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On 14 December 2010 the U.S. Department of
Justice issued a subpoena directing Twitter to provide information in accordance with USC 18 2703(d). The order additionally directed that Twitter should not disclose the existence of the subpoena without prior authorization. Julian Assange, Chelsea Manning,
188:
and legally fishy in that regard" that "is being pursued by the Obama administration out of terror that further massive leaks will be made public." He contrasted the legal action with the lack of legal actions against "Bush administration officials, such as Dick Cheney, who ordered people tortured
66:
the order effectively entailed the collection of personal identifying information of over six hundred thousand
Twitter users, principally those who were followers of WikiLeaks. Subsequent reactions included the discussion of secret subpoenas in the U.S., criticism of the particular subpoena issued,
196:
argued that the US had been compelled to attempt to obtain information on citizens of other countries through action against its own companies due to its lack of overseas law enforcement powers, suggesting that "the real question is how will other countries react … will other governments try to do
100:
argued that since the application also extended to destination email addresses and IP addresses for any communication stored for the named accounts, personal identifying information was to be collected for some six hundred and thirty-four thousand followers of WikiLeaks' Twitter feed. WikiLeaks
125:
Twitter applied to notify its users of the issue of the subpoena. On 5 January 2011 it was notified of the success in its appeal, allowing the company to inform its users and to give them ten days in turn in which to appeal. After
Twitter informed Jonsdottir, she released a tweet stating "USA
166:, the first to file a constitutional challenge against the use of national security letters, describes this as "a perfect example of how the government can use its broad powers to silence people". Lawmakers in Iceland criticised the subpoena as an instance of overreach. Assange's lawyer,
197:
things to shut down this kind of investigation?" Members of the
European Parliament from the Netherlands, Romania and the UK have questioned whether US 'snooping' on the Twitter accounts of those linked with WikiLeaks is in violation of European privacy laws.
1195:
137:
Among those specifically named by the subpoena, Assange, Jonsdottir, Appelbaum and
Gonggrijp all stated that they would oppose it. Lawyer Aden Fine of the ACLU participated in defending those subpoenaed. Jonsdottir stated that she had contacted the
214:
staff writer Ryan Singel said that
Twitter's "action in asking for the gag order to be overturned sets a new precedent that we can only hope that other companies begin to follow" and summarised his point of view by saying "Twitter
189:
have not been in any way inconvenienced by Mssrs. Obama and Holder." WikiLeaks' list of 637,000 followers on
Twitter dropped by 3,000 in the hours following the announcement of the US Department of Justice action.
541:
1024:
954:
643:"Icelandic MP Fights US Demand for Her Twitter Account Details — Birgitta Jonsdottir Brands Efforts by US Justice Department To Access Her Private Information 'Completely Unacceptable'"
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were named in the subpoena. The requested information included their user names, addresses, telephone numbers, bank account details, and credit card numbers.
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Aden Fine of the ACLU said that "Twitter's e-mail indicated that it had not yet turned over to the U.S. government any records that prosecutors requested."
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observed that the US government issues over fifty thousand such requests for information each year, typically accompanied by the so-called gag order.
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government wants to know about all my tweets and more since
November 1st 2009. Do they realize I am a member of parliament in Iceland?"
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companies do what they can to protect the sensitive data they hold from the prying eyes of the government".
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in order to be able to disclose its existence to its users, and was ultimately successful in its appeal.
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109:, and lawyer Mark Stephens said that similar information had been sought from Google, Facebook and
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issued on 14 December 2010. The U.S. government sent
Twitter a subpoena for information about
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has since, comparing their law enforcement policies, stressed "how important it is that
149:
On 11 March, a U.S. judge upheld the request of the federal prosecutor for the records.
62:
While only five people were individually named within the subpoena, according to lawyer
27:
2703(d) orders (called so because they are authorized by USC 18 2703(d)) accompanied by
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alleged it had reason to believe suggesting similar subpoenas had been issued to
1152:
1025:"ALDE Calls on Commission to clarify issue of US Government Wikileaks subpoenas"
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a spine" and that
Twitter's response should become an "industry standard".
