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in-depth articles, especially if the subject is of local importance. Even if your foreign language skills are not particularly developed, you may still glean important information from those articles, like birth dates, statistics, bibliographies, or the names of persons that are linked on the page. If you have incorporated the additional information, please also make the appropriate
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1955:– Full version (mostly accessed by lawyers and journalists) has millions of full-text articles (from magazines, journals, and newspapers), court opinions, statutes, treatises, transcripts, public records, and more. Academic version (available at many universities) offers large subsets of the legal and news databases.
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It may also be useful to look up your subject in one of the foreign-language
Wikipedias, such as the German or French editions. While the English-language Knowledge (XXG) is the biggest one in terms of the total number of articles it contains, you may find that other Wikipedias sometimes contain more
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Try to get your spelling right. Knowledge (XXG) does not yet contain a spell checker, but you can write and spell-check your article first in a word processor or text editor (which is a lot more comfortable than the
Knowledge (XXG) text-box anyway) and then paste it into said text-box. Another option
1984:
If you are doing in-depth research on a complex or controversial subject, you should obtain relevant books in addition to articles. If the subject is of historical interest, you may have to visit a library to obtain articles that were published before 1980, since few online databases contain such old
2233:
You are encouraged to ask for feedback about the quality of an article at any time. Ask your fellow editors for their opinions, list outstanding issues, and areas to improve on article talk pages, get other editors involved. Networking to identify like-minded
Wikipedians is one of the most important
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sections. The most useful and accurate material that you have found with your
Internet research might make good links for a reader, too. In addition, sometimes a standard work is mentioned repeatedly in connection with your topic. Mention it, with its author and publication date. Even better, obtain
1988:
To find books or periodicals stored as bound volumes, the best place to start is with the catalog of your local public library. If you have searched the catalogs of several local libraries without success, try searching library "union" catalogs. With one search in a union catalog, it is possible to
1894:
database providers under which library users with current library cards can connect free to the databases from their home computers—that is, the users do not need to be physically present in the library. Check with your local public or academic library to find out to which databases it subscribes,
2037:
Remember that, although you will be familiar with the subject you are writing about, readers of
Knowledge (XXG) may not be, so it is important to establish the context of your article's subject early on. For instance, if you are writing an article about a sports event you should mention the sport
2029:
Start your article with a concise lead section or introduction defining the topic and mentioning the most important points. The reader should be able to get a good overview by only reading the lead, which should be between one and four paragraphs long, depending on the length of the article. See
2192:
to refine the topic, ask for their confirmations, note their doubts: it is usually interesting to discover that, perhaps from the other side of the planet, after a while, some other contributors can check other sources, or propose different interpretations. The composition of a commonly agreed
2220:
your article may need, for instance, redirects for other capitalizations of your article title, abbreviations, plural versions, alternative spellings or common misspellings. This helps people find your article and may even help you find a related, already-written article. You can also create
1919:
has complete text of articles from several hundred scholarly journals from their beginning to approximately five years ago. It is operated by a consortium of universities. They include most of the "high prestige" journals in the humanities, social sciences, and natural
2119:
is an extension (such as ieSpell for
Internet Explorer or SpellBound for Mozilla and old versions of Firefox – Firefox 2 and up feature built-in spell checking) that can be installed on your web browser and used as a spell checker in text boxes.
2092:
for the format we use to produce links, emphasize text, lists, headlines etc. Make sure to link to other relevant
Knowledge (XXG) articles. In addition, where appropriate, add links in other articles back to your article.
1846:
can bring up, and reading the relevant articles from other encyclopedias, to form an idea of what topics should be covered, in what depth, to achieve a comprehensive summary coverage. The following sites may help you:
2152:
At the end, you should list the references you used and the best available external links about the topic. These references are what will allow
Knowledge (XXG) to be the most trusted, reliable resource it can be.
2107:
It is often a good idea to separate the major sections of your articles with section headlines. For many topics, a history section is very appropriate, outlining how thinking about the concept evolved over time.
