107:
455:, and for other uses where a tough, lightweight wood that does not splinter easily is required. It is distinguished mainly by its growth form, very fast-growing with a single straight stem, and also by its slightly larger leaves (10–11 cm long, 1.5–2 cm wide) with a more blue-green colour. Its origin is unknown; it may be a hybrid between white willow and crack willow, but this is not confirmed.
82:
646:
249:
58:
334:
1390:
671:. After researching all the 'dispensaries and books on botany,' he found no suggestion of willow ever being used to treat fevers and decided to experiment with it himself. Over the next seven years he successfully used the dried powder of willow bark to cure 'agues and intermittent fevers' of around fifty people, although it worked better when combined with
317:, with male and female catkins on separate trees; the male catkins are 4–5 cm long, the female catkins 3–4 cm long at pollination, lengthening as the fruit matures. When mature in midsummer, the female catkins comprise numerous small (4 mm)
678:
Stone appears to have been largely ignored by the medical profession and herbalists alike. There are reports of two pharmacists using the remedy in trials, but there is no evidence that it worked. By the early 20th century,
659:(of unspecified species) has long been used by herbalists for various ailments, although it is a myth that they attribute to it any analgesic effect. One of the first references to White Willow specifically was by
477:
it every two to three years to stimulate the production of longer young shoots with better colour. Other similar cultivars include 'Britzensis', 'Cardinal', and 'Chermesina', selected for even brighter orange-red
473:(L.) Stokes) is a cultivar grown in gardens for its shoots, which are golden-yellow for one to two years before turning brown. It is particularly decorative in winter; the best effect is achieved by
301:
are paler than most other willows because they are covered with very fine, silky white hairs, in particular on the underside; they are 5–10 cm long and 0.5–1.5 cm wide. The
1503:
1309:
van
Casteren, A.; Sellers, W. I.; Thorpe, S. K. S. (23 November 2011). "Why don't branches snap? The mechanics of bending failure in three temperate angiosperm trees".
488:, synonym 'Tristis') is a weeping cultivar with yellow branches that become reddish-orange in winter. It is now rare in cultivation and has been largely replaced by
345:
is usually to be found in wet or poorly-drained soil at the edge of pools, lakes or rivers. Its wide-spreading roots take up moisture from a large surrounding area.
2168:
625:
wood has a low density and a lower transverse compressive strength. This allows the wood to bend, which is why it can be used to make baskets. Willow bark contains
2542:
2256:
1114:
2487:
663:, of Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire, England, in 1763. He 'accidentally' tasted the bark and found it had a bitter taste, which reminded him of Peruvian Bark (
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738:) is, however, a chemical that does not occur in nature and was originally synthesised from salicylic acid extracted from
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is grey-brown and is deeply fissured in older trees. The shoots in the typical species are grey-brown to green-brown. The
2390:
1982:
1959:
1813:
1013:
526:
633:
in place of commercially synthesized root stimulator. It is also used for ritual purposes by Jews on the holiday of
495:. It is, however, still the best choice in very cold parts of the world, such as Canada, the northern US, and Russia.
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growing up to 10–30 m tall, with a trunk up to 1 m diameter and an irregular, often-leaning crown. The
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1997:
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1987:
1210:"Letter by Fürstenwerth Regarding Article, "Aspirin: A Historical and Contemporary Therapeutic Overview""
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The wood is tough, strong, and light in weight, but has minimal resistance to decay. The stems (
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2005:
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1930:
1115:"Hippocrates and willow bark? What you know about the history of aspirin is probably wrong"
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is a chemical derivative of salicin and is widely used in medicine. Acetylsalicylic acid (
318:
144:
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White willows are fast-growing but relatively short-lived, being susceptible to several
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730:, an Italian chemist, who then succeeded in separating out the acid in its pure state.
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1964:
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Morader, H. L.; Prego, I. A.; Facciuto, G. R.; Maldonado, S. B. (November 2000).
383:. These diseases can be a serious problem on trees grown for timber or ornament.
