Knowledge (XXG)

Help:List-defined references

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reference's source code from its first appearance to the reflist is a minor change. Additionally, these citations are more likely to need reviewing or modification, because they are more important to the article and contain more details, and making them easier to find and modify can be very helpful. Finally, this also maintains source integrity if the first instance of the reference changes, as noted above.
32: 1551:. Another overhead of this approach is that the list at the end of the article must be organised so that they can be found easily by an editor—most likely arranged alphabetically in the edit window by refname as this is most likely to retain source integrity and usefulness, even if the sections of the text are changed. 1530:
A drawback of the approach is that these references can be harder to insert into the source, because they are separated from the text. The editor must either open the entire document to see the source for both the text and the reference list, or alternatively use a two-step procedure, first entering
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While it is often tidier to remove all citations from the source text, an acceptable compromise (especially for small articles) could be to only use LDR for citations used multiple times. This is because they already use the refname code so that they can be in multiple places—a simple move of the
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The LDR method removes any citation details or notes that could disrupt the edit window while editing the body of the text, which is especially useful if they are vertical or otherwise span multiple lines. Additionally, this centralised reference list section can be opened by itself if any of the
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allows you to automatically separate citations from the edit window, and temporarily collect them in a separated "inline citation" window. In this format the citations can be manually inserted into the reference list. This can have some of the benefits of permanent LDRs where their use is not
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to differentiate various kinds of footnotes, is available regardless of whether list-defined or in-line footnotes are used. For example, in both cases one can designate notes as a group called "Note", and separate them from simple citations by using the in-line label
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List-defined references and references defined in the body of the article may be mixed on a page—this is not a technical limitation of the template. However, this may be confusing to ongoing editors, and should be normalized to a single style, per
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tag unless it is manually emptied. As outlined on its page and below, it has an automatic conversion script that can process existing citations into a reference list by itself, but it is uncertain whether it can do this migration while editing.
659:. Any name complying with the technical limitations above may be used; however, they should be consistent so that they can be edited by other users. A well-used practice is author-date, author-title or publication-date. 1691:
You can re-use existing list-defined references in VisualEditor for additional citations, but you cannot add or remove list-defined references. It also does not support modifying list-defined references inside
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Another misconception is that there is an "either-or" choice between use of list-defined footnotes and in-line footnotes, and that all citations in an article must follow only one of the styles. In fact,
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Names must be unique. You may not use the same name to define different groups or footnotes. Try to avoid picking a name that someone else is likely to choose for a new citation, such as
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citation entries need modification, which can be especially helpful if attempting to modify a reference that is used multiple times—avoiding any need to search the entire source for it.
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practical or is against consensus. However, please note that before saving the page, any contents of this window will be replaced into the main text source at the first matching
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Names should have semantic value, so that they can be more easily distinguished from each other by human editors who are looking at the wikitext. This means that ref names like
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is located. This is primarily a change in the source code and does not affect the display of the article to a reader. The primary effects are for editors, as described below.
2003: 1628:. Although use of both systems in the same article might appear confusing or undesirable, it is a fact that the two systems can be mixed indiscriminately with the template 1798: 1515:
The use of list-defined references means that while editing, the references and footnotes formatted this way are all inserted in the source section where the template
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Reference lists may be ordered in any manner (e.g. alphabetical by reference name), but the generated list will be in the order in which the references are invoked.
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You may optionally provide reference names even when the reference name is not required. This makes later re-use of the sourced reference easier.
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Reference styles may be converted from or to list-defined references, following the same rules for other major changes to citation style, at
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One of these is that the creation of separated footnote lists requires the use of list-defined footnotes. However, using a
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the named ref tag or the reflist code can cause issues, as an entries must be defined and used in both for a LDR to work.
