430:. The refinery will produce more than 328 tonnes of gold annually. Economic analysts say that the refinery is part of government's strategy to make up for lost oil revenue after the South Sudan split of 2011. The refinery will also be able to process silver and its opening should reduce the amount of gold and silver smuggled to other markets. According to
31:
203:
The
Minerals Development Act of 2007 and its regulations are in force. The Investment Promotion Law of 1999 and its amendments define the benefits that are available to the private companies to invest in the mining sector; agreements drawn cover both the exploration and mining phases. In the first
150:
of 2011 meant that Sudan lost approximately two-thirds of its oil wells, which has been credited with driving increased investment in the gold mining sector. In the ten-year period ending in 2022, Sudan would become the third-largest producer of gold in the continent.
483:
Many gold extraction projects are expected to move to the production stage. However, constraints identified for such development are the large royalty fees, carriage costs, and governmental economic restrictions. Chromite mining is subject to demand in the world
204:
instance, an
Exploration Prospecting License is issued. Following a successful exploration of specific mines, a mining license is awarded to the company, with due registration of the production company under the Sudanese Companies Act 1925.
419:. This is the only gold mine in the country with a production capacity of 90,000 oz/year. As of 2019, the Central Bank of Sudan reported official production of 100 metric tons of gold bullion, with 21.7 tons going to export.
462:
alleged in
September 2021 that members of the Sudanese military had colluded with a Russian gold smuggling operation through the front company al-Solag. The anti-corruption committee was disbanded following the
190:
In the open pit Hassai Gold Mine, which has been under operation since 1993, gold production from 18 open pits was to the extent of 2.3 million ounces (Moz). The established reserve at this mine in the
540:
447:
estimated in 2021 that only 20% of Sudan's gold output went through official channels. Information from the
Central Bank indicated that 32.7 tons of gold was unaccounted for in 2021.
464:
762:
346:
179:. In 2012, the production of crude petroleum dropped to about 37.7 million barrels (Mbbl) from a high of 106.2 Mbbl in 2011 and 168.7 Mbbl in 2010. Production of gypsum,
302:
Base metals like zinc, lead, aluminium, cobalt, and nickel found in the form of block sulfides are volcanic in nature. Zinc ore is assessed as 60 million tons in the
888:
291:
is extracted from the
Ingessana Hills, which has an estimated reserve of 1 million tons; production here in the recent years has been about 10,000 tons per year.
306:
area. Lead is found in the Kutum area of North Darfur, aluminium in Darfur, cobalt in the Red Sea, and nickel in the Red Sea, Blue Nile, and South
Kordofan.
810:
159:
Production from the mining sector accounts for about 4% of gross domestic product (GDP). Mineral extraction reported by the
Government of Sudan include
1033:
212:
Reserves of phosphate found in Mount Kuoun and Mount Lauro in eastern Nuba, has been assessed as 400,000 tons, including some amount of uranium U
873:
475:
and by air via at least 16 known
Russian flights, including one carrying about a ton of gold with a manifest stating it was hauling cookies.
17:
1217:
893:
1118:
719:
Elbagir, Nima; Arvanitidis, Barbara; Qiblawi, Tamara; Mezzofiore, Gianluca; Abo Al Gheit, Mohammed; Tarasova, Darya (29 July 2022).
287:, and the Red Sea Mountains. The estimated reserves of crude chrome is 1 million tons. Chrome has been extracted since the 1970s.
772:
720:
624:
803:
569:
741:
361:, which has an estimated reserve of 34 million tons in the sea and 124 million tons at a depth of 50 metres (160 ft).
56:
accounted for a substantial contribution to the country's economy. Following South Sudan's independence, growth in the
908:
437:
404:
372:
is found in three types of geological formations: the
Parentheses Gossan formation in the Eriab region of the eastern
1144:
1222:
796:
396:
60:
industry saw substantial traction. By 2022, Sudan would emerge as the third-largest producer of gold in Africa.
1191:
1187:
472:
458:
in 2017, the
Russian-Sudanese corporation Meroe Gold was formed. An anti-corruption committee formed after the
336:
143:
means "gold" and is attributed to the Nuba region. It was also called the "country of metal" by the British.
