965:
964:
952:
951:at Wikispecies
940:
934:
929:
924:
918:
911:
909:
908:External links
906:
904:
903:
899:
897:
894:
891:
890:
857:
844:(4): 543–554.
824:
811:
796:
769:
748:(4): 672–686.
728:
664:
663:
661:
658:
657:
656:
651:
646:
641:
633:
630:
622:Ateuchus sacer
607:
604:
577:North American
480:
477:
449:Bolboceratidae
445:scarab beetles
419:
418:
417:
416:
407:
398:
389:
380:
372:
364:
356:
354:Erichson, 1847
348:
340:
332:
324:
316:
314:Erichson, 1847
308:
300:
298:Erichson, 1847
292:
284:
276:
268:
260:
252:
244:
236:
228:
220:
218:Janssens, 1946
215:Aulonocneminae
212:
204:
196:
188:
177:
176:
172:
171:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
61:
60:
53:Edmund Reitter
46:
45:
37:
36:
35:Scarab beetle
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3834:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3790:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3728:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3553:
3549:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3531:
3527:
3522:
3516:
3512:
3507:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3479:
3469:
3464:
3457:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3429:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3415:Neonicotinoid
3413:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3274:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3159:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:Other aspects
3098:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2960:Musca depicta
2957:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2911:
2906:
2904:
2899:
2897:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2878:
2873:
2855:
2849:
2847:
2841:
2839:
2833:
2831:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2739:Sphaeritidae
2737:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2701:
2695:
2693:
2689:Scarabaeidae
2687:
2685:
2679:
2677:
2671:
2669:
2663:
2661:
2655:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2639:
2637:
2631:
2629:
2627:(dor beetles)
2623:
2621:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2592:Scarabaeoidea
2589:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2478:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2462:
2460:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2441:
2439:
2433:
2431:
2427:Cerophytidae
2425:
2423:
2417:
2415:
2409:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2382:Rhipiceridae
2380:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2338:
2336:
2330:
2328:
2322:
2320:
2316:Eulichadidae
2314:
2312:
2306:
2304:
2298:
2296:
2295:Cneoglossidae
2293:
2291:
2285:
2283:
2277:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2254:
2253:Schizopodidae
2251:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2228:Elateriformia
2225:
2215:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2193:Tetratomidae
2191:
2189:
2183:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2167:
2165:
2159:
2157:
2151:
2149:
2145:Ripiphoridae
2143:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2129:Pyrochroidae
2127:
2125:
2124:Pterogeniidae
2122:
2120:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2101:
2099:
2093:
2091:
2085:
2083:
2077:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2063:Melandryidae
2061:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2050:Chalcodryidae
2048:
2046:
2040:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2024:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1976:Nemonychidae
1974:
1972:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1953:
1951:
1945:
1943:
1937:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1887:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1871:Propalticidae
1869:
1867:
1866:Priasilphidae
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1851:
1849:
1845:Passandridae
1843:
1841:
1839:(sap beetles)
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1810:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1758:
1756:
1750:
1748:
1747:Cavognathidae
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1692:
1690:
1684:
1682:
1681:Eupsilobiidae
1679:
1677:
1673:Endomychidae
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1660:Corylophidae
1658:
1656:
1650:
1648:
1642:
1640:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
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1619:
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1604:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1575:Protopeltidae
1573:
1571:
1570:Prionoceridae
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1534:
1532:
1526:
1524:
1523:Mauroniscidae
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1495:
1493:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1444:Megalopodidae
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1429:
1427:
1423:Cerambycidae
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1393:
1389:Derodontidae
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1381:Derodontoidea
1378:
1372:
1366:
1364:
1358:
1356:
1350:
1348:
1347:Endecatomidae
1345:
1343:
1337:
1335:
1331:Bostrichidae
1329:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1323:Bostrichoidea
1320:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1293:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1277:Sphaeriusidae
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1244:
1230:
1224:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1191:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1169:Cicindelidae
1167:
1165:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1118:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1088:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1001:
993:
988:
986:
981:
979:
974:
973:
970:
962:
957:
953:
950:
945:
941:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
912:
907:
901:
900:
895:
886:
882:
878:
874:
873:
868:
861:
858:
852:
847:
843:
839:
835:
828:
825:
821:
815:
812:
808:
803:
801:
797:
786:
782:
776:
774:
770:
764:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
732:
729:
724:
720:
715:
710:
706:
702:
697:
692:
688:
684:
681:(88): 1–972.
