Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Plants/Template

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habitat, and range, which are also used in identification, are treated in separately, under "Distribution and habitat". This section should include a description of growth pattern, roots, stems, leaves, inflorescence, and fruit. These may be broken down into more subsections if there is sufficient information to justify it. These may be made into separate sections even with minimal or no information, since this will encourage other editors to later fill out the section, which should ultimately be in any or all good plant articles.

1235: 4027: 2389:{{cite book |last1=Pax |first1=Ferdinand Albin |authorlink=Ferdinand Pax|editor1-last=Engler|editor1-first=Adolf|editor-link=Adolf Engler |title=Botanische Jahrbücher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie |volume=11 |date=1890 |publisher=Engelmann |location=Leipzig |pages=318–337 |url=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/669#page/340/mode/1up |language=latin, german |chapter=Beiträage zur Kenntnis der Amaryllidaceae: H. augustifolium p. 331}}</ref: --> 1257: 767: 3703:{{cite book |last1=Chamberlain |first1=DF |last2=Hyam |first2=R |last3=Argent |first3=G |last4=Fairweather |first4=G |last5=Walter |first5=KS |title=The genus ''Rhododendron'': its classification and synonymy |url=http://www.rbge.org.uk/about-us/publications/publications-catalogue/botanical-publications/rhododendron-publications |date=1996 |publisher=] |isbn=1-872291-66-X |accessdate=6 January 2016}}</ref: --> 3644:{{cite book |last1=Chamberlain |first1=DF |last2=Hyam |first2=R |last3=Argent |first3=G |last4=Fairweather |first4=G |last5=Walter |first5=KS |title=The genus ''Rhododendron'': its classification and synonymy |url=http://www.rbge.org.uk/about-us/publications/publications-catalogue/botanical-publications/rhododendron-publications |date=1996 |publisher=] |isbn=1-872291-66-X |accessdate=6 January 2016}}</ref: --> 1794:, as it has information on the name, synonyms, authorities, distribution and child taxa presented in an easy‑to‑read format. Of course, no one database is guaranteed to be error‑free, and editors should make an effort to check more than one database. Also, the original publication does not constitute a reliable source on its own. To complete the bibliography requires an authoritative source that 1574:

sprouting from a bulb, resprouting from a burl after a fire or not, being thorny, light and water requirements, vegetative reproduction or by seed, etc. Discuss how the plant changes as it ages and develops. Discuss how it responds to changes in its environment. Discuss how the plant might be described to a young student or to a person unfamiliar with plants in the area.

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only list the subfamilies, if each subfamily already has a separate page. Otherwise, if the resulting structure is complex, list only the immediate inferior rank (subfamilies in this case), and create separate subpages on which the detailed taxonomy of each subfamily is described, rather than including too much detail on the main page (see for example genus

3705:{{cite journal |last1=Goetsch |first1=Loretta A. |last2=Eckert |first2=Andrew J. |last3=Hall |first3=Benjamin D. |date=July–September 2005 |title=The molecular systematics of ''Rhododendron'' (Ericaceae): a phylogeny based upon ''RPB2'' gene sequences |journal=] |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=616–626 |doi=10.1600/0363644054782170}}</ref: --> 459: 571:

For more substantial articles, a more detailed revision may be needed, leaving a legacy page. The past tense should be used and the lead modified to direct the reader to the current page. In a number of instances there may be useful information in the page that can be incorporated into that page. For

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usually should have sections entitled "Description", "Taxonomy", "Subdivisions" (in the case of genera and higher ranks), "Distribution and habitat" and "Ecology". "Uses" is the most common optional section, and can be renamed where a plant has only one major specific use (for its wood, for example).

