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in-depth articles, especially if the subject is of local importance. Even if your foreign language skills are not particularly developed, you may still glean important information from those articles, like birth dates, statistics, bibliographies, or the names of persons that are linked on the page. If you have incorporated the additional information, please also make the appropriate
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1944:– Full version (mostly accessed by lawyers and journalists) has millions of full-text articles (from magazines, journals, and newspapers), court opinions, statutes, treatises, transcripts, public records, and more. Academic version (available at many universities) offers large subsets of the legal and news databases.
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It may also be useful to look up your subject in one of the foreign-language
Wikipedias, such as the German or French editions. While the English-language Knowledge (XXG) is the biggest one in terms of the total number of articles it contains, you may find that other Wikipedias sometimes contain more
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Try to get your spelling right. Knowledge (XXG) does not yet contain a spell checker, but you can write and spell-check your article first in a word processor or text editor (which is a lot more comfortable than the
Knowledge (XXG) text-box anyway) and then paste it into said text-box. Another option
1973:
If you are doing in-depth research on a complex or controversial subject, you should obtain relevant books in addition to articles. If the subject is of historical interest, you may have to visit a library to obtain articles that were published before 1980, since few online databases contain such old
2222:
You are encouraged to ask for feedback about the quality of an article at any time. Ask your fellow editors for their opinions, list outstanding issues, and areas to improve on article talk pages, get other editors involved. Networking to identify like-minded
Wikipedians is one of the most important
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sections. The most useful and accurate material that you have found with your
Internet research might make good links for a reader, too. In addition, sometimes a standard work is mentioned repeatedly in connection with your topic. Mention it, with its author and publication date. Even better, obtain
1977:
To find books or periodicals stored as bound volumes, the best place to start is with the catalog of your local public library. If you have searched the catalogs of several local libraries without success, try searching library "union" catalogs. With one search in a union catalog, it is possible to
1883:
database providers under which library users with current library cards can connect free to the databases from their home computers—that is, the users do not need to be physically present in the library. Check with your local public or academic library to find out to which databases it subscribes,
2026:
Remember that, although you will be familiar with the subject you are writing about, readers of
Knowledge (XXG) may not be, so it is important to establish the context of your article's subject early on. For instance, if you are writing an article about a sports event you should mention the sport
2018:
Start your article with a concise lead section or introduction defining the topic and mentioning the most important points. The reader should be able to get a good overview by only reading the lead, which should be between one and four paragraphs long, depending on the length of the article. See
2181:
to refine the topic, ask for their confirmations, note their doubts: it is usually interesting to discover that, perhaps from the other side of the planet, after a while, some other contributors can check other sources, or propose different interpretations. The composition of a commonly agreed
2209:
your article may need, for instance, redirects for other capitalizations of your article title, abbreviations, plural versions, alternative spellings or common misspellings. This helps people find your article and may even help you find a related, already-written article. You can also create
1908:
has complete text of articles from several hundred scholarly journals from their beginning to approximately five years ago. It is operated by a consortium of universities. They include most of the "high prestige" journals in the humanities, social sciences, and natural
2108:
is an extension (such as ieSpell for
Internet Explorer or SpellBound for Mozilla and old versions of Firefox – Firefox 2 and up feature built-in spell checking) that can be installed on your web browser and used as a spell checker in text boxes.
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for the format we use to produce links, emphasize text, lists, headlines etc. Make sure to link to other relevant
Knowledge (XXG) articles. In addition, where appropriate, add links in other articles back to your article.
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can bring up, and reading the relevant articles from other encyclopedias, to form an idea of what topics should be covered, in what depth, to achieve a comprehensive summary coverage. The following sites may help you:
2141:
At the end, you should list the references you used and the best available external links about the topic. These references are what will allow
Knowledge (XXG) to be the most trusted, reliable resource it can be.
2096:
It is often a good idea to separate the major sections of your articles with section headlines. For many topics, a history section is very appropriate, outlining how thinking about the concept evolved over time.
2119:(when available), look for analogies and eventual comparisons to propose. Be objective: avoid personal comments (or turn them into general statements, but only when they coincide), do not use personal forms (
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Once a stub has real content, it is a real article and the article's stub template(s) can be removed. The vast majority of articles fall into this category. They may have weaknesses, so you are encouraged to
1902:
Full academic version (Academic Search
Premier) has full text of millions of articles from over 4,600 sources. Full public library version (MasterFILE Premier) has full-text coverage of about 2,100 sources.