2130:(when available), look for analogies and eventual comparisons to propose. Be objective: avoid personal comments (or turn them into general statements, but only when they coincide), do not use personal forms (
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Once a stub has real content, it is a real article and the article's stub template(s) can be removed. The vast majority of articles fall into this category. They may have weaknesses, so you are encouraged to
1913:
Full academic version (Academic Search
Premier) has full text of millions of articles from over 4,600 sources. Full public library version (MasterFILE Premier) has full-text coverage of about 2,100 sources.
629:
1961:– Full version (ProQuest 5000) has full text of millions of articles from 7,400 sources as far back as 1971. The ProQuest Historical Newspapers database has images in PDF format of all issues of the
601:
into the next stage. Skipping stages is not just permissible—it is, in fact, recommended! The following categories should give you an idea of how articles typically grow on
Knowledge (XXG).
2234:(and enjoyable) aspects of the project. It is best to have a reasonably well-developed article before you do this so that those giving feedback have something substantial to analyze.
1871:
online peer-reviewed articles; note that the free articles' entries are quickly identifiable for having a "View as HTML" link in the result page. Other search engines for scholarly
484:
1834:
which ideally should include books or peer-reviewed journal articles. Consider visiting a university or public library to identify and study the best sources. Consider searching
1941:– OneFile database has full text of about 90 million articles from 1980 to the present. Widely available at academic and public libraries throughout North America. Operated by
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to find out what related material we already have. That way, you discover what already exists and can later create good links to and from other relevant articles.
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1446:". Stubs are very short articles—generally just a few sentences. These are the "ugly ducklings" of Knowledge (XXG). With effort, they can mature into "swans".
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on creating new articles to get an idea of what you should consider—such matters as the scope, format, references, and NPOV in a Knowledge (XXG) article.
71:; rather, its purpose is to explain certain aspects of Knowledge (XXG)'s norms, customs, technicalities, or practices. It may reflect differing levels of
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Article quality assessments are mainly performed by members of WikiProjects, who tag talk pages of articles. For beginning stub articles, the
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Only by citing the best sources in a field can a Knowledge (XXG) article be taken seriously by its critics. For more on this issue, see
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Academic libraries often subscribe to special interest databases with in-depth coverage, of which there are far too many to list here.
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determine which books are available on a subject in an entire county, state, province, or country. The largest union catalog is OCLC
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are what we believe to be the best articles in Knowledge (XXG). Before promotion to featured status, articles are reviewed at
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Featured articles present our best work to people who might not know about Knowledge (XXG). This is an excellent way to
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In addition, remember to create links to your article from related articles and subjects. This includes any
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Additional research is usually necessary to write a great article. A great article has to be verifiable and
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and whether they have a mechanism in place for remote access. Some high-end databases (like InfoTrac and
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published between 1851 and 2001. Most libraries offer access to only part of the huge ProQuest database.
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Factiva – Provides multiple language interfaces and multilingual content covering nearly 9,000 sources.
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Two separate newspaper databases, each including thousands of newspapers dating back hundreds of years.
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Featured articles are well polished, but there are usually small improvements that can still be made.
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1804:(those considered by consensus to be Knowledge (XXG)'s best articles). Your goal is then to meet the
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Some of Knowledge (XXG)'s articles are comprehensive right from the outset, but most start off as
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Other paywalled general interest databases that may be available through your local library are:
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To find stub templates appropriate for an article, see these WikiProject Stub sorting sub-pages.
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about how articles evolve, elements of good quality articles, and signs of poor quality articles.
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If different people have different opinions about your topic, characterize that debate from the
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The article stub (or stubs) template is added after the last line of the article. For example:
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can help you with your English. You can post questions about English grammar and usage at the
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There are several ways to find and retrieve articles online, without having to leave home.
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Wikipedians are also eligible to apply for access to paywalled research databases via the
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that strikes your fancy, create an article! (If you've not created an article before, see
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As an article is improved in quality it goes through stages of development. Here is an
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redirects from related subjects or subtopics which do not yet have their own articles (
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was a domestic rugby league competition in New Caledonia that ran between 1994 and 1996
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interpretation is the most important ingredient of a serious Knowledge (XXG) article.
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for practical help on drawing diagrams and modifying images, or make a request on the
1993:, which claims to have worldwide coverage, though most of its member libraries are in
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2277:—Tracing the evolution and evaluating the quality of articles (Wikimedia Foundation).
