White slavery - Knowledge

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children of the Christian subjects from their ethnic, religious and cultural environment and their transportation into the Turkish-Islamic environment with the aim of employing them in the service of the Palace, the army, and the state, whereby they were on the one hand to serve the Sultan as slaves and freedmen and on the other to form the ruling class of the State." When the Ottoman Empire allied with Muslim territories against Christian, slavery would be a major persistence in ensuring economic gain to both sides. This was showcased during the

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from Spain. In the eighth century, slavery lasted longer due to "frequent cross-border skirmishes, interspersed between periods of major campaigns". By the tenth century, in the eastern Mediterranean Byzantine, Christians were captured by Muslims. Many of the raids designed by Muslims were created for a fast capture of prisoners. Therefore, Muslims restricted the control in order to keep captives from fleeing. The Iberian peninsula served as a base for further exports of slaves into other Muslim regions in Northern Africa.

3130:, from the 1630s and American Revolution, had traveled under indenture. Many women brought to the colonies were poor, some were abandoned or young girls born out of wedlock, others prostitutes or criminals. One ship's captain reportedly described them as a "villainous and demoralized lot". Many were transported against their will and for profit to Virginia and Maryland. The French transported women from the 2292: 3122:

that was being carried out in a more extreme and far more extensive way with respect to the peasantry in contemporary Russia. The prevalence and suffering of white slaves, serfs and indentured servants in the early modern period suggests that there was nothing inevitable about limiting plantation slavery to people of African origin.

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I propose to consider the subject of White Slavery in Algiers, or perhaps is might be more appropriately called, White Slavery in the Barbary States. As Algiers was its chief seat, it seems to have acquired a current name for the place. This I shall not disturb; though I shall speak of white slavery,

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that was still ongoing in the early 20th-century. The phrase gradually came to be used as a euphemism for prostitution. The phrase was especially common in the context of the exploitation of minors, with the implication that children and young women in such circumstances were not free to decide their

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From Barbados to Virginia, colonists long preferred English or Irish indentured servants as their main source of field labor; during most of the seventeenth century they showed few scruples about reducing their less fortunate countrymen to a status little different from chattel slaves – a degradation

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those who remained faithful to their old religions and lived as protected persons under Muslim rule could not, if free, be legally enslaved unless they had violated the terms of being a protected subject, the contract governing their status, as for example by rebelling against Muslim rule or helping

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system enslaved an estimated 500,000 to one million non-Muslim adolescent males. These boys would attain a great education and high social standing after their training and forced conversion to Islam. Basilike Papoulia wrote that "the devsirme was the 'forcible removal', in the form of a tribute, of

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Such observations, across the late 1500s and early 1600s observers, account for around 35,000 European Christian slaves held throughout this period on the Barbary Coast, across Tripoli and Tunis, but mostly in Algiers. The majority were sailors (particularly those who were English), taken with their

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The slaves imported into Italy were native Europeans, and very few of them were from outside Europe. This has been confirmed by biochemical analysis of 166 skeletons from three imperial-era cemeteries in the vicinity of Rome (where the bulk of the slaves lived), which shows that only one individual

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In the US this usage became prominent around 1909: "a group of books and pamphlets appeared announcing a startling claim: a pervasive and depraved conspiracy was at large in the land, brutally trapping and seducing American girls into lives of enforced prostitution, or 'white slavery.' These white

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Among the concubines of a prince of Morocco were two slaves of the age of fifteen, one of English, and the other of French extraction. – Lampiere's Tour, p. 147. There is an account of "One Mrs. Shaw, an Irishwoman," in words hardly polite enough to be quoted. She was swept into the harem of Muley

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raided ships traveling through the Mediterranean and along the northern and western coasts of Africa, plundering their cargo and enslaving the people they captured. From at least 1500, the pirates also conducted raids along seaside towns of Italy, Spain, France, England, the Netherlands and as far

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in the late 15th century. The slaves were exported from the Christian region of Spain, as well as from Eastern Europe, sparking significant reaction from many in Christian Spain and many Christians still living in Muslim Spain. Soon after, Muslims were successful, taking 30,000 Christian captives

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It is also worth noting that there were wide fluctuations from year to year, particularly in the 18th and 19th centuries, and also given the fact that, prior to the 1840s, there are no consistent records. Middle East expert John Wright cautions that modern estimates are based on back-calculations

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There are no records of how many men, women and children were enslaved, but it is possible to calculate roughly the number of fresh captives that would have been needed to keep populations steady and replace those slaves who died, escaped, were ransomed, or converted to Islam. On this basis it is

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Dhimmis were protected persons who could not be enslaved unless they violated the terms of protection. Such violations normally included rebellion or treason; according to some authorities this could also include failure to pay due taxes. Failure to pay tax could also result in imprisonment.

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Från vit slavhandel till trafficking: En studie om föreställningar kring människohandel och dess offer. Hallner, Ann. Stockholms universitet, Humanistiska fakulteten, Historiska institutionen. 2009 (Svenska) Ingår i: Historisk Tidskrift, ISSN 0345-469X, E-ISSN 2002-4827, Vol. 129, nr 3, s.

4679:. NYU Press. p. 47. Quote: "If a dhimmi, or protected person, broke his agreement and left Muslim territory to go to an enemy land, he became, unless he had been driven to this resort by injustices suffered amongst the Muslims, liable to enslavement if he were ever again captured." 2385:

Davis's numbers have been challenged by other historians, such as David Earle, who cautions that the true picture of European slaves is clouded by the fact the corsairs also seized non-Christian whites from eastern Europe and black people from west Africa. A second book by Davis,

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While Barbary corsairs looted the cargo of ships they captured, their primary goal was to capture people for sale as slaves or for ransom. Those who had family or friends who might ransom them were held captive, but not obliged to work; the most famous of these was the author

3367:. Using the Mann Act, federal prosecutors convicted Johnson of transporting his white girlfriend across state lines. During the first half of the 20th century, authorities disproportionately prosecuted women who were poor and/or racial/ethnic minorities using the Mann Act. 3350:

While women were indeed victims of trafficking in the US, the public outcry about white slavery was mostly in response to racial anxieties about interracial contact. Local prosecutors in New York were the first to convict a defendant for "white slavery" case using the

3387:: "the United Kingdom, and particularly England, is increasingly becoming a clearing-house and depot and dispatch centre of the white slave traffic, and the headquarters of the foreign agents engaged in the most expensive and lucrative phase of the business." 2381:

thought that around 8,500 new slaves were needed annually to replenish numbers – about 850,000 captives over the century from 1580 to 1680. By extension, for the 250 years between 1530 and 1780, the figure could easily have been as high as 1,250,000."

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in Chile, both sides engaged in slavery of the enemy population, among other atrocities. Much like the Spanish had captured Mapuche people, the Mapuches had also captured Spaniards, often women, and traded their ownership among them. Indeed, with the

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An international campaign against the white slave trade started in several countries in the West in the late 19th-century. Many of the procurers and prostitutes who had accompanied the British and French troops to Constantinople during the

3194: 4760:, pp. 120–3; 130–8, Quotes: "Family members were held responsible for individual's poll tax (mahbus min al-jizya)"; "Imprisonment for failure to pay debt was very common"; "This imprisonment often meant house arrest ... which was known as 2739:, slaves as a legal penalty. Their status under the law was different from that of other slaves; they could not buy their freedom, be sold, or be set free. They were expected to live and die in the mines. Imperial slaves and freedmen (the 3311: 2721:. Generally, slaves in Italy were indigenous Italians, with a minority of foreigners (including both slaves and freedmen) born outside of Italy estimated at 5% of the total in the capital, where their number was largest, at its peak. 3397:

commented that "the Bill has been blocked by a member or members who, for various reasons consider that it is not a measure which ought to be placed upon the statute book" as it would affect the liberty of the individual.

