Whooping crane - Knowledge

941:, by a cooperative effort led by the U.S. and Canadian Whooping Crane Recovery Team in 1993. A total of 289 captive-bred birds provided by the International Crane Foundation were released in the wild between 1993 and 2004. Though in 2003 the population had produced the first chick conceived in the wild to reintroduced cranes, a decision was made in 2005 to release no further birds into the population until problems with high mortality and poor reproductive success were resolved. Studies of the population were discontinued in 2012. The population numbered about 50 adults and 4 chicks in October 2006 but subsequently dwindled to just 14 cranes in March 2018. The Fish and Wildlife Service proposed a plan to relocate the surviving Kissimmee crane population to join the newer Louisiana reintroduced non-migratory flock, and due to the lack of available mates, two Florida birds were moved to Louisiana in February 2019, including the mother of the first wild-born chick. As of 2020, there were just 9 birds remaining in the Florida population, with another relocated to Louisiana in 2021. 1029:

began to form pairs and nest, producing the population's first eggs, although since the parents were still juveniles these eggs were infertile. The next year saw fertile eggs but none survived to hatching. However, in April 2016 a pair of reintroduced cranes hatched two chicks, one of which survived to fledge, represented the first in the wild in Louisiana since 1939. Starting in 2017, a novel strategy was introduced: eggs in the process of hatching, taken from captive birds, were swapped into Louisiana nests in place of infertile eggs, allowing the chicks to be raised by substitute crane parents in the wild. In 2018, a combination of naturally-laid and substituted eggs added five wild-raised juveniles to the population, which all survived to fledge. As of August 2018, 125 birds had been released, with at least 65 surviving, while in 2020 following further releases, relocations from Florida, and several wild fledgings, there were 76 birds in this population.

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2006, she and her mate were the first eastern captive raised and released pair to successfully raise a chick to adulthood in the wild. This was a particular blow to that population because whooping cranes do not yet have an established successful breeding situation in the East. On March 30, 2011, Wade Bennett, 18, of Cayuga, Indiana and an unnamed juvenile pleaded guilty to killing First Mom. After killing the crane, the juvenile had posed holding up her body. Bennett and the juvenile were sentenced to a $ 1 fine, probation, and court fees of about $ 500, a penalty which was denounced by various conservation organizations as being too light. The prosecuting attorney has estimated that the cost of raising and introducing to the wild one whooping crane could be as much as $ 100,000. Overall, the International Crane Foundation estimates that the nearly 20% of deaths among the reintroduced cranes in the Eastern Migratory Population are due to shootings.

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appeals court eventually granted a stay in the order during the appeals process. The Guadalupe-Blanco and San Antonio river authorities joined TCEQ in the lawsuit, warning that restricting the use of their waters would have serious effects on the cities of New Braunfels and San Marcos as well as major industrial users along the coast. To address the potential of future crowding that may result from the increasing migratory population, in 2012 and following years, purchases of small plots of land and acquisition of conservation easements covering larger areas has led to the protection of tens of thousands of additional acres of potential coastal habitat near the Aransas reserve. A large purchase of over 17,000 acres in 2014 was paid for with $ 35 million made available from the settlement over the

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anywhere from 1.24 to 1.6 m (4 ft 1 in to 5 ft 3 in) in height. Wingspan, at least typically, is from 2 to 2.3 m (6 ft 7 in to 7 ft 7 in). Widely reported averages put males at a mean mass of 7.3 kg (16 lb), while females weigh 6.2 kg (14 lb) on average (Erickson, 1976). However, one small sample of unsexed whooping cranes weighed 5.82 kg (12.8 lb) on average. Typical weights of adults seem to be between 4.5 and 8.5 kg (9.9 and 18.7 lb). The body length, from the tip of the bill to the end of the tail, averages about 132 cm (4 ft 4 in). The standard linear measurements of the whooping cranes are a wing chord length of 53–63 cm (21–25 in), an exposed

978:, working with the larger Whooping Crane Eastern Partnership (WCEP), which oversees all aspects of the reintroduced Eastern Migratory Population. Subsequent to hatching, the Operation Migration cranes were taught to follow the ultralight, fledged over their future breeding territory in Wisconsin, and led by the aircraft on their first migration from Wisconsin to Florida. Having learned the migratory route, they then returned north on their own the following spring. With the growth of this reintroduced population, WCEP also began releasing captive-reared juvenile cranes directly into the flock to learn migratory behavior from their peers, in a process referred to as Direct Autumn Release (DAR). 562: 811:

bred. At the same time, the wild population was not thriving. In spite of the efforts of conservationists, hunting bans and educational programs, the aging wild population would gain only 10 birds in the first 25 years of monitoring, with entire years passing without a single new juvenile joining those that returned to the Texas wintering grounds. This led to a renewed tension between those who favored efforts to preserve the wild population and others seeing a captive breeding program as the only hope for whooping crane survival, even though it must depend on individuals withdrawn from the extremely-vulnerable wild population.

802:, which gave the Conservation movement some opportunity to update the public on their efforts to save the whooping crane from extinction. His initial efforts focused on public education, particularly among farmers and hunters. Beginning in 1961, the Whooping Crane Conservation Association (WCCA), was established to improve the status of the whooping cranes. This non-profit organization functioned largely by influencing federal, state and provincial political decisions and educating the general public about the critical status of the bird. The whooping crane was declared endangered in 1967. 302:), it is one of only two crane species native to North America, and it is also the tallest North American bird species. The whooping crane's lifespan is estimated to be 22-24 years in the wild. After being pushed to the brink of extinction, due to unregulated hunting and loss of habitat, and just 21 wild (and two captive) cranes remaining by 1941, conservation efforts would lead to a partial recovery. The total number of cranes in the surviving migratory population, plus three reintroduced flocks and in-captivity, only slightly exceeds 800 birds as of 2020. 785:. Even with hunting bans, illegal hunting has continued in spite of potential substantial financial penalties and possible prison time. The population went from an estimated 10,000+ birds before the settling of Europeans on the continent to 1,300-1,400 birds by 1870. By 1938 there were just 15 adults in a single migratory flock, plus about thirteen additional birds living in a non-migratory population in Louisiana, but the latter were scattered by a 1940 hurricane that killed half of them, while the survivors never again reproduced in the wild. 1038:

imprisonment and a $ 2500 fine after pleading guilty to a killing in November 2014, and a Texas man was fined $ 25,000 for a January 2016 shooting and barred from possessing firearms during a 5-year probation period, on subsequent violation of which he was given an 11-month custodial sentence. On the other hand, a Louisiana man cited for a July 2018 shooting received probation, community service and hunting and fishing restrictions but no fine or firearms restriction. Two Louisiana juveniles were cited in 2018 for a May 2016 incident.

872:. Their flock of 75 birds was moved in 2018 to join captive breeding programs at zoos or private foundations, including the Calgary Zoo, the International Crane Foundation, the Audubon Species Survival Center in Louisiana, and other sites in Florida, Nebraska, Oklahoma and Texas. This relocation is expected to negatively impact the reproductive success of the captive cranes, at least in the short term, and concerns were raised over its impact on the reintroduction efforts for which the Patuxent program had been providing birds. 403: 765:

breeding grounds in Canada over five years. It delivered interesting results, i.e. that besides a certain fraction of stable pairs with strong affinity to their territories, there is a big fraction of cranes who change partners and territories. Only one of the exciting results was to identify the "Lobstick" male when he still had his band; he later lost his band and was recognized by frequency analysis of his voice and then was confirmed to be over 26 years old and still productive.

640: 1023:. In March 2011, 10 cranes were released, but all but three had been lost by the time a second group of 16 were released in December. Subsequent annual cohorts followed, ranging in size from 10 to 27 birds. In 2019, the population began receiving birds relocated from the failed Florida reintroduction effort with the arrival of a 21-year old reintroduced female and her wild-born 4-year-old daughter, followed by the transfer of a juvenile female in 2021. 115: 753: 946: 456: 42: 5314: 241: 73: 5338: 774: 815:

single chick, and both chicks would almost never survive to fledge. It was concluded that the removal of a single egg from a two-egg clutch should still leave a single hatchling most likely to survive, while providing an individual for captive breeding. Such removals in alternating years showed no decline in the reproductive success of the wild cranes. The withdrawn eggs were transferred to the

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incubation period is 29–31 days. Both parents brood the young, although the female is more likely to directly tend to the young. Usually no more than one young bird survives in a season. The parents often feed the young for 6–8 months after birth and the terminus of the offspring-parent relationship occurs after about 1 year.