1183:
948:
426:
opened the country's first gold refinery. It was speculated to be one of the largest such constructions in
353:
area. The estimate of crude oil reserves was approximately 531,000 tons. Gypsum has been identified in the
1058:
1048:
853:
123:
Ancient historical records indicate that gold and iron mining in the country existed under the kingdom of
1063:
953:
898:
883:
541:"The curse of Sudan's gold: Why one of the world's poorest countries fails to profit from vast reserves"
511:
400:
1170:
1161:
1152:
280:
48:
is mostly driven by extraction fuel minerals, including gold. Prior to becoming independent in 2011 as
412:
1174:
1148:
1123:
1043:
1008:
993:
978:
933:
928:
868:
358:
350:
998:
459:
295:
is found in the Red Sea Mountains and the Albeodh desert along the River Nile, and in areas around
1098:
1073:
923:
918:
863:
848:
231:
262:
1083:
1053:
1038:
1023:
1013:
1003:
968:
963:
913:
858:
833:
440:
said that the export of gold ore from Sudan would be prohibited once the refinery was opened.
250:
71:
is another important mineral extracted from the Ingessana Hills. Other minerals extracted are
332:
1093:
1088:
1028:
983:
943:
838:
819:
471:, a Russian paramilitary organisation and found that gold was being smuggled by land to the
354:
266:
235:
184:
1068:
1018:
973:
958:
938:
903:
843:
485:
140:
692:
411:
and silver granules are also byproducts. Gold, iron ore and base metals are mined in the
1078:
988:
878:
667:
455:
451:
444:
423:
389:
377:
373:
296:
284:
254:
88:
436:, Sudan hoped to double its gold revenues in 2012 to $ 3 billion. In August 2012, the
1211:
314:
132:
631:
661:
468:
408:
136:
573:
258:
192:
147:
57:
53:
49:
385:
270:
243:
35:
381:
292:
227:
100:
84:
721:"Russia is plundering gold in Sudan to boost Putin's war effort in Ukraine"
18:
Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Intertranswiki/Sandbox/Mining industry of Sudan
339:
have the potential of 53,500 million tons, of which some has been mined.
183:, salt, gold, and cement have increased since 2012. Approximately 250,000
671:
416:
342:
328:
324:
288:
276:
180:
164:
124:
68:
64:
115:
are also established. Large reserves of iron ore have been established.
30:
432:
303:
239:
112:
768:
517:. U.S. Department of the Interior: U.S. Geological Survey. March 2014
427:
335:
have been assessed at 6,650 million tons, and asbestos fibers in the
318:
310:
223:
176:
168:
108:
104:
80:
72:
788:
67:, and base metals are mined in the Hassai Gold Mine and elsewhere.
128:
44:
29:
742:"How a sanctioned Russian company gained access to Sudan's gold"
369:
172:
160:
96:
92:
76:
792:
234:, is found in some areas of Khartoum and in the south of the
395:
Sudan is the third largest producer of gold in Africa. The
467:
in October 2021. Reports in 2022 linked Meroe Gold to the
512:"2012 Minerals Yearbook: Sudan [Advance Release]"
415:, located 50 kilometres (31 mi) to the northeast of
663:
Sudan's al-Bashir opens large gold refinery in Khartoum
388:
and its tributaries, particularly in the Blue Nile and
1132:
1107:
826:
309:Uranium and rare earth elements have been found in
195:-aged Ariab greenstone belt is 14.09 million tons.
87:is found in Mount Kuoun and Mount Lauro in eastern
52:, petroleum extraction in the autonomous region of
407:, produces gold in the range of 270 to 360 tons;
450:Following a meeting between Sudanese President
269:. The reserves found in the Baljrawih area and
804:
625:"The Field of Mineral Potential of The Sudan"
399:, with full ownership rights vested with the
8:
736:
734:
347:Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières
127:and also during the reign of the kingdom of
764:Sudan opens first gold refinery in Khartoum
273:area have been assessed at 2 billion tons.