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in the Caucasus. It has been reported that the selling price of slaves fell after large military operations. Enslavement of Europeans was banned in the early 19th century, while enslavement of other groups was permitted.

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that were afforded limited freedoms, legal protections, personal safety, and were allowed to "practice their religion, subject to certain conditions, and to enjoy a measure of communal autonomy" in return for paying the

4453:; María José Álvarez Faedo; Tomás A. Mantecón Movellán; Rosario Márquez Macías; María Losada Friend; Clara Zamora Meca; Verónica Undurraga Schüler; Yéssica González Gómez; María José de la Pascua Sánchez (11 May 2016). 3314:

was founded to coordinate an international campaign, and as a result of the campaign of the movement suggestions was put forward on how to combat the white slave trade in Paris in 1902, which eventually resulted in the

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through the border between Christian and Islamic kingdoms where castration centres were also located instead of the direct route. From there they were sent into Islamic Spain and other Muslim-ruled regions especially

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to transport women across state borders for the purpose of "prostitution or debauchery, or for any other immoral purpose". The Act was applied to a wide variety of offences, many of which were consensual in nature.

2261:, raids undertaken by groups of noblemen, sometimes illegally because they contravened treaties concluded by the khans with neighbouring rulers. For a long time, until the early 18th century, the khanate maintained 2595:(1599–1604) Mapuches are reported to have taken 500 Spanish women captive, holding them as slaves. It was not uncommon for captive Spanish women to have changed owner several times. As late as in the 1850s alleged 2115:

people, however later it came to denote all European slaves in some Muslim regions like Spain including those abducted from raids on Christian kingdoms of Spain. The Franks started buying slaves from the Slavs and

2442:. Moulay Ismail was nicknamed the 'bloody king' by the Europeans due to his extreme cruelty and exaction of summary justice upon his Christian slaves. He is also known in his native country as the "Warrior King". 2559:

Even after several measures to ban slavery in the late 19th century, the practice continued largely unabated into the early 20th century. As late as 1908, female slaves were still sold in the Ottoman Empire.

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In 1877 the first international congress for the abolition of prostitution took place in Geneva in Switzerland, followed by the foundation of the International Association of Friends of Young Girls (German:

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came from outside of Europe (North Africa), and another two possibly did, but results are inconclusive. In the rest of the Italian peninsula, the fraction of non-European slaves was much lower than that.

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Rodríguez García, Magaly. Gillis, Kristien. (2018) Morality Politics and Prostitution Policy in Brussels: A Diachronic Comparison. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 15. DOI: 10.1007/s13178-017-0298-5

2273:(city on Crimean peninsula) was one of the best known and significant trading ports and slave markets. In 1769, a last major Tatar raid resulted in the capture of 20,000 Russian and Ruthenian slaves. 2269:

was one of the best known and significant trading ports and slave markets. Crimean Tatar raiders enslaved between 1 and 2 million slaves from Russia and Poland–Lithuania over the period 1500–1700.

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was frequently dependent on a person's socio-economic status and national affiliation, and thus included European slaves. It was also common for European people to be enslaved and traded in the

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In Anglophone countries in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the phrase "white slavery" was used to refer to sexual enslavement of white women. It was particularly associated with accounts of

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taxes. If a dhimmi broke his agreement and left Muslim territory for enemy land, he was liable to be enslaved – unless the dhimmi had left Muslim territory because he suffered injustice there.

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between the 15th and 19th centuries. However, to extrapolate his numbers, Davis assumes the number of European slaves captured by Barbary pirates was constant for a 250-year period, stating:

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Candidate, Jo Doezema Ph.D. "Loose women or lost women? The re-emergence of the myth of white slavery in contemporary discourses of trafficking in women." Gender issues 18.1 (1999): 23–50.

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in which the Ottoman Empire sent military to collect Christian boys between the ages of 8 and 18, who were taken from their families and raised to serve the empire. The tax was imposed by

2422:. Captives who converted to Islam were generally freed, since enslavement of Muslims was prohibited; but this meant that they could never return to their native countries. Moroccan Sultan 1941:

to serve the empire for a variety of functions. In the mid-19th century, the term 'white slavery' was used to describe the Christian slaves that were sold into the Barbary slave trade in

5029:'She Will Eat Your Shirt': Foreign Migrant Women as Brothel Keepers in Port Said and along the Suez Canal, 1880–1914.". Journal of the History of Sexuality. 30 .2 (2021): 161–194. Web.. 5551: 2946: 1921:

being traded by the Arabs, but it could also refer more broadly to Central, Southern, and Eastern Europeans who were also traded by the Arabs, as well as all European slaves in some

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the enemies of the Muslim state or, according to some authorities, by withholding payment of the agricultural or yearly tax, the taxes due from protected people to the Muslim state.

4627:"Killgrove and Montgomery. "All Roads Lead to Rome: Exploring Human Migration to the Eternal City through Biochemistry of Skeletons from Two Imperial-Era Cemeteries (1st–3rd c AD)"" 3007:, to orphans, to those in need and to travelers. This eventually included slaves, and war captives were given to soldiers and officers to help motivate their participation in wars. 1584: 1115: 4588:

Prowse, Tracy L.; Schwarcz, Henry P.; Garnsey, Peter; Knyf, Martin; MacChiarelli, Roberto; Bondioli, Luca (2007). "Isotopic evidence for age-related immigration to imperial Rome".

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María Luisa Candau Chacón; Mónica Bolufer Peruga; Alonso Manuel Macías Domínguez; Manuel José de Lara Ródenas; Sara López Villarán; Antonio José Couso Liañez; Marta Ruiz Sastre;

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convicted Bella Moore, a mixed race woman from New York, for the "compulsory prostitution" of two white women, Alice Milton and Belle Woods. Another notable court case involved

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treaties, the first of which was first negotiated in Paris in 1904. It was one of the first multilateral treaties to address issues of slavery and human trafficking. The

4739:, pp. 155, Quote – "The law does not contemplate slavery for debt in the case of Muslims, but it allows the enslavement of Dhimmis for non-payment of jizya and kharaj." 538: 2483: 2232: 3180: 1991: 893: 3256:); after this, national associations to combat the white slave trade was gradually founded in a number of nations, such as the Freundinnenverein in Germany, the 2410:, were abandoned following the raid, only being resettled many years later. Between 1609 and 1616, England alone had 466 merchant ships lost to Barbary pirates. 5541: 4485: 4343:[The captives of the Seven Cities: The captivity of hispanic-creole women during the Arauco's War, from the insight of four chroniclers (17th century)] 2100: 2016: 2398:

ships, but others were fishermen and coastal villagers. However, most of these captives were people from lands close to Africa, particularly Spain and Italy.

1439: 1589: 4341:"Las cautivas de las Siete Ciudades: El cautiverio de mujeres hispanocriollas durante la Guerra de Arauco, en la perspectiva de cuatro cronistas (s. XVII)" 3141:

Women held at Salpêtrière were bound in chains, flogged and lived in generally poor and unsanitary conditions. Female inmates, some of whom were sick with

920: 2978: 1666: 418: 3245:, since they were under protection of the foreign consulates because of the Capitulatory privileges until 1937 and therefore protected from the police. 4590: 2995:

The "pençik" or "penç-yek" tax, meaning "one fifth", was a taxation based on a verse of the Quran; whereby one fifth of the spoils of war belonged to

2880: 2860: 2141:. The saqaliba gained popularity in Umayyad Spain especially as warriors. After the collapse of the Umayyads, they also came to rule over many of the 868: 1639: 1459: 632: 4205: 3380: 3360: 1797: 3672:

Shmael, who "forced her to turn moor";"but soon after, having taken a dislike to her, he gave her to a soldier". – Braithwaite's Morocco, p. 191.