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his 2003 death be the sire, grandsire or great-grandsire of 186 captive-bred whooping cranes. In 2017, the decision was made for the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center to end its 51-year effort to breed and train whooping cranes for release, due to changing priorities and in the face of budget cuts by the

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This reintroduction began in fall 2001 and added birds to the population in subsequent years. Two whooping crane chicks were hatched in the wild from one nest in 2006, to parents that had been part of the first ultralight-led release in 2002, and one of these survived to successfully migrate with her

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count in early 2017 estimated that 505 whooping cranes, including 49 juveniles, had arrived at Aransas National Wildlife Refuge that season. As of 2020, there were an estimated 677 birds living in the wild, in the remnant original migratory population as well as three reintroduced populations, while

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A major hurdle with some of these reintroduced populations has been deaths to illegal hunting. Over a period of two years, five of the approximately 100 whooping cranes in the Eastern Migratory Population were illegally shot and killed. One of the dead cranes was the female known as "First Mom". In

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has killed many captive-raised whooping cranes in Florida and Texas. In Florida, bobcats have caused the great majority of natural mortalities among whooping cranes, including several ambushed adults and the first chick documented to be born in the wild in 60 years. Adult cranes can usually deter or

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On average, the whooping crane is the fifth-largest extant species of crane in the world. Whooping cranes are the tallest bird native to North America and are anywhere from the third to the fifth heaviest species on the continent, depending on which figures are used. The species can reportedly stand

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due to a regulation prohibiting paid pilots of ultralight aircraft. After a month with the cranes kept in a pen, the FAA finally granted a one-time exemption to allow completion of the migration. In January 2016, citing the near-total failure of the hand-raised and guided birds to reproduce in the

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conditions, a federal court ordered TCEQ to develop a habitat protection plan for the crane and to cease issuing permits for waters from the San Antonio and Guadalupe rivers. A judge amended the ruling to allow TCEQ to continue issuing permits necessary to protect the public's health and safety. An

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Identification of the location of the summer breeding grounds of the whooping cranes at Wood Buffalo National Park in 1954 allowed more detailed study of their reproductive habits in the wild, and led to the observation that while many breeding pairs laid two eggs, rearing efforts seemed to favor a

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when aware of a predator's presence, but the captive-raised cranes haven't learned to roost in deep water, which makes them vulnerable to ambush. As they are less experienced, juvenile cranes may be notably more vulnerable to ambushes by bobcats. Patuxent Wildlife Research Center scientists believe

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The first project, carried out by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the Canadian Wildlife Service and initiated in 1975, involved cross-fostering second eggs from the wild population in the nests of sandhill cranes to establish a second self-sustaining flock using a flyway from Idaho

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would give rise to a robust multi-institutional captive breeding program that would supply the cranes used in several additional captive breeding and reintroduction programs. A single male crane, 'Canus', rescued in 1964 as an injured wild chick and taken to Patuxent in 1966, would by the time of

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in 1967 to Crip and his new mate, the wild-captured 'Rosie', to get her to lay a fertile egg through artificial insemination. Archibald pioneered several techniques to rear cranes in captivity, including the use of crane costumes by human handlers. Archibald spent three years with Tex, acting as a

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Illegal shootings have accounted for an even larger proportion of mortality among the birds introduced into the Louisiana population, with about 10% of the first 147 released cranes being shot and killed. Two juveniles were apprehended for a 2011 incident, a Louisiana man was sentenced to 45 days

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Concerns have been raised over the effects of climate change on the migratory cycle of the surviving wild population. The cranes arrive on their nesting grounds in April and May to breed and begin their nesting. When young whooping cranes are ready to leave the nest, they depart in September and

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Their calls are loud and can carry several kilometers. They express "guard calls", apparently to warn their partner about any potential danger. A crane pair jointly calls rhythmically ("unison call") after waking in the early morning, after courtship, and when defending their territory. The first

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The flock has established a range centered on southwestern Louisiana but also including central and northeastern Louisiana and east Texas, with an occasional stray found more broadly. None of the first released group survived to full maturity, but in the Spring of 2014 the second cohort of birds

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and the Aransas refuge. Josephine and Crip produced the first whooping crane born in captivity in 1950, but this chick only lived four days, and though decades of further efforts produced more than 50 eggs before Josephine's death in 1965, only four chicks survived to adulthood and none of them

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By recording guard and unison calls followed by frequency analysis of the recording, a "voiceprint" of the individual crane (and of pairs) can be generated and compared over time. This technique was developed by B. Wessling and applied in the wintering refuge in Aransas and also partially in the

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An adult whooping crane is white with a red crown and a long, dark, pointed bill. However, immature whooping cranes are cinnamon brown. While in flight, their long necks are kept straight and their long dark legs trail behind. Adult whooping cranes' black wing tips are visible during flight.

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Whooping cranes nest on the ground, usually on a raised area in a marsh. The female lays 1 or 2 eggs, usually in late-April to mid-May. The blotchy, olive-coloured eggs average 2½ inches in breadth and 4 inches in length (60 by 100 mm), and weigh about 6.7 ounces (190 g). The

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with the sad end of the story – the death of Tex shortly after the hatching of her one and only chick, named 'Gee Whiz'. Gee Whiz was successfully raised and mated with female whooping cranes. The techniques pioneered at Patuxent, the International Crane Foundation and a program at the

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In earlier years, whooping crane chicks were caught and banded in the breeding areas of Wood Buffalo National Park. Although this delivered valuable insight into individual life history and behaviour, it has been discontinued due to risks to the cranes and the people involved.

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Allen had begun an effort at captive breeding with a female crane named 'Josephine', the sole survivor of the Louisiana population, injured and taken into captivity in 1940, and two successive injured birds from the migratory population, 'Pete' and 'Crip', at the

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wild, the Fish and Wildlife Service made a decision to discontinue the ultralight program in favor of alternatives with reduced human interaction. In June 2018, the size of this population was estimated at 102 birds. This number had dropped to 86 birds in 2020.

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by failing to ensure adequate water supplies for the birds' range. The group attributes the deaths of nearly two dozen whooping cranes in the winter of 2008 and 2009 to inadequate flows from the San Antonio and Guadalupe rivers. In March 2013 during continuing

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McNulty, Faith, The Wildlife Stories of Faith McNulty, Chap. 6 "The Whooping Crane" (pages 121–309), Doubleday 1980 (Chap. 6 was originally published as a book of the same title by E.P. Dutton in 1966). Much of her account deals with the work of

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in Central Texas in the 2011/2012 winter season. Drought conditions in 2011 exposed much of the lake bed, creating ample feeding grounds for these cranes just as they were taking their autumn migration through Texas.

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on their sandhill foster parents. The project was discontinued in 1989, and no members of this population survived. The initiation of this effort and the problem of imprinting are explored in the 1976 documentary

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Nutritional Value of Winter Foods for Whooping Cranes Jay T. Nelson, R. Douglas Slack and George F. Gee The Wilson Bulletin Vol. 108, No. 4 (Dec., 1996), pp. 728-739 (12 pages) Published By: Wilson Ornithological

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approaches, would give impetus to the first, unsuccessful attempt at reintroduction, by swapping whooping crane eggs into the nests of the more numerous sandhill cranes as a way to establish a backup population.

5830: 435:. All three other birds are at least 30% smaller than the whooping crane. Herons and storks are also quite different in structure from the crane. Larger individuals (especially males of the larger races) of 2168:

Draft Environmental Assessment: A Proposal to Translocate Whooping Cranes from a Discontinued Non-Essential Experimental Population (BEP) in Central Florida to an Ongoing NEP in Southwestern Louisiana

3426:"Statement in response to questions pertaining to the prosecution and conviction of those individuals involved in the death of a whooping crane on December 1, 2009" "Vermilion Country Government" 725:) are a significant food source for whooping cranes wintering at Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, constituting up to 90 percent of their energy intake in two winters; 1992–93 and 1993–94. 499:, United States, and these have subsequently expanded their summer range in Wisconsin and surrounding states, while reintroduced experimental non-migratory populations have nested in 1632:

Parents separate from their young of the previous year at the beginning of spring migration, while in route to the breeding grounds, or soon after arrival on the breeding grounds.

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The wild cranes winter in marshy areas along the Gulf Coast in and surrounding the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge. An environmental group, The Aransas Project, has sued the

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across Utah to New Mexico. The 289 transplanted eggs resulted in 85 chicks that learned to migrate, but the whooping cranes failed to mate with other whooping cranes due to

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Due to the vulnerability and low reproductive success of the Florida non-migratory population, a new effort was made to establish a non-migratory population in Louisiana's

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Whooping cranes are believed to have been naturally rare, and major population declines caused by habitat destruction and overhunting led them to them become critically

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A third attempt has involved reintroducing the whooping crane to a new flyway established east of the Mississippi river, with its southern end just west of the

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In 1976, with the wild population numbering only 60 birds and having increased at an average of only one bird per year over the past decades, ornithologist

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counted 266 birds at Wood Buffalo National Park, with 73 mating pairs that produced 80 chicks, 39 of which completed the fall migration, while a

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Dance, Scott (12 October 2018). "End of an era: 50-year-old whooping crane breeding program coming to a close at Maryland's Patuxent refuge".

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177 birds were at the time held in captivity at 17 institutions in Canada and the United States, putting the total population at over 800.

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Red River Chloride Control Project, Supplement I to the FEIS: Environmental Impact Statement, United States. Army. Corps of Engineers,1995

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Putnam, Michael & Partida, Ruth & Gomez, Suix & Lacy, Anne. (2008). The Whooping Crane in Mexico: Past, Present, and Future?.

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Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis

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have killed some young whooping cranes and fledglings. Due to their large size, adult birds in the wild have few predators. However,

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as North America but this has been restricted to the Hudson Bay. The whooping crane is now one of eight species placed in the genus

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Metzger, Kristine L.; Lehnen, Sarah E.; Sesnie, Steven E.; Butler, Matthew J.; Pearse, Aaron T.; Harris, Grant (2020-10-01).

1020: 985: 840: 5969: 3660: 3429: 3378:"Citizen Tip Leads to Closure of Whooping Crane Shooting in Indiana" "U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service News", 18 April 2011 2659: 1721: 248:

Distribution map of the whooping crane. blue: breeding, orange: wintering, green: year-round, grey: experimental year-round

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can overlap in size with adult whooping cranes but are obviously distinct at once for their gray rather than white color.