2177:. The sizing of images and other issues concerning images in articles are set out in
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to correct mistakes or update information when you see an opportunity. No article is
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them and, where you have the knowledge or do the necessary research, to add content.
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This page describes the stages in the life of an article and lists the ways in which
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1680:. Wikipedians tend to be proud of featured articles to which they have contributed.
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for compelling prose, accuracy, neutrality, and completeness, according to our
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One way to get a good article is to bounce it back and forth between several
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You just publish it without drafting (skip if you went via "Draft accepted")
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1899:) even carry scanned versions of articles as they were originally printed.
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Once an article is certified as featured, it joins an exclusive group of
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parameter is added to the article's WikiProject banner on the talk page.
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If you do not have the time to write a full article, consider writing a "
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Every article starts with an idea in the mind of a contributor. You can
1384:
For more suggestions on how to think of subjects to contribute on, see
1206:
Nice editors add sources, expand the article, and make it even better!
1123:
2280:
Jasmine Roberts — Writing for Strategic Communication Industries,
1916:
1910:
2291:
2173:. Please do not link to images on other servers; instead use the
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was a domestic league competition that ran between 1994 and 1996
2295:
1848:
1800:, Knowledge (XXG) article that deserves to be listed among our
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Finish the article with a good relevant image or graphic. See
42:
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which is showcased across various community pages, including
1664:
This star symbolizes the featured content on Knowledge (XXG).
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Consider using a Wizard to help you create articles. See the
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1843:
2213:
a copy and use it to check the material in the article.
2100:
from one of the external resources mentioned above. See
1787:
1567:
Good ways to find and improve developing articles (see
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101:
94:
2169:. Many copyright-free image sources are listed at our
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Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Stub sorting/List of stubs
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Knowledge (XXG):Pages needing translation into English
1906:. Partners with the Knowledge (XXG) Library include:
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and, if relevant, any national details: rather than
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Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Stub sorting/Stub types
639:(Summary) The Journey of a Knowledge (XXG) Article
1883:. For a host of free, searchable newspapers, see
1581:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Guild of Copy Editors
1710:, both of which help Knowledge (XXG) immensely.
1639:How to get great articles up to featured quality
1449:Good ways to find stub articles and grow stubs:
2248:Knowledge (XXG):Contributing to Knowledge (XXG)
2122:Keep the article in an encyclopedic style: add
2084:goalkeeper who joined Fulchester United in 2006
1591:Category:Knowledge (XXG) pages with to-do lists
1386:Knowledge (XXG):Contributing to Knowledge (XXG)
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1103:You may lose motivation to work on the article
721:An article on the topic exists already. Make a
2032:Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style (lead section)
1885:Knowledge (XXG):Free English newspaper sources
1568:
935:You keep on submitting it and you get blocked
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2238:is the normal route for evaluating articles.
2007:If you are creating a brand-new article (see
1867:is an excellent source for finding sometimes-
1023:Draft declined, then edited and re-submitted
808:Putting it on your subpage or somewhere else
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27:"WP:DEV" redirects here. For other uses, see
8:
1768:Knowledge (XXG):Knowledge (XXG) in the media
1482:for more information on existing stub types.
2069:is a goalkeeper who joined the club in 2006
1945:(formerly Gale Group), a subsidiary of the
1796:Suppose you want to create a good, or even
1674:Knowledge (XXG):Featured article candidates
1650:Knowledge (XXG):Featured article candidates
1391:Before you start, it's helpful to read the
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1753:Knowledge (XXG):Featured article criteria
1260:It gets vandalized (could get protected)
1758:Good ways to display our best articles:
1733:Knowledge (XXG):Today's featured article
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69:Knowledge (XXG)'s policies or guidelines
2258:Knowledge (XXG):Build content to endure
2025:Knowledge (XXG):Writing better articles
1743:Knowledge (XXG):Featured article review
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745:An article on the topic doesn’t exist
1808:. Here is a guide to achieving this.
1489:for a compact list of all stub types.