675:"Twitter's Response to WikiLeaks Subpoena Should Be the Industry Standard"
1448:
947:"DOJ Subpoenas Twitter Account of Wikileaks Volunteer and Now Iceland MP"
193:
106:
32:
251:— US Act of 1978, preventing spying on US citizens without a court order
1167:
825:
40:
1389:
102:
610:"Iceland Blasts US Demand for Lawmaker's Details in WikiLeaks Probe"
493:
114:
142:
and commented that the "U.S. government is trying to criminalize
67:
and calls for the recognition and emulation of Twitter's stance.
1050:"Social Media and Law Enforcement: Who Gets What Data and When?"
399:
110:
1074:
752:"DOJ Subpoenas Twitter Records of Several WikiLeaks Volunteers"
395:"DOJ sends order to Twitter for WikiLeaks-related account info"
245:) — US Act of 1986, before widespread email and cellphone usage
489:"US Subpoenas Wikileaks Tweets, and Why This Could Affect You"
293:"US Twitter Subpoena on WikiLeaks is Harassment, Lawyer Says"
1070:
785:"WikiLeaks Demands Google and Facebook Unseal US Subpoenas"
704:
702:
31:(authorized by USC 18 2705(b), both as differentiated from
636:
634:
632:
443:
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482:
480:
262:— US Act of 2001, introducing counter-terrorism measures
16:
Subpoenas and gag orders sent to Twitter about WikiLeaks
937:
935:
854:"U.S. judge backs request for Assange friends' records"
821:"WikiLeaks Activists May Seek To Quash Demand for Docs"
579:"Twitter Shines a Spotlight on Secret F.B.I. Subpoenas"
51:
and several other WikiLeaks-related persons, including
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603:
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412:
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1328:
Democratic National Committee v. Russian Federation
1305:
1209:
1181:
1108:
814:
812:
810:
808:
231:— first constitutional challenge of US PATRIOT Act
532:"US Turns to Twitter as WikiLeaks Chase Continues"
1420:WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy
711:"WikiLeaks Subpoenas Spill Out into Public Realm"
709:Yost, Pete; Satter, Raphael G. (8 January 2011).
522:
520:
518:
516:
229:American Civil Liberties Union v. Ashcroft (2004)
319:
317:
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140:Icelandic Minister of Justice and Human Rights
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1029:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
146:and publication of whistleblowing material."
8:
913:"Iceland Protests over US Probe of Lawmaker"
911:Menn, Joseph; et al. (8 January 2011).
55:. Twitter appealed against the accompanying
76:Subpoena issued with accompanying gag order
1093:
1079:
1071:
978:"US Subpoena of Iceland Twitter Accounts"
367:"2703(d) Orders in the News — No, Really"
132:
43:in relation to ongoing investigations of
1413:We Steal Secrets: The Story of WikiLeaks
565:
563:
561:
559:
1337:Kunstler v. Central Intelligence Agency
1314:Assange v Swedish Prosecution Authority
1118:List of material published by WikiLeaks
885:"1986 Privacy Law is Outrun by the Web"
276:
419:"U.S. Asks Twitter for WikiLeaks Data"
121:Appeal and publication of the subpoena
21:WikiLeaks-related Twitter court orders
249:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
239:Electronic Communications Privacy Act
7:
976:Sherington, Greg (11 January 2011).
957:from the original on 13 January 2011
833:from the original on 12 January 2011
764:from the original on 12 January 2011
725:from the original on 12 January 2011
687:from the original on 12 January 2011
544:from the original on 12 January 2011
501:from the original on 12 January 2011
465:from the original on 24 January 2011
393:McCullagh, Declan (7 January 2014).
343:from the original on 12 January 2011
1459:Truth & Transparency Foundation
819:Hosenball, Mark (11 January 2011).
25:United States Department of Justice
783:Beaumont, Peter (8 January 2011).
608:Connor, Richard (9 January 2011).
487:Whittaker, Zack (8 January 2011).
14:
1003:"Anonymous urges global protests"
852:Jeremy Pelofsky (12 March 2011).
641:Rushe, Dominic (8 January 2011).
133:Users' opposition to the subpoena
1472:
1471:
883:Helft, Miguel (9 January 2011).
673:Singel, Ryan (10 January 2011).