811:
797:
789:
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
603:
601:
599:
597:
595:
593:
591:
564:
562:
560:
496:
405:Ministry of Finance and Natural Economy
506:
504:
502:
500:
422:In September 2012, Sudanese President
279:deposits have been established in the
757:
755:
714:
712:
710:
656:
654:
652:
630:. Government of Sudan. Archived from
7:
534:
532:
403:, the Ministry of Minerals, and the
384:region; and alluvial gold along the
771:: Africa News, 2012, archived from
376:; in quartz-vein formations in the
327:has been located in the Blue Nile.
111:in the form of block sulfides, and
539:Blanco, Patricia R. (2023-05-10).
25:
1119:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
889:Democratic Republic of the Congo
242:is extracted from the southern
226:, a clay mineral consisting of
345:reserves were assessed by the
1:
465:Sudanese military coup d'état
249:Iron ore reserves lie in the
572:. mbendi.com. Archived from
438:Sudanese Ministry of Finance
397:Sudan Gold Refinery Company
1239:
1218:Mining industry by country
570:"Mining in Sudan-Overview"
693:"Hassai Gold Mine, Sudan"
187:work in gold production.
874:Central African Republic
473:Central African Republic
139:. The name 'Neb' in the
695:. mining-technology.com
337:Gouge Zone Bees Reserve
253:, in Mount Abu Tolo in
313:pit copper, South and
38:
1034:São Tomé and Príncipe
894:Republic of the Congo
401:Central Bank of Sudan
155:Production and impact
63:In addition to gold,
33:
775:on 23 September 2012
380:, Obaidiya, and the
146:The independence of
1109:States with limited
460:Sudanese Revolution
454:and Russian leader
43:mining industry of
576:on 29 January 2001
232:Aluminium silicate
39:
1205:
1204:
1136:other territories
909:Equatorial Guinea
820:Mining in Africa
748:. Bloomberg News.
443:Finance Minister
281:Inqasna Mountains
251:Red Sea Mountains
16:(Redirected from
1230:
1223:Economy of Sudan
1197:
1196:(United Kingdom)
1192:Tristan da Cunha
1188:Ascension Island
1180:
1167:
1158:
1134:Dependencies and
827:Sovereign states
813:
806:
799:
790:
784:
783:
782:
780:
759:
750:
749:
738:
729:
728:
716:
705:
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702:
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689:
683:
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681:
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629:
621:
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583:
581:
566:
555:
554:
552:
551:
536:
527:
526:
524:
522:
516:
508:
413:Hassai Gold Mine
331:ore reserves in
267:River Nile State
236:River Nile State
185:artisanal miners
21:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1178:
1165:
1156:
1137:
1135:
1128:
1112:
1110:
1103:
822:
817:
787:
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761:
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739:
732:
718:
717:
708:
698:
696:
691:
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677:
675:
660:
659:
650:
640:
638:
637:on 4 March 2016
634:
627:
623:
622:
589:
579:
577:
568:
567:
558:
549:
547:
545:EL PAÍS English
538:
537:
530:
520:
518:
514:
510:
509:
498:
494:
486:stainless steel
481:
367:
349:in 1981 in the
317:, Red Sea, and
219:
215:
210:
201:
199:Legal framework
157:
141:Nubian language
121:
28:
27:Economic sector
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1236:
1234:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1210:
1209:
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1199:
1198:
1181:
1168:
1159:
1145:Canary Islands
1141:
1140:
1138:
1133:
1130:
1129:
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1121:
1115:
1113:
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1105:
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816:
815:
808:
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793:
786:
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751:
730:
706:
684:
668:United Kingdom
648:
587:
556:
528:
495:
493:
490:
480:
477:
456:Vladimir Putin
452:Omar al-Bashir
445:Gibril Ibrahim
424:Omar al-Bashir
390:Northern Sudan
378:North Kurdufan
374:Nuba Mountains
366:
363:
359:Mount Sagomhas
357:region and in
351:Mount Ayub Ali
297:Khartoum State
285:Nuba Mountains
255:South Kordofan
217:
213:
209:
206:
200:
197:
156:
153:
120:
117:
91:. Reserves of
54:Southern Sudan
34:Oil refinery,
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1235:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1193:
1189:
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1176:
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1169:
1163:
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1154:
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1131:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
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1114:
1106:
1100:
1097:
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1092:
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1032:
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1027:
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1022:
1020:
1017:
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1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
949:Guinea-Bissau
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
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890:
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837:
835:
832:
831:
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766:
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731:
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715:
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707:
694:
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673:
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633:
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533:
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461:
457:
453:
448:
446:
441:
439:
435:
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429:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
364:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
320:
316:
315:West Kurdufan
312:
307:
305:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
207:
205:
198:
196:
194:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
154:
152:
149:
144:
142:
138:
135:, during the
134:
133:Pharaonic era
130:
126:
118:
116:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
61:
59:
55:
51:
47:
46:
37:
32:
19:
1184:Saint Helena
1155:
1059:South Africa
1049:Sierra Leone
854:Burkina Faso
779:25 September
777:, retrieved
773:the original
763:
745:
724:
697:. Retrieved
687:
678:25 September
676:, retrieved
662:
639:. Retrieved
632:the original
578:. Retrieved
574:the original
548:. Retrieved
544:
519:. Retrieved
482:
469:Wagner Group
449:
442:
431:
421:
409:silver alloy
394:
368:
341:
323:
308:
301:
275:
248:
222:
211:
202:
189:
158:
145:
137:Roman period
122:
62:
42:
40:
1111:recognition
1064:South Sudan
954:Ivory Coast
259:West Darfur
208:Commodities
193:Proterozoic
148:South Sudan
58:gold mining
50:South Sudan
1212:Categories
1166:(Portugal)
1124:Somaliland
1044:Seychelles
1009:Mozambique
994:Mauritania
979:Madagascar
934:The Gambia
869:Cape Verde
746:Mining.com
550:2024-06-14
492:References
386:Nile River
271:Wadi Halfa
244:Wadi Halfa
36:Port Sudan
999:Mauritius
382:Blue Nile
293:Manganese
263:Baljrawih
257:, and in
228:potassium
101:aluminium
85:Phosphate
1190: /
1186: /
1179:(France)
1173: /
1151: /
1147: /
1099:Zimbabwe
1074:Tanzania
924:Ethiopia
919:Eswatini
899:Djibouti
864:Cameroon
849:Botswana
672:BBC News
488:sector.
417:Khartoum
343:Tungsten
329:Asbestos
325:Graphite
289:Chromite
277:Chromium
181:feldspar
165:chromium
69:Chromite
65:iron ore
1175:Réunion
1171:Mayotte
1162:Madeira
1157:(Spain)
1153:Melilla
1084:Tunisia
1054:Somalia
1039:Senegal
1024:Nigeria
1014:Namibia
1004:Morocco
969:Liberia
964:Lesotho
914:Eritrea
884:Comoros
859:Burundi
834:Algeria
699:13 June
641:13 June
580:13 June
521:13 June
479:Outlook
433:Reuters
333:Inqasna
304:Red Sea
240:Granite
119:History
113:uranium
1194:
1177:
1164:
1094:Zambia
1089:Uganda
1029:Rwanda
984:Malawi
944:Guinea
839:Angola
769:Africa
674:, 2012
428:Africa
355:Beraat
319:Butana
311:Darfur
283:, the
224:Kaolin
177:cement
175:, and
169:gypsum
131:, the
109:nickel
105:cobalt
81:cement
79:, and
73:gypsum
1149:Ceuta
1069:Sudan
1019:Niger
974:Libya
959:Kenya
939:Ghana
929:Gabon
904:Egypt
844:Benin
635:(PDF)
628:(PDF)
515:(PDF)
129:Nubia
125:Meroë
45:Sudan
1079:Togo
989:Mali
879:Chad
781:2012
701:2015
680:2012
643:2015
582:2015
523:2015
370:Gold
365:Gold
261:and
230:and
173:salt
161:gold
97:lead
93:zinc
89:Nuba
77:salt
41:The
725:CNN
265:in
1214::
767:,
754:^
744:.
733:^
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709:^
670::
666:,
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321:.
299:.
246:.
238:.
220:.
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703:.
645:.
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525:.
218:3
216:O
214:2
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