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might include subfamilies, tribes, genera and subgenera, it is usually only necessary to list the most immediate inferior rank, in this case subfamilies, provided that further subdivisions are addressed through links to other pages providing that information. For instance an article on a family need

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This essay describes what would be an "ideal" article about a plant taxon. Such an article will be divided into sections like those suggested and described below. Ideally, all of these sections can be filled with relevant information. In many, maybe even most cases, this is not possible, and several

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The first paragraph, usually the very first sentence, should have the taxon name in bold. If the taxon is a genus or lower rank, such as subgenus or species, the name should be in bold and italics. The scientific name for the family should be visible if included, not hidden via a linked common name

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Diversity: | diversity_ref = | diversity = | diversity_link = For higher taxa, with an intermediate rank, e.g. Family and subfamily, this could be used to indicate no. species. Use diversity_link if there us a separate page listing species,

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If a separate list subpage is created, in its place on the main page some selected lower taxa can be listed, such as those mentioned in the text, or the more important members, particularly if links are available. If not consider providing them. The accompanying text should include the information

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provides some guidance towards using automatic taxoboxes for plants. Automatic taxoboxes are best used where the taxon is situated in a hierarchy already using this approach. For instance if you are creating a new page for a genus, within a family and the family page uses an automatic taxobox, the

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Only the lowest ranked taxon should be included in the geographical categorization scheme (species, or subspecies or variety if the articles exist). Genus articles or higher rank articles are only ever categorized in the geographical categories if the entire genus is endemic to a region or if the

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Linkages to other pages is encouraged but avoid overlinking. For instance excessive linking to the same page within a section is not necessary, nor is linking when the word is self-explanatory. Avoid redlinks. If you think something is important enough to deserve a link, create that page, even if

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and disputed species, which may be used by some sources. To avoid possible confusion over the taxon intended, include the botanical authority, using the method already detailed above. Inclusion of the complete bibliographical reference in such a list should be relegated to footnotes. For example:

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are long-lived perennial geophytes with winter-growing and summer-dormant bulbs that are mainly synanthous (leaves and flowers appearing at the same time). While most species flower in late winter to spring, five species are autumn flowering and by contrast are hysteranthous (leaves appear after

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Taxonomic classification is an evolving science, and there are frequent revisions that can affect many Knowledge (XXG) pages and make them out of date. When a taxon that has a WP page is extinguished, most commonly by submersion into another, that page becomes obsolete. Some of these are merely

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The article about the taxonomic group itself should have a blank sortkey (e.g. ]). An article providing an alphabetical list of species or genera (as opposed to the Taxonomy of X article providing a taxonomic listing) should use a space followed by the word list (e.g. ]). This ensures that the

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Typically, it would list the general purpose/location of cultivation (farms, gardens, landscaping, etc.), and something about different cultivated varieties. Say what part of the plant it is grown for (roots, flowers, leaves, etc.). Give a general idea of the best growing conditions (climate,

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Describe the general aspect and habit of the plant taxon, its size, its flowering structure, its fruiting bodies, its rooting, fragrance etc. This will include the material that is commonly used in manuals and field guides in identifying the taxon (e.g. family, genus or species). Distribution,

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The introductory paragraphs (also called the "lead") should be a summary of the article. References are not normally included in the lead, since it summarises the rest of the article, which should include references. Links are helpful in the lead, even if they are also used in the rest of the

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Also check to see if there is a page of that name or type in another language version of Knowledge (XXG), for instance a German botanist may be more likely to have a page in the German Knowledge (XXG) than the English version. In which case the appropriate link is ]. Although this is a quick

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Growth pattern includes gross observations such as overall shape and size, lifespan, whether annual or perennial (be careful about horticultural usage of these terms which may be climatic zone specific), whether a tree, shrub, vine or herbaceous etc. Also whether winter or drought deciduous,

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This example is relatively simple, where the taxon has remained fairly stable since its inception in 1753. In many other cases the taxon has evolved considerably or its circumscription is controversial and there may be several authorities attached to the name. In such cases knowing in which

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Provide a subsection heading for the child taxa, such as "Species", "Subfamilies and genera"... etc. For instance in an article on a Family, this might be Subfamilies. Where there are several ranks below the level of the taxon page being edited, e.g. an article on the family

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system for ferns; note that Kew-based databases do not use this system. Deviations from this, for instance inclusion of more recent taxonomic research should be justified with appropriate citations. For complex taxonomies, tables often provide greater clarity. Commonly used

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It is the contributor's responsibility to check that all external links take the reader to the intended page. If there is an error in the Wikidata, it can be corrected but editing Wikidata requires knowledge of Wikidata structure and guidelines. For more information, see

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Try to limit the number of categories with common sense and judicious use of regional categories: a species found across the continental U.S. and Canada except for two or three states/provinces is still accurately put simply in "Flora of Canada" and "Flora of the United

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In many cases, cultivation is better discussed in this section than separately under "Cultivation" (see above). However, if a use is particularly important or the plant has only one major use, list it separately with an appropriate header.