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1950:– Full version (ProQuest 5000) has full text of millions of articles from 7,400 sources as far back as 1971. The ProQuest Historical Newspapers database has images in PDF format of all issues of the
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into the next stage. Skipping stages is not just permissible—it is, in fact, recommended! The following categories should give you an idea of how articles typically grow on
Knowledge (XXG).
2223:(and enjoyable) aspects of the project. It is best to have a reasonably well-developed article before you do this so that those giving feedback have something substantial to analyze.
1860:
online peer-reviewed articles; note that the free articles' entries are quickly identifiable for having a "View as HTML" link in the result page. Other search engines for scholarly
473:
1823:
which ideally should include books or peer-reviewed journal articles. Consider visiting a university or public library to identify and study the best sources. Consider searching
1930:– OneFile database has full text of about 90 million articles from 1980 to the present. Widely available at academic and public libraries throughout North America. Operated by
1475:
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to find out what related material we already have. That way, you discover what already exists and can later create good links to and from other relevant articles.
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1435:". Stubs are very short articles—generally just a few sentences. These are the "ugly ducklings" of Knowledge (XXG). With effort, they can mature into "swans".
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on creating new articles to get an idea of what you should consider—such matters as the scope, format, references, and NPOV in a Knowledge (XXG) article.
60:; rather, its purpose is to explain certain aspects of Knowledge (XXG)'s norms, customs, technicalities, or practices. It may reflect differing levels of
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Article quality assessments are mainly performed by members of WikiProjects, who tag talk pages of articles. For beginning stub articles, the
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Only by citing the best sources in a field can a Knowledge (XXG) article be taken seriously by its critics. For more on this issue, see
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Academic libraries often subscribe to special interest databases with in-depth coverage, of which there are far too many to list here.
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319:
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determine which books are available on a subject in an entire county, state, province, or country. The largest union catalog is OCLC
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are what we believe to be the best articles in Knowledge (XXG). Before promotion to featured status, articles are reviewed at
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Featured articles present our best work to people who might not know about Knowledge (XXG). This is an excellent way to
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In addition, remember to create links to your article from related articles and subjects. This includes any
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Additional research is usually necessary to write a great article. A great article has to be verifiable and
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and whether they have a mechanism in place for remote access. Some high-end databases (like InfoTrac and
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published between 1851 and 2001. Most libraries offer access to only part of the huge ProQuest database.
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Factiva – Provides multiple language interfaces and multilingual content covering nearly 9,000 sources.
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Two separate newspaper databases, each including thousands of newspapers dating back hundreds of years.
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Featured articles are well polished, but there are usually small improvements that can still be made.
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1793:(those considered by consensus to be Knowledge (XXG)'s best articles). Your goal is then to meet the
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Some of Knowledge (XXG)'s articles are comprehensive right from the outset, but most start off as
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Other paywalled general interest databases that may be available through your local library are:
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To find stub templates appropriate for an article, see these WikiProject Stub sorting sub-pages.
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about how articles evolve, elements of good quality articles, and signs of poor quality articles.
2100:
If different people have different opinions about your topic, characterize that debate from the
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The article stub (or stubs) template is added after the last line of the article. For example:
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can help you with your English. You can post questions about English grammar and usage at the
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112:
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There are several ways to find and retrieve articles online, without having to leave home.
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Wikipedians are also eligible to apply for access to paywalled research databases via the
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that strikes your fancy, create an article! (If you've not created an article before, see
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239:
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As an article is improved in quality it goes through stages of development. Here is an
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redirects from related subjects or subtopics which do not yet have their own articles (
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was a domestic rugby league competition in New Caledonia that ran between 1994 and 1996
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interpretation is the most important ingredient of a serious Knowledge (XXG) article.
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for practical help on drawing diagrams and modifying images, or make a request on the
1982:, which claims to have worldwide coverage, though most of its member libraries are in
2386:
2266:—Tracing the evolution and evaluating the quality of articles (Wikimedia Foundation).
2166:. The sizing of images and other issues concerning images in articles are set out in
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to correct mistakes or update information when you see an opportunity. No article is
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them and, where you have the knowledge or do the necessary research, to add content.
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This page describes the stages in the life of an article and lists the ways in which
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1669:. Wikipedians tend to be proud of featured articles to which they have contributed.
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2138:, such as "passed away" for "died", or "made love" for "had sexual intercourse".