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1340:"Tree root architecture: new insights from a comprehensive study on dikes"
1137:"An Account of the Success of the Bark of the Willow in the Cure of Agues"
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1974:
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283:. The name derives from the white tone to the undersides of the leaves.
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2018:
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687:. Instead, she describes using the bark and the powdered root for its
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1405:— information, genetic conservation units and related resources.
510:'Chrysocoma') is a hybrid between white willow and Peking willow
365:(named because of the characteristic 'watermark' staining in the
1596:
366:
322:
298:
290:
280:
1890:
1485:
30:"White Willow" redirects here. For the Norwegian band, see
1276:"Storage Behavior of Salix alba and Salix matsudana Seeds"
337:
Tree showing whitish foliage compared to surrounding trees
325:
embedded in silky white hairs, which aids wind dispersal.
1141:
865:
A Field Guide to the Trees of
Britain and Northern Europe
711:. She considered tannin to be the active constituent.
683:, an herbalist, did not consider White Willow to be a
65:
White Willow foliage; note white undersides of leaves
912:. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 85
1899:
1822:
1786:
1735:
1517:
37:"Golden Willow" redirects here. For the horse, see
722:, was isolated to its crystalline form in 1828 by
619:leather. The wood is used to make cricket bats.
816:Willows and Poplars of Great Britain and Ireland
783:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T203465A42409554.en
1435:. Berkeley, California: The Calflora Database.
695:qualities and recommended its use in treating
451:crop in Britain, mainly for the production of
1497:
8:
1407:European Forest Genetic Resources Programme
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836:
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832:
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247:
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56:
45:
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1225:
1102:. Kehot Publication Society. p. 332.
781:
750:
714:An active extract of the bark, called
309:in early spring and are pollinated by
1113:Martyr, Phillippa (18 October 2020).
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
607:made from the wood was important for
7:
2543:Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
2432:28a9c721-eae5-4eb2-91bc-cf53f792efcd
2285:d87e10c8-4ea3-4854-befa-a44b031aca01
2488:IUCN Red List least concern species
1338:Vennetier, Michel (February 2015).
1168:Aspirin: the story of a wonder drug
769:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
603:plants are used for basket-making.
416:and hybrids have been selected for
1423:University of California, Berkeley
742:, and is not connected to willow.
321:, each containing numerous minute
25:
1227:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.038133
2383:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:776974-1
1877:List of plants used in herbalism
1388:
525:The following have received the
408:Varieties, cultivars and hybrids
105:
1220:(12): e332, author reply e333.
447:Sm.) is grown as a specialist
1:
1078:"How to Make a Rooting Tonic"
1208:Fürstenwerth, Hauke (2011).
500:golden hybrid weeping willow
2548:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1166:Jeffreys, Diarmuid (2004).
844:Trees of Britain and Europe
726:, a French pharmacist, and
667:), which was used to treat
527:Royal Horticultural Society
2564:
1251:"The Mythology of Aspirin"
36:
29:
1873:
1512:Medicinal herbs and fungi
1367:10.1007/s11104-014-2272-9
1323:10.1007/s00468-011-0650-y
907:"AGM Plants - Ornamental"
615:was used in the past for
396:, the hybrid being named
386:It readily forms natural
255:
246:
229:
222:
102:Scientific classification
100:
78:
69:
64:
55:
48:
2538:Plants described in 1753
863:Mitchell, A. F. (1974).
286:It is a medium to large
279:and western and central
2528:Garden plants of Europe
2503:Flora of temperate Asia
818:. BSBI Handbook No. 4.
758:Lansdown, R.V. (2014).
718:, after the Latin name
377:, caused by the fungus
1835:Doctrine of signatures
1469:"Salix alba vitellina"
1293:10.1006/anbo.2000.1265
1153:10.1098/rstl.1763.0033
1135:Stone, Edward (1763).
842:Rushforth, K. (1999).
814:Meikle, R. D. (1984).
776:: e.T203465A42409554.
653:
611:manufacture. The bark
338:
2523:Garden plants of Asia
2498:Flora of North Africa
1455:"Salix alba caerulea"
1181:Grieve, Maud (1931).
1170:. London: Bloomsbury.
