497:, reverse this scale with 0 as highest quality and 100 as the lowest quality. Don't mistake the 0 to 100 scale for a percentage, in that using 1/2 the setting does not result in 1/2 the quality, nor does it produce a file of 1/2 the size. Also, 100 does not mean "100%", as the image is still compressed, resulting in a minute loss of detail. Since most JPEGs in Knowledge (XXG) will be rescaled anyway before appearing on pages, a quality setting of 95 is appropriate. (Settings above 95 increase size dramatically for little improvement in image quality.)
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It is normal for image editing programs to produce poor PNG compression, even when run with their maximum compression choices. As a result, there are a variety of tools to compress PNGs without any loss of quality. However, if the image will be scaled by
Mediawiki before viewing, then these steps are
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Some digital cameras and smartphones store additional information (known as EXIF metadata) in the JPEG files they create. Be aware that all such metadata is publicly visible across
Knowledge (XXG) and Wikimedia. If you don’t want to reveal the information remove it from the file before you upload it
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OptiPNG usually outputs smaller files than pngcrush, as the latter preserves some information to strictly follow the PNG specification. AdvDef can be used after either of them to further improve the results. AdvDef is straightforward to use, as it optimizes only the compression itself. Zopfli tends
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Images that are not photographs, such as diagrams and screen captures of applications or older video games, use few colors. If it makes sense, save the image in indexed mode. A truecolour PNG can often be converted to indexed mode without changing the look of the image, while saving on file size.
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better than an equivalent PNG. Therefore, for images that consist largely or entirely of polygons, lines, and curves (national flags, road signs, etc.), SVG is the preferred format. Shown here are two example enlarged crops of an image, one in PNG format, one in SVG format showing higher quality.
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Another drawback is the large file size you will end up with. JPEG compression has many options but most commonly only two colour spaces: 24-bit RGB (8 bits per sample) and 8-bit greyscale. Most importantly, JPEG by its nature cannot support indexed colour. In the example on the right, a 4-colour
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After any compression, the image should be compared to the original. It's occasionally the case that quirks in the original cause transparency to be lost even in compression which is intended to be lossless. This commonly, but not always, shows up as a change in the background colour that is
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image may use more colours than you notice, because anti-aliasing smooths jagged edges by adding shades of grey where once there was black or white. Anti-aliased black-and-white images usually need to be saved as 16-colour or 256-colour images instead. See the illustration at the right.
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Each of these utilities uses a different, more sophisticated "deflate" compression method variant on the PNG and generally produces a smaller file when run after the other tools. If the smallest result matters, try some experimenting to see what produces the best result.
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is designed to work with large areas of solid colour that have sharp boundaries. It is therefore a good format for diagrams and cartoons. But it does not automatically give you the smallest possible file size. There are some things that need to be done by hand.
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As stated above, JPEG (Joint
Photographic Experts Group) was developed with photographic images in mind. Although the JPEG algorithms are quite good, there are a couple of tips that will help to get the smallest file size possible without sacrificing quality:
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format that encodes an image as a series of geometric shapes. If this confuses you, don't worry; you don't need to understand the technical aspects to create or upload images. What this means in practice is that an SVG image scales to different sizes
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Note also that these chains, particularly the pngrewrite step, will discard non-image blocks, often including copyright or creator details. Check the pngrewrite and other program options if you want to preserve this information.
274:. Paletted images can have a bit depth of 1, 2, 4, or 8 bit (2, 4, 16, or 256 colour). Use the lowest bit depth that can handle all colours in your image, although some image editing programs cannot create 2-bit colour images.
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When saving a JPEG, the graphics program will let you choose the compression level. Usually the values range from 0 to 100 where 100 is the best quality possible with very little compression applied. Some apps, notably
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In any of the above cases, there should be a note saying what specific software is required to edit the image. Data formats and code that are compatible with free software should be preferred.
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like GIFs, PNGs, or JPEGs to SVG, and some images (especially photos) are not conducive to this treatment. If a diagram cannot be produced in SVG, then a PNG image is preferred over a JPEG.
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package) can be useful. It automates PNG optimization, utilizing pngcrush and a variant of pngrewrite as underlying engines to achieve results similar to that of optipng.
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fit the number of colors in the image? Diagrams usually have few colours. If a diagram has 4 colours, there is no need to store it in a 24-bit (
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to achieve better compression ratios than pngcrush or OptiPNG, but takes significantly longer to run.
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Many people compare a 24 bit PNG with an 8 bit GIF, which is an invalid comparison.
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If you do not have an original file but only a JPEG that really should be a PNG,
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Adobe
Photoshop has historically been known as being poor at creating PNG files.