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for compelling prose, accuracy, neutrality, and completeness, according to our
1358:, so you are sure there has not been an article on the subject; if there is, a
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One way to get a good article is to bounce it back and forth between several
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You just publish it without drafting (skip if you went via "Draft accepted")
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1888:) even carry scanned versions of articles as they were originally printed.
1684:. The article could also receive the distinction of being featured on the
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Once an article is certified as featured, it joins an exclusive group of
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parameter is added to the article's WikiProject banner on the talk page.
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If you do not have the time to write a full article, consider writing a "
1346:
Every article starts with an idea in the mind of a contributor. You can
1373:
For more suggestions on how to think of subjects to contribute on, see
1195:
Nice editors add sources, expand the article, and make it even better!
1112:
2269:
Jasmine Roberts — Writing for Strategic Communication Industries,
1905:
1899:
2280:
2162:. Please do not link to images on other servers; instead use the
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was a domestic league competition that ran between 1994 and 1996
2284:
1837:
1789:, Knowledge (XXG) article that deserves to be listed among our
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Finish the article with a good relevant image or graphic. See
31:
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which is showcased across various community pages, including
1653:
This star symbolizes the featured content on Knowledge (XXG).
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Consider using a Wizard to help you create articles. See the
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1832:
2202:
a copy and use it to check the material in the article.
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from one of the external resources mentioned above. See
1776:
1556:
Good ways to find and improve developing articles (see
1532:
1525:
90:
83:
2158:. Many copyright-free image sources are listed at our
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Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Stub sorting/List of stubs
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Knowledge (XXG):Pages needing translation into English
1895:. Partners with the Knowledge (XXG) Library include:
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and, if relevant, any national details: rather than
1469:
Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Stub sorting/Stub types
628:(Summary) The Journey of a Knowledge (XXG) Article
1872:. For a host of free, searchable newspapers, see
1570:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Guild of Copy Editors
1699:, both of which help Knowledge (XXG) immensely.
1628:How to get great articles up to featured quality
1438:Good ways to find stub articles and grow stubs:
2237:Knowledge (XXG):Contributing to Knowledge (XXG)
2111:Keep the article in an encyclopedic style: add
2073:goalkeeper who joined Fulchester United in 2006
1580:Category:Knowledge (XXG) pages with to-do lists
1375:Knowledge (XXG):Contributing to Knowledge (XXG)
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1092:You may lose motivation to work on the article
710:An article on the topic exists already. Make a
2021:Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style (lead section)
1874:Knowledge (XXG):Free English newspaper sources
1557:
924:You keep on submitting it and you get blocked
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2227:is the normal route for evaluating articles.
1996:If you are creating a brand-new article (see
1856:is an excellent source for finding sometimes-
1012:Draft declined, then edited and re-submitted
797:Putting it on your subpage or somewhere else
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16:"WP:DEV" redirects here. For other uses, see
8:
1757:Knowledge (XXG):Knowledge (XXG) in the media
1471:for more information on existing stub types.
2058:is a goalkeeper who joined the club in 2006
1934:(formerly Gale Group), a subsidiary of the
1785:Suppose you want to create a good, or even
1663:Knowledge (XXG):Featured article candidates
1639:Knowledge (XXG):Featured article candidates
1380:Before you start, it's helpful to read the
510:Check against the featured article criteria
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2129:Knowledge (XXG) language and grammar desk
1742:Knowledge (XXG):Featured article criteria
1249:It gets vandalized (could get protected)
1747:Good ways to display our best articles:
1722:Knowledge (XXG):Today's featured article
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58:Knowledge (XXG)'s policies or guidelines
2247:Knowledge (XXG):Build content to endure
2014:Knowledge (XXG):Writing better articles
1732:Knowledge (XXG):Featured article review
1622:Knowledge (XXG):What is a good article?
1605:Knowledge (XXG):Writing better articles
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1551:example of the evolution of an article
1391:Good ways to find articles to create:
734:An article on the topic doesn’t exist
1797:. Here is a guide to achieving this.
1478:for a compact list of all stub types.