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This section includes all the information required to allow identification of a member of this taxon (species/genus/family etc.) Remember to use a paragraph structure, not bullet points, but paragraphs can be introduced with headings (e.g.

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Every article on a currently accepted plant taxon should include an infobox which gives the place of the taxon in a hierarchical classification and some basic taxonomic data. The infobox can be generated by using either of two templates:

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is the genus covered by the new page. Copy the contents of the template used on another genus within that family, and change the link statement to the current taxon from the one you just copied. Now save your new template.

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A description of subsequent handling of the taxonomic entity up to modern times. This is the history of the circumscription of the taxon and its relationship to other taxa at the same and higher ranks. Discuss the major

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Knowledge (XXG) does not mandate any particular reference style, but portability of commonly used resources across the project is an advantage. The preferred format for citation is to use a cite template, such as

224: 2541: 1832: 444: 3441:(i.e. roses, tulips). Otherwise, it should be a subsection under "Uses". Separate domestic cultivation (such as history and growing conditions), in this section, from commercial cultivation (such as 4337: 2133:

where appropriate. For many taxa below the genus level this may not be informative. Where a cladistic analysis is available, consider including a cladogram to illustrate the relationships, using

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Wikimedia Commons and Wikispecies can be referenced here, where appropriate by using the templates {{Commons}} and {{Wikispecies}}. Other Wikimedia resources that may be useful here, include

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In listing child taxa, avoid long lists (particularly noticeable for species). These too, are best handled by creating a subpage, with a summary and a linking hat on the main page, such as

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group in their natural habitat prefer humid situations such as stream margins, springs, wet pastures, clearings of forests or shrublands with humid soils, and moist hillsides...subgenus

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Where the plant is particularly poisonous, this section can be added to discuss this. Poisonous to who? Humans, animals? In what way? What are the responsible agents and mechanisms?

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Space can be saved in the reference section where there are multiple references to the same work, such as chapters in an edited book by using the Harvtext template. For instance "

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4. Short footnotes. This style offers maximum portability and ease of maintenance. Citations are placed in a Bibliography section. This is referred to as the target. In the text

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Other resources available online can be referenced here, but never use raw URLs, that is just entering the URL alone. Add a descriptor, for instance is much more preferable to

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Discuss parasites, pests and diseases. What animals or other plants feed on it? If sufficient material, subheadings could include viruses, bacteria, fungi and animals (see

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does it thrive in? Is its distribution range stable or shifting? Is the taxon density sparse or heavy, and is it changing? Is it increasing in numbers in an area, or is it

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may also be useful. If the plant is particularly similar to another species, consider explicitly mentioning differentiating elements. And, if relevant and available, its

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Use plain descriptive English where possible, explaining technical terms, especially less common ones. Link technical terms to relevant pages. If the relevant page, e.g.

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If the list or article discusses further subdivisions, consider structuring the list according to those subdivisions instead of purely alphabetically, as in the example

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The currently accepted circumscription (where does the taxon fit into higher hierarchies and how is it distinguished from other taxa at the same rank?). The use of the

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Outline the prevailing modern classification, including phylogeny. Mention which subdivisions are supported through cladistic analyses. Discuss any competing schemes.

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classification system. The APG IV system does not have formally named divisions or classes, but includes several hierarchically nested, informally named clades. The

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of the sections will frequently not be possible to fill, particularly when it comes to a less-studied group or species. In many cases users may wish to create a

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Does the plant have a specific cultural relevance, for example as a metaphor or a motif? Is it an integral part of some aspect of culture? Avoid trivia as per

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If there are conservation concerns regarding the species or some of its members, discuss them. What is the status and why? Is the taxon, or any parts of it,

2012:) names exist in relation to the taxon. The use of tables over text alone is recommended if comparing different historical classifications (see, for example 1950: 336: 233: 3063:

Some taxonomies require a very lengthy discussion, in which case they should be treated as a separate page, and summarised on the taxon page. For example,

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relationships and the resulting classification of the entity and its relationships, reflecting the totality of similarities and differences, including the

1896:, his description did not satisfy the formal rules for description, so the actual authority goes to Carl Linnaeus (L.), for which the references would be 3025: 1878: 1860: 4365:, to the article's talk page to include the article in the Plants Project assessment scheme, and consider adding the general talk page header template, 321: 287: 3715: 157: 4375:. Article on plants may be relevant to other WikiProjects as well; add banner templates for other projects to the article's talk page as appropriate. 409: 394: 528: 384: 370: 365: 360: 97: 2791: 1968: 946:

Automatic taxoboxes are intended to facilitate maintaining a consistent hierarchical classification across multiple articles. Converting a standard

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Note that in cases where a species/product separation has been made, only the product articles should be placed in cultivation-related categories!

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record where known and explain to what degree it supports the constructed phylogeny. Some evolutionary information may be better presented as a

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in the Reference section, which links to the full citation in the bibliography. More information can be added, for instance a page number, as

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names are also written as if they were species. Listing hybrids and cultivars is valid, but they should be distinguished from accepted names.

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the taxon name is being used is important, even though it may not necessarily be the current one. Thus one might need to specify Liliaceae

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A reliable secondary source is needed to establish the accepted authority. Suitable sources include major taxonomic databases such as the

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template, all citations can be managed much more easily, if the citations are arranged alphabetically, with spaces, and named. Then only

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only a stub. However, first check to see if that subject is a section on a separate page, such as Style which has its own section under

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Stearn's dictionary of plant names for gardeners : a handbook on the origin and meaning of the botanical names of some cultivated plants

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Based on the authority in a reliable secondary source, give an account of the original description of the taxon, by which it gained its

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placeholder, the preferred approach is to create that page as a stub and place {{Expand language |page name}} at the top of the page.

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If taxon nomenclature changes require a page name change, use the Move tab at the top of the page to change it. Do not cut and paste.

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This is useful for listing sources consulted but also in conjunction with reference styles mentioned above. It can also be indexed,

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When does it flower and when does fruit mature? (This can also be put in the section on inflorescence and fruit in the description.)

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at first; an example of a basic stub on a species of flowering plant, with the minimal requirements and templates, can be found at

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Description of roots, stems, leaves, inflorescence, and fruit should use standardized technical expressions such as those in the

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is likely to be uncontroversial, but this practice is not presently encouraged. There's a general introduction to the system at

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articles can also be categorized into their year of formal description. This means the earliest description, inclusive of the

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article about the taxonomic group comes first on the category page, followed by the article giving a list of its subdivisions.

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1. Parenthetical, e.g. (Chamberlain et al. 1996) which refers to a full citation elsewhere, usually a bibliography, as below.

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should be listed, since in their absence it is possible that someone else will start a separate page, or add them to a list.

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approach is relatively simple, particularly if there are already sister genera. Just create the template: Template:Taxonomy/

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What types of soils does it grow best on? (Though this particular information may often be better discussed under habitat.)

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Where applicable, provide a description of the structure of the subdivision of the taxon (for genera and higher ranks).

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Dahlgren. Sometimes the most authoritative reference will be in proposals or considerations published in a journal like

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The history of the subdivision of the taxon, where applicable. Use tables for comparing systems (see, for example,

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stubs, and can be replaced by a Redirect. Others can be Moved and rewritten, especially if no target page exists.

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APWeb/APG Distribution of Subfamilies, Tribes and Genera of Liliaceae with illustration of morphological diversity

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Range: |range_map = Narcissus papyraceus distrib.jpg |range_map_caption = Distribution in Spain and Portugal e.g.