5546: 4856:, 1453–1669, New Brunswick, New Jersey, Rutgers University Press, 1976, p. 41; Vasiliki Papoulia, The Impact of Devshirme on Greek Society, in 2974: 2780: 903: 321: 5526: 5508: 5474: 4881: 4837: 4812: 4785: 4757: 4736: 4708: 4529: 4464: 4433: 4269: 4164: 4088: 3880: 3842: 3815: 3788: 3744: 3718: 3664: 3629: 3277: 3106: 1481: 1158: 930: 5006:

Zilfi, M. (2010). Women and Slavery in the Late Ottoman Empire: The Design of Difference. Storbritannien: Cambridge University Press. p. 217

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The League of Nations: A Survey (January 1920 – December 1926). (1926). Schweiz: Information section, League of nations Secretariat. p. 22

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in Iceland. Men, women, and children were captured to such a devastating extent that vast numbers of sea coast towns were abandoned.

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Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery saqaliba&f=false The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery: A-K ; Vol. II, L-Z

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Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery saqaliba&f=false The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery: A-K ; Vol. II, L-Z

3158: 1404: 100: 2763: 2438:(now Rabat), which supplied him with Christian slaves and weapons through their raids in the Mediterranean and all the way to the 2418:, who was held for almost five years. Others were sold into various types of servitude. Attractive women or boys could be used as 2299: 2349:

on ships and by raids on coastal towns from Italy to Spain, Portugal, France, England, the Netherlands, and as far afield as the

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According to Robert Davis, between 1 million and 1.25 million Europeans were captured by Barbary pirates and sold as slaves in

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that included European captives was often fueled by raids into European territories or were taken as children in the form of a

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Ingeniosa invención: Essays on Golden Age Spanish Literature for Geoffrey L. Stagg in Honor of his Eighty-Fifth Birthday

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aimed at combating the sale of women who were forced into prostitution in the countries of continental Europe.

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White Slavery in the Barbary States: A lecture before the Boston Mercantile Library Association, Feb. 17, 1847

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White Slavery in The Barbary States. A Lecture Before The Boston Mercantile Library Association, Feb. 17, 1847

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White Slavery in The Barbary States. A Lecture Before The Boston Mercantile Library Association, Feb. 17, 1847

2610:". A report dating from 1863 said that her captors, fearing vengeance from Spaniards, sold her to the warlord 401: 3805: 5581: 5385:"PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS: Quarantining Women: Venereal Disease Rapid Treatment Centers in World War II America" 4696: 4549: 3984:

Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast and Italy, 1500–1800

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Donovan, Brian. White slave crusades: race, gender, and anti-vice activism, 1887–1917. Urbana and Chicago:

3998:"When Europeans were slaves: Research suggests white slavery was much more common than previously believed" 998: 4168: 3761: 3483: 3293: 3221: 2536: 2407: 1976: 1783: 1752: 1257: 910: 758: 482: 448: 443: 4289: 3153:. In addition to Salpêtrière, the French transported women from other almshouses and hospitals including 5155:"Narratives of Sexual Consent and Coercion: Forced Prostitution Trials in Progressive-Era New York City" 4376: 4012: 3692: 3573: 3135: 3021: 2933: 2470: 2246: 1858: 1619: 1474: 1387: 1372: 1054: 1042: 788: 773: 558: 333: 255: 4209: 2152:

Central Europe was the most favoured destination for importation of slaves alongside Central Asia and

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three times each day where they would be whipped if their demeanor and behaviors were not acceptably

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In 1899 the first international congress against white slave trade took place in London, where the

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Relief from Smyrna (present-day Izmir, Turkey) depicting a Roman soldier leading captives in chains

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16th- and 17th-century customs statistics suggest that Istanbul's additional slave import from the

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of girls who worked in Chicago brothels. Similarly, countries of Europe signed in Paris in 1904 an

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may have totaled around 2.5 million from 1450 to 1700. The markets declined after the loss of the

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slave narratives, or white-slave tracts, began to circulate around 1909." Mark Thomas Connelly,

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Venetians in Constantinople: Nation, Identity, and Coexistence in the Early Modern Mediterranean

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Holy War and Human Bondage: Tales of Christian–Muslim Slavery in the Early-Modern Mediterranean

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over the "traffic in women" rose to a peak in England in the 1880s, after the exposure of the

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The International Agreement for the suppression of the White Slave Traffic is a series of anti–

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Holy War and Human Bondage: Tales of Christian–Muslim Slavery in the Early-Modern Mediterranean

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were also valued. This slave trade was controlled mostly by European slave traders. France and

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Imperial Mines and Quarries in the Roman World: Organizational Aspects 27–BC AD 235

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pressed upon Egypt by the British explicitly banned the sex slave trade of "white women" to

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who fought in Roman arenas were slaves, though the most skilled were often free volunteers.

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blocking Arab merchants from European ports, they later started importing in slave from the

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Slavery, Servitude, Forced Labour and Similar Institutions and Practices Convention of 1926

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away as Iceland, capturing men, women and children. On some occasions, settlements such as

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in the Muslim world however was expensive and they thus were given as gifts by rulers. The

1925:, including those abducted from raids on Spanish Christian kingdoms. During the era of the 4481: 4066: 4004: 3418: 2838: 2564:

was a central part of the Ottoman slave system throughout the history of the institution.

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An attempt was made to introduce a similar law into the UK between 1910 and 1913 as the

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Spyropoulos Yannis, Slaves and freedmen in 17th- and early 18th-century Ottoman Crete,

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During the Arab slave trade, Europeans were among those traded by the Arabs. The term

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throughout human history, whether perpetrated by non-Europeans or by other Europeans.

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Mark R. Cohen (2005), Poverty and Charity in the Jewish Community of Medieval Egypt,

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Never one nation: freaks, savages, and whiteness in U.S. popular culture, 1850–1877

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and sold into slavery to the Ottomans after attacking the city of Barawa, Somalia.

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worked in mine administration and management. In the Late Republic, about half the

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in the early 1700s. From the mid to late 14th, through early 18th centuries, the

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International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women of Full Age

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In the time of the Crimean Khanate, Crimeans engaged in frequent raids into the

2121: 2080: 2076: 2058: 1969:. It also encompassed many forms of slavery, including the European concubines ( 1547: 1535: 888: 691: 681: 639: 453: 59: 4360: 2253:) of 10 percent or 20 percent. The campaigns by Crimean forces categorize into 5305: 5288: 3238: 3146: 2895: 2833: 2583: 2498: 2419: 2193:

were also imported as eunuchs and concubines to Muslim states. The slavery of

2046: 2032: 1922: 1695: 992: 696: 563: 5400: 5361: 5314: 5289:"Sex, Social Hygiene, and the State: The Double-Edged Sword of Social Reform" 5257: 5178: 5131: 4368: 4040: 3959: 3921: 3312:

International Bureau for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women and Children

5060:

Modernizing Marriage: Family, Ideology, and Law in Nineteenth- and Early ...