1417:Knowledge (XXG):Articles for creation
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1890:Many libraries have agreements with
1748:What constitutes a featured article
1606:Knowledge (XXG):List of WikiProjects
1412:Knowledge (XXG):Most wanted articles
1596:Category:Articles needing attention
526:Get creative feedback (Peer review)
2050:it would be more helpful to write
2009:Knowledge (XXG):Your first article
1407:Knowledge (XXG):Requested articles
25:
2404:Knowledge (XXG) information pages
1738:Knowledge (XXG):Featured articles
1373:may be appropriate. If you see a
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531:Apply for featured article status
2263:Knowledge (XXG):Picture tutorial
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1806:featured article criteria
1774:How to develop an article
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1704:recruit new Wikipedians
1576:Knowledge (XXG):Cleanup
1571:for more information):
1365:. It is a good idea to
1237:Doesn’t get vandalized
413:Directories and indexes
142:Policies and guidelines
29:m:System administrators
18:Knowledge (XXG):DEVELOP
2409:Knowledge (XXG) how-to
2383:A collection of advice
1980:Finding relevant books
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590:and ideally grow into
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2113:Neutral point of view
1715:Do not ever be afraid
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1183:Might get deleted by
962:Submitted as a draft
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192:About Knowledge (XXG)
2414:Knowledge (XXG) tips
1924:Newspaperarchive.com
1511:Talk page stub class
605:Stages of an article
594:articles with time.
580:Wikimedia Foundation
65:encyclopedic article
2361:Article development
2352:The perfect article
2334:Starting an article
2282:Body of the article
2204:Do not neglect the
2179:the Manual of Style
2145:Try to avoid using
2062:Again, rather than
1947:Thomson Corporation
1523:Developing articles
1505:(second blank line)
516:Develop the article
511:Start a new article
321:Article development
239:Starting an article
229:Creating an account
172:Simple style manual
2163:Graphics tutorials
2013:naming conventions
1838:, looking at what
1818:encyclopedic topic
1728:Featured articles
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1469:Special:Shortpages
1464:Special:Randompage
1379:Your First Article
1337:Uncreated articles
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162:Dispute resolution
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2157:Finishing touches
2104:for the details.
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1537:WP:ARTEXPAND
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1310:and beyond!
1308:good article
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398:WikiProjects
320:
291:Copying text
219:How-to pages
54:
37:
2229:Peer review
2186:Wikipedians
2175:upload page
2167:Graphic Lab
1873:open access
1706:and obtain
1306:To being a
1127:Unpublished
391:Task Center
386:Maintenance
256:Referencing
234:How to edit
55:This is an
2398:Categories
2288:Pressbooks
2210:References
2190:Talk pages
2188:. Use the
2147:euphemisms
2128:provenance
2102:Copyrights
2023:See also:
1985:articles.
1953:LexisNexis
1788:WP:DEVELOP
1517:class=Stub
1393:guidelines
1352:Thank you.
428:Help index
296:Style tips
251:Talk pages
2218:redirects
2124:etymology
1920:sciences.
1892:paywalled
1708:donations
1697:main page
1529:Shortcuts
1507:{{stub}}
1397:tutorials
1132:Published
458:Help desk
376:Dashboard
361:Community
286:Templates
102:WP:ARTDEV
87:Shortcuts
73:consensus
2242:See also
2088:See our
2082:football
1991:WorldCat
1959:ProQuest
1939:Infotrac
1897:ProQuest
1842:such as
1812:Research
1780:Shortcut
1555:copyedit
1375:red link
1371:redirect
788:Writing
765:Finding
723:redirect
453:Teahouse
301:Wikitext
266:Deletion
261:Renaming
209:Tutorial
124:Tutorial
2134:). The
2056:Red Cup
2044:Red Cup
2019:Writing
1798:perfect
1719:perfect
1689:Portals
331:Layouts
77:vetting
2343:Layout
1844:Google
1820:, use
648:Legend
381:Essays
371:Portal
281:Tables
95:WP:DEV
2080:is a
1917:JSTOR
1911:EBSCO
1569:below
1438:Stubs
588:stubs
433:Tools
276:Lists
271:Media
2208:and
2073:say
2054:The
2042:The
1926:and
1881:BASE
1879:and
1877:CORE
1869:free
1851:and
1829:cite
1691:and
1668:The
1485:See
1478:See
1444:stub
1395:and
423:FAQs
75:and
31:and
2225:).
2126:or
1381:.)
2400::
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2181:.
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122:(
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