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Long lists that dominate page both here and elsewhere, for instance under subdivisions, should be avoided as per

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All articles should be placed in the lowest level category which is appropriate. "Appropriate" means respecting

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Goetsch, Loretta A.; Eckert, Andrew J.; Hall, Benjamin D. (July–September 2005). "The molecular systematics of

3365: 3071:. The same principles as outlined above should be used in writing a Taxonomy page. Some taxonomy pages such as 1889: 1754: 980: 477: 2147:). The Clade template allows additional bracketing of a group of clades within a cladogram (see, for example 4453: 4009: 3361: 2936: 2778: 1234: 429: 4311: 3949: 2752: 2617: 1124: 2692: 3205: 3064: 2783: 2757: 2211: 2203: 2177: 2058: 2046: 2013: 1501:(though a common name for the family could be included). The lead should indicate growth pattern (e.g., 1243: 637: 4237: 3450: 1742:. It is frequently combined with discussions on the evolution of the taxon in botanical articles. The 4369: 3221: 3161: 2897: 2809: 1743: 1116: 4241: 4026: 3648:

in the text after the statement being referenced, which will display at the bottom of the page in a

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This page discusses a template for plant articles; for a template for articles about botanists, see

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inputs: labor, water, fertilizer, weed killer, insecticide per acre and per kilo of food production

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How do various natural phenomena, such as seasonal changes, fires, and drought, affect the species?

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and to present such work, if available, is essential. Mention whether there are still doubts about

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Species articles titled in Latin placed in genus level categories should have a sortkey with the

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For food plants or other crops grown on a large scale, potential statistics to include would be:

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Explain the defining characteristics of the taxon. Illustrations are helpful (see, for example

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Some examples of model articles for different taxonomic ranks are provided here for guidance:

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Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Plants/World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions

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history of domestication; current split between formal vs. subsistence production/consumption.

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should always be added to the very bottom of a page, below external links and other navboxes.

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Subdivision: |subdivision_ranks=Subgenera |subdivision='']''. - links to section. Also see

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classification is strongly recommended for angiosperms. It has been agreed to use the

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In listing species care should be taken to distinguish between accepted species and

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around the author's name or abbreviation to create small font as above, using the

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Topics to include in this section would usually include taxonomic history, modern

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in place of formal rank parameters. Articles on plants besides angiosperms (e.g.

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This section should describe where the taxon is, or was, found naturally, or has

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For the phytochemistry account, provide a description of specific pigments (e.g.

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pages should have Category "Taxonomy list (rank)", where applicable, added e.g.

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Botanische Jahrbücher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie

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this means that although Tournefort (Tourn.) provided the first description of

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segments) was used in constructing the phylogeny, and the processes involved.

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association, in which different subtaxa have adapted to different regions.

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Rudall, P. J.; Cribb, P. J.; Cutler, D. F.; Humphries, C. J., eds. (1995).

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What is the plant or parts of the plant used for? Examples of use include:

2949: 2640: 1718:(Systematics, Systematic botany) deals with the causes and consequences of 3224:

and substrates, being found predominantly in open spaces ranging from low

2263:

as well as the Category of the parent taxon, be titled "List of ..." e.g.

1790:. Of these, POWO is the most often used by Wikiproject Plants editors for 1750:, the process by which its present-day characteristics evolved over time. 555:

The first paragraph of a Knowledge (XXG) article is not usually a section

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For a discussion of the most appropriate place to discuss evolution, see

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How do other animals or plants use it, such as for construction of nests?

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Articles are placed in Flora of X or (in that case) Trees of X articles.

3714:

Chamberlain, DF; Hyam, R; Argent, G; Fairweather, G; Walter, KS (1996).

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Explain how the taxon name was created, if known. Useful tools include:

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http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Monocotyledons&contgroup=Euangiosperms

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growing season, etc.), but not so much as to make the article violate

3024:

All taxa names should be checked against standard databases, e.g. the

4547:

Turland, N. J.; Wiersema, J. H.; Barrie, F. R.; et al., eds. (2018).

4134: 4113: 3560: 3116: 2822: 2280:

In compiling such a list it is worth considering including important

2152: 1845: 1840: 1827: 1647: 1635: 1059:

the equivalent consensus is the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (2016).