4970:

The Secret Malady: Venereal Disease in Eighteenth-century Britain and France

3807:

Exegesis as Polemical Discourse: Ibn Ḥazm on Jewish and Christian Scriptures

3423: 3234: 3069: 3061: 3045: 2805: 2744: 2710: 2548: 2446: 2439: 2291: 2202: 1934: 1869: 940: 605: 467: 4902:, Vol. 29, No. 1, 1966, V.L.Menage, (Cambridge University Press, 1966), 64. 4662: 4611: 2091:

on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, sometimes penetrating as far as

622: 62:

slave. Entitled, "Vornehmer Kaufmann mit seinem Cirkassischen Sklaven" by

17: 5108:"Prostitution, the Alien Woman and the Progressive Imagination, 1910–1915" 3352: 3334: 3328: 3285: 3150: 3105:

In the 17th to 18th centuries, many white people in Britain, Ireland and

3053: 3000: 2990: 2890: 2706: 2694: 2615: 2478: 2206: 2189: 2181: 2107: 1905: 1530: 1088: 1032: 984: 644: 489: 344: 250: 5408: 5384: 5369: 5345: 5186: 5154: 4954:

Women and Capital Punishment in the United States: An Analytical History

5501:

White Cargo: The Forgotten History of Britain's White Slaves in America

5265: 5139: 5107: 4927:

In the Image of God Religion, Moral Values, and Our Heritage of Slavery

4603: 4169:

http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra/por-qu-volvi-cervantes-de-argel-0/

3987: 3710:

Charlemagne, Muhammad, and the Arab Roots of Capitalism by Gene W. Heck

3458: 3428: 3057: 3049: 3016: 2607: 2603: 2587: 2544: 2431: 2361: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2194: 2129: 2096: 2092: 1962: 1889: 1881: 1873: 1513: 595: 275: 92: 5519:

White Slave Crusades: Race, Gender, and Anti-vice Activism, 1887-1917.

5322: 3317:

International Agreement for the suppression of the White Slave Traffic

3175:

International Agreement for the suppression of the White Slave Traffic

2508:

Muslim Spain imported Christian slaves from the 8th century until the

1996:

International Agreement for the suppression of the White Slave Traffic

3433: 3338: 3033: 2923: 2913: 2718: 2682: 2165: 2161: 2142: 1971: 1917:) was often used in medieval Arabic sources to refer specifically to 1877: 1215: 1037: 617: 600: 462: 297: 265: 5249: 5123: 4398:"Chili: sketches of Chili and the Chilians during the war 1879–1880" 2053:

in the early 9th century. About 10 km (6 mi) south of the

1986:

from the beginning of the twentieth century to campaign against the

3905: 3181:

History of sexual slavery in the United States § White slavery

3297: 3213: 3027: 2928: 2502: 2435: 2327: 2270: 2266: 2112: 1918: 1838: 472: 458: 433: 55: 51: 4181:

The Cambridge World History of Slavery: Volume 3, AD 1420–AD 1804

2677:, slaves accounted for most of the means of industrial output in 1872:, there were various forms of status applying to people (such as 4913:"Francis Xavier: His Life, his times – vol. 2: India, 1541–1545" 4456:

Las mujeres y las emociones en Europa y América. Siglos XVII-XIX

2690: 2257:, declared military operations led by the khans themselves, and 2168:

served as a major centre for castration of Slavic captives. The

1833:; European women, in particular, were highly sought-after to be 339: 169: 4425:

Vida fronteriza en la Araucanía: el mito de la Guerra de Arauco

3241:, and these brothels was a destination for many victims of the 2164:

were the routes used to send Slavic slaves to Muslim lands and

4860:, Editor—in—Chief, Bela K. Kiraly, 1982, Vol. II, pp. 561—562. 4246:

Ottomans against Italians and Portuguese about (white slavery)

4130: 2618:

for a hundred mares, but that she had died after three years.

2535:'s economy and society. The main sources of white slaves were 2333:

These markets prospered while the states were nominally under

3391:

was stated as the main destination for the trafficked girls.

1957:

in 1847 to describe the slavery of Christians throughout the

1841:

of many Muslim rulers. Examples of such slavery conducted in

5346:"Controlling Veneral Disease in Orlando during World War II" 4155:

Daniel Eisenberg, "¿Por qué volvió Cervantes de Argel?", in

4100:

Wright, John (2007). "Trans-Saharan Slave Trade". Routledge.

4029:"New book reopens old arguments about slave raids on Europe" 3637:

or the slavery of Christians, throughout the Barbary States.

2303:

The purchase of Christian captives by Catholic monks in the

2172:

also served as an important port for this trade. Due to the

5421:

Hansard CRIMINAL LAW AMENDMENT (WHITE SLAVE TRAFFIC) BILL.

2209:

who imported them from Spain. The Fatimids also used other

4692:

Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An Historical Enquiry

3591:

History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Volume I

2586:(1550–1662), a long-running conflict between Spanish and 2539:

and organized enslavement expeditions in Eastern Europe,

2337:, though, in reality, they were mostly autonomous. The 4900:

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies

3777:

Pargas, Damian Alan; Roşu, Felicia (7 December 2017).

3739:. Munich: Harvard University Press. 2009. p. 72. 3419:

Slave narrative § North African slave narratives

3126:

Between 50 and 67 percent of white immigrants to the

2401:

From bases on the Barbary Coast of North Africa, the

2249:. For each captive, the khan received a fixed share ( 2120:

while Muslims also came across slaves in the form of

3872:

Roxolana in European Literature, History and Culture

3113:. Sterling Professor of History at Yale University 2360:

1815 illustration of a group of Christian slaves in

1470:

Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery

5521:United States: University of Illinois Press, 2010. 5234:"Jack Johnson and White Women: The National Impact" 5018:

The Response to Prostitution in the Progressive Era

4083:, Praeger Series on the Early Modern World (2010). 4027:Carroll, Rory; correspondent, Africa (2004-03-11). 2490:delivering Christian captives in Algiers after the 2330:, between the 15th and middle of the 19th century. 5020:, University of North Carolina Press, 1980, p. 114 4513: 4191:Trade and traders in Muslim Spain, Fourth Series, 3655:. Boston: William D. Ticknor and Company. p. 3620:. Boston: William D. Ticknor and Company. p. 3201:Western Campaign against White slavery around 1900 2531:Slavery was a legal and a significant part of the 1821:) refers to the enslavement of any of the world's 37:"White slave" redirects here. For other uses, see 4997:, University of Minnesota Press, 2005, pp. 68–88. 4381:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 3371:Criminal Law Amendment (White Slave Traffic) Bill 3077:where Portuguese slaves were held captive by the 3713:. Munich: Walter de Gruyter. 2009. p. 316. 3337:(better known as the Mann Act), which made it a 3250:Internationale Verein Freundinnen junger Mädchen 1585:13th Amendment to the United States Constitution 4625:Killgrove, Kristina; Montgomery, Janet (2016). 4459:. Ed. Universidad de Cantabria. pp. 420–. 3514:"The Forgotten Arab Slave Trade of East Africa" 3060:in the mid 1300s and lasted until the reign of 2378: 2103:, and lost its importance in the 11th century. 1868:were enslaved. On the European continent under 5552:Prisoners and detainees of the Crimean Khanate 4780:. Princeton University Press. pp. 14–15. 4228: 4226: 3020:in territories under Muslim rule, a status of 4677:Slavery in the History of Muslim Black Africa 4159:, Newark, Delaware, Juan de la Cuesta, 1999, 3780:Critical Readings on Global Slavery (4 vols.) 2954: 2265:with the Ottoman Empire and the Middle East. 2101:trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks 2095:. The route functioned concurrently with the 2045:The Volga trade route was established by the 2017:Trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks 1791: 8: 4320:Women and slavery in the late Ottoman Empire 3936:"slavery | Definition, History, & Facts" 2453:and ended in the 1830s, when the region was 1590:Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom 5088: 5086: 2602:was said to be living as wife to a Mapuche 5153:Donovan, Brian; Barnes-Brus, Tori (2011). 4832:. W.W. Norton & Company. p. 395. 4334: 4332: 4330: 4328: 3804:Pulcini, Theodore; Laderman, Gary (1998). 3763:12th century Europe: an interpretive essay 2979:History of concubinage in the Muslim world 2961: 2947: 2758: 2345:which were acquired by Barbary pirates in 2233:Crimean–Nogai raids into East Slavic lands 2132:. Most Slavic slaves were imported to the 1798: 1784: 75: 5304: 4652: 4642: 4591:American Journal of Physical Anthropology 3593:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3546:The Saqaliba slaves in the Aghlabid state 3134:for the homeless, insane and criminal to 2029:The Rus trading slaves with the Khazars: 27:Enslavement of people of European descent 4947: 4945: 4022: 4020: 3875:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 111. 3237:in Egypt during the construction of the 2643: 2482: 2390:, widened its focus to related slavery. 2355: 2298: 2290: 2024: 1595:Abolition of slave trade in Persian gulf 1460:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery 1440:Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90 45: 3501: 3346:White slavery and race/gender in the US 3296:), which were the preferred choice for 3048:was a blood tax largely imposed in the 2904: 2879: 2814: 2786: 2779: 2314:of North Africa, in what is modern-day 2201:eunuchs were prominent at the court of 2061:, they established a settlement called 1953:The phrase "white slavery" was used by 87: 4858:War and Society in East Central Europe 4374: 4144:Topografía e historia general de Argel 4062: 4052: 3902:Darjusz Kołodziejczyk, as reported by 3858:Historical survey > Slave societies 3512:Akinbode, Ayomide (20 December 2021). 2975:History of slavery in the Muslim world 2128:and settlers in addition to among the 4127:"British Slaves on the Barbary Coast" 4113:"British Slaves on the Barbary Coast" 3869:Galina I. Yermolenko (15 July 2010). 3278:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention 1482:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention 1159:Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea 7: 5542:Greek slaves from the Ottoman Empire 5423:HC Deb 10 June 1912 vol 39 cc571-627 3507: 3505: 2501:(also known as Islamic Iberia), the 1923:Muslim-controlled regions like Spain 1674:Slave marriages in the United States 1278:Human trafficking in the Middle East 5486:White Slavery in the Barbary States 5389:Bulletin of the History of Medicine 3333:In 1910 the US Congress passed the 1914: 1013:Human trafficking in Southeast Asia 5499:Don Jordan; Michael Walsh (2018). 3834:State and Society in Fatimid Egypt 3107:European colonies in North America 2681:. Slaves were drawn from all over 2505:controlled much of the peninsula. 2461:Christian slavery in Muslim Iberia 1667:last survivors of American slavery 25: 3272:and the internationally infamous 2099:trade route, better known as the 2075:and Northwestern Russia with the 1937:from the families of citizens of 628:Field slaves in the United States 495:Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate 5350:The Florida Historical Quarterly 5171:10.1111/j.1747-4469.2011.01244.x 4973:. University Press of Kentucky. 4804:Lineages of the Absolutist State 4322:Cambridge University Press, 2010 3760:Packard, Sidney Raymond (1973). 3233:in the 1850s opened brothels in 2762: 2310:Slave markets flourished on the 505:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate 500:Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate 329:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate 99: 5232:Gilmore, Al-Tony (1973-01-01). 4578:(Blackwell, 2006), p. 124. 4576:A Sourcebook on the Roman Games 4428:. Andres Bello. pp. 203–. 3377:Criminal Law Amendment Act 1912 3323:White Slave Traffic Act of 1910 3197:of 1933 are similar documents. 2665:Slavery in the Byzantine Empire 2593:Destruction of the Seven Cities 2364:by British artist Walter Croker 1455:Committee of Experts on Slavery 1006:East, Southeast, and South Asia 4876:, Bloomsbury USA, p. 12, 3258:National Vigilance Association 3010:Christians and Jews, known as 2213:slaves for military purposes. 2111:originally was used to denote 2087:used this route to trade with 1154:Slave raiding in Easter Island 32:White slavery (disambiguation) 1: 5547:Slavery in the Ottoman Empire 4512:Santosuosso, Antonio (2001). 4400:. London: Wm H Allen & Co 4111:Davis, Robert (17 Feb 2011). 3910:The Journal of Jewish Studies 2987:Slavery in the Ottoman Empire 2773:History of the Ottoman Empire 2731:), forfeited their property ( 2492:Bombardment of Algiers (1683) 67: 5238:The Journal of Negro History 5094:University of Illinois Press 4870:David Nicolle (1995-05-15), 4830:Worlds Together Worlds Apart 4644:10.1371/journal.pone.0147585 3783:. BRILL. pp. 653, 654. 3276:in the 1880s. In 1884, the 1445:Temporary Slavery Commission 1106:Slavery in the Mongol Empire 5572:Stereotypes of white people 5469:. Independently Published. 5383:PARASCANDOLA, JOHN (2009). 4967:Merians, Linda Evi (1996). 4828:Pollard, Elizabeth (2015). 4727:I. P. Petrushevsky (1995), 4563:Imperial Mines and Quarries 4520:. Westview Press. pp. 4339:Guzmán, Carmen Luz (2013). 4146:, 3 vols., Madrid, 1927–29. 