94:—enough to detect and track moving targets throughout the scene. Should a user need to take a closer look at a subject, the WAMI system can cue other available sensors, such as hi-res full-motion video cameras, to make the identification. Users can select different video streams pulled from the WAMI system's vast field of view and, with the help of advanced data compression techniques, watch them live on their computer screens or handheld devices. In some systems, users can also designate "watchboxes" within the sensor's field of view to provide automated alerts should the system detect movement in the area.
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Since the deployment of
Constant Hawk, WAMI systems have gotten smaller, lighter, and more capable. The current generation Kestrel Block II, for instance, employs eight electro-optical/infrared cameras that, together, form a 440-megapixel mosaic and cover 113 square kilometers. Yet this WAMI system
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A WAMI sensor images the entirety of its coverage area in real time. It also records and archives that imagery in a database for real-time and forensic analysis. WAMI operators can use this live and recorded imagery to spot activity otherwise missed by standard video cameras with narrower fields of
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All WAMI is tagged for time and location before being stored in an airborne or ground-based database. Users can remotely access this database and, similar to DVR functionality, can speed through or rewind the imagery to find specific incidents. In addition, just as with the real-time imagery, WAMI
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The very first WAMI system was developed in the early 2000s by a
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory team led by John Marion, as part of the Sonoma Persistent Surveillance Program. In 2005, the sensor transitioned to the U.S. Department of Defense, and in 2006, the Army sent the system—dubbed
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Military and security personnel are the typical users of WAMI, employing the technology for such missions as force protection, base security, route reconnaissance, border security, counter-terrorism, and event security. However, WAMI systems can also be used for
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hundreds of people and vehicles moving out in the open, over a city-sized area, kilometers in diameter. For this reason, WAMI is sometimes referred to as wide-area persistent surveillance (WAPS) or wide-area airborne surveillance (WAAS).
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The typical WAMI sensor produces imagery at an update rate of 1 Hz or faster from one or more multiple megapixel cameras. The system then seamlessly stitches together the collected images and applies algorithms to
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Weighing 1500 pounds, Constant Hawk initially comprised six electro-optical 11-megapixel cameras that covered 25 square kilometers. This payload was later upgraded to six 16-megapixel cameras.
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The history of WAMI systems initially in the US military and subsequently in domestic US law enforcement and commercial applications is covered in Arthur
Holland Michel's 2019 book
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view, analyze these activities in context, distinguish threats from normal patterns of behavior, and perform the work of a larger force.
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45:-gathering that employs specialized software and a powerful camera system—usually airborne, and for extended periods of time—to
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Corvuseye: Intelligent Wide-Area Motion
Imagery from the Air Any Time Day or Night
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Jane's
Aviation Review 1982-83 - Taylor, Michael J. H. (ed.). ISBN 10: 0710602162
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Kestrel Block II: Day-Night, Lightweight Wide-Area Motion
Imagery for Aerostats
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Redkite: Lightweight Wide-Area Motion
Imagery for Manned and Unmanned Aircraft
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weighs less than 85 pounds—light enough to be mounted on a tethered blimp, or
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Eyes in the Sky: The Secret Rise of Gorgon Stare and How It Will Watch Us All
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Autonomous Real-Time Ground
Ubiquitous Surveillance Imaging System (ARGUS-IS)
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Wide-Area Motion
Imagery Systems: Evolution, Capabilities and Mission Sets
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Wide-Area Motion
Imagery Systems: Evolution, Capabilities and Mission Sets
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248:." Open Geospatial Consortium. 5 December 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
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Lightweight Expeditionary Airborne Persistent Surveillance (LEAPS)
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As far as resolution goes, WAMI systems usually have a 0.5 meter
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A Primer for Dissemination Services for Wide Area Motion Imagery
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A Primer for Dissemination Services for Wide Area Motion Imagery
235:." Lexington Institute. 28 November 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
222:." RUSI Defence Systems. 5 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
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An All-Seeing Eye In The Sky Will Watch Over The Rio Olympics
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Wide Area Persistent Surveillance Revolutionizes Tactical ISR
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https://www.royalsignalsmuseum.co.uk/on-this-day-7th-april/
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Army weighs new lightweight wide area motion imagery sensor
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users can pan, tilt, and zoom within the archived imagery.
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Some Recent Sensor-Related Army Critical Technology Events
287:." Persistent Surveillance Systems. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
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Airborne Wide Area Persistent Surveillance Sensor (AWAPPS)
499:." Jane's 360. 19 February 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
460:." FlightGlobal. 22 August 2006. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
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Shorts 360 Constant Hawk system heads for Iraqi theatre
430:." Fast Company. 27 July 2016. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
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Approach to surveillance and intelligence gathering
83:them, ensuring that the sensor picture represents
447:. S&TR April/May 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
339:." Monch Publishing Group. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
313:." WIRED. 19 August 2009. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
311:New Army Camera Promises Super-Wide Surveillance
415:Multi-Sensor, Wide-Area Persistent Surveillance
272:Kestrel: Wide-Area Motion Imagery for Aerostats
122:, which can be kept aloft for weeks at a time.
512:." Logos Technologies. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
417:." Logos Technologies. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
391:." Logos Technologies. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
378:." Harris Corporation. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
274:." Logos Technologies. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
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365:." Aviation Today. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
337:IDEX 2017: Logos Technologies Double WAMI
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445:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
74:Capabilities and enabling technologies
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559:Intelligence gathering disciplines
153:Kestrel Block II (formerly KS-200)
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31:Wide-area motion imagery (WAMI)
18:Wide-Area Motion Imagery (WAMI)
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92:ground sample distance (GSD)
66:, traffic pattern analysis,
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497:IDEX 2017: Bird's eye view
482:Ratches, James A., etal. "
473:." Retrieved 12 May 2018.
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102:Evolution of WAMI systems
350:Wide-Area Motion Imagery
298:Wide-Area Motion Imagery
441:From Video to Knowledge
70:, and law enforcement.
471:Persistence on Patrol
363:Persistence on Patrol
348:Porter, Reid, etal. "
296:Porter, Reid, etal. "
126:List of WAMI systems
426:Melendez, Steven. "
189:POPSTAR (IAI/TAMAM)
68:wildlife protection
564:Aerial photography
309:Hambling, David. "
194:In Popular Culture
33:is an approach to
495:Endres, GĂĽnter. "
469:Colucci, Frank. "
361:Colucci, Frank. "
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543:Categories
285:HawkEye II
206:References
180:HawkEye II
139:Blue Devil
136:Angel Fire
183:Heli-Tele
174:CorvusEye
120:aerostat
167:Redkite
149:Kestrel
171:Simera
47:detect
41:, and
569:Video
177:SkEye
51:track
49:and
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