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in the main text and then opening the reference listing section to enter the source or footnote as
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where each individual reference has a unique name and is defined within the reference list markup:
2093: 2054: 1715:– this template reduces the text needed to define and invoke named refs, <ref name="foo"/: --> 1592:(The complete explanation of the use of group names is illustrated in the second example in the 1722:– this optional template can be used to indicate to editors and tools that an article uses LDRs 2126: 1874: 108:. This guide assumes you are familiar with the tools explained there, such as the features of 2115: 2049: 1942: 1696: 1654: 1646: 1631: 1603: 1518: 576: 427: 226: 2104: 623: 47:
It explains concepts or processes used by the Knowledge (XXG) community. It is not one of
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and numerals. If spaces are used, the following technical restrictions become relevant:
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Please consider keeping reference names short, simple, and restricted to the standard
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to help diagnose and solve these errors. Alternatively, check your code against the
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Sometimes referencing can produce errors that show up in red text. Please refer to
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Quotation marks are preferred but optional if the only characters used are letters
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Alternatively, references can be defined using the 'referencing' wrapper template
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The Sun is pretty big. But the Moon is not so big. The Sun is also quite hot.
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The Sun is pretty big. But the Moon is not so big. The Sun is also quite hot.
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The quote marks must be the standard, straight, double quotation marks (
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But Miller points out that the Sun is not as large as some other stars.
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But Miller points out that the Sun is not as large as some other stars.
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is entirely compatible with the use of in-line footnotes in the form
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Finally, there are some misconceptions about list-defined footnotes:
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LDR makes viewing and editing references more difficult for users of
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as a way to make referencing articles easier and with less clutter.
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Names are case-sensitive. Please do not use raNdOM capitalization.
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Historically the Moon was not always considered to be large.
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Historically the Moon was not always considered to be large.
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be purely numeric; the software will accept something like
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List-defined references with explanatory footnotes using
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Names for footnotes and groups must follow these rules:
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Each reference is invoked in the body of the text using