1147:. The Royal Society.
648:
627:indole-3-butyric acid
531:Award of Garden Merit
521:Award of Garden Merit
486:golden weeping willow
484:'Vitellina-Tristis' (
380:Marssonina salicicola
336:
39:Golden Willow (horse)
1830:Alternative medicine
1397:at Wikimedia Commons
1249:Propatier, Stephen.
1100:Shulchan Aruch Harav
1753:Echigoshirayukidake
1474:Plants for a Future
1460:Plants for a Future
1446:Plants for a Future
1359:2015PlSoi.387...81V
691:, antiperiodic and
491:Salix x sepulcralis
72:Conservation status
32:White Willow (band)
1809:Japanese herbology
1787:Regional practices
1022:'Erythroflexuosa'"
654:
433:cricket-bat willow
390:with crack willow
341:Like all willows,
339:
271:, is a species of
2475:
2474:
2306:Open Tree of Life
1893:Taxon identifiers
1884:
1883:
1804:Islamic herbology
1794:Chinese herbology
1662:Purple coneflower
1393:Media related to
1194:978-0-88029-921-3
569:'Erythroflexuosa'
362:Brenneria salicis
354:watermark disease
260:
259:
256:Distribution map
95:
16:(Redirected from
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2533:Ornamental trees
2518:Medicinal plants
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1823:Related subjects
1814:Korean herbology
1799:Indian herbology
1758:Lingzhi mushroom
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1421:photo database,
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1286:(5): 1017–1021.
1280:Annals of Botany
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1187:. Dorset Press.
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513:Salix babylonica
305:are produced in
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2508:Flora of Europe
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1268:Further reading
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1184:A Modern Herbal
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549:(silver willow)
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371:Erwinia salicis
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27:Species of tree
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2465:wfo-0000929085
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1773:Morel mushroom
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1748:Chaga mushroom
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1383:External links
1381:
1380:
1379:
1347:Plant and Soil
1335:
1317:(3): 789–797.
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936:'Golden Ness'"
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732:Salicylic acid
728:Raffaele Piria
642:
641:Medicinal uses
639:
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445:Salix caerulea
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393:Salix fragilis
356:caused by the
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1698:
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1685:
1683:
1682:Summer savory
1680:
1678:
1675:
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1668:
1665:
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1177:
1174:
1169:
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1128:
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1079:
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979:
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927:
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873:0-00-212035-6
870:
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852:0-00-220013-9
849:
845:
839:
837:
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833:
829:
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824:0-901158-07-0
821:
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797:
784:
779:
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582:
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541:
539:'Golden Ness'
538:
535:
534:
533:
532:
528:
520:
515:
514:
509:
505:
501:
497:
494:
492:
487:
483:
480:
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472:
468:
464:
463:golden willow
461:'Vitellina' (
460:
457:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
427:
426:
425:
423:
422:horticultural
419:
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407:
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395:
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389:
384:
382:
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376:
373:) and willow
372:
368:
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224:Binomial name
221:
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159:
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137:
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133:
132:Tracheophytes
130:
127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
108:
103:
99:
93:
88:
87:Least Concern
77:
73:
68:
63:
59:
54:
51:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
1900:
1875:
1717:White willow
1716:
1687:Tea tree oil
1637:Marsh-mallow
1545:Asthma-plant
1472:
1458:
1444:
1441:"Salix alba"
1432:
1429:"Salix alba"
1413:
1401:
1350:
1346:
1314:
1310:
1283:
1279:
1254:. Retrieved
1244:
1217:
1213:
1203:
1183:
1176:
1167:
1161:
1144:
1140:
1130:
1118:. Retrieved
1108:
1099:
1093:
1081:. Retrieved
1072:
1060:. Retrieved
1053:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1026:. Retrieved
1019:
1015:
1008:
996:. Retrieved
992:'Yelverton'"
989:
985:
978:
966:. Retrieved
959:
952:
940:. Retrieved
933:
926:
914:. Retrieved
901:
889:. Retrieved
885:"Salix alba"
879:
864:
859:
843:
815:
787:. Retrieved
773:
767:
761:
753:
724:Henri Leroux
719:
713:
677:
661:Edward Stone
655:
649:
623:S. alba
622:
621:
590:
580:
576:
572:
566:
562:
556:
552:
546:
542:
536:
524:
511:
507:
503:
499:
493:'Chrysocoma'
490:
485:
481:
470:
466:
462:
458:
453:cricket bats
444:
440:
436:
432:
431:'Caerulea' (
428:
411:
401:
397:
391:
385:
378:
370:
360:
352:, including
347:
342:
340:
285:
269:white willow
268:
263:
262:
261:
232:
230:
215:S. alba
214:
213:
201:
181:Malpighiales
164:
151:
138:
125:
49:
43:
18:White willow
2357:kew-5001521
2231:NatureServe
2133:iNaturalist
1925:Wikispecies
1840:Herb garden
1647:Opium poppy
1560:medical use
1214:Circulation
1098:"Ch. 647".
