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Whitehead's initial torpedo experiments were conducted with the help of his 12-year-old son, John, and a workman, Annibale Ploech. They discarded Luppis' concept of shore launch and control for an unguided weapon launched from a ship on a straight line at the target which became known as the
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was adapted for launching torpedoes at the
Schiavon shipyard in Fiume. The ship was equipped with a launching barrel, which was Whitehead's invention. More than 50 launch trials were performed in front of the factory, in Fiume harbour bay.
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By 1870, Whitehead had managed to increase the torpedo's speed to 7 knots (13 km/h) and it could hit a target 700 yards (640 m) away. The torpedo was driven by a small reciprocating engine run by compressed air.
474:). Luppis' device was a low-profile surface boat, propelled by compressed air, and controlled by ropes from the land. Whitehead and Luppis formed a partnership to perfect the torpedo as an effective weapon.
508:, the first self-propelled (locomotive) torpedo, officially presented to the Austrian Imperial Naval commission on 21 December 1866. The commission was impressed and the Austrian gunboat
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953:. Captain von Trapp remarried after her death and became famous as the patriarch of the von Trapp Family Singers who were portrayed in the semi-fictional stage play and
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Cavaliere (Knight) John
Whitehead (1854–1902) married Countess Agathe Gobertina von Breunner (1856–1945), Austro-Hungarian nobility, and had issue:
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was severely damaged by a shell hit that detonated one of her internally mounted bow torpedoes while it lay armed in its above-water tube. The
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Whitehead fiercely guarded his trade secrets; employees were often sworn to secrecy about the guidance mechanisms employed in his torpedoes.
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In 1915, the
Whitehead company established one of its largest enterprises, the Hungarian Submarine Building Corporation (German:
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Most of the world's major navies took note of the development of this device by the late 1880s. Even the extremely reduced post-
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was put out of action in port by multiple torpedo hits over the course of two nights by several
Japanese torpedo boats.
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970:(1858–1928), diplomat, who married on 15 April 1896 the Hon. Marian Cecilia Brodrick, youngest daughter of the
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The Naval Policy of
Austria-Hungary, 1867–1918: Navalism, Industrial Development, and the Politics of Dualism
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The Naval Policy of
Austria-Hungary, 1867–1918: Navalism, Industrial Development, and the Politics of Dualism
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Three naval actions during the late nineteenth century changed the world navies' perception of the torpedo:
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Gyroscopic stabilisation to fix the torpedo's direction. In 1898, Whitehead purchased the newly invented
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Robert
Whitehead (right) and his son (left) with a battered test torpedo in Fiume, Austria-Hungary c.1875
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in Norway, and later sank. Whitehead's invention of the torpedo was a key development in naval history.
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When
Whitehead retired, the Whitehead family sold the company to two large British armaments companies,
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The Naval War in the
Mediterranean: 1914–1918 Routledge Library Editions: Military and Naval History
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Whitehead married
Frances Maria Johnson (1821–1883), daughter of James Johnson and Ann Boville
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A self-regulating device that kept the torpedo at a constant preset depth. This consisted of a
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was torpedoed and sunk at night while moored in a roadstead by the Brazilian torpedo gunboat
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In 1890 Whitehead opened a UK manufacturing and test site in Portland Harbour, Dorset.
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was the heiress of her grandfather's fortune. She had seven children with her husband
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Alice Whitehead, who married Georg Anton, Count of Hoyos (1842–1904), and had issue.
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John William St John Whitehead (1901–1984), stockbroker and pre-WWII amateur aviator
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The risks of torpedoes to the ships that carried them were shown, however, at the
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Submarines: An Illustrated History of Their Impact Weapons and warfare series
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in 1940, the German invasion of Denmark and Norway, the German heavy cruiser
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The first vessel sunk by self-propelled torpedoes was the Turkish steamer
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Though the product was promising, the torpedo did not produce profits for
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with a 14-inch (360 mm) Whitehead torpedo at a range of 100 yards.
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The Devil's Device: Robert Whitehead and the History of the Torpedo
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830:. The torpedo in the foreground commemorates his relative, Robert.