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That is, all printable ASCII characters except 1792: 1435:The Moon goes by other names, such as Selena. 1247:The Moon goes by other names, such as Selena. 8: 664:any unused references will generate an error 1799: 1785: 1777: 1671:Help:Converting between references formats 1655:Template:Reflist § List-defined references 657:All list-defined references must be named 49:Knowledge (XXG)'s policies or guidelines 1753: 1455: 1419: 944: 1653:above or the reflist documentation at 1560:User:PleaseStand/References segregator 336: 332: 328: 324: 2060:Converting between references formats 618:) or a double straight quote symbol ( 7: 1720:Template:Use list-defined references 1683:has an option to assist conversion. 671:tags must have defining information. 622:), which may however be included by 51:, and may reflect varying levels of 2075:Guidance on source reviewing at FAC 2014:Referencing without using templates 2009:Referencing with citation templates 1617: 1609: 1585: 1564: 1540: 1532: 667: 606:Inclusion of any other characters, 517: 114: 109: 100:This page is a continuation from a 1681:User:PleaseStand/segregate-refs.js 25: 1558:Additionally, a user-made script 323:(for brevity the parameter names 30: 2065:Reference display customization 1: 1832:Biographies of living persons 1650: 1593: 1492:, Random House, 2005, p. 334. 1392:, Random House, 2005, p. 334. 994:, Random House, 2005, p. 334. 917:, Random House, 2005, p. 334. 596:!$ %&()*,-.:;<@^_`{|}~ 95:implemented in September 2009 557:are preferred to names like 2195:Knowledge (XXG) editor help 2070:References and page numbers 2004:Introduction to referencing 1808:Knowledge (XXG) referencing 1702:, only <references/: --> 1586:<ref group="Note" name=" 518:<ref name="name1" /: --> 2211: 2019:Referencing dos and don'ts 1668: 1154:The Sun is also quite hot. 1019:a separate reference group 762:The Sun is also quite hot. 60: 2164:Parenthetical referencing 1999:Citations quick reference 1966:Punctuation and footnotes 1763:edit your user JavaScript 1760:Copy the following code, 1594:section immediately above 1029: 1026: 968:, MacMillan, 2005, p 623. 853:, MacMillan, 2005, p 623. 696: 693: 1918:Citation Style Vancouver 1036: 703: 435: 341: 234: 142: 2146:Knowledge (XXG) Library 1815:Policies and guidelines 1479:, 2006, Penguin, p. 46. 1360:, 2006, Penguin, p. 46. 981:, 2006, Penguin, p. 46. 885:, 2006, Penguin, p. 46. 668:<ref name="ABC": --> 91:List-defined references 2185:Knowledge (XXG) how-to 2084:Template documentation 2024:Citing Knowledge (XXG) 1466:, Oxford, 2005, p. 23. 1328:, Oxford, 2005, p. 23. 1038:The Sun is pretty big. 955:, Oxford, 2005, p. 23. 821:, Oxford, 2005, p. 23. 705:The Sun is pretty big. 331:can be abbreviated to 18:Knowledge (XXG):LDRHOW 1741:if there is consensus 1657:. Notably, errors at 1854:Scientific citations 1827:No original research 851:''The Solar System'' 39:This help page is a 1971:Shortened footnotes 1737:list-defined format 1726:Reference Organizer 1023: 2190:Footnote templates 1986:Help for beginners 1938:Citation templates 1890:Referencing styles 1015: 594:, and the symbols 541: 2172: 2171: 1976:Nesting footnotes 1880:Combining sources 1734: 1716:becomes {{r|foo}} 1508: 1507: 1010: 1009: 612:name="John Smith" 550:(purely numeric). 539: 88: 87: 16:(Redirected from 2202: 2131: 2125: 2120: 2114: 2109: 2103: 2098: 2092: 2040:Cite link labels 1953:Inline citations 1943:Reflist template 1913:Citation Style 2 1908:Citation Style 1 1837:Reliable sources 1801: 1794: 1787: 1778: 1771: 1770: 1758: 1728: 1701: 1695: 1647:Help:Cite errors 1635: 1627: 1615: 1607: 1591: 1570: 1550: 1538: 1522: 1493: 1486: 1480: 1473: 1467: 1460: 1445: 1442: 1436: 1433: 1427: 1424: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1391: 1390:''The Universe'' 1387: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1372: 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1751: 1749: 1746: 1745: 1744: 1723: 1717: 1708: 1705: 1688: 1685: 1666: 1663: 1642: 1639: 1638: 1637: 1623: 1619: 1618:<ref name=" 1611: 1597: 1587: 1566: 1565:<ref name=" 1546: 1542: 1541:<ref name=" 1534: 1533:<ref name=" 1512: 1509: 1506: 1505: 1503: 1500: 1499: 1495: 1494: 1481: 1468: 1454: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1446: 1437: 1428: 1418: 1417: 1414: 1410: 1408: 1289:==References== 1110:is not so big. 1037: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1028: 1012: 1008: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1001: 997: 996: 983: 970: 957: 943: 942: 939: 935: 933: 743:is not so big. 704: 702: 699: 698: 695: 688: 685: 684: 683: 680: 672: 662:Additionally, 660: 