291:Larson, Erik (10 January 2011).
1498:Legal cases involving WikiLeaks
417:Sonne, Paul (10 January 2011).
184:, described the subpoena as "a
1054:Electronic Frontier Foundation
577:Cohen, Noam (9 January 2011).
202:Electronic Frontier Foundation
1:
1503:Privacy of telecommunications
1454:Distributed Denial of Secrets
1321:Bank Julius Baer v. WikiLeaks
176:, a historian of the modern
1524:
1467:
1196:National leaders analyses
1143:Guantanamo Bay files leak
1128:Afghan war documents leak
537:The Sydney Morning Herald
449:"Twitter Unsealing Order"
243:Stored Communications Act
37:national security letters
1356:United States v. Manning
1349:United States v. Assange
233:national security letter
1133:Iraq War documents leak
1123:Baghdad airstrike video
424:The Wall Street Journal
255:Information sensitivity
1400:Reception of WikiLeaks
1005:. BBC. 14 January 2011
1508:Twitter controversies
1227:Daniel Domscheit-Berg
572:registration required
1343:Twitter court orders
1297:Sigurdur Thordarson
1262:Birgitta Jónsdóttir
1148:Stratfor email leak
918:The Financial Times
530:(10 January 2011).
365:(11 January 2011).
336:. 17 January 2009.
91:Birgitta Jonsdottir
1292:Gottfrid Svartholm
1272:Andy Müller-Maguhn
1257:Kristinn Hrafnsson
945:(8 January 2011).
890:The New York Times
584:The New York Times
325:"Twitter Subpoena"
186:fishing expedition
159:The New York Times
1485:
1484:
1395:Operation Payback
1056:. 20 January 2011
982:Sydney Law School
372:Volokh Conspiracy
192:Professor of Law
96:Assange's lawyer
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864:on March 5, 2016
860:. Archived from
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1222:Julian Assange
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1210:Related people
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1247:Guccifer 2.0
1232:Rudolf Elmer
1058:. Retrieved
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1032:. Retrieved
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1007:. Retrieved
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985:. Retrieved
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922:. Retrieved
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862:the original
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790:The Guardian
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719:Toronto Star
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648:The Guardian
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528:Staff writer
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39:) issued to
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1385:Cypherpunks
1183:Cables leak
1153:Syria Files
1138:Cables leak
260:Patriot Act
217:beta-tested
178:Middle East
1492:Categories
1060:22 January
1034:17 January
1009:17 January
987:13 January
961:12 January
943:Cole, Juan
924:10 January
896:13 January
837:12 January
797:10 January
768:10 January
729:12 January
691:11 January
655:10 January
621:10 January
590:10 January
548:11 January
505:12 January
469:11 January
430:10 January
363:Kerr, Orin
347:10 January
304:10 January
272:References
235:provisions
182:South Asia
71:Chronology
29:gag orders
1380:Anonymous
1201:Reactions
1102:WikiLeaks
951:Juan Cole
298:Bloomberg
241:(and its
174:Juan Cole
153:Reactions
57:gag order
45:WikiLeaks
33:subpoenas
1477:Category
1449:Cryptome
1191:Contents
955:Archived
831:Archived
793:. London
762:Archived
723:Archived
685:Archived
651:. London
542:Archived
499:Archived
460:Archived
338:Archived
223:See also
194:Ben Saul
107:Facebook
1168:Vault 7
868:9 April
858:Reuters
826:Reuters
41:Twitter
1390:HBGary
378:21 May
117:unit.
103:Google
1306:Legal
1110:Leaks
757:Salon
717:(via
680:Wired
494:ZDNet
463:(PDF)
452:(PDF)
341:(PDF)
333:Salon
328:(PDF)
211:Wired
115:Skype
23:were
1406:Risk
1062:2011
1036:2011
1011:2011
989:2011
963:2011
926:2011
898:2011
870:2011
839:2011
799:2011
770:2011
731:2011
693:2011
657:2011
623:2011
592:2011
550:2011
507:2011
471:2011
432:2011
400:CNET
380:2014
349:2011
306:2011
200:The
180:and
111:eBay
105:and
89:and
35:and
19:The
721:).
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