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Ironclads in action;: A sketch of naval warfare from 1855 to 1895
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Robert Boville Whitehead (1877–1945), who married and had issue
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Hugh Laurence James Whitehead (d. 27 December 1945 in London).
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983:(1905–1971), who became Prime Minister of Southern Rhodesia
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type diesel-electric submarines were produced in Rijeka.
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Whitehead's work in Trieste was noticed by the owners of
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Frances Eleanor Whitehead (d. 1900) who married Admiral
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Whitehead was a devout Christian and a supporter of the
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was involved in torpedo development; and established a
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Whitehead added two important features to the torpedo:
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His first professional employment was at a shipyard in
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30:For other people named Robert Whitehead, see
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1056:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
524:, later married Whitehead's daughter Alice.
876:is home to the Whitehead Family Mausoleum.
452:In the early 1860s, Whitehead met engineer
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
974:, and had issue seven children including:
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1351:Shipbuilding companies of Austria-Hungary
768:, in July 1898, when the Spanish cruiser
193:Learn how and when to remove this message
128:Learn how and when to remove this message
1171:. Purdue University Press. p. 303.
1144:. Purdue University Press. p. 287.
814:, West Sussex, England, pictured in 2013
416:, a metal foundry in the nearby city of
170:of all important aspects of the article.
91:This article includes a list of general
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849:. In the early 1880s, he gave £1000 to
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981:Sir Edgar Cuthbert Fremantle Whitehead
542:hydrostatic valve and pendulum balance
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166:Please consider expanding the lead to
1222:, James Nisbett: London, 1909, p. 136
1050:Brown, David K. "Whitehead, Robert".
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840:Explosion Museum of Naval Firepower
573:Torpedo-Fabrik von Robert Whitehead
338:Developed the first self-propelled
1088:Graces Guide to Industrial History
97:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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879:The Torpedo Research Vessel RMAS
810:The grave of Robert Whitehead at
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32:Robert Whitehead (disambiguation)
372:Mechanics' Institute, Manchester
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599:Ungarische Unterseebootsbau AG
168:provide an accessible overview
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1220:My Life among the Bluejackets
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430:Stabilimento Tecnico di Fiume
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866:Parish Church of St Nicholas
838:Bust of Robert Whitehead at
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1308:US Naval Undersea Museum
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1336:1905 deaths
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1265:Gray, Edwyn
707:During the
679:, in 1870.
553:Ludwig Obry
506:Minenschiff
275:Citizenship
267:Nationality
110:introducing
1325:Categories
1072:required.)
1014:References
904:Shrivenham
883:(built by
617:SM U-XXIII
463:Salvacoste
362:Early life
283:Occupation
259:Shrivenham
232:1823-01-03
93:references
57:improve it
932:of today.
881:Whitehead
855:Devonport
733:Aquidaban
666:Civil War
613:SM U-XXII
549:gyroscope
405:coast of
401:, on the
160:summarize
118:June 2015
63:talk page
1111:(2015).
1002:See also
924:married
802:Heritage
757:Dingyuan
719:frigate
658:Dingyuan
644:Frigate
609:SM U-XXI
468:Croatian
403:Adriatic
335:Projects
299:Children
286:Engineer
1246:19 June
1093:10 July
791:Blücher
784:During
771:Vizcaya
684:Intibah
605:SM U-XX
583:Vickers
458:Italian
426:Croatia
420:(today
407:Austria
399:Trieste
356:torpedo
340:torpedo
278:England
270:English
106:improve
1275:
1202:
1175:
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1121:
1066:
885:Scotts
874:Rijeka
422:Rijeka
385:, for
383:France
379:Toulon
368:Bolton
291:Spouse
240:Bolton
95:, but
1237:(PDF)
955:movie
922:Hoyos
778:Texas
518:'
515:Gemse
510:Gemse
418:Fiume
395:Italy
391:Milan
1273:ISBN
1248:2022
1200:ISBN
1173:ISBN
1146:ISBN
1119:ISBN
1095:2017
828:Bury
776:USS
615:and
585:and
314:Sir
248:Died
226:Born
1058:doi
826:in
675:in
466:) (
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