1020: 3992:

Consider creating a Navbox to tie all related pages together, e.g.;

3630:

There are a number of acceptable referencing styles. These include:

2611: 1558: 1077:

Authority: |authority=] - For the use of botanical authorities, see

3800:

is used. In the second example above, where the citation concludes

3702:== References == {{Reflist|30em|refs= <ref name=Chamberlain: --> 3685:

method places all citations in the Reference section. By using the

1144:. Also consider hidden lists using {{hidden begin}}{{hidden end}} 1111:. This could also be used to link to a subsection on the same page. 4421: 4106: 3537: 3434: 3225: 3220:

Their native habitats are very varied, with different elevations,

3185: 3173: 2731: 2382: 2325: 2014:

Evolution of placement of Liliaceae in different taxonomic schemes

1935: 1723: 1683: 1612:

and plant systematics books. Consider using as a model, Simpson's

1582: 1510: 1268: 1084:

Type: |type_species='']'' |type_species_authority=] - Include the

778: 606: 595: 3816:

External links can also be added, for instance a page in a book,

1497:

article, for a user who wants to quickly get to another article.

1074:

Image: |image=Narcissus.radiiflorus.1658.jpg |image_caption='']''

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can be re-used in multiple places to refer to the same citation.

3345: 3104: 2835: 2370: 2351:(in Latin and German). Vol. 11. Leipzig: Engelmann. pp. 318–337. 2313: 1909:(in Latin), vol. 1, Stockholm: Impensis Laurentii Salvii, p. 302 1689: 1623: 1546: 1514: 1137: 1052: 458: 3998: 3607:

Knowledge (XXG):Identifying reliable sources (natural sciences)

2615: 2542:

List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names

2125:

Describe how the evolutionary processes, lines and history and

1953:(IAPT) committees, also published there. Other sources include 1833:

International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants

2416:, since in horticultural use it is not uncommon to find, e.g. 1071:

Temporal range: |fossil_range={{fossil range|24|0}} ] - Recent

453: 1639:. This is followed by reproductive features, in the order of 4277:

World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions

1849: 1805:, including when and how the taxon was discovered or first 1344: 3885: 2274:

that it refers only to selected taxa (see example below).

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is montane and restricted to Morocco, Spain and Portugal.

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is it found? (forests, deserts, alpine slopes etc.) What

1553:

and update it where necessary. Another useful linkage is

1122:

Conservation: |status = EN |status_system = IUCN3.1 e.g.

1033:

employs the informal APG clades. When using the standard

613:

Amaryllidaceae. It is now included within a more broadly

582:

in 2019. In this case the lead has been revised to read;

3284:

with the environment. Topics for consideration include;

1107:

where the intermediate rank is subgenera and link is to

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Articles titled in English should avoid using sortkeys.

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not all plant articles will contain all these sections.

440: 476:

It contains the advice and/or opinions of one or more

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Articles are placed in a variety of categories (e.g.

3984:

to display external identifiers in a compact manner.

1859:

1: 302 (1753). This is the authority as cited by the

1019:

consensus is to use the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group's

1608:

Where possible follow the approach used by standard

992:

Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Plants/Automatic taxobox

559:, but a leader that briefly summarizes the article. 4275:The flora category hierarchy should conform to the 4175: 4148: 4075: 4048: 4039: 2624: 2451:(4th. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3466:annual consumption per capita in various countries 4229:The major categorization schemes for plants are: 4219:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Plants/Categorization 3882:In {{Harvtxt|Rudall|Cribb|Cutler|Humphries|1995}} 3809: 3107:types it is found in, plants associated with it ( 519:Note that this template is only a suggestion and 484:may be interpreted within their area of interest. 4559:. Shenzhen: Glashütten: Koeltz Botanical Books. 3123:? (Mediterranean basin, Himalayas etc.) In what 3115:), and how densely it grows. In what geographic 2178:Comparison of Modern Classifications Schemes of 3831:, and include a link to both the full citation: 2129:have contributed to the diversity, and discuss 1616:using the bolded terms as subsection headings: 1147:For an example of a collapsible list, see, the 3409:International Union for Conservation of Nature 3354:of life-forms (e.g. phanerophytes, epiphytes). 3288:Growth cycles (life cycle) - seasonal changes. 1988:, and any disputes about classification (e.g. 4010: 8: 4355:Add the WikiProject Plants banner template, 2073:. Include an account of what evidence (e.g. 1951:International Association for Plant Taxonomy 1927:(in Latin), Paris: Typographia Regia, p. 369 3924:, in which case the appropriate link is ]. 3842:A primer of botanical Latin with vocabulary 3824: 2520:"Botanical Latin: The Poetry of Herb Names" 4045: 4017: 4003: 3995: 3911:in a subsequent Bibliography (see below). 3026:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2612: 1879:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 1861:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 1233: 1153: 743: 656: 439: 156: 4340:for examples and suggestions. E.g. ] for 3895:Monocotyledons: Systematics and Evolution 3495:Possible subsections, where appropriate: 3460:total annual production/harvest worldwide 3263:has a lowland distribution, but subgenus 651:Project Plants guide to Automatic taxobox 3845:. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1863:(WCSPF). The citation to WCSPF could be 609:in the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the 578:was transferred to become a subgenus of 4488: 4465: 3804:, the short footnote in the text reads 3425:This section should only be used where 3180:). A few species extend the range into 1363: 3682: 3433:aspect of the plant or group, such as 2237:, which links to each subgenus page). 1044: 3869:external link to the page in question 3637:2. Inline, placing a citation such as 2398:. For longer lists use columns (e.g. 7: 3753:(Ericaceae): a phylogeny based upon 3481:environmental/sustainability aspects 2973:90f9029c-fbed-408f-8f1c-cf88f9947855 2898:f5a0ba19-f450-4390-bc2c-398b74bb4c2d 988:Template:Automatic taxobox/doc/intro 47: 4314:) that reflect their use by humans. 1597:, including details about tissues, 529:Useful templates for plant articles 494:Knowledge (XXG) policy or guideline 3839:Short, Emma; George, Alex (2013). 3463:top ten country production figures 2504:"Dictionary of Botanical Epithets" 2261:Category:Taxonomic lists (species) 2144:Rhododendron:Phylogenetic analyses 1017:Knowledge (XXG):Wikiproject Plants 498:thoroughly vetted by the community 24: 18:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Plants 3814:{{sfn|Goetsch|Eckert|Hall|p=620}} 3721:: its classification and synonymy 3490:Food and Agriculture Organisation 3488:One source of information is the 3445:and horticulture) under "Uses". 2518:Morgan, Michelle (October 2005). 1922:Institutiones rei herbariae vol. 4025: 3806:{{sfn|Goetsch|Eckert|Hall|2005}} 1798:what the accepted authority is. 1255: 911: 765: 457: 28: 3940:Books, Articles, Websites etc. 3810:Goetsch, Eckert & Hall 2005 3726:Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh 3593:WP:"In popular culture" content 2481:. Portland, Or.: Timber Press. 2137:, which may be embedded in the 1990:Hippeastrum nomenclature debate 1973:International Plant Names Index 1784:International Plant Names Index 3897:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 3664:<ref name=Chamberlain/: --> 3573:Research and technology, e.g. 3280:This is all about the taxon's 3119:does it grow, and what is its 2937:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1558-1 2598:would generate the bar below: 2206:). Use Cladograms to show the 631:Add a short description using 1: 3971: 3802:|doi=10.1600/0363644054782170 3643:<ref name=Chamberlain: --> 3015:Wikidata:WikiProject Taxonomy 2065:and the most closely related 1078: 956:in an existing article to an 4512:Simpson, Michael G. (2011). 4251:in lowercase, e.g. ] on the 3821:{{sfn|Short|George|2013|p=}} 3059:Splitting complex taxonomies 2057:Modern taxonomy is based on 2030:Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group 1949:or the deliberations of the 1734:and pathways which produced 594:) was a formerly recognized 322:Assessments & statistics 288:Assessments & statistics 3704:<ref name="Goetsch": --> 3472:wholesale and retail prices 3453:(become a "how-to" guide). 3069:Taxonomy of the Orchidaceae 2400:List of Hippeastrum species 2141:template (see, for example 1585:, and where applicable its 1579:Glossary of botanical terms 1157:WikiProject Plants/Template 1109:List of Fritillaria species 660:WikiProject Plants/Template 356:Template for plant articles 4629: 4608:WikiProject content advice 4222: 4216: 3808:. This displays as linked 3662:template is placed there. 3610: 3604: 3320:mechