909:
596:
31:
368:
343:
bell from the Church of the Holy Mother of God to Suzdal and the bell ceased to ring as in
Vladimir. And Prince Alexander thought he had been rude to the Holy Mother of God, and he ordered it taken back to Vladimir. And when the bell was brought back and installed in its place, its peal once again
192:
But when the report was carried about and reached the entire nation, practically all the Antae assembled to discuss the situation, and they demanded that the matter be made a public one(...). For these nations, the
Sclaveni and the Antae, are not ruled by one man, but they have lived from of old
827:
790:
657:, but sources for that time come from the later centuries and their validity is disputed by scholars. The election privilege was usually limited to the elites, which in the later times took the form of the most powerful nobles (
535:
had legislative powers; it could appoint military commanders and hear ambassadors' reports. It also approved expenses such as grants to princes and payments to builders of walls, towers and bridges. The
493:, although it is more likely that the common procedure was more complex. The whole population of the city, including boyars, merchants, and common citizens, then gathered in front of the
286:
in towns in the 11th century, but there are significantly more in the 12th century, with such references mostly concerning
Novgorod and Pskov. Medieval chronicles, such as the
921:
943:
631:
376:
116:
1466:
1432:
1231:
1146:
1059:
1010:
1290:
1262:
1175:
494:
1531:
193:
under a democracy, and consequently everything which involves their welfare, whether for good or ill, is referred to the people.
1214:
Feldbrugge, F. J. M. (1 January 2009). "Chapter 5. Popular
Assemblies In Early Medieval Russia: The Veche In Legal History".
1114:
veche. 2010). Encyclopædia
Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica.
665:) or officials, and was heavily influenced by local traditions and strength of the ruler. By the 12th or 13th century, the
560:
was dominated by the elites, with some saying that real power was held in the hands of boyars, with others considering the
274:
in 1123. The assemblies discussed matters of war and peace, adopted laws, and called for and expelled rulers. In Kiev, the
674:
1255:Русская республика (Севернорусские народоправства во времена удельно-вечевого уклада. История Новгорода, Пскова и Вятки)
279:
634:. Issues were first debated by the elders and leaders, and later presented to all the free men for a wider discussion.
1536:
1278:
1492:
1401:
1376:
842:
1513:
Michael C. Paul, "The
Iaroslavichi and the Novgorodian Veche: A Case Study on Princely Relations with the Veche,"
669:
institution likewise limited its participation to high ranking nobles and officials. The nationwide gatherings of
1051:
A History of
Russian Law: From Ancient Times to the Council Code (Ulozhenie) of Tsar Aleksei Mikhailovich of 1649
805:
862:
541:
292:
1198:
936:
868:
751:
1168:
Russian lands of the Middle Volga region (second third of the 13th to first third of the 14th centuries)
650:
608:
112:
564:
to be a democratic institution. Conflicts were common and the confrontation between the veche and the
584:
38:
243:
also indicates the recognition of the people as a separate political agent in a 944 treaty with the
857:
833:
498:
313:
1247:
1194:
820:
796:
444:
399:
1462:
1428:
1422:
1286:
1258:
1227:
1171:
1142:
1055:
1006:
1000:
429:
consisted of entirely free males or was instead dominated by a small group of nobles known as
259:
215:
1219:
894:
766:
742:
704:
328:
244:
210:
148:
80:
52:
1090:
1488:
1397:
1372:
783:
771:
384:
263:
68:
977:
362:
206:
202:
64:
1223:
595:
30:
1525:
1418:
1170:] (in Russian). Nizhny Novgorod: Комитет по делам архивов Нижегородской области.
698:
646:
509:
87:
686:
673:
officials in 1306 and 1310 can be seen as precursors of the Polish parliament (the
556:(mayors), "middle" and common people. Historians differ on the extent to which the
448:
248:
433:. Traditional scholarship argues that a series of reforms in 1410 transformed the
1456:
1136:
1049:
447:; it became the lower chamber of the parliament. An upper chamber knowns as the
391:
56:
641:
was the one convened to choose a new ruler. There are legends of a 9th-century
901:
502:
475:
membership may have become full-time, and parliament deputies were now called
467:
900:
of the word and the corresponding references in the following entries of the
897:
395:
181:
367:
1164:Русские земли Среднего Поволжья (вторая треть XIII – первая треть XIV в.)
658:
654:
642:
630:, were convened even before the beginning of the Polish statehood in the
461:
418:
1512:
517:
224:
953:
716:
712:
662:
604:
439:
404:
332:
67:
and it later became a powerful institution in
Russian cities such as
978:"veche (medieval Russian assembly) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia"
17:
1002:
A Comparative Study of Thirty City-state
Cultures: An Investigation
725:, a later kind of popular assembly, then the parliament of Ukraine
594:
529:
430:
366:
271:
185:
72:
1078:
722:
708:
692:
490:
267:
152:, both ultimately deriving from the Proto-Slavic verbal stem of
479:. Some recent scholars call this interpretation into question.
398:
in the city until 1478, after
Novgorod was formally annexed by
79:
acquired great prominence and was broadly similar to the Norse
952:
all of them presented online in the etymological databases of
235:
are used in later instances to refer to the activities of the
877:
583:
functioned until 1510, when the city was formally annexed by
520:; however they possibly existed in all other towns as well.
296:
for Novgorod especially, are the basic source regarding the
300:. The next generation of Russian chronicles, including the
251:
and his boyars, and the whole people of Rus have sent us".
201:
is thought to have originated in the tribal assemblies of
1383:(Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1987, p.20, 26-27
459:, with title membership for all former city magistrates (
375:
bell from Novgorod to Moscow in 1478, miniature from the
335:
during his reign as grand prince is found in chronicles:
847:
153:
810:
1353:Древний Псков. Очерки по истории феодальной республики
1338:Древний Псков. Очерки по истории феодальной республики
1323:Древний Псков. Очерки по истории феодальной республики
1308:Древний Псков. Очерки по истории феодальной республики
548:
and important private papers and state documents. The
1499:(Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1987, p.62-63
1408:(Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1987, p.63-64
1005:. Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab. pp. 268–.
756:
572:
and the confiscation of the property of three other
486:
could be presumably summoned by anyone who rang the
408:(boroughs or "ends") of Novgorod also had their own
188:
gathering in popular assemblies in the 6th century:
223:) before deciding to ultimately pay tribute to the
1203:. Foreign Languages Publishing House. p. 227.
689:, Russian parliament from the early modern period
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1393:
1391:
1389:
437:into something similar to the public assembly (
337:
219:, are said to have consulted among themselves (
190:
1048:Feldbrugge, Ferdinand J. M. (2 October 2017).
999:Københavns universitet. Polis centret (2000).
1424:Heart of Europe: The Past in Poland's Present
1189:
1187:
339:This Prince Alexander from Vladimir took the
8:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
103:is a transliteration of the Russian "вече" (
121:
377:Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible
1340:(in Russian). Nauka. pp. 85–90, 110.
1141:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 234.
1135:Langer, Lawrence N. (15 September 2021).
568:in 1483–1484 led to the execution of one
146:), which is also represented in the word
1427:. Oxford University Press. p. 249.
1138:Historical Dictionary of Medieval Russia
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
29:
1257:(in Russian). Pubmix.com. p. 213.
969:
735:
425:Historians debate whether the Novgorod
1285:(in Russian). Pubmix.com. p. 18.
1310:(in Russian). Nauka. pp. 98–105.
856:
819:
782:
765:
653:, and a similar election of his son,
455:) was also created which oversaw the
282:. There are not many references of a
7:
939:etymology of this root in the entry
1218:. Brill Nijhoff. pp. 147–165.
258:in chronicles refer to examples in
111:), which is in turn inherited from
104:
1497:Historia państwa i prawa polskiego
1406:Historia państwa i prawa polskiego
1381:Historia państwa i prawa polskiego
416:for the city selected the prince,
25:
1325:(in Russian). Nauka. p. 111.
1224:10.1163/ej.9789004169852.i-336.47
544:, which held the archives of the
63:is mentioned during the times of
1355:(in Russian). Nauka. p. 74.
645:of the legendary founder of the
512:, the chronicles only mention a
412:to elect borough officials. The
613:
318:
471:). Some sources indicate that
304:, are also important sources.
205:, thus predating the state of
1:
1351:Kafengauz, Berngardt (1969).
1336:Kafengauz, Berngardt (1969).
1321:Kafengauz, Berngardt (1969).
1306:Kafengauz, Berngardt (1969).
540:gathered at the court of the
278:was summoned in front of the
254:The earliest mentions of the
1279:Stepnyak-Kravchinsky, Sergey
904:'s Etymological dictionary:
695:, a type of Russian assembly
312:A semi-legendary account of
1054:. BRILL. pp. 415–418.
878:
848:
811:
757:
115:
1553:
1075:All the Slavs of Procopius
637:One of the major types of
360:
213:in Kiev, according to the
935:and the possible further
867:
866:
837:
800:
746:
495:Cathedral of Saint Sophia
344:became acceptable to God.
27:Medieval popular assembly
1283:Россия под властью царей
1282:
1254:
1200:The Towns of Ancient Rus
350:Novgorod First Chronicle
293:Novgorod First Chronicle
247:: "And our grand prince
1532:Historical legislatures
1495:, and Michał Pietrzak,
1404:, and Michał Pietrzak,
1379:, and Michał Pietrzak,
1162:Pudalov, B. M. (2004).
907:of the particular word
331:to his appanage center
280:Cathedral of St. Sophia
155:
1461:. Iskry. p. 170.
1455:Janusz Roszko (1980).
1216:Law in Medieval Russia
1195:Tikhomirov, Mikhail N.
775:
619:
508:Of all other towns of
380:
354:
195:
42:
651:Piast the Wheelwright
626:, known in Poland as
598:
370:
182:Procopius of Caesarea
33:
1493:Bogusław Leśnodorski
1402:Bogusław Leśnodorski
1377:Bogusław Leśnodorski
821:[ˈʋ⁽ʲ⁾it͡ʃe]
576:who fled to Moscow.
39:Apollinary Vasnetsov
1252:Russkaya Respublika
1248:Kostomarov, Nikolay
314:Aleksandr of Suzdal
1537:Popular assemblies
1421:(23 August 2001).
955:The Tower of Babel
919:of the basic root
858:[ˈvʲɛt͡ʂa]
767:[ˈvʲet͡ɕe]
701:, a Swiss assembly
620:
552:assembly included
445:Republic of Venice
396:judicial authority
381:
221:s"dumavshe poliane
43:
1468:978-83-207-0090-9
1458:Kolebka Siemowita
1434:978-0-19-280126-5
1233:978-90-04-18085-7
1148:978-1-5381-1942-6
1061:978-90-04-35214-8
1012:978-87-7876-177-4
876:
846:
809:
755:
632:Kingdom of Poland
542:Trinity Cathedral
357:Novgorod Republic
288:Primary Chronicle
241:Primary Chronicle
216:Primary Chronicle
16:(Redirected from
1544:
1500:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1452:
1446:
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1443:
1441:
1415:
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1395:
1384:
1370:
1357:
1356:
1348:
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1333:
1327:
1326:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1191:
1182:
1181:
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996:
990:
989:
987:
985:
980:. Britannica.com
974:
927:
915:
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882:
881:
875:romanized:
874:
872:
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855:
851:
841:
839:
831:
830:
829:
823:
818:
814:
804:
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793:
792:
786:
784:[vjɛt͡s]
781:
769:
764:
760:
750:
748:
740:
707:in Scandinavia,
617:
616: 1333–1370
615:
499:Yaroslav's Court
449:Council of Lords
422:and archbishop.
390:was the highest
352:
322:
321: 1309–1331
320:
302:Suzdal Chronicle
245:Byzantine Empire
167:
164:
161:
158:
145:
142:
139:
135:
132:
131:council, counsel
129:
126:
123:
106:
53:popular assembly
21:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1522:
1521:
1515:Russian History
1509:
1507:Further reading
1504:
1503:
1489:Juliusz Bardach
1487:
1483:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1398:Juliusz Bardach
1396:
1387:
1373:Juliusz Bardach
1371:
1360:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1320:
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1315:
1305:
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1156:
1149:
1134:
1133:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1099:
1097:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1079:In Nomine Jassa
1073:
1069:
1062:
1047:
1046:
1027:
1017:
1015:
1013:
998:
997:
993:
983:
981:
976:
975:
971:
966:
925:
913:
889:
886:
885:
863:Church Slavonic
853:
826:
825:
824:
816:
789:
788:
787:
779:
762:
741:
737:
732:
683:
612:
603:in the time of
593:
585:Vasili III
526:
371:Removal of the
365:
359:
353:
348:
317:
310:
179:
174:
165:
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97:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
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5:
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1539:
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1410:
1385:
1358:
1343:
1328:
1313:
1298:
1291:
1270:
1263:
1239:
1232:
1206:
1183:
1176:
1154:
1147:
1116:
1107:
1082:
1067:
1060:
1025:
1011:
991:
968:
967:
965:
962:
961:
960:
950:
949:
948:
932:
931:
930:
929:
917:
884:
883:
734:
733:
731:
728:
727:
726:
720:
715:in Lithuania,
702:
696:
690:
682:
679:
592:
589:
525:
524:Pskov Republic
522:
402:. Each of the
379:(16th century)
363:Novgorod veche
361:Main article:
358:
355:
346:
309:
306:
203:Eastern Europe
178:
175:
173:
170:
163:to talk, speak
96:
93:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1549:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
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1516:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1482:
1470:
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1436:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1419:Norman Davies
1414:
1411:
1407:
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1392:
1390:
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1339:
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1299:
1294:
1292:9785424119651
1288:
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1274:
1271:
1266:
1264:9785424117350
1260:
1253:
1249:
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1225:
1221:
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1207:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1188:
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1179:
1177:5-93413-023-4
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1158:
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992:
979:
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946:
945:
944:*wAit- (-th-)
941:
940:
938:
937:Indo-European
934:
933:
924:
923:
918:
912:
911:
906:
905:
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739:
736:
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724:
721:
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699:Landsgemeinde
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
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664:
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647:Piast dynasty
644:
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531:
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510:Novgorod Land
506:
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496:
492:
489:
485:
482:The Novgorod
480:
478:
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446:
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400:Ivan III
397:
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389:
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378:
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336:
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330:
326:
323:) moving the
315:
307:
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303:
299:
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270:in 1068, and
269:
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150:
119:
118:
114:
110:
102:
94:
92:
90:
89:
88:Landsgemeinde
85:or the Swiss
84:
83:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
49:
40:
36:
32:
19:
1514:
1496:
1484:
1472:. Retrieved
1457:
1450:
1438:. Retrieved
1423:
1413:
1405:
1380:
1352:
1346:
1337:
1331:
1322:
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1307:
1301:
1273:
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1242:
1215:
1209:
1199:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1137:
1110:
1098:. Retrieved
1094:
1085:
1074:
1070:
1050:
1016:. Retrieved
1001:
994:
982:. Retrieved
972:
954:
942:
926:(in Russian)
920:
914:(in Russian)
908:
890:
738:
687:Zemsky Sobor
675:General Sejm
670:
666:
638:
636:
627:
623:
621:
600:
580:
578:
573:
569:
565:
561:
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108:
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1474:29 February
1440:29 February
1095:Hist.msu.ru
711:in Poland,
609:Casimir III
468:tysyatskiye
392:legislative
207:Kievan Rus'
65:Kievan Rus'
57:Middle Ages
55:during the
41:(1908–1909)
35:Pskov Veche
1526:Categories
1100:15 January
964:References
910:вече/veche
902:Max Vasmer
834:Belarusian
503:Trade Side
327:bell from
290:, and the
184:mentioned
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898:etymology
843:romanized
806:romanized
797:Ukrainian
752:romanized
719:in Latvia
574:posadniki
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643:election
607:'s King
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477:vechniki
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385:Novgorod
347:—
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264:Novgorod
262:in 997,
260:Belgorod
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1018:6 April
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957:project
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663:princes
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501:on the
225:Khazars
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177:Origins
172:History
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717:Saeima
713:Seimas
605:Poland
591:Poland
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431:boyars
405:kontsy
333:Suzdal
308:Russia
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233:dumati
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156:větiti
149:soviet
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