1406:Knowledge (XXG):Articles for creation
7:
1879:Many libraries have agreements with
1737:What constitutes a featured article
1595:Knowledge (XXG):List of WikiProjects
1401:Knowledge (XXG):Most wanted articles
1585:Category:Articles needing attention
515:Get creative feedback (Peer review)
2039:it would be more helpful to write
1998:Knowledge (XXG):Your first article
1396:Knowledge (XXG):Requested articles
14:
2393:Knowledge (XXG) information pages
1727:Knowledge (XXG):Featured articles
1362:may be appropriate. If you see a
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520:Apply for featured article status
2252:Knowledge (XXG):Picture tutorial
1350:about anything, as long as they
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1805:Once you have decided on an
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890:Article gets speedy deleted
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2363:Comprehensive style guide
2345:A checklist of components
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1795:featured article criteria
1763:How to develop an article
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1712:Featured Article Review
1693:recruit new Wikipedians
1565:Knowledge (XXG):Cleanup
1560:for more information):
1354:. It is a good idea to
1226:Doesn’t get vandalized
402:Directories and indexes
131:Policies and guidelines
18:m:System administrators
2398:Knowledge (XXG) how-to
2372:A collection of advice
1969:Finding relevant books
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1483:Article stub placement
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579:and ideally grow into
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567:A PDF brochure by the
2275:Ohio State University
2102:Neutral point of view
1704:Do not ever be afraid
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1172:Might get deleted by
951:Submitted as a draft
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181:About Knowledge (XXG)
2403:Knowledge (XXG) tips
1913:Newspaperarchive.com
1500:Talk page stub class
594:Stages of an article
583:articles with time.
569:Wikimedia Foundation
54:encyclopedic article
2350:Article development
2341:The perfect article
2323:Starting an article
2271:Body of the article
2193:Do not neglect the
2168:the Manual of Style
2134:Try to avoid using
2051:Again, rather than
1936:Thomson Corporation
1512:Developing articles
1494:(second blank line)
505:Develop the article
500:Start a new article
310:Article development
228:Starting an article
218:Creating an account
161:Simple style manual
2152:Graphics tutorials
2002:naming conventions
1827:, looking at what
1807:encyclopedic topic
1717:Featured articles
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1492:(first blank line)
1458:Special:Shortpages
1453:Special:Randompage
1368:Your First Article
1326:Uncreated articles
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151:Dispute resolution
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2146:Finishing touches
2093:for the details.
1864:articles include
1791:featured articles
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2056:Bobby the Salmon
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2079:editing help
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1533:WP:EXPANDART
1526:WP:ARTEXPAND
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1299:and beyond!
1297:good article
587:
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387:WikiProjects
309:
280:Copying text
208:How-to pages
43:
26:
2218:Peer review
2175:Wikipedians
2164:upload page
2156:Graphic Lab
1862:open access
1695:and obtain
1295:To being a
1116:Unpublished
380:Task Center
375:Maintenance
245:Referencing
223:How to edit
44:This is an
2387:Categories
2277:Pressbooks
2199:References
2179:Talk pages
2177:. Use the
2136:euphemisms
2117:provenance
2091:Copyrights
2012:See also:
1974:articles.
1942:LexisNexis
1777:WP:DEVELOP
1506:class=Stub
1382:guidelines
1341:Thank you.
417:Help index
285:Style tips
240:Talk pages
2207:redirects
2113:etymology
1909:sciences.
1881:paywalled
1697:donations
1686:main page
1518:Shortcuts
1496:{{stub}}
1386:tutorials
1121:Published
447:Help desk
365:Dashboard
350:Community
275:Templates
91:WP:ARTDEV
76:Shortcuts
62:consensus
2231:See also
2077:See our
2071:football
1980:WorldCat
1948:ProQuest
1928:Infotrac
1886:ProQuest
1831:such as
1801:Research
1769:Shortcut
1544:copyedit
1364:red link
1360:redirect
777:Writing
754:Finding
712:redirect
442:Teahouse
290:Wikitext
255:Deletion
250:Renaming
198:Tutorial
113:Tutorial
2123:). The
2045:Red Cup
2033:Red Cup
2008:Writing
1787:perfect
1708:perfect
1678:Portals
320:Layouts
66:vetting
2332:Layout
1833:Google
1809:, use
637:Legend
370:Essays
360:Portal
270:Tables
84:WP:DEV
2069:is a
1906:JSTOR
1900:EBSCO
1558:below
1427:Stubs
577:stubs
422:Tools
265:Lists
260:Media
2197:and
2062:say
2043:The
2031:The
1915:and
1870:BASE
1868:and
1866:CORE
1858:free
1840:and
1818:cite
1680:and
1657:The
1474:See
1467:See
1433:stub
1384:and
412:FAQs
64:and
20:and
2214:).
2115:or
1370:.)
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