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optipng -o7 file.png advdef -z4 file.png pngout /ks file.png deflopt file.png
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pointless. Some such tools and information on using them is shown below.
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There is a delusion among many web designers that PNGs are larger than
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For quick-and-dirty optimization, the opt-png script (found in the
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For quick compression, simply use OptiPNG with no options at all:
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for simple diagrams (especially those that need to be scaled).
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Knowledge (XXG):How to reduce colors for saving a JPEG as PNG
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Knowledge (XXG):How to reduce colors for saving a JPEG as PNG
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Choose a colour depth appropriate for the number of colours
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may apply. Substantive edits to this page should reflect
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If the image was generated from data (e.g. a graph in
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If the image was generated from a script (e.g. in a
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670:) from the files without affecting the image data.
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578:for information on indexed mode and truecolour.)
541:JPEG files can also be losslessly optimized with
463:program. SVGs can also be altered simply with a
340:when it should have been saved as PNG. JPEG uses
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662:PNG files can also be losslessly optimized with
794:"Zopfli Optimization: Literally Free Bandwidth"
29:This page documents an English Knowledge (XXG)
434:format, encoding the value of each individual
336:To the right is an example of a file saved as
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8:
194:. This delusion originates from two facts:
37:Editors should generally follow it, though
2139:Category:Knowledge (XXG) information pages
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854:
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826:Guidelines for drawing chemical structures
742:(Mailing list). 2008-04-15. Archived from
471:. For a list of SVG editing software, see
80:to Knowledge (XXG) or, preferably, to the
765:"Compress data more densely with Zopfli"
666:, which removes all hidden "extras" (or
545:, which removes all hidden "extras" (or
534:that automates JPEG optimization, using
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688:"pinga, GUI image optimizer (PNG/JPG)"
455:SVGs can be easily created with many
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804:from the original on 2 November 2020
775:from the original on 2 November 2020
109:There are 4 basic choices for image
1878:User CSS for monospaced coding font
1126:Non-admin and admin-only page moves
841:Commons:Preparing images for upload
171:The editability and scalability of
2210:Knowledge (XXG) editing guidelines
836:Knowledge (XXG):Graphics tutorials
45:. When in doubt, discuss first on
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489:using an appropriate application.
1819:Bug reports and feature requests
831:Knowledge (XXG):Image use policy
712:"pingo, image optimizer for web"
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2132:Category:Knowledge (XXG) how-to
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648:obviously visible at a glance.
601:(open source), fork of pngcrush
556:only, and are being used under
473:List of vector graphics editors
877:Knowledge (XXG) technical help
623:pinga (with GUI) / pingo (CLI)
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1502:How to improve image quality
1380:Complete diff and link guide
736:"pngcrush and optipng notes"
562:Template:Infobox album#Cover
300:Do not save diagrams as JPEG
1938:Cleaning up vandalism tools
1824:TimedMediaHandler extension
1460:Preparing images for upload
604:AdvDef/AdvPNG, part of the
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2024:Beta Features at MediaWiki
1497:Basic bitmap image editing
1375:Simple diff and link guide
459:programs such as the free
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47:this guideline's talk page
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1299:Advanced table formatting
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538:as the underlying engine.
530:contains a script called
2019:Wikimedia Cloud Services
1873:Common.js and common.css
1868:Catalogue of CSS classes
1627:Advanced template coding
1470:Options to hide an image
896:village pump (technical)
469:Knowledge (XXG):SVG Help
126:for photographic images.
2143:Further navigation at:
1883:Classes in microformats
1438:Moving files to Commons
1257:Conditional expressions
505:digital generation loss
325:lossy JPEG compression
100:computer algebra system
1943:Customizing watchlists
1858:Cascading Style Sheets
1632:Template documentation
1507:Graphics Lab resources
1450:Introduction to images
1262:Switch parser function
769:Google Developers Blog
424:Simple changes to SVG
342:lossy data compression
330:compression artifacts
328:Enlarged view showing
1756:File description page
1475:Extended image syntax
608:compilation (GNU GPL)
346:compression artifacts
184:compression algorithm
78:uploading image files
2007:Navigation shortcuts
1992:Alternative browsing
990:Multilingual support
968:How to create a page
145:Other image formats
138:for everything else.
132:for animated images.
1713:Guide to Scribbling
1591:EasyTimeline syntax
1370:Simplest diff guide
1237:Line-break handling
526:. A package called
258:Does the number of
252:anti-aliased image
1706:Costs and benefits
1652:Citation templates
1519:Visual file markup
1492:Graphics tutorials
1433:Creation and usage
1309:Conditional tables
1192:User contributions
1133:Notifications/Echo
1046:User access levels
1034:Special Characters
934:Keyboard shortcuts
520:jpegtran -optimize
457:desktop publishing
348:around the edges.