3683:Brøndsted (1965), pp. 64–65 3554:Central European University 2735:) to the state, and became 2578:Polygamy in Mapuche culture 2568:Spanish slaves in Araucanía 1465:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery 510:Volga Bulgarian slave trade 64:Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje 5623: 4896:Some Notes on the Devsirme 4750:Princeton University Press 4361:10.15691/07176864.2014.094 4193:Cambridge University Press 3409:Slavery in medieval Europe 3326: 3178: 3172: 3098: 3088: 3014:in Islam, were considered 2972: 2815:Ethnoreligious communities 2755:Slavery under Islamic rule 2662: 2656: 2625: 2571: 2520: 2464: 2280: 2230: 2223:History of slavery in Asia 2220: 2010: 1982:The term was also used by 1650:Great Dismal Swamp maroons 1487:Anti-Slavery International 1252:North Africa and West Asia 36: 29: 4264:. JHU Press. p. 72. 3095:Irish indentured servants 2145:. With the conversion of 2049:(Vikings) who settled in 1746:Emancipation Proclamation 1418:Opposition and resistance 1176:Sex trafficking in Europe 1164:Blackbirding in Polynesia 727:Trans-Saharan slave trade 5577:Arab slaves and freedmen 5159:Law & Social Inquiry 4952:Baker, David V. (2016). 4807:. Verso. pp. 366–. 4675:Humphrey Fisher (2001), 4552:, 2010), sect. 3.3. 4236:, 46, 2015, p. 181, 182. 3904:Mikhail Kizilov (2007). 3649:Sumner, Charles (1847). 3614:Sumner, Charles (1847). 3543:Mishin, Dmitrij (1998). 3274:White slave trade affair 3216:, such as the so-called 3159:Hôpital général de Paris 3145:, were forced to attend 2537:Ottoman wars into Europe 2424:Moulay Ismail Ben Sharif 2394:from human observation. 2341:slave markets traded in 1864:Many different types of 1526:Compensated emancipation 737:Indian Ocean slave trade 5306:10.1023/A:1006875928287 5287:Luker, Kristin (1998). 4801:Perry Anderson (1979). 4774:Lewis, Bernard (1984). 4697:Oxford University Press 4689:Lewis, Bernard (1992). 4550:Oxford University Press 4396:R. Nelson Boyd (1881). 4363:(inactive 2024-09-12). 4258:Eric Dursteler (2006). 4171:, retrieved 11/20/2014. 3964:Encyclopedia Britannica 3940:Encyclopedia Britannica 3589:Shaw, Stanford (1976). 3489:White-Slave Traffic Act 3474:1926 Slavery Convention 3335:White Slave Traffic Act 3254:Amies de la jeune fille 2659:Slavery in ancient Rome 2653:Slavery in ancient Rome 2239:Danubian principalities 1827:Slavery in ancient Rome 1819:white slave trafficking 1450:1926 Slavery Convention 1206:Germany in World War II 823:North and South America 345:Contract of manumission 5344:Strom, Claire (2012). 5106:Feldman, Egal (1967). 3922:10.18647/2730/JJS-2007 3736:Atlas of the Year 1000 3484:White slave propaganda 3444:Guðríður Símonardóttir 3294:Circassian slave trade 3124: 2649: 2494: 2426:controlled a fleet of 2383: 2365: 2307: 2296: 2156:, though slaves from 2042: 1823:European ethnic groups 931:British Virgin Islands 483:Circassian slave trade 449:Safavid imperial harem 444:Ottoman Imperial Harem 73: 5439:The Spectator Archive 4544:Alfred Michael Hirt, 4349:Intus-Legere Historia 4013:Ohio State University 3960:"Feodosiya | Ukraine" 3119: 3099:Further information: 3022:second-class citizens 2787:Court and aristocracy 2663:Further information: 2647: 2486: 2471:Slavery in Al-Andalus 2359: 2302: 2294: 2263:a massive slave trade 2184:and the Caspian Sea. 2028: 1939:conquered territories 1859:Black Sea slave trade 1170:Europe and North Asia 1130:Australia and Oceania 830:Pre-Columbian America 402:Slave raid of Suðuroy 334:Slavery in al-Andalus 256:Black Sea slave trade 185:21st-century jihadism 49: 5607:European slave trade 5483:The 1847 edition of 4852:A. E. Vacalopoulos. 4516:Storming the Heavens 4487:Viaje a la Patagonia 4420:Sergio Villalobos R. 4286:Wolf Von Schierbrand 3831:Lev, Yaacov (1991). 3479:Slavery in antiquity 3270:Eliza Armstrong case 3091:Indentured servitude 3085:Indentured servitude 1625:Indentured servitude 1553:Underground Railroad 1353:United Arab Emirates 742:Zanzibar slave trade 709:By country or region 522:Atlantic slave trade 424:Ma malakat aymanukum 308:Venetian slave trade 30:For other uses, see 5597:Forced prostitution 5562:African slave trade 4451:Ofelia Rey Castelao 3697:Junius P. Rodriguez 3578:Junius P. Rodriguez 3383:would state in the 3303:among the Egyptian 3218:Circassian beauties 3169:White slave traffic 3111:indentured servants 2881:Rise of nationalism 2725:Damnati in metallum 2574:Slavery of Mapuches 2527:Crimean slave trade 2523:Ottoman slave trade 2517:Ottoman slave trade 2475:Slavery in Portugal 2455:conquered by France 2416:Miguel de Cervantes 2283:Barbary slave trade 2277:Barbary slave trade 2227:Crimean slave trade 2158:Northwestern Europe 2051:Northwestern Russia 1988:forced prostitution 1931:Ottoman slave trade 1855:Ottoman slave trade 1851:Barbary slave trade 1711:Slave Route Project 842:Americas indigenous 732:Red Sea slave trade 722:Contemporary Africa 585:Topics and practice 355:Crimean slave trade 350:Bukhara slave trade 303:Genoese slave trade 180:Contemporary Africa 160:Forced prostitution 5293:Theory and Society 5209:"People vs. Moore" 5112:American Quarterly 4604:10.1002/ajpa.20541 4422:(1 January 1995). 4318:Madeline C. Zilfi 4298:The New York Times 4206:"Supply of Slaves" 4065:has generic name ( 4003:2011-07-25 at the 3810:. Scholars Press. 3524:on 6 December 2023 3439:Turkish Abductions 3132:Salpêtrière prison 3012:People of the Book 2871:Great Fire of 1660 2650: 2632:Slavery in Britain 2628:Slavery in Ireland 2597:shipwreck survivor 2495: 2408:Baltimore, Ireland 2366: 2351:Turkish Abductions 2335:Ottoman suzerainty 2308: 2297: 2043: 2021:Balkan slave trade 1492:Blockade of Africa 799:Somali slave trade 715:Sub-Saharan Africa 407:Turkish Abductions 365:Khivan slave trade 360:Khazar slave trade 313:Balkan slave trade 271:Prague slave trade 74: 5602:Human trafficking 5567:History of Africa 5557:Slavery in Africa 5527:978-0-252-09100-1 5510:978-0-8147-4296-9 5476:978-1-0922-8981-8 5057:Kenneth M. Cuno: 4883:978-1-85532-413-8 4839:978-0-393-92207-3 4814:978-0-86091-710-6 4787:978-0-691-00807-3 4777:The Jews of Islam 4758:978-0-691-09272-0 4737:978-0-88706-070-0 4710:978-0-19-505326-5 4531:978-0-8133-3523-0 4466:978-84-8102-770-9 4435:978-956-13-1363-7 4288:(28 March 1886). 4271:978-0-8018-8324-8 4165:978-0-936388-83-0 4089:978-0-275-98950-7 3882:978-0-7546-6761-2 3844:978-90-04-09344-7 3817:978-0-7885-0395-5 3790:978-90-04-34661-1 3746:978-3-406-58450-3 3720:978-3-406-58450-3 3666:978-1-0922-8981-8 3631:978-1-0922-8981-8 3518:The History Ville 3414:Slavery in Africa 3243:white slave trade 3187:human trafficking 3128:American colonies 3115:David Brion Davis 3101:Irish slaves myth 2971: 2970: 2741:familia Caesaris) 2687:the Mediterranean 2640:Slavery in Russia 2295:The Barbary Coast 2013:Volga trade route 2002:White slave trade 1975:) often found in 1965:, the capital of 1961:and primarily in 1927:Fatimid Caliphate 1815:white slave trade 1808: 1807: 1758:Freedmen's Bureau 1580:Third Servile War 1575:International law 1142:Human trafficking 904:Human trafficking 579:Thirteen colonies 397:Sack of Baltimore 165:Human trafficking 16:(Redirected from 5614: 5517:Donovan, Brian. 