1062:17 February
1050:sepulcralis
1028:17 February
1020:sepulcralis
998:17 February
968:17 February
958:"Salix alba
942:17 February
891:17 February
740:Meadowsweet
681:Maud Grieve
577:sepulcralis
567:sepulcralis
559:'Yelverton'
508:sepulcralis
443:(Sm.) Sm.;
375:anthracnose
145:Angiosperms
2482:Categories
2439:WisFlora:
2352:Plant List
2334:Salix alba
2321:Salix_alba
2275:Salix~alba
2076:Salix alba
1995:Calflora:
1931:Salix alba
1901:Salix alba
1860:Homeopathy
1850:Herbal tea
1702:Umckaloabo
1677:Star anise
1657:Peppermint
1622:Lemon balm
1617:Goldenseal
1550:Astragalus
1414:Salix alba
1409:(EUFORGEN)
1402:Salix alba
1395:Salix alba
1256:12 January
1054:chrysocoma
986:Salix alba
934:Salix alba
916:11 October
867:. Collins
846:. Collins
762:Salix alba
746:References
703:, chronic
693:astringent
650:Salix alba
581:chrysocoma
553:Salix alba
543:Salix alba
537:Salix alba
482:Salix alba
467:Salix alba
459:Salix alba
437:Salix alba
429:Salix alba
343:Salix alba
275:native to
264:Salix alba
233:Salix alba
191:Salicaceae
50:Salix alba
2089:200005744
2063:200005744
1855:Herbalism
1627:Liquorice
1587:Fenugreek
1582:Chaparral
1577:Chamomile
1530:Aloe vera
1419:CalPhotos
1120:5 January
990:vitellina
709:dysentery
705:diarrhoea
697:dyspepsia
685:febrifuge
631:rootstock
609:gunpowder
601:pollarded
557:vitellina
475:coppicing
471:vitellina
414:cultivars
404:Schrank.
358:bacterium
315:dioecious
288:deciduous
209:Species:
115:Kingdom:
2427:VicFlora
2416:VASCAN:
2409:28300135
2404:Tropicos
2318:PalDat:
2270:NSWFlora
2236:2.152740
2174:10216255
2161:776974-1
1972:BioLib:
1910:Wikidata
1778:Shiitake
1707:Valerian
1697:Turmeric
1667:Rosemary
1632:Marigold
1597:Flaxseed
1592:Feverfew
1572:Cardamom
1555:Cannabis
1540:Borututu
1433:Calflora
1375:15729821
1331:17867624
1302:42770865
1236:21931098
789:11 April
665:Cinchona
652:tincture
605:Charcoal
597:coppiced
441:caerulea
418:forestry
412:Several
350:diseases
319:capsules
313:. It is
187:Family:
158:Eudicots
92:IUCN 3.1
2218:MoBotPF
2112:5372513
2019:Ecocrop
1916:Q156918
1768:Meshima
1763:Maitake
1727:Za'atar
1712:Verbena
1652:Oregano
1612:Ginseng
1567:Caraway
1525:Alfalfa
1417:in the
1355:Bibcode
962:serica"
736:aspirin
716:salicin
673:quinine
669:malaria
617:tanning
595:) from
593:withies
478:shoots.