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2177:Citation metadata
2082:Navigation popups
2040:AfC helper script
2033:Automated editing
1888:Markup validation
1773:Project/Wikipedia
1540:Graphs and charts
1514:Sound file markup
1416:videos and sounds
1279:Sections and TOCs
1079:Special page help
740:png-mng-implement
634:optipng file.png
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147:should be avoided
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31:editing guideline
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2012:Optimum tool set
1863:HTML in wikitext
1807:User page design
1598:WikiHiero syntax
1465:Uploading images
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1736:Main/Article
1696:Transclusion
1679:Substitution
1567:Math symbols
1535:Family trees
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1289:Introduction
1160:Random pages
1051:VisualEditor
995:Page history
956:Edit toolbar
929:Bypass cache
888:the Teahouse
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806:. Retrieved
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777:. Retrieved
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748:. Retrieved
744:the original
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111:file formats
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2172:Referencing
2097:Ultraviolet
1955:IRC Scripts
1918:Preferences
1662:Lua project
1487:Gallery tag
1387:Colon trick
1247:Magic words
1150:Page import
1089:Edit filter
653:littleutils
606:AdvanceCOMP
576:color depth
528:littleutils
465:text editor
2145:Help pages
2129:See also:
2045:AntiVandal
1982:User style
1975:Techniques
1948:Hide pages
1731:Namespaces
1423:Media help
1397:Pipe trick
1392:Link color
1304:Collapsing
1225:Cheatsheet
1180:Linksearch
1099:Logging in
1027:Editnotice
946:CharInsert
900:talk pages
808:2020-11-02
779:2020-11-02
750:2014-03-27
721:2022-09-05
716:css-ig.net
697:2022-09-05
692:css-ig.net
674:References
279:avoid this
268:truecolour
247:309 bytes
240:180 bytes
39:exceptions
2184:Templates
2106:Inactive
2102:WPCleaner
1911:and tools
1893:Span tags
1814:MediaWiki
1783:Archiving
1689:Job queue
1667:Resources
1622:Templates
1608:Templates
1550:Barcharts
1358:Permanent
1353:Interwiki
1274:Redirects
1197:Watchlist
1175:Searching
1005:Page name
961:Reverting
892:help desk
554:infoboxes
479:JPEG tips
430:PNG is a
43:consensus
2204:Category
2162:Accounts
2060:Creating
1797:Template
1741:Category
1657:Lua help
1586:Timeline
1480:SVG help
1220:Wikitext
1212:Wikitext
1084:AllPages
1072:-related
1039:Entering
1017:Printing
978:Tutorial
820:See also
802:Archived
773:Archived
668:metadata
664:PNGExtra
614:(gratis)
593:pngcrush
589:(gratis)
569:PNG tips
547:metadata
543:JPGExtra
536:jpegtran
438:, while
376:Shortcut
182:The PNG
167:Diagrams
56:Shortcut
2092:Twinkle
2087:RedWarn
2065:history
1923:Gadgets
1836:Special
1615:modules
1232:Columns
1068:Special
941:Editing
914:General
612:DeflOpt
599:OptiPNG
532:opt-jpg
524:libjpeg
461:Scribus
384:WP:USOP
272:palette
64:WP:PIFU
2077:Huggle
2072:HotCat
1831:Module
1788:Simple
1768:Portal
1445:Images
1294:Basics
1284:Tables
618:Zopfli
587:PNGOUT
357:do not
2115:STiki
2110:igloo
1987:Tools
1965:Guide
1928:Skins
1746:Draft
1684:Purge
1672:To do
1428:Files
1412:Media
1365:Diffs
1343:Links
1335:diffs
1331:Links
1242:Lists
574:(See
442:is a
436:pixel
264:pixel
76:When
2167:Bots
2055:Bots
1970:List
1848:and
1846:HTML
1802:User
1778:Talk
1763:Help
1751:File
1402:URLs
1333:and
1187:Tags
1111:Logs
1070:page
1056:Help
1010:Help
338:JPEG
262:per
260:bits
192:GIFs
160:TIFF
124:JPEG
1850:CSS
1613:Lua
1610:and
1138:FAQ
973:IRC
904:IRC
902:or
513:PNG
511:or
449:far
440:SVG
288:An
173:SVG
154:BMP
136:PNG
130:GIF
118:SVG
2206::
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49:.
33:.
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