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that this is due to an overpopulation of bobcats caused by the absence or decrease in larger predators (the endangered

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male crane – walking, calling, dancing – to shift her into reproductive condition. As Archibald recounted the tale on

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At one time, the range for the whooping crane extended throughout midwestern North America as well as southward to

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in Oklahoma is a major migratory stopover for the crane population, hosting over 75% of the species annually.

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These birds forage while walking in shallow water or in fields, sometimes probing with their bills. They are

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had described and illustrated the crane using a preserved specimen that had been brought to London from the

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Young whooping cranes destined for the Eastern Migratory Population of reintroduced birds completing their

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Breeds whooping cranes for reintroduction projects and is a research center for all of the world's cranes.

2032: 950: 892: 6114: 6042: 5930: 5799: 5381: 4043: 2581:"Are whooping cranes destined for extinction? Climate change imperils recruitment and population growth" 484: 338: 209: 2932: 2751: 1096: 3509:"The Beaumont Man Who Killed Two Whooping Cranes Fined And Barred From Owning Firearms For Five Years" 538:, and portions of the Lamar Peninsula and Welder Point, which is on the east side of San Antonio Bay. 402: 6073: 5866: 5773: 5755: 4671: 2671: 2592: 1949:. Zoo Biology: Published in affiliation with the American Zoo and Aquarium Association, 25(1), 11–24. 1576: 1488: 1008: 1530: 487:, Canada, and the surrounding area had become the last remnant of the former nesting habitat of the 5894: 5735: 5442: 4201: 4093: 4033: 3978: 3758: 3628: 1947:

Behavioral profiles of the captive juvenile whooping crane as an indicator of post‐release survival

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In 1957, the whooping crane was featured on a U.S. postage stamp supporting wildlife conservation.

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parents to Florida. In early February, 2007, 17 yearlings in a group of 18 were killed by the

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Several attempts have been made to establish other breeding populations outside of captivity.

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unison call ever recorded in the wild was taken in the whooping cranes' wintering area of the

416: 3607: 2412: 2187: 1399: 6034: 5638: 5504: 5409: 5374: 4976: 4118: 3790: 2608: 2600: 1733: 1584: 1238:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 142. 1091: 963: 854: 639: 531: 428: 5786: 3536:"Local man convicted of killing whooping cranes headed to prison after violating probation" 1903: 6016: 5917: 5401: 5208: 5036: 4506: 4028: 4013: 3951: 3850: 3778: 3433: 2818: 2728: 2654: 2419: 2124: 1289: 1258:(in English and French). Vol. 1. London: W. Innys and R. Manby. p. 75, Plate 75. 962:. This project used isolation rearing of young whooping cranes and trained them to follow 959: 848: 624: 527: 523: 324: 3200:(Report). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2020. pp. 4, 10–11, 15–19. 1073: 3636: 2596: 2392:

Report on Whooping Crane Recovery Activities: 2019 breeding season-2020 spring migration

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of 26–31 cm (10–12 in). The only other very large, long-legged white birds in

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Kreger, M. D., Hatfield, J. S., Estevez, I., Gee, G. F., & Clugston, D. A. (2006).

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In December 2011, the Operation Migration escort of nine cranes was interrupted by the

824: 515: 436: 295: 3583: 3297:"Five new whooping crane chicks a major boost for reintroduction of once-native birds" 2274: 1997:"Craneworld - Resumés: 7.3 Resumé 2003: Acoustic individual monitoring over six years" 455: 41: 6103: 5977: 5568: 5256: 5240: 5163: 5155: 4989: 4787: 4637: 4524: 4482: 4282: 4274: 4196: 4160: 4078: 4002: 3513: 1317: 1229: 1082: 859: 420: 412: 315: 291: 226: 82: 3494:"Gueydan Man Pleaded Guilty for Illegal Shooting of Whooping Crane in Federal Court" 1745: 1293: 1273: 1253: 875:

Meanwhile, the wild crane population began a steady increase, such that in 2007 the

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but tend to be more inclined to animal material than most other cranes. Only the

6086: 5990: 5938: 5835: 5729: 5533: 5147: 4994: 4800: 4779: 4768: 4733: 4600: 4590: 4548: 4439: 4306: 4108: 3933: 3928: 3860: 3845: 3813: 864: 807: 594: 566: 424: 361: 50: 2710:"Current Whooping Crane Flock Status". Whooping Crane Conservation Association. 1298:. Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 152. 953:, from Wisconsin to Florida, in January 2009, following an ultralight aircraft. 344:. Linnaeus based his account on those by two English naturalists. In 1729–1732 6081: 5628: 5405: 5264: 5126: 5065: 5044: 4876: 4860: 4795: 4740: 4712: 4644: 4609: 4487: 4335: 4170: 4145: 3903: 3496:(Press release). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 11 July 2017. 2226: 2117:"Endangered whooping crane shot and killed" "Animal Planet", 14 December 2009 1589: 1564: 937:

A second effort involved the establishment of a non-migratory population near

664: 598: 432: 387: 357: 284: 166: 17: 5720: 2636:"Whooping Cranes On a Lost Path". US Fish & Wildlife Service. 2011-02-22. 1598: 5433: 5224: 5179: 4968: 4761: 4678: 4662: 4651: 4561: 4497: 4456: 4155: 3956: 3943: 3923: 3823: 2840:"Micanopy whooping crane part of effort to boost crane numbers in Louisiana" 2696: 582: 578: 504: 496: 383: 126: 3559:"Two cited for shooting endangered whooping cranes, obstruction of justice" 3415:"What Price Do We Put on an Endangered Bird?" "Smithsonian", 26 April 2011 3354:"One in Five Whooping Cranes Dies from Gunfire: Some are Trying to Stop It" 2995:(Report). Whooping Crane Eastern Partnership. December 2010. Archived from 2622: 2579:

Butler, Matthew J.; Metzger, Kristine L.; Harris, Grant M. (1 April 2017).

2150: 1118: 3493: 3391:""Operation Migration Field Journal, entry All for a Buck", 29 April 2011" 3155: 3141: 3127: 3113: 827:. Initial challenges getting the resultant birds to reproduce, even using 6021: 5714: 5192: 4922: 4897: 4843: 4754: 4726: 4616: 4580: 4572: 4554: 4449: 4434: 4418: 4165: 4128: 3961: 3680: 3357: 3156:

Eleven Juvenile Whooping Cranes Released into the Marsh at White Lake WCA

2484:"Easement Program Enhances and Restores Whooping crane Wintering Habitat" 820: 700: 652: 628: 146: 3144:(Report). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. December 2014. 3142:

14 Juvenile Whooping Cranes Added to Louisiana's Experimental Population

3116:(Report). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. December 2012. 2979:"Flock Status – 2011 May « Whooping Crane Conservation Association" 2903:"Rare Cranes Led on Migration Killed in Florida Storms, Only 1 Survives" 1795: 5907: 5858: 5768: 5102: 4955: 4834: 4719: 4685: 4623: 4444: 4298: 4290: 3983: 3855: 3840: 3830: 3158:(Report). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. January 2016. 3130:(Report). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. January 2014. 897: 716: 668: 590: 500: 480: 54: 3743: 3447:"A Whooping Crane's Killer Got Off Easy, Frustrating Conservationists" 2800:"Current Whooping Crane Flock Status". International Crane Foundation. 2604: 2296:"A 50-year effort to raise endangered whooping cranes comes to an end" 2253:"Man courts whooping crane for three years to save it from extinction" 5543: 5232: 5171: 4947: 4939: 4868: 4808: 4692: 4630: 4513: 4180: 4175: 4053: 3019:"Whooping cranes are cleared for takeoff after getting FAA exemption" 1737: 737: 696: 619: 614: 586: 468: 464: 136: 5691: 3699:. International Crane Foundation, Baraboo, Wisconsin. Archived from 2888: 2486:. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service: Texas. Archived from 974:. The ultralight flights were managed by a non-profit organization, 5848: 3090:"Hope remains despite deadly year for whooping cranes in Louisiana" 2750:, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, archived from 908:

and an additional $ 15 million raised by a Texas parks non-profit.

847:, began working with 'Tex', a female whooping crane hatched at the 6055: 5943: 5843: 5118: 4905: 4468: 1372:

Collar, J., Del Hoyo, J., Elliot, A., & Saragatal, J. (1996).

944: 772: 751: 733: 729: 712: 708: 680: 660: 638: 560: 548:

As many as nine whooping cranes were observed at various times on

519: 472: 454: 401: 329: 99: 93: 5871: 2777:"Whooping cranes didn't so well in Florida. Next stop: Louisiana" 2422:

Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts. Retrieved February 10, 2014

526:

on the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge and along Sunset Lake in

5094: 4461: 4424: 4394: 3808: 3774: 1523:"Craneworld - Kraniche in Bild und Ton: Schreikraniche im Duett" 796:, appeared as a guest challenger on the network television show 741: 704: 692: 688: 684: 672: 156: 5695: 5370: 4258: 3747: 2993:

Whooping Crane Eastern Partnership December 2010 Project Update

1255:

The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands

1015:, the Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at 719:. Six studies from 1946 to 2005 have reported that blue crabs ( 659:

may have a more carnivorous diet among living cranes. In their

350:

The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands

5216: 4073: 3835: 3246:"It's a chick! Louisiana's 1st wild whooping crane since 1939" 3044:"Feds to end ultralight aircraft-led whooping crane migration" 2205:"Tex, the whooping crane who needed a little encouragement..." 1792:"USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Whooping Crane Report" 1067: 1065: 1063: 676: 2434:"Texas Ordered to Supply Water to Endangered Whooping Cranes" 2229:. YouTube - International Crane Foundation. 28 October 2010. 1720:

Wright, Greg D.; Harner, Mary J.; Chambers, James D. (2014).

1510:

A chorus of cranes: the cranes of North America and the world

1374:

Handbook of the birds of the World. Volume 3. Hoatzin to auks

1565:"Identifying sustainable winter habitat for whooping cranes" 966:, a method of re-establishing migration routes pioneered by 748:

Individual recognition, territorial and partnership fidelity

3128:

Fourth Cohort of Whooping Cranes Released at White Lake WCA

2699:. Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, State of Louisiana. 2063:. 12 January 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-01-15 3469:"Two whooping cranes found dead in Jefferson Davis Parish" 3171:"Louisiana milestone: wild-hatched whooping crane turns 1" 3114:

Third Cohort of Whooping Cranes Released at White Lake WCA

1318:"Finfoots, flufftails, rails, trumpeters, cranes, Limpkin" 573:

Their many potential nest and brood predators include the

3234:(Report). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 3217:(Report). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2867:. Whooping Crane Conservation Association. Archived from 2531:"Whoopers expand territory along Mission River and delta" 1483: 1481: 1479: 348:

had described and illustrated the whooping crane in his

3740:

Western Migatory Population, Whooping Crane Information

2865:"Florida Whooping Crane Non-Migratory Flock (Synopsis)" 2511:. Whooping Crane Conservation Association. Spring 2012 2153:. National Film Board/Office national du film, Canada. 1960:

The cranes: status survey and conservation action plan

1208:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 683:. Potential foods of breeding birds in summer include 5669: 2509:"Critical Whooping Crane Wintering Grounds Purchased" 2408: 2406: 2404: 2277:. Whooping Crane Conservation Association. 2013-02-25 2173:(Report). U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. June 2017. 613:

have taken a few whooping cranes in Florida, and the

3732:

International Crane Foundation's Whooping Crane page

3324:"Ville Platte Man Cited for Shooting Whooping Crane" 1786: 1784: 1782: 378:

that was introduced in 1760 by the French zoologist

5704: 5557: 5502: 5479: 5470: 5430: 5421: 5191: 5146: 5085: 5056: 5027: 5006: 4967: 4930: 4921: 4888: 4851: 4842: 4833: 4778: 4702: 4661: 4599: 4571: 4547: 4523: 4496: 4417: 4404: 4365: 4334: 4273: 4189: 4092: 3992: 3942: 3869: 3799: 2556:"Texas Buys Conservation Land With Oil Spill Money" 1867:"Bobcat's A Suspect After 4 Whooping Cranes Killed" 3643:. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 2933:"Single Whooping Crane survives Florida tornadoes" 1929:"Bobcats Thin Flock Of Endangered Whooping Cranes" 1760:"Whooping Crane - - Birds of North America Online" 1489:"Whooping Crane - - Birds of North America Online" 1097:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22692156A181242855.en 415:length of 11.7–16 cm (4.6–6.3 in) and a 328:. He placed it with the herons and cranes in the 2697:"FAQ: Whooping Crane Reintroduction in Louisiana" 2413:Texas Water Report: Going Deeper for the Solution 2360:"Whooping Crane Survey Results: Winter 2017–2018" 1471:The myology of the whooping crane, Grus americana 891:(TCEQ), maintaining that the agency violated the 663:wintering grounds, this species feeds on various 294:, named for its “whooping” calls. Along with the 3584:Natural History article by Paul Johnsgard (1982) 2775:Behrendt, Barbara; Pittman, Craig (2018-03-08). 2097:"Endangered whooping crane shot to death in Ala" 2080:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 1698:. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Archived from 618:avoid attacks by medium-sized predators such as 3347: 3345: 1958:Meine, C., & Archibald, G. (Eds.). (1996). 1696:"Species Status and Fact Sheet: WHOOPING CRANE" 1473:. Illinois biological monographs; v. 24, no. 2. 643:A whooping crane foraging on a cattle ranch in 3275:Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries 1904:"Coyote: How does a whooping crane handle it?" 1842:"WCEP: Second Whooping Crane Killed by Bobcat" 1013:Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries 5382: 3759: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2132: 8: 2162: 2160: 1469:Fisher, H. I., & Goodman, D. C. (1955). 1345: 1343: 1341: 1339: 2833: 2831: 2458:"Texas acquires land for endangered cranes" 2338:"Whooping cranes sighted in record numbers" 2182: 2180: 5692: 5476: 5427: 5389: 5375: 5367: 4927: 4848: 4839: 4830: 4568: 4414: 4401: 4362: 4358: 4331: 4270: 4266: 4255: 4251: 3766: 3752: 3744: 2981:. Whooping Crane Conservation Association. 2770: 2768: 912:follow the migratory trail through Texas. 858:in 1982, he stunned the audience and host 239: 71: 40: 31: 3683:. Whooping Crane Conservation Association 3326:. KATC.com. 2 August 2018. Archived from 3195:2019-2020 Louisiana Whooping Crane Report 2956:. Operation Migration Inc. Archived from 2612: 1923: 1921: 1588: 1385:Soothill, E., & Soothill, R. (1982). 1095: 889:Texas Commission on Environmental Quality 3724:images and movies of the Whooping Crane 3445:Wallington, Natalie (16 December 2019). 3318: 3316: 2691: 2689: 2275:"CANUS – 186 whooping crane descendants" 27:Species of large bird from North America 5676: 1886:"Whooping crane flock loses 2nd member" 1817:"WCEP: Whooping Crane Killed by Bobcat" 1673:. National Park Service. Archived from 1059: 881:United States Fish and Wildlife Service 2814: 2803: 2724: 2713: 2650: 2639: 2073: 2057:"Endangered whooping cranes shot dead" 1368: 1366: 1364: 1142: 1140: 1138: 514:Breeding populations winter along the 3614:. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department 3068:"Eastern Migratory Population Update" 2390:Harrell, Wade; Bidwell, Mark (2020). 1622:. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department 1402:. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department 1324:. International Ornithologists' Union 1005:White Lake Wetlands Conservation Area 7: 5325: 3229:2014 Louisiana Whooping Crane Report 3212:2013 Louisiana Whooping Crane Report 3017:Royce-Bartlett, Lindy (2012-01-10). 2935:. BirdLife International. 2007-06-02 1671:"NPS NNL description of Salt Plains" 1206:: The Rise of Ecological Restoration 756:Head of a whooping crane in Florida. 543:Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge 5349: 3169:The Associated Press (2017-04-11). 3042:Tribune wire reports (2016-01-24). 2901:Walker, Cameron (5 February 2007). 2188:Whooping Crane Master Plan for 2007 1275:A Natural History of Uncommon Birds 1083:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 5658:15 living species in four genera ( 1906:. Aransas National Wildlife Refuge 1420:Dunning, John B. Jr., ed. (2008). 382:. The species is considered to be 314:in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist 25: 4227:Late Quaternary prehistoric birds 3088:Tresaugue, Matthew (2012-01-09). 3070:. Operation Migration. 2018-06-06 1726:The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 1613:"Whooping Crane - Grus americana" 1422:CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses 1400:"Whooping Crane (Grus americana)" 1148:"Whooping Crane (Grus americana)" 817:Patuxent Wildlife Research Center 459:Whooping cranes breed in marshes. 6110:IUCN Red List endangered species 5679: 5348: 5336: 5324: 5313: 5312: 5203:(New World vultures and condors) 3661:"Whooping Crane: On a Lost Path" 3295:Couvillion, Ellyn (2018-08-20). 2674:. International Crane Foundation 2365:. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1322:IOC World Bird List Version 14.1 1295:Check-List of Birds of the World 1181:U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 493:Necedah National Wildlife Refuge 467:. By the mid-20th century, the 445:Aransas National Wildlife Refuge 113: 3645:Rocky Mountain Research Station 2233:from the original on 2021-12-21 1650:Fire Effects Information System 1569:Journal for Nature Conservation 1512:. University Press of Colorado. 1072:BirdLife International (2020). 995:Federal Aviation Administration 3252:. Associated Press. 2016-04-13 2432:Campoy, Ana (March 12, 2013). 1021:International Crane Foundation 986:2007 Central Florida tornadoes 841:International Crane Foundation 679:), small reptiles and aquatic 1: 5931:whooping-crane-grus-americana 3681:"Whooping Crane Flock Status" 3557:Myers, Ben (April 10, 2018). 3271:"LW1-17 Hatches Successfully" 1553:. Downloaded on 04 March 2021 3352:Main, Douglas (2016-08-05). 2838:Cindy Swirko (May 5, 2019). 2554:Satija, Neena (2014-08-21). 2255:. Tree Hugger. June 30, 2015 2149:McKennirey, Michael (1976). 1356:. Indiana University Press. 792:, an ornithologist with the 360:area of northeast Canada by 6145:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 5267:(woodpeckers and relatives) 3507:Smith, Sonya (2016-10-26). 2907:National Geographic Society 2824:Archived on Wayback Machine 2734:Archived at Wayback Machine 2660:Archived at Wayback Machine 2535:Corpus Christi Caller-Times 2529:Sikes, David (2016-12-08). 2336:Unrau, Jason (2007-12-17). 1424:(2nd ed.). CRC Press. 489:Whooping Crane Summer Range 6161: 6125:Birds of the United States 5129:(cormorants and relatives) 4222:Extinct species since 1500 3647:, Fire Sciences Laboratory 1620:Texas Parks & Wildlife 970:and Joe Duff working with 477:Wood Buffalo National Park 5656: 5308: 5259:(kingfishers and rollers) 5113:(albatrosses and petrels) 4997:(swifts and hummingbirds) 4979:(nightjars and relatives) 4829: 4803:(pheasants and relatives) 4361: 4330: 4269: 4265: 4254: 4250: 3786: 2747:Florida's Whooping Cranes 1884:Long, Jeff (2001-12-20). 1590:10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125892 1387:Wading birds of the world 1201:Martin, Laura J. (2022). 1090:: e.T22692156A181242855. 877:Canadian Wildlife Service 368:. Linnaeus specified the 259: 252: 247: 238: 215: 208: 110:Scientific classification 108: 91: 69: 60: 48: 39: 34: 5158:(seriemas and relatives) 5137:(pelicans and relatives) 3635:Tesky, Julie L. (1993). 1316:, eds. (December 2023). 794:National Audubon Society 451:Distribution and habitat 406:Whooping crane in flight 380:Mathurin Jacques Brisson 6135:Birds described in 1758 5251:(hornbills and hoopoes) 5166:(falcons and relatives) 2193:(Report). January 2007. 829:artificial insemination 687:, small rodents, small 645:Osceola County, Florida 310:The whooping crane was 6140:ESA endangered species 6130:Birds of North America 5235:(trogons and quetzals) 5047:(cranes and relatives) 4317:(emus and cassowaries) 4207:Glossary of bird terms 4019:Confuciusornithiformes 954: 893:Endangered Species Act 778: 757: 648: 570: 522:, United States, near 460: 447:during December 1999. 407: 6043:Paleobiology Database 5076:(kagu and sunbittern) 5039:(gulls and relatives) 4044:Songlingornithiformes 4009:Omnivoropterygiformes 3667:on September 28, 2006 2585:Ecology and Evolution 1764:bna.birds.cornell.edu 1652:. USDA Forest Service 1644:Tesky, Julie (1993). 1493:bna.birds.cornell.edu 948: 776: 755: 642: 564: 485:Northwest Territories 458: 405: 364:, an employee of the 4898:Phoenicopteriformes 2891:Operation Migration. 2302:. September 18, 2017 2151:"A Great White Bird" 1119:"Appendices | CITES" 1009:US Geological Survey 870:Trump administration 839:, co-founder of the 788:In the early 1960s, 769:Conservation efforts 431:in Florida; and the 366:Hudson's Bay Company 5601:or Eurasian crane ( 5443:Black crowned crane 4869:Mesitornithiformes 4863:(doves and pigeons) 4197:Families and orders 4059:Ichthyornithiformes 4034:Patagopterygiformes 3629:Robert Porter Allen 3601:Cranes of the World 2913:on February 7, 2007 2597:2017EcoEv...7.2821B 2438:Wall Street Journal 1933:orlandosentinel.com 1871:orlandosentinel.com 1581:2020JNatC..5725892M 1354:Cranes of the World 976:Operation Migration 964:ultralight aircraft 837:George W. Archibald 790:Robert Porter Allen 722:Callinectes sapidus 627:and the extirpated 611:American alligators 575:American black bear 300:Antigone canadensis 290:species, native to 265:Linnaeus, 1758 63:Conservation status 5619:Black-necked crane 5453:Grey crowned crane 5211:(eagles and hawks) 5111:Procellariiformes 5016:Opisthocomiformes 4985:Steatornithiformes 4212:List by population 4049:Hongshanornithidae 3974:Evolution of birds 3738:Environment Canada 3432:2011-04-29 at the 3048:chicagotribune.com 2418:2014-02-22 at the 2227:"George & Tex" 2207:UPI. June 24, 1982 2123:2012-03-30 at the 1389:. Blandford Press. 1312:; Donsker, David; 955: 939:Kissimmee, Florida 932:A Great White Bird 845:Baraboo, Wisconsin 779: 758: 649: 571: 461: 408: 312:formally described 6097: 6096: 6030:Open Tree of Life 5698:Taxon identifiers 5667: 5666: 5652: 5651: 5579:Red-crowned crane 5524:White-naped crane 5466: 5465: 5364: 5363: 5304: 5303: 5300: 5299: 5296: 5295: 5292: 5291: 5288: 5287: 5284: 5283: 5280: 5279: 5276: 5275: 5097:(loons or divers) 5066:Phaethontiformes 5058:Phaethontimorphae 5008:Opisthocomiformes 4977:Caprimulgiformes 4917: 4916: 4906:Podicipediformes 4825: 4824: 4821: 4820: 4817: 4816: 4543: 4542: 4326: 4325: 4283:Struthioniformes 4151:Waterfowl hunting 4084:Gastornithiformes 4079:Aepyornithiformes 4069:Lithornithiformes 3475:. 11 October 2011 2813:Missing or empty 2723:Missing or empty 2649:Missing or empty 2605:10.1002/ece3.2892 2560:The Texas Tribune 2482:Stephens, Garry. 2462:Victoria Advocate 2323:The Baltimore Sun 2001:www.craneworld.de 1527:www.craneworld.de 1431:978-1-4200-6444-5 1314:Rasmussen, Pamela 1290:Peters, James Lee 1215:978-0-674-97942-0 1173:"Whooping Crane, 904:Deepwater Horizon 799:To Tell The Truth 657:red-crowned crane 271: 270: 201:G. americana 103: 86: 16:(Redirected from 6152: 6090: 6089: 6077: 6076: 6064: 6063: 6051: 6050: 6038: 6037: 6025: 6024: 6012: 6011: 5999: 5998: 5986: 5985: 5973: 5972: 5960: 5959: 5947: 5946: 5934: 5933: 5921: 5920: 5911: 5910: 5898: 5897: 5888: 5887: 5875: 5874: 5862: 5861: 5852: 5851: 5839: 5838: 5826: 5825: 5813: 5812: 5803: 5802: 5790: 5789: 5777: 5776: 5774:B87D744DCD48ECC9 5764: 5763: 5751: 5750: 5740: 5739: 5738: 5725: 5724: 5723: 5693: 5684: 5683: 5682: 5675: 5639:Demoiselle crane 5477: 5473:(typical cranes) 5428: 5424:(crowned cranes) 5391: 5384: 5377: 5368: 5352: 5351: 5340: 5328: 5327: 5316: 5315: 5268: 5260: 5252: 5244: 5241:Leptosomiformes 5236: 5228: 5220: 5212: 5209:Accipitriformes 5204: 5183: 5182:(perching birds) 5175: 5167: 5159: 5138: 5130: 5122: 5114: 5106: 5103:Sphenisciformes 5098: 5077: 5069: 5048: 5040: 5037:Charadriiformes 5019: 4998: 4980: 4959: 4951: 4948:Musophagiformes 4943: 4928: 4909: 4901: 4880: 4872: 4864: 4849: 4840: 4831: 4804: 4791: 4569: 4565: 4558: 4471: 4464: 4428: 4415: 4411: 4402: 4398: 4363: 4359: 4332: 4318: 4310: 4302: 4294: 4286: 4271: 4267: 4256: 4252: 4119:Bird collections 4074:Dinornithiformes 3979:Darwin's finches 3969:Origin of flight 3909:Seabird breeding 3899:Sexual selection 3768: 3761: 3754: 3745: 3726:(Grus americana) 3712: 3710: 3708: 3697:"Whooping Crane" 3692: 3690: 3688: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3656: 3654: 3652: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3608:"Whooping Crane( 3589:Whooping Crane ( 3571: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3554: 3548: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3532: 3526: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3504: 3498: 3497: 3490: 3484: 3483: 3481: 3480: 3465: 3459: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3442: 3436: 3424: 3418: 3413: 3407: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3397:on 16 March 2009 3393:. 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Archived from 2898: 2892: 2886: 2880: 2879: 2877: 2876: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2844:Daily Commercial 2835: 2826: 2822: 2816: 2811: 2809: 2801: 2797: 2791: 2790: 2788: 2787: 2772: 2763: 2762: 2761: 2759: 2742: 2736: 2732: 2726: 2721: 2719: 2711: 2707: 2701: 2700: 2693: 2684: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2672:"Whooping Crane" 2668: 2662: 2658: 2652: 2647: 2645: 2637: 2633: 2627: 2626: 2616: 2591:(8): 2821–2834. 2576: 2570: 2569: 2567: 2566: 2551: 2545: 2544: 2542: 2541: 2526: 2520: 2519: 2517: 2516: 2505: 2499: 2498: 2496: 2495: 2479: 2473: 2472: 2470: 2469: 2454: 2448: 2447: 2445: 2444: 2429: 2423: 2410: 2399: 2398: 2396: 2387: 2374: 2373: 2371: 2370: 2364: 2356: 2350: 2349: 2344:. Archived from 2333: 2327: 2326: 2318: 2312: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2292: 2286: 2285: 2283: 2282: 2271: 2265: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2249: 2243: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2223: 2217: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2201: 2195: 2194: 2192: 2184: 2175: 2174: 2172: 2164: 2155: 2154: 2146: 2127: 2115: 2109: 2108: 2103:. Archived from 2092: 2086: 2085: 2079: 2071: 2069: 2068: 2053: 2047: 2046: 2044: 2043: 2037: 2031:. Archived from 2030: 2022: 2016: 2015: 2013: 2012: 2003:. Archived from 1993: 1987: 1983: 1977: 1976: 1969: 1963: 1956: 1950: 1943: 1937: 1936: 1925: 1916: 1915: 1913: 1911: 1900: 1894: 1893: 1881: 1875: 1874: 1863: 1857: 1856: 1854: 1853: 1844:. Archived from 1838: 1832: 1831: 1829: 1828: 1819:. Archived from 1813: 1807: 1806: 1804: 1803: 1794:. Archived from 1788: 1777: 1774: 1768: 1767: 1756: 1750: 1749: 1738:10.1676/13-071.1 1717: 1711: 1710: 1708: 1707: 1692: 1686: 1685: 1683: 1682: 1667: 1661: 1660: 1658: 1657: 1646:"Grus americana" 1641: 1635: 1634: 1629: 1627: 1617: 1609: 1603: 1602: 1592: 1560: 1554: 1548: 1542: 1541: 1539: 1538: 1529:. Archived from 1519: 1513: 1506:Johnsgard, P. A. 1503: 1497: 1496: 1485: 1474: 1467: 1461: 1460: 1458: 1457: 1448:. Archived from 1446:"Whooping Crane" 1442: 1436: 1435: 1417: 1411: 1410: 1408: 1407: 1396: 1390: 1383: 1377: 1376:. Lynx Edicions. 1370: 1359: 1350:Johnsgard, P. A. 1347: 1334: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1306: 1300: 1299: 1286: 1280: 1279: 1266: 1260: 1259: 1246: 1240: 1239: 1226: 1220: 1219: 1198: 1192: 1191: 1189: 1187: 1169: 1163: 1162: 1160: 1158: 1144: 1133: 1132: 1130: 1129: 1115: 1109: 1108: 1106: 1104: 1099: 1069: 855:The Tonight Show 532:Matagorda Island 429:great blue heron 390:are recognised. 266: 243: 221: 118: 117: 97: 80: 75: 74: 44: 32: 21: 6160: 6159: 6155: 6154: 6153: 6151: 6150: 6149: 6120:Birds of Canada 6100: 6099: 6098: 6093: 6085: 6080: 6072: 6067: 6059: 6054: 6046: 6041: 6033: 6028: 6020: 6017:Observation.org 6015: 6007: 6002: 5994: 5989: 5981: 5976: 5968: 5963: 5955: 5950: 5942: 5937: 5929: 5924: 5916: 5914: 5906: 5901: 5893: 5891: 5883: 5878: 5870: 5865: 5857: 5855: 5847: 5842: 5834: 5829: 5821: 5816: 5808: 5806: 5798: 5793: 5785: 5780: 5772: 5767: 5759: 5754: 5748: 5743: 5734: 5733: 5728: 5719: 5718: 5713: 5700: 5690: 5680: 5678: 5670: 5668: 5663: 5660:List of species 5648: 5553: 5498: 5493:L. leucogeranus 5472: 5462: 5431: 5423: 5417: 5395: 5365: 5360: 5272: 5266: 5258: 5250: 5249:Bucerotiformes 5243:(cuckoo-roller) 5242: 5234: 5226: 5218: 5210: 5202: 5201:Cathartiformes 5187: 5181: 5173: 5172:Psittaciformes 5165: 5157: 5142: 5136: 5135:Pelecaniformes 5128: 5120: 5112: 5104: 5096: 5081: 5075: 5074:Eurypygiformes 5067: 5052: 5046: 5038: 5023: 5017: 5002: 4996: 4978: 4963: 4957: 4949: 4941: 4913: 4907: 4899: 4884: 4878: 4877:Pterocliformes 4870: 4862: 4813: 4802: 4789: 4774: 4698: 4657: 4595: 4560: 4559: 4552: 4551: 4539: 4519: 4492: 4469: 4462: 4422: 4421: 4409: 4408: 4392: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4353: 4351: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4322: 4316: 4315:Casuariiformes 4308: 4307:Apterygiformes 4300: 4292: 4284: 4261: 4246: 4217:Lists by region 4185: 4095: 4088: 4029:Chaoyangiformes 4014:Jeholornithidae 3988: 3952:Origin of birds 3938: 3919:Brood parasites 3865: 3795: 3782: 3772: 3719: 3706: 3704: 3695: 3686: 3684: 3679: 3670: 3668: 3659: 3650: 3648: 3634: 3617: 3615: 3606: 3580: 3578:Further reading 3575: 3574: 3564: 3562: 3556: 3555: 3551: 3541: 3539: 3534: 3533: 3529: 3519: 3517: 3506: 3505: 3501: 3492: 3491: 3487: 3478: 3476: 3467: 3466: 3462: 3452: 3450: 3444: 3443: 3439: 3434:Wayback Machine 3425: 3421: 3414: 3410: 3400: 3398: 3389: 3388: 3384: 3377: 3373: 3363: 3361: 3351: 3350: 3343: 3333: 3331: 3322: 3321: 3314: 3305: 3303: 3294: 3293: 3289: 3279: 3277: 3269: 3268: 3264: 3255: 3253: 3244: 3243: 3239: 3231: 3227: 3226: 3222: 3214: 3210: 3209: 3205: 3197: 3193: 3192: 3188: 3179: 3177: 3168: 3167: 3163: 3154: 3153: 3149: 3140: 3139: 3135: 3126: 3125: 3121: 3112: 3111: 3107: 3098: 3096: 3087: 3086: 3082: 3073: 3071: 3066: 3065: 3061: 3052: 3050: 3041: 3040: 3036: 3027: 3025: 3016: 3015: 3011: 3002: 3000: 2991: 2990: 2986: 2977: 2976: 2972: 2963: 2961: 2954:"Field Journal" 2952: 2951: 2947: 2938: 2936: 2931: 2930: 2926: 2916: 2914: 2900: 2899: 2895: 2889:Crane Migration 2887: 2883: 2874: 2872: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2848: 2846: 2837: 2836: 2829: 2812: 2802: 2799: 2798: 2794: 2785: 2783: 2781:Tampa Bay Times 2774: 2773: 2766: 2757: 2755: 2744: 2743: 2739: 2722: 2712: 2709: 2708: 2704: 2695: 2694: 2687: 2677: 2675: 2670: 2669: 2665: 2648: 2638: 2635: 2634: 2630: 2578: 2577: 2573: 2564: 2562: 2553: 2552: 2548: 2539: 2537: 2528: 2527: 2523: 2514: 2512: 2507: 2506: 2502: 2493: 2491: 2481: 2480: 2476: 2467: 2465: 2456: 2455: 2451: 2442: 2440: 2431: 2430: 2426: 2420:Wayback Machine 2411: 2402: 2394: 2389: 2388: 2377: 2368: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2357: 2353: 2335: 2334: 2330: 2320: 2319: 2315: 2305: 2303: 2300:Washington Post 2294: 2293: 2289: 2280: 2278: 2273: 2272: 2268: 2258: 2256: 2251: 2250: 2246: 2236: 2234: 2225: 2224: 2220: 2210: 2208: 2203: 2202: 2198: 2190: 2186: 2185: 2178: 2170: 2166: 2165: 2158: 2148: 2147: 2130: 2125:Wayback Machine 2116: 2112: 2107:on 4 July 2018. 2095:Shryock, John. 2094: 2093: 2089: 2072: 2066: 2064: 2055: 2054: 2050: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2028: 2026:"Craneworld.de" 2024: 2023: 2019: 2010: 2008: 1995: 1994: 1990: 1984: 1980: 1971: 1970: 1966: 1957: 1953: 1944: 1940: 1927: 1926: 1919: 1909: 1907: 1902: 1901: 1897: 1890:Chicago Tribune 1883: 1882: 1878: 1865: 1864: 1860: 1851: 1849: 1840: 1839: 1835: 1826: 1824: 1815: 1814: 1810: 1801: 1799: 1790: 1789: 1780: 1775: 1771: 1758: 1757: 1753: 1719: 1718: 1714: 1705: 1703: 1694: 1693: 1689: 1680: 1678: 1669: 1668: 1664: 1655: 1653: 1643: 1642: 1638: 1625: 1623: 1615: 1611: 1610: 1606: 1562: 1561: 1557: 1549: 1545: 1536: 1534: 1521: 1520: 1516: 1504: 1500: 1487: 1486: 1477: 1468: 1464: 1455: 1453: 1444: 1443: 1439: 1432: 1419: 1418: 1414: 1405: 1403: 1398: 1397: 1393: 1384: 1380: 1371: 1362: 1348: 1337: 1327: 1325: 1308: 1307: 1303: 1288: 1287: 1283: 1270:Edwards, George 1268: 1267: 1263: 1248: 1247: 1243: 1228: 1227: 1223: 1216: 1200: 1199: 1195: 1185: 1183: 1171: 1170: 1166: 1156: 1154: 1146: 1145: 1136: 1127: 1125: 1117: 1116: 1112: 1102: 1100: 1071: 1070: 1061: 1056: 1044: 960:Atlantic flyway 951:first migration 918: 849:San Antonio Zoo 825:sandhill cranes 771: 750: 637: 625:Florida panther 559: 453: 396: 337:and coined the 325:Systema Naturae 308: 264: 262:Ardea americana 234: 223: 217: 204: 112: 104: 87: 76: 72: 65: 35:Whooping crane 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6158: 6156: 6148: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6102: 6101: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6091: 6087:Grus-americana 6078: 6065: 6052: 6039: 6026: 6013: 6000: 5987: 5974: 5961: 5948: 5935: 5922: 5918:whooping-crane 5912: 5899: 5889: 5876: 5863: 5853: 5840: 5836:grus-americana 5827: 5814: 5804: 5791: 5778: 5765: 5761:Grus_americana 5752: 5741: 5736:Grus americana 5726: 5710: 5708: 5706:Grus americana 5702: 5701: 5696: 5689: 5688: 5665: 5664: 5657: 5654: 5653: 5650: 5649: 5647: 5646: 5636: 5626: 5623:G. nigricollis 5616: 5606: 5596: 5589:Whooping crane 5586: 5576: 5573:G. carunculata 5565: 5563: 5555: 5554: 5552: 5551: 5541: 5531: 5521: 5514:Sandhill crane 5510: 5508: 5500: 5499: 5497: 5496: 5489:Siberian crane 5485: 5483: 5474: 5468: 5467: 5464: 5463: 5461: 5460: 5450: 5439: 5437: 5425: 5419: 5418: 5396: 5394: 5393: 5386: 5379: 5371: 5362: 5361: 5359: 5358: 5346: 5334: 5322: 5309: 5306: 5305: 5302: 5301: 5298: 5297: 5294: 5293: 5290: 5289: 5286: 5285: 5282: 5281: 5278: 5277: 5274: 5273: 5271: 5270: 5262: 5257:Coraciiformes 5254: 5246: 5238: 5233:Trogoniformes 5230: 5222: 5214: 5206: 5197: 5195: 5189: 5188: 5186: 5185: 5180:Passeriformes 5177: 5169: 5164:Falconiformes 5161: 5156:Cariamiformes 5152: 5150: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5140: 5132: 5124: 5119:Ciconiiformes 5116: 5108: 5100: 5091: 5089: 5083: 5082: 5080: 5079: 5071: 5062: 5060: 5054: 5053: 5051: 5050: 5042: 5033: 5031: 5029:Cursorimorphae 5025: 5024: 5022: 5021: 5012: 5010: 5004: 5003: 5001: 5000: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4973: 4971: 4965: 4964: 4962: 4961: 4953: 4945: 4936: 4934: 4925: 4919: 4918: 4915: 4914: 4912: 4911: 4903: 4894: 4892: 4890:Mirandornithes 4886: 4885: 4883: 4882: 4874: 4866: 4861:Columbiformes 4857: 4855: 4853:Columbimorphae 4846: 4837: 4827: 4826: 4823: 4822: 4819: 4818: 4815: 4814: 4812: 4811: 4806: 4798: 4793: 4788:Meleagridinae 4784: 4782: 4776: 4775: 4773: 4772: 4765: 4758: 4751: 4744: 4737: 4730: 4723: 4716: 4708: 4706: 4704:Odontophoridae 4700: 4699: 4697: 4696: 4689: 4682: 4675: 4667: 4665: 4659: 4658: 4656: 4655: 4648: 4641: 4634: 4627: 4620: 4613: 4605: 4603: 4597: 4596: 4594: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4577: 4575: 4566: 4545: 4544: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4537: 4529: 4527: 4521: 4520: 4518: 4517: 4510: 4502: 4500: 4494: 4493: 4491: 4490: 4485: 4483:Stictonettinae 4480: 4478:Dendrocygninae 4475: 4474: 4473: 4466: 4454: 4453: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4431: 4429: 4412: 4399: 4356: 4328: 4327: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4320: 4312: 4304: 4296: 4288: 4279: 4277: 4263: 4262: 4259: 4248: 4247: 4245: 4244: 4243: 4242: 4237: 4231:Notable birds 4229: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4193: 4191: 4187: 4186: 4184: 4183: 4181:Egg collecting 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4132: 4131: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4100: 4098: 4090: 4089: 4087: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4064:Hesperornithes 4061: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4039:Ambiortiformes 4036: 4031: 4026: 4024:Enantiornithes 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 3998: 3996: 3990: 3989: 3987: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3965: 3964: 3959: 3948: 3946: 3940: 3939: 3937: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3875: 3873: 3867: 3866: 3864: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3827: 3826: 3816: 3811: 3805: 3803: 3797: 3796: 3794: 3793: 3787: 3784: 3783: 3773: 3771: 3770: 3763: 3756: 3748: 3742: 3741: 3735: 3729: 3718: 3717:External links 3715: 3714: 3713: 3693: 3677: 3657: 3639:Grus americana 3632: 3624: 3610:Grus americana 3604: 3597:Paul Johnsgard 3591:Grus americana 3586: 3579: 3576: 3573: 3572: 3561:. The Advocate 3549: 3527: 3499: 3485: 3473:www.kplctv.com 3460: 3437: 3419: 3408: 3382: 3371: 3341: 3312: 3287: 3262: 3237: 3220: 3203: 3186: 3161: 3147: 3133: 3119: 3105: 3080: 3059: 3034: 3009: 2984: 2970: 2945: 2924: 2893: 2881: 2856: 2827: 2792: 2764: 2754:on 13 May 2016 2737: 2702: 2685: 2663: 2628: 2571: 2546: 2521: 2500: 2474: 2449: 2424: 2400: 2375: 2351: 2348:on 2007-12-18. 2342:Canadian Press 2328: 2313: 2287: 2266: 2244: 2218: 2196: 2176: 2156: 2128: 2110: 2087: 2048: 2017: 1988: 1978: 1964: 1951: 1938: 1917: 1895: 1876: 1858: 1833: 1808: 1778: 1769: 1751: 1732:(1): 115–120. 1712: 1687: 1662: 1636: 1604: 1555: 1543: 1514: 1498: 1475: 1462: 1437: 1430: 1412: 1391: 1378: 1360: 1335: 1301: 1292:, ed. (1934). 1281: 1261: 1241: 1230:Linnaeus, Carl 1221: 1214: 1204:Wild by Design 1193: 1175:Grus americana 1164: 1152:tpwd.texas.gov 1134: 1110: 1076:Grus americana 1058: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1050: 1048:Puppet-rearing 1043: 1040: 1031: 1030: 1025: 1024: 1000: 999: 990: 989: 980: 979: 943: 942: 935: 917: 916:Reintroduction 914: 770: 767: 749: 746: 636: 633: 558: 555: 452: 449: 437:sandhill crane 395: 392: 354:George Edwards 352:, and in 1750 307: 304: 296:sandhill crane 280:Grus americana 275:whooping crane 269: 268: 257: 256: 250: 249: 245: 244: 236: 235: 224: 219:Grus americana 213: 212: 206: 205: 198: 196: 192: 191: 184: 180: 179: 174: 170: 169: 164: 160: 159: 154: 150: 149: 144: 140: 139: 134: 130: 129: 124: 120: 119: 106: 105: 92: 89: 88: 70: 67: 66: 61: 58: 57: 46: 45: 37: 36: 26: 24: 18:Whooping Crane 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6157: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6107: 6105: 6088: 6083: 6079: 6075: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6031: 6027: 6023: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6005: 6001: 5997: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5966: 5962: 5958: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5940: 5936: 5932: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5913: 5909: 5904: 5900: 5896: 5890: 5886: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5854: 5850: 5845: 5841: 5837: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5805: 5801: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5757: 5753: 5746: 5742: 5737: 5731: 5727: 5722: 5716: 5712: 5711: 5709: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5694: 5687: 5677: 