652: 649: 648: 647: 644: 643: 642: 635: 609: 604: 600:#"'/=<: --> 573: 562: 551: 536: 436: 434: 433: 342: 235: 233: 232: 143: 133: 130: 116: 113:tags, and the 106:Help:Footnotes 86: 85: 82: 81: 74: 66: 61: 58: 46: 45: 37: 35: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2207: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2182: 2180: 2165: 2162: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2153: 2147: 2144: 2143: 2141: 2137: 2128: 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1614:</ref: --> 1605: 1598: 1595: 1582: 1578: 1577: 1576: 1573: 1561: 1556: 1552: 1549:</ref: --> 1528: 1524: 1520: 1510: 1504: 1502: 1501: 1491: 1485: 1482: 1478: 1472: 1469: 1465: 1459: 1456: 1441: 1438: 1432: 1429: 1423: 1420: 1413: 1409: 1034: 1033: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1013: 1006: 1004: 1003: 993: 987: 984: 980: 974: 971: 967: 961: 958: 954: 948: 945: 938: 934: 701: 700: 692: 686: 681: 678: 673: 665: 661: 658: 655: 654: 650: 645: 636: 634:respectively. 625: 607: 605: 581: 580: 578: 574: 563: 555:"Nguyen 2010" 552: 537: 534: 533: 532: 529: 525: 429: 422: 421: 340: 319: 228: 221: 220: 141: 139: 131: 129: 127: 122: 115:<ref name= 107: 103: 98: 96: 92: 79: 75: 72: 68: 67: 64: 59: 54: 50: 44: 42: 36: 29: 28: 19: 1875:Find sources 1762: 1756: 1736: 1690: 1687:VisualEditor 1674: 1658: 1644: 1610:<ref: --> 1581:'group' name 1574: 1557: 1553: 1529: 1525: 1514: 1490:The Universe 1489: 1484: 1476: 1471: 1463: 1458: 1440: 1431: 1422: 1411: 1358:''The Moon'' 1082:But the Moon 1030:Renders as 1016: 1011: 992:The Universe 991: 986: 978: 973: 965: 960: 952: 947: 936: 883:''The Moon'' 724:But the Moon 697:Renders as 663: 656: 530: 515: 312: 135: 126:VisualEditor 123: 110:<ref: --> 99: 90: 89: 41:how-to guide 38: 2050:Cite errors 1669:Main page: 1511:Usage notes 1326:''The Sun'' 819:''The Sun'' 121:parameter. 2179:Categories 2156:Deprecated 1748:References 1713:Template:R 1677:WP:CITEVAR 1665:Converting 1451:References 677:WP:CITEVAR 651:Guidelines 632:&quot; 603:and space. 506:reference2 414:references 406:reference2 347:references 297:reference2 222:Or; using 213:references 199:reference2 148:references 2094:Edit refs 1961:Footnotes 1634:|refs= }} 1606:|refs= }} 1521:|refs= }} 1174:==Notes== 782:==Notes== 590:, digits 477:reference 423:Or; with 377:reference 269:reference 171:reference 136:LDR uses 117:"REFNAME" 78:WP:LDRHTG 71:WP:LDRHOW 63:Shortcuts 53:consensus 2127:Refstart 1928:Bluebook 1842:Medicine 1707:See also 1590:" /: --> 1569:" /: --> 1537:" /: --> 1477:The Moon 1462:Miller, 1383:"Foot03" 1351:"Foot02" 1324:Miller, 1319:"Foot01" 1270:"Note03" 1242:"Note02" 1214:"Note01" 1168:"Foot03" 1149:"Note03" 1124:"Foot02" 1105:"Note02" 1077:"Note01" 1052:"Foot01" 979:The Moon 951:Miller, 908:"Foot04" 876:"Foot03" 844:"Foot02" 817:Miller, 812:"Foot01" 776:"Foot04" 757:"Foot03" 738:"Foot02" 719:"Foot01" 687:Examples 628:&lt; 624:escaping 559:":31337" 544:":31337" 540:must not 132:Overview 2116:Refref2 1697:reflist 1651:example 1632:reflist 1624:content 1612:content 1604:reflist 1547:content 1519:reflist 1488:Smith, 1475:Brown, 1464:The Sun 1388:Smith, 1356:Brown, 1295:reflist 1180:reflist 990:Smith, 977:Brown, 964:Jones, 953:The Sun 913:Smith, 881:Brown, 849:Jones, 788:reflist 548:"31337" 526:|name}} 496:"name2" 467:"name1" 441:reflist 428:reflist 396:"name2" 367:"name1" 292:"name2" 264:"name1" 240:reflist 227:reflist 194:"name2" 166:"name1" 102:section 2105:Refref 1933:Comics 1731:source 1659:either 1641:Errors 1622:": --> 1545:": --> 1171:/: --> 1152:/: 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Index

Knowledge (XXG):LDRHOW
how-to guide
Knowledge (XXG)'s policies or guidelines
consensus
Shortcuts
WP:LDRHOW
WP:LDRHTG
implemented in September 2009
section
Help:Footnotes
VisualEditor
named references
reflist
r
reflist
r
English alphabet
escaping
WP:CITEVAR
a separate reference group
reflist
User:PleaseStand/References segregator
'group' name
section immediately above
reflist
reflist
Help:Cite errors
example
Template:Reflist § List-defined references
Help:Converting between references formats

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