5514: 5480: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5445: 5431: 5425: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5380: 5374: 5373: 5341: 5335: 5334: 5308: 5284: 5278: 5277: 5229: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5219: 5205: 5199: 5198: 5150: 5144: 5143: 5103: 5097: 5090: 5081: 5078: 5072: 5069: 5063: 5055: 5049: 5046: 5040: 5036: 5030: 5027: 5021: 5013: 5007: 5004: 4998: 4991: 4985: 4984: 4964: 4958: 4957: 4949: 4940: 4939:Galenson 1984: 1 4937: 4931: 4923: 4917: 4916: 4909: 4903: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4867: 4861: 4854:The Greek Nation 4850: 4844: 4843: 4825: 4819: 4818: 4798: 4792: 4791: 4771: 4765: 4746: 4740: 4725: 4719: 4718: 4686: 4680: 4673: 4667: 4666: 4656: 4646: 4622: 4616: 4615: 4585: 4579: 4574:Alison Futrell, 4572: 4566: 4559: 4553: 4542: 4536: 4535: 4519: 4509: 4503: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4492: 4477: 4471: 4470: 4446: 4440: 4439: 4416: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4393: 4387: 4386: 4380: 4372: 4346: 4336: 4323: 4316: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4294: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4255: 4249: 4243: 4237: 4230: 4221: 4220: 4218: 4217: 4208:. Archived from 4202: 4196: 4189: 4183: 4178: 4172: 4153: 4147: 4142:Diego de Haedo, 4140: 4134: 4123: 4117: 4116: 4108: 4102: 4101: 4097: 4091: 4077: 4071: 4070: 4064: 4060: 4058: 4050: 4048: 4047: 4024: 4015: 3995: 3989: 3980: 3974: 3973: 3971: 3970: 3956: 3950: 3949: 3947: 3946: 3932: 3926: 3925: 3900: 3894: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3866: 3860: 3855: 3849: 3848: 3828: 3822: 3821: 3801: 3795: 3794: 3774: 3768: 3767: 3757: 3751: 3750: 3731: 3725: 3724: 3705: 3699: 3690: 3684: 3681: 3675: 3674: 3646: 3640: 3639: 3611: 3605: 3604: 3586: 3580: 3571: 3565: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3551: 3540: 3534: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3520:. Archived from 3509: 3385:House of Commons 3282:slavery in Egypt 3252:or FJM; French: 3143:venereal disease 3075:Battle of Barawa 2983:Arab slave trade 2963: 2956: 2949: 2781:Social structure 2775: 2766: 2759: 2636:Slavery in Spain 2622:European slavery 2488:Abraham Duquesne 2467:Slavery in Spain 2287:Barbary corsairs 2243:Poland–Lithuania 2174:Byzantine Empire 2126:Byzantine Empire 2089:Muslim countries 2071:). It connected 1916: 1898:forced to labour 1861:, among others. 1847:Arab slave trade 1800: 1793: 1786: 1770:Emancipation Day 1603: 1570:Slave Trade Acts 261:Byzantine Empire 103: 76: 72: 69: 58:(right) and his 21: 5622: 5621: 5617: 5616: 5615: 5613: 5612: 5611: 5592:Slavery by type 5532: 5531: 5511: 5498: 5477: 5463:Sumner, Charles 5461: 5458: 5456:Further reading 5453: 5452: 5443: 5441: 5433: 5432: 5428: 5420: 5416: 5382: 5381: 5377: 5343: 5342: 5338: 5286: 5285: 5281: 5250:10.2307/2717154 5231: 5230: 5226: 5217: 5215: 5207: 5206: 5202: 5152: 5151: 5147: 5124:10.2307/2710785 5105: 5104: 5100: 5091: 5084: 5079: 5075: 5070: 5066: 5056: 5052: 5047: 5043: 5037: 5033: 5028: 5024: 5014: 5010: 5005: 5001: 4992: 4988: 4981: 4966: 4965: 4961: 4951: 4950: 4943: 4938: 4934: 4924: 4920: 4911: 4910: 4906: 4894: 4890: 4884: 4873:The Janissaries 4869: 4868: 4864: 4851: 4847: 4840: 4827: 4826: 4822: 4815: 4800: 4799: 4795: 4788: 4773: 4772: 4768: 4747: 4743: 4726: 4722: 4711: 4688: 4687: 4683: 4674: 4670: 4637:(2): e0147585. 4624: 4623: 4619: 4587: 4586: 4582: 4573: 4569: 4560: 4556: 4543: 4539: 4532: 4511: 4510: 4506: 4496: 4494: 4490: 4482:Woodbine Parish 4479: 4478: 4474: 4467: 4448: 4447: 4443: 4436: 4418: 4417: 4413: 4403: 4401: 4395: 4394: 4390: 4373: 4344: 4338: 4337: 4326: 4317: 4313: 4303: 4301: 4292: 4284: 4283: 4279: 4272: 4257: 4256: 4252: 4244: 4240: 4231: 4224: 4215: 4213: 4204: 4203: 4199: 4190: 4186: 4179: 4175: 4167:, pp. 241–253, 4154: 4150: 4141: 4137: 4124: 4120: 4110: 4109: 4105: 4099: 4098: 4094: 4078: 4074: 4061: 4051: 4045: 4043: 4026: 4025: 4018: 4005:Wayback Machine 3996: 3992: 3982:Davis, Robert. 3981: 3977: 3968: 3966: 3958: 3957: 3953: 3944: 3942: 3934: 3933: 3929: 3903: 3901: 3897: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3868: 3867: 3863: 3856: 3852: 3845: 3830: 3829: 3825: 3818: 3803: 3802: 3798: 3791: 3776: 3775: 3771: 3759: 3758: 3754: 3747: 3733: 3732: 3728: 3721: 3707: 3706: 3702: 3691: 3687: 3682: 3678: 3667: 3648: 3647: 3643: 3632: 3613: 3612: 3608: 3601: 3588: 3587: 3583: 3572: 3568: 3558: 3556: 3549: 3542: 3541: 3537: 3527: 3525: 3511: 3510: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3454:Ólafur Egilsson 3404: 3373: 3357:People v. Moore 3348: 3331: 3325: 3260:in Britain and 3203: 3183: 3177: 3171: 3103: 3097: 3089:Main articles: 3087: 2993: 2973:Main articles: 2967: 2938: 2900: 2875: 2810: 2771: 2757: 2667: 2661: 2655: 2642: 2624: 2580: 2570: 2541:Southern Europe 2529: 2521:Main articles: 2519: 2481: 2465:Main articles: 2463: 2403:Barbary pirates 2343:European slaves 2289: 2281:Main articles: 2279: 2235: 2229: 2221:Main articles: 2219: 2217:Crimean Khanate 2170:Emirate of Bari 2073:Northern Europe 2023: 2011:Main articles: 2009: 2004: 1984:Clifford G. Roe 1967:Ottoman Algeria 1951: 1843:Islamic empires 1804: 1775: 1774: 1679:Slave narrative 1635:Fugitive slaves 1615: 1607: 1606: 1597: 1565:Slave rebellion 1420: 1410: 1409: 1368: 1358: 1357: 1180:United Kingdom 1116:Yankee princess 710: 702: 701: 429:Avret Pazarları 375:Avret Pazarları 244:Medieval Europe 210: 200: 199: 138:Forced marriage 113: 70: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5620: 5618: 5610: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5582:Sexual slavery 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5534: 5533: 5530: 5529: 5515: 5509: 5496: 5495: 5494: 5475: 5457: 5454: 5451: 5450: 5426: 5414: 5395:(3): 431–459. 5375: 5336: 5299:(5): 601–634. 5279: 5224: 5200: 5165:(3): 597–619. 5145: 5118:(2): 192–206. 5098: 5082: 5073: 5064: 5050: 5041: 5031: 5022: 5008: 4999: 4986: 4979: 4959: 4941: 4932: 4918: 4904: 4888: 4882: 4862: 4845: 4838: 4820: 4813: 4793: 4786: 4766: 4741: 4731:, SUNY Press, 4720: 4709: 4681: 4668: 4617: 4598:(4): 510–519. 4580: 4567: 4565:, sect. 4.2.1. 4554: 4537: 4530: 4504: 4472: 4465: 4441: 4434: 4411: 4388: 4351:(in Spanish). 4324: 4311: 4277: 4270: 4250: 4238: 4222: 4197: 4184: 4173: 4148: 4135: 4118: 4103: 4092: 4079:Robert Davis, 4072: 4016: 3990: 3975: 3951: 3927: 3916:(2): 189–210. 3895: 3881: 3861: 3850: 3843: 3823: 3816: 3796: 3789: 3769: 3752: 3745: 3726: 3719: 3700: 3685: 3676: 3665: 3641: 3630: 3606: 3599: 3581: 3566: 3535: 3500: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3464:Rumelia Eyalet 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3372: 3369: 3361:all-white jury 3347: 3344: 3327:Main article: 3324: 3321: 3211:Middle Eastern 3207:women enslaved 3202: 3199: 3173:Main article: 3170: 3167: 3086: 3083: 2969: 2968: 2966: 2965: 2958: 2951: 2943: 2940: 2939: 2937: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2910: 2907: 2906: 2902: 2901: 2899: 2898: 2893: 2887: 2884: 2883: 2877: 2876: 2874: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2852: 2851: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2834:Greek Orthodox 2826: 2820: 2817: 2816: 2812: 2811: 2809: 2808: 2803: 2798: 2792: 2789: 2788: 2784: 2783: 2777: 2776: 2768: 2767: 2756: 2753: 2679:Roman commerce 2671:Roman Republic 2657:Main article: 2654: 2651: 2623: 2620: 2569: 2566: 2562:Sexual slavery 2533:Ottoman Empire 2518: 2515: 2462: 2459: 2374:Ottoman Empire 2326:, and western 2305:Barbary states 2278: 2275: 2218: 2215: 2154:Bilad as-Sudan 2147:Eastern Europe 2118:Avar Khaganate 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1992:sexual slavery 1977:Turkish harems 1959:Barbary States 1955:Charles Sumner 1950: 1947: 1806: 1805: 1803: 1802: 1795: 1788: 1780: 1777: 1776: 1773: 1772: 1767: 1766: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1749: 1748: 1738: 1733: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1693: 1692: 1691: 1686: 1676: 1671: 1670: 1669: 1664: 1657:List of slaves 1654: 1653: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1609: 1608: 1605: 1604: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1561: 1560: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1539: 1538: 1528: 1523: 1522: 1521: 1516: 1506: 1505: 1504: 1499: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1478: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1421: 