5673: 5661: 5655: 5644: 5640: 5637: 5634: 5630: 5627: 5624: 5620: 5617: 5614: 5610: 5607: 5604: 5600: 5597: 5594: 5590: 5587: 5584: 5583:G. japonensis 5580: 5577: 5574: 5570: 5569:Wattled crane 5567: 5566: 5564: 5562: 5561: 5556: 5549: 5545: 5542: 5539: 5535: 5532: 5529: 5525: 5522: 5519: 5518:A. canadensis 5515: 5512: 5511: 5509: 5507: 5506: 5501: 5494: 5490: 5487: 5486: 5484: 5482: 5478: 5475: 5469: 5458: 5454: 5451: 5448: 5444: 5441: 5440: 5438: 5436: 5435: 5429: 5426: 5420: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5392: 5387: 5385: 5380: 5378: 5373: 5372: 5369: 5357: 5356: 5347: 5345: 5344: 5339: 5335: 5333: 5332: 5323: 5321: 5320: 5311: 5310: 5307: 5269: 5263: 5261: 5255: 5253: 5247: 5245: 5239: 5237: 5231: 5229: 5223: 5221: 5217:Strigiformes 5215: 5213: 5207: 5205: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5194: 5190: 5184: 5178: 5176: 5170: 5168: 5162: 5160: 5154: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5145: 5139: 5133: 5131: 5125: 5123: 5117: 5115: 5109: 5107: 5101: 5099: 5093: 5092: 5090: 5088: 5084: 5078: 5072: 5070: 5068:(tropicbirds) 5064: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5055: 5049: 5043: 5041: 5035: 5034: 5032: 5030: 5026: 5020: 5014: 5013: 5011: 5009: 5005: 4999: 4993: 4991: 4990:Podargiformes 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4975: 4974: 4972: 4970: 4966: 4960: 4954: 4952: 4946: 4944: 4940:Cuculiformes 4938: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4920: 4910: 4904: 4902: 4896: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4887: 4881: 4875: 4873: 4867: 4865: 4859: 4858: 4856: 4854: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4786: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4777: 4771: 4770: 4766: 4764: 4763: 4759: 4757: 4756: 4752: 4750: 4749: 4745: 4743: 4742: 4738: 4736: 4735: 4731: 4729: 4728: 4724: 4722: 4721: 4717: 4715: 4714: 4710: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4701: 4695: 4694: 4690: 4688: 4687: 4683: 4681: 4680: 4676: 4674: 4673: 4669: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4660: 4654: 4653: 4649: 4647: 4646: 4642: 4640: 4639: 4638:Macrocephalon 4635: 4633: 4632: 4628: 4626: 4625: 4621: 4619: 4618: 4614: 4612: 4611: 4607: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4598: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4570: 4567: 4563: 4556: 4550: 4546: 4536: 4535: 4531: 4530: 4528: 4526: 4525:Anseranatidae 4522: 4516: 4515: 4511: 4509: 4508: 4504: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4495: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4472: 4467: 4465: 4460: 4459: 4458: 4455: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4437: 4436: 4433: 4432: 4430: 4426: 4420: 4416: 4413: 4407: 4403: 4400: 4396: 4390: 4364: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4333: 4329: 4319: 4313: 4311: 4305: 4303: 4299:Tinamiformes 4297: 4295: 4289: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4275:Palaeognathae 4272: 4268: 4264: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4232: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4194: 4192: 4188: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4161:Pigeon racing 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4130: 4127: 4126: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4091: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4004: 4003:Archaeopteryx 4000: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3991: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3954: 3953: 3950: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3941: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3876: 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Audubon.com 3448: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3431: 3428: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3412: 3409: 3396: 3392: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3375: 3372: 3359: 3355: 3348: 3346: 3342: 3329: 3325: 3319: 3317: 3313: 3302: 3298: 3291: 3288: 3276: 3272: 3266: 3263: 3251: 3247: 3241: 3238: 3230: 3224: 3221: 3213: 3207: 3204: 3196: 3190: 3187: 3176: 3172: 3165: 3162: 3157: 3151: 3148: 3143: 3137: 3134: 3129: 3123: 3120: 3115: 3109: 3106: 3095: 3091: 3084: 3081: 3069: 3063: 3060: 3049: 3045: 3038: 3035: 3024: 3020: 3013: 3010: 2999:on 2011-05-28 2998: 2994: 2988: 2985: 2980: 2974: 2971: 2960:on 2009-03-16 2959: 2955: 2949: 2946: 2934: 2928: 2925: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2897: 2894: 2890: 2885: 2882: 2871:on 2009-06-30 2870: 2866: 2860: 2857: 2845: 2841: 2834: 2832: 2828: 2825: 2820: 2807: 2796: 2793: 2782: 2778: 2771: 2769: 2765: 2753: 2749: 2748: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2730: 2717: 2706: 2703: 2698: 2692: 2690: 2686: 2673: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2656: 2643: 2632: 2629: 2624: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2575: 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IUcN. 1577:Bibcode 1328:28 July 898:drought 717:berries 697:insects 620:coyotes 591:red fox 501:Florida 481:Alberta 471:of the 322:of his 318:in the 183:Genus: 177:Gruidae 163:Order: 153:Class: 98: ( 81: ( 55:Alberta 49:In the 6074:422602 6035:414356 5970:176176 5915:GNAB: 5892:FEIS: 5880:EURING 5856:ECOS: 5849:whocra 5810:whocra 5749:whocra 5672:Portal 5544:Brolga 5410:family 5398:Cranes 5343:Portal 5219:(owls) 4693:Numida 4631:Leipoa 4514:Chauna 4507:Anhima 4202:Genera 4176:Imping 4094:Human 3934:Colony 3861:Vision 3846:Flight 3603:(1983) 2849:May 6, 2621: 2611: 1744: 1597: 1428: 1212: 1011:, the 740:, and 738:barley 728:Waste 715:, and 713:tubers 709:snails 681:plants 615:bobcat 601:, and 587:cougar 469:muskeg 465:Mexico 417:tarsus 413:culmen 386:as no 6069:WoRMS 6061:10857 6048:83465 6022:72722 5952:IRMNG 5844:eBird 5823:3HFDB 5807:BOW: 5800:19888 5686:Birds 5402:order 4463:swans 4425:ducks 4395:fowls 4190:Lists 3814:Brain 3779:class 3775:Birds 3595:from 3520:9 May 3401:6 May 3364:9 May 3232:(PDF) 3215:(PDF) 3198:(PDF) 3094:Chron 2395:(PDF) 2363:(PDF) 2191:(PDF) 2171:(PDF) 2036:(PDF) 2029:(PDF) 1742:S2CID 1616:(PDF) 734:wheat 730:grain 705:clams 689:birds 685:frogs 661:Texas 520:Texas 473:taiga 334:Ardea 330:genus 288:crane 100:CITES 94:CITES 6009:9117 6004:NCBI 5978:IUCN 5965:ITIS 5903:GBIF 5895:gram 5885:4390 5795:BOLD 5560:Grus 3836:Eggs 3824:milk 3819:Crop 3809:Beak 3709:2006 3689:2007 3673:2006 3653:2006 3620:2006 3567:2018 3544:2017 3522:2017 3455:2020 3403:2007 3366:2017 3360:.com 3336:2018 3282:2017 2919:2015 2851:2019 2819:help 2760:2016 2729:help 2680:2024 2655:help 2619:PMID 2308:2017 2261:2017 2239:2017 2213:2017 2082:link 1912:2023 1628:2019 1595:ISSN 1426:ISBN 1330:2024 1210:ISBN 1188:2022 1159:2023 1105:2021 1088:2020 742:corn 693:fish 673:fish 635:Diet 541:The 516:Gulf 503:and 483:and 375:Grus 273:The 231:1758 188:Grus 157:Aves 5926:IBC 5867:EoL 5859:758 5831:CMS 5818:CoL 5756:ADW 5745:ABA 3023:CNN 2609:PMC 2601:doi 2061:CNN 1734:doi 1730:126 1585:doi 1092:doi 1017:LSU 843:in 819:in 677:eel 565:At 475:in 6106:: 6084:: 6071:: 6058:: 6045:: 6032:: 6019:: 6006:: 5993:: 5980:: 5967:: 5954:: 5944:34 5941:: 5928:: 5905:: 5882:: 5869:: 5846:: 5833:: 5820:: 5797:: 5784:: 5771:: 5758:: 5747:: 5732:: 5717:: 5412:: 5404:: 3612:)" 3599:, 3511:. 3471:. 3356:. 3344:^ 3315:^ 3299:. 3273:. 3248:. 3173:. 3092:. 3046:. 3021:. 2905:. 2842:. 2830:^ 2810:: 2808:}} 2804:{{ 2779:. 2767:^ 2720:: 2718:}} 2714:{{ 2688:^ 2646:: 2644:}} 2640:{{ 2617:. 2607:. 2599:. 2587:. 2583:. 2558:. 2533:. 2460:. 2436:. 2403:^ 2378:^ 2298:. 2179:^ 2159:^ 2131:^ 2099:. 2078:}} 2074:{{ 2059:. 1999:. 1931:. 1920:^ 1888:. 1869:. 1781:^ 1762:. 1740:. 1728:. 1724:. 1648:. 1630:. 1618:. 1593:. 1583:. 1573:57 1571:. 1567:. 1525:. 1491:. 1478:^ 1363:^ 1338:^ 1320:. 1179:. 1150:. 1137:^ 1121:. 1086:. 1080:. 1062:^ 736:, 707:, 703:, 699:, 691:, 671:, 667:, 605:. 597:, 593:, 589:, 585:, 581:, 577:, 534:, 530:, 507:. 479:, 229:, 53:, 5674:: 5662:) 5645:) 5641:( 5635:) 5631:( 5625:) 5621:( 5615:) 5611:( 5605:) 5595:) 5591:( 5585:) 5581:( 5575:) 5571:( 5550:) 5546:( 5540:) 5536:( 5530:) 5526:( 5520:) 5516:( 5495:) 5491:( 5459:) 5455:( 5449:) 5445:( 5416:) 5400:( 5390:e 5383:t 5376:v 4564:) 4557:- 4553:( 4427:) 4423:( 4397:) 4393:( 4389:e 4387:a 4385:r 4383:e 4381:s 4379:n 4377:a 4375:o 4373:l 4371:l 4369:a 4367:G 4354:e 4352:a 4350:h 4348:t 4346:a 4344:n 4342:g 4340:o 4338:e 4336:N 3777:( 3767:e 3760:t 3753:v 3711:. 3691:. 3675:. 3655:. 3641:" 3637:" 3631:. 3622:. 3593:) 3569:. 3546:. 3524:. 3482:. 3457:. 3405:. 3368:. 3338:. 3309:. 3284:. 3259:. 3183:. 3102:. 3077:. 3056:. 3031:. 3006:. 2967:. 2942:. 2921:. 2878:. 2853:. 2821:) 2817:( 2789:. 2731:) 2727:( 2682:. 2657:) 2653:( 2625:. 2603:: 2595:: 2589:7 2568:. 2543:. 2518:. 2497:. 2471:. 2446:. 2372:. 2325:. 2310:. 2284:. 2263:. 2241:. 2215:. 2084:) 2070:. 2045:. 2014:. 1975:. 1935:. 1914:. 1892:. 1873:. 1855:. 1830:. 1805:. 1766:. 1748:. 1736:: 1709:. 1684:. 1659:. 1601:. 1587:: 1579:: 1540:. 1495:. 1459:. 1434:. 1409:. 1332:. 1218:. 1190:. 1177:" 1161:. 1131:. 1107:. 1094:: 1078:" 1074:" 934:. 647:. 298:( 277:( 233:) 225:( 102:) 85:) 20:)

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