680:
676:
669:
666:
659:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
639:
636:
635:
631:
629:
627:
623:
619:
618:
613:
612:Ancient Egypt
606:Ancient Egypt
605:
603:
601:
597:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
532:The C-shaped
526:
522:
520:
519:
514:
510:
506:
502:
494:
490:
489:Thutmosis III
485:
478:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
425:
412:
411:Prototroginae
408:
403:
399:
394:
390:
385:
381:
376:
373:
368:
365:
362:Wasmann, 1918
360:
357:
352:
349:
344:
341:
336:
333:
330:MacLeay, 1819
328:
325:
320:
317:
312:
309:
306:Reitter, 1902
304:
301:
296:
293:
290:LeConte, 1861
288:
285:
282:MacLeay, 1819
280:
279:Melolonthinae
277:
272:
269:
264:
261:
256:
253:
250:MacLeay, 1819
248:
245:
240:
239:Dynamopodinae
237:
232:
229:
224:
221:
216:
213:
208:
205:
200:
197:
194:Laporte, 1840
192:
189:
184:
181:
180:
178:
173:
168:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
152:Scarabaeoidea
150:
148:Superfamily:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
83:
80:
77:
76:
71:
66:
62:
58:
54:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3812:Scarabaeidae
3548:Scarabaeidae
3535:Scarabaeidae
3521:Scarabaeidae
3491:Scarabaeidae
3490:
3445:Insecticides
3362:
3350:
3347:Hans Zinsser
3312:Clothes moth
3262:
3073:In mythology
3006:Fishing bait
2958:
2778:Helophoridae
2770:Georissidae
2765:Epimetopidae
2688:
2681:Pleocomidae
2665:Ochodaeidae
2649:Hybosoridae
2633:Glaphyridae
2625:Geotrupidae
2603:
2600:Belohinidae
2561:Eucinetidae
2552:
2549:Decliniidae
2522:
2480:Phengodidae
2419:Cantharidae
2374:Dascillidae
2366:Dascilloidea
2348:Psephenidae
2340:Lutrochidae
2332:Limnichidae
2245:Buprestidae
2237:Buprestoidea
2177:Synchroidae
2161:Scraptiidae
2153:Salpingidae
2116:Prostomidae
2103:Oedemeridae
2079:Mordellidae
1997:Lymexylidae
1989:Lymexyloidea
1939:Attelabidae
1931:Anthribidae
1889:Smicripidae
1853:Phalacridae
1837:Nitidulidae
1832:Myraboliidae
1824:Monotomidae
1815:
1796:Kateretidae
1773:Cyclaxyridae
1733:
1730:Agapythidae
1694:Latridiidae
1644:Cerylonidae
1631:Anamorphidae
1565:Phycosecidae
1556:
1539:
1536:Metaxinidae
1489:Biphyllidae
1480:
1449:Orsodacnidae
1406:Cucujiformia
1339:Dermestidae
1209:
1148:Amphizoidae
1093:
1073:
1059:Archostemata
1043:Holometabola
1041:Superorder:
1035:Infraclass:
961:Scarabaeidae
949:Scarabaeidae
876:
870:
860:
841:
837:
827:
814:
807:bugguide.net
788:. Retrieved
784:
745:
741:
731:
678:
668:
621:
615:
609:
593:
565:June beetles
561:dung beetles
558:
554:plant-eaters
531:
516:
498:
444:
440:
433:Scarabaeidae
432:
430:
351:Sericoidinae
335:Scarabaeinae
322:Howden, 1997
319:Podolasiinae
303:Pachydeminae
175:Subfamilies
162:Scarabaeidae
161:
138:Infraorder:
56:
29:
3670:iNaturalist
3515:Wikispecies
3431:Categories,
3410:Insecticide
3241:Sericulture
3212:Royal jelly
3137:Flea circus
3127:Entomophagy
3061:Cantharidin
3056:Spanish fly
3031:In medicine
3011:Fly fishing
2942:In the arts
2822:Hydraenidae
2796:Spercheidae
2783:Hydrochidae
2747:Synteliidae
2731:Histeridae
2723:Histeroidea
2673:Passalidae
2641:Glaresidae
2498:Throscidae
2458:(fireflies)
2456:Lampyridae
2443:Eucnemidae
2435:Elateridae
2395:Elateroidea
2211:Zopheridae
2095:Mycteridae
2026:Anthicidae
1897:Sphindidae
1881:Silvanidae
1791:Hobartiidae
1778:Erotylidae
1707:Mycetaeidae
1702:Murmidiidae
1686:Euxestidae
1580:Rentoniidae
1454:Oxypeltidae
1439:Disteniidae
1272:Lepiceridae
1201:Hygrobiidae
1193:Haliplidae
1177:Dytiscidae
1156:Aspidytidae
638:Dung beetle
479:Description
473:Pleocomidae
469:Ochodaeidae
465:Hybosoridae
461:Glaphyridae
453:Geotrupidae
431:The family
370:Kolbe, 1897
346:Kirby, 1837
242:Arrow, 1911
226:Leach, 1815
210:Leach, 1815
202:Arrow, 1940
191:Aegialiinae
3806:Categories
3450:Pesticides
3187:Bee pollen
3182:Beekeeping
3164:entomology
3107:Biomimicry
3039:Apitherapy
2999:In fishing
2954:Beetlewing
2935:in culture
2843:Silphidae
2835:Ptiliidae
2827:Leiodidae
2814:Agyrtidae
2657:Lucanidae
2536:Scirtoidea
2472:Omethidae
2451:Jurasaidae
2300:Dryopidae
2271:Byrrhidae
2263:Byrrhoidea
1955:Brentidae
1760:Cucujidae
1742:Boganiidae
1722:Cucujoidea
1595:Thymalidae
1585:Rhadalidae
1528:Melyridae
1497:Byturidae
1459:Vesperidae
1368:Ptiniidae
1218:Noteridae
1185:Gyrinidae
1161:Carabidae
1090:Jurodidae
1082:Cupedidae
1029:Subclass:
1019:Arthropoda
1000:Coleoptera
790:2023-09-22
660:References
620:(formerly
569:Australian
538:Cetoniinae
457:Glaresidae
367:Trichiinae
271:Lichniinae
255:Eremazinae
247:Dynastinae
231:Chironinae
223:Cetoniinae
207:Aphodiinae
128:Suborder:
122:Coleoptera
102:Arthropoda
18:White grub
3433:templates
3405:Pesticide
3021:Fly tying
2697:Trogidae
2691:(scarabs)
2569:Scirtidae
2544:Clambidae
2137:Pythidae
2071:Meloidae
2018:Aderidae
1921:(weevils)
1786:Helotidae
1712:Teredidae
1626:Alexiidae
1510:Cleridae
1469:Cleroidea
1302:Polyphaga
1300:Suborder
1253:Myxophaga
1251:Suborder
1206:Meruidae
1125:Suborder
1107:Ommatidae
1057:Suborder
1031:Pterygota
1011:Kingdom:
705:1313-2989
542:Rutelinae
509:fossorial
343:Sericinae
327:Rutelinae
295:Orphninae
287:Oncerinae
263:Hopliinae
183:Aclopinae
167:Latreille
132:Polyphaga
88:Kingdom:
82:Eukaryota
3579:BugGuide
3555:BioLib:
3500:Wikidata
3373:Concerns
3325:Pioneers
3302:Woodworm
3207:Propolis
3162:Economic
3049:Melittin
3044:Apitoxin
2464:Lycidae
2308:Elmidae
2206:Ulodidae
2042:Boridae
1947:Belidae
1548:Peltidae
1141:families
1127:Adephaga
1037:Neoptera
1017:Phylum:
1013:Animalia
1002:families
723:21594053
632:See also
573:European
513:pronotum
505:lamellae
501:antennae
375:Valginae
158:Family:
98:Phylum:
92:Animalia
78:Domain:
3506:Q186946
3297:Bed bug
3279:insects
3277:Harmful
3253:Shellac
3197:Beeswax
3152:Jingzhe
2932:insects
2928:Aspects
2921:insects
2055:Ciidae
1963:Caridae
1025:Insecta
1023:Class:
998:Extant
750:Bibcode
714:3088472
683:Bibcode
679:ZooKeys
626:amulets
546:carrion
441:scarabs
437:beetles
118:Order:
112:Insecta
108:Class:
59:, 1908
3789:150727
3750:340559
3734:NZOR:
3701:114493
3688:104781
3623:1SCARF
3236:Kermes
3231:Chitin
3224:Polish
1139:Extant
915:Flickr
721:
711:
703:
575:, and
552:, are
534:larvae
493:Karnak
471:, and
169:, 1802
3784:WoRMS
3771:Plazi
3763:69312
3683:IRMNG
3675:48201
3636:11126
3597:6278C
3202:Honey
2919:with
491:from
3727:7055
3722:NCBI
3696:ITIS
3662:5840
3657:GBIF
3618:EPPO
3610:8134
3571:1754
3566:BOLD
3558:7896
3246:Silk
719:PMID
701:ISSN
587:and
3709:NBN
3605:EoL
3592:CoL
3584:187
3543:AFD
3530:ADW
2930:of
881:doi
846:doi
758:doi
709:PMC
691:doi
610:In
579:),
443:or
55:'s
3808::
3786::
3773::
3760::
3747::
3724::
3711::
3698::
3685::
3672::
3659::
3646::
3633::
3620::
3607::
3594::
3581::
3568::
3545::
3532::
3517::
3502::
877:21
875:.
869:.
842:32
799:^
783:.
772:^
756:.
746:48
744:.
740:.
717:.
707:.
699:.
689:.
677:.
602:.
591:.
583:,
571:,
563:,
467:,
463:,
459:,
455:,
451:,
409:†
400:†
391:†
382:†
3365:)
3361:(
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3349:(
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2602:(
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2551:(
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2521:(
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1814:(
1736:)
1732:(
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1555:(
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1538:(
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1208:(
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1092:(
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1072:(
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848::
793:.
766:.
760::
752::
725:.
693::
685::
20:)
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