465:; syn.
435:; syn.
388:hybrids
369:; syn.
329:Ecology
311:insects
307:catkins
303:flowers
197:Genus:
177:Order:
119:Plantae
90: (
2365:PLANTS
2311:164209
2282:NZOR:
2223:286791
2200:203465
2187:565478
2099:SALALB
2096:FoIO:
2050:182638
1988:121690
1952:153334
1949:APDB:
1845:Herbal
1722:Yarrow
1607:Ginkgo
1602:Ginger
1373:
1329:
1300:
1234:
1191:
1083:23 Aug
871:
850:
822:
657:Willow
635:Sukkot
613:tannin
547:serica
504:Salix
449:timber
402:rubens
398:Salix
299:leaves
277:Europe
273:willow
267:, the
171:Rosids
2493:Salix
2449:WoI:
2396:97712
2370:SAAL2
2341:PFI:
2262:75704
2169:IRMNG
2148:11587
2145:IPA:
2138:54841
2125:32674
2071:FoAO2
2045:EUNIS
2037:SAXAL
2024:16538
2011:6XCGV
1975:38920
1965:59687
1939:APA:
1736:Fungi
1692:Thyme
1535:Anise
1518:Herbs
1371:S2CID
1343:(PDF)
1327:S2CID
1311:Trees
1298:JSTOR
1058:. RHS
1052:var.
1046:Salix
1024:. RHS
1016:Salix
994:. RHS
988:var.
964:. RHS
960:var.
938:. RHS
910:(PDF)
887:. RHS
720:Salix
701:worms
689:tonic
579:var.
573:Salix
563:Salix
555:var.
545:var.
469:var.
439:var.
424:use:
323:seeds
202:Salix
165:Clade
152:Clade
139:Clade
126:Clade
2452:1292
2442:4941
2419:9066
2378:POWO
2329:PfaF
2298:7389
2257:NCBI
2210:2618
2195:IUCN
2182:ITIS
2156:IPNI
2120:GRIN
2107:GBIF
2032:EPPO
1998:7260
1983:BOLD
1960:APNI
1942:5474
1672:Sage
1642:Neem
1258:2022
1232:PMID
1189:ISBN
1122:2022
1085:2015
1064:2021
1030:2021
1000:2021
970:2021
944:2021
918:2018
893:2021
869:ISBN
848:ISBN
820:ISBN
791:2024
774:2014
707:and
599:and
587:Uses
498:The
420:and
367:wood
295:bark
291:tree
281:Asia
2460:WFO
2391:RHS
2344:186
2244:NBN
2084:FoC
2058:FNA
2006:CoL
1363:doi
1351:387
1319:doi
1288:doi
1222:doi
1218:124
1149:doi
778:doi
529:'s
2484::
2462::
2429::
2406::
2393::
2380::
2367::
2354::
2331::
2308::
2295::
2272::
2259::
2246::
2233::
2220::
2197::
2184::
2171::
2158::
2135::
2122::
2109::
2086::
2073::
2060::
2047::
2034::
2021::
2008::
1985::
1962::
1927::
1912::
1471:.
1457:.
1443:.
1431:.
1369:.
1361:.
1349:.
1345:.
1325:.
1315:26
1313:.
1296:.
1284:86
1282:.
1278:.
1230:.
1216:.
1212:.
1145:53
1143:.
1139:.
1048:×
1018:×
831:^
799:^
772:.
766:.
699:,
675:.
637:.
575:×
565:×
240:L.
167::
154::
141::
128::
1505:e
1498:t
1491:v
1477:.
1463:.
1449:.
1377:.
1365::
1357::
1333:.
1321::
1304:.
1290::
1260:.
1238:.
1224::
1197:.
1155:.
1151::
1124:.
1087:.
1066:.
1056:"
1044:"
1032:.
1014:"
1002:.
984:"
972:.
946:.
932:"
920:.
895:.
854:.
826:.
793:.
780::
764:"
760:"
516:.
506:×
502:(
400:×
94:)
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