1416: 1415: 1412: 1411: 1408: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1391: 1390: 1385: 1375: 1369: 1364: 1363: 1360: 1359: 1356: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1254: 1253: 1249: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1201:Dutch Republic 1198: 1193: 1192: 1191: 1186: 1178: 1172: 1171: 1167: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1145: 1144: 1133: 1132: 1126: 1125: 1120: 1119: 1118: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1092: 1091: 1081: 1080: 1079: 1069: 1064: 1063: 1062: 1057: 1047: 1046: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1009: 1008: 1002: 1001: 996: 989: 988: 987: 982: 972: 967: 962: 961: 960: 950: 945: 944: 943: 938: 933: 928: 918: 913: 908: 907: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 851: 850: 849: 839: 838: 837: 826: 825: 819: 818: 813: 808: 803: 802: 801: 791: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 745: 744: 734: 729: 724: 718: 717: 711: 708: 707: 704: 703: 700: 699: 694: 689: 684: 679: 673: 672: 668: 667: 662: 660:Child soldiers 657: 652: 647: 642: 637: 636: 635: 625: 620: 615: 610: 609: 608: 603: 598: 587: 586: 582: 581: 576: 571: 569:Spanish Empire 566: 561: 556: 551: 549:Middle Passage 546: 541: 536: 531: 525: 524: 518: 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 486: 485: 480: 475: 470: 465: 456: 451: 446: 441: 436: 431: 426: 421: 411: 410: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 379: 378: 377: 370:Ottoman Empire 367: 362: 357: 352: 347: 342: 337: 331: 325: 324: 318: 317: 316: 315: 305: 300: 295: 294: 293: 288: 283: 273: 268: 263: 258: 253: 247: 246: 240: 239: 234: 229: 224: 218: 217: 211: 206: 205: 202: 201: 198: 197: 192: 190:Sexual slavery 187: 182: 177: 172: 167: 162: 157: 156: 155: 150: 148:Child marriage 145: 135: 130: 125: 123:Child soldiers 120: 114: 109: 108: 105: 104: 96: 95: 85: 84: 54:merchant from 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5619: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 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NYU Press. 5502: 5497: 5492: 5488: 5487: 5482: 5481: 5478: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5459: 5455: 5440: 5436: 5430: 5427: 5424: 5418: 5415: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5379: 5376: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5356:(1): 86–117. 5355: 5351: 5347: 5340: 5337: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5283: 5280: 5275: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5228: 5225: 5214: 5213:cite.case.law 5210: 5204: 5201: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5149: 5146: 5141: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5102: 5099: 5095: 5089: 5087: 5083: 5077: 5074: 5068: 5065: 5062: 5061: 5054: 5051: 5045: 5042: 5035: 5032: 5026: 5023: 5019: 5012: 5009: 5003: 5000: 4996: 4993:Linda Frost, 4990: 4987: 4982: 4980:0-8131-0888-8 4976: 4972: 4971: 4963: 4960: 4955: 4948: 4946: 4942: 4936: 4933: 4929: 4928: 4922: 4919: 4914: 4908: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4892: 4889: 4885: 4879: 4875: 4874: 4866: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4849: 4846: 4841: 4835: 4831: 4824: 4821: 4816: 4810: 4806: 4805: 4797: 4794: 4789: 4783: 4779: 4778: 4770: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4745: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4729:Islam in Iran 4724: 4721: 4717: 4712: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4693: 4685: 4682: 4678: 4672: 4669: 4664: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4621: 4618: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4592: 4584: 4581: 4577: 4571: 4568: 4564: 4558: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4541: 4538: 4533: 4527: 4523: 4518: 4517: 4508: 4505: 4493:. p. 120 4489: 4488: 4483: 4476: 4473: 4468: 4462: 4458: 4457: 4452: 4445: 4442: 4437: 4431: 4427: 4426: 4421: 4415: 4412: 4399: 4392: 4389: 4384: 4378: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4342: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4315: 4312: 4300: 4299: 4291: 4287: 4281: 4278: 4273: 4267: 4263: 4262: 4254: 4251: 4247: 4242: 4239: 4235: 4229: 4227: 4223: 4212:on 2009-09-11 4211: 4207: 4201: 4198: 4194: 4188: 4185: 4182: 4177: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4152: 4149: 4145: 4139: 4136: 4133:, 1 July 2003 4132: 4128: 4125:Rees Davies, 4122: 4119: 4114: 4107: 4104: 4096: 4093: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4076: 4073: 4068: 4056: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4023: 4021: 4017: 4014: 4010: 4009:Research News 4006: 4002: 3999: 3994: 3991: 3988: 3985: 3979: 3976: 3965: 3961: 3955: 3952: 3941: 3937: 3931: 3928: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3899: 3896: 3884: 3878: 3874: 3873: 3865: 3862: 3859: 3854: 3851: 3846: 3840: 3836: 3835: 3827: 3824: 3819: 3813: 3809: 3808: 3800: 3797: 3792: 3786: 3782: 3781: 3773: 3770: 3766:. p. 62. 3765: 3764: 3756: 3753: 3748: 3742: 3738: 3737: 3730: 3727: 3722: 3716: 3712: 3711: 3704: 3701: 3698: 3694: 3689: 3686: 3680: 3677: 3673: 3668: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3653: 3645: 3642: 3638: 3633: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3618: 3610: 3607: 3602: 3600:0-521-21280-4 3596: 3592: 3585: 3582: 3579: 3575: 3570: 3567: 3555: 3548: 3547: 3539: 3536: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3508: 3506: 3502: 3495: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3469:Seljuk Empire 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3406: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3395: 3394:The Spectator 3390: 3389:South America 3386: 3382: 3378: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3336: 3330: 3322: 3320: 3319:in May 1904. 3318: 3313: 3308: 3306: 3302: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3246: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3226: 3223: 3222:a slave trade 3219: 3215: 3212: 3208: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3182: 3176: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3139: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3123: 3118: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3102: 3096: 3092: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3079:Ajuran Empire 3076: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3042: 3038: 3036: 3035: 3030: 3029: 3023: 3019: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2964: 2959: 2957: 2952: 2950: 2945: 2944: 2942: 2941: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2911: 2909: 2908: 2903: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 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Coast 2306: 2301: 2293: 2288: 2284: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2234: 2228: 2224: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2191: 2185: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2114: 2110: 2109: 2104: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2069: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2055:Volkhov River 2052: 2048: 2040: 2039:Sergei Ivanov 2036: 2034: 2031:Trade in the 2027: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2007:Slavic slaves 2006: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1980: 1978: 1974: 1973: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1948: 1946: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1912: 1908: 1907: 1901: 1900:without pay. 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1811:White slavery 1801: 1796: 1794: 1789: 1787: 1782: 1781: 1779: 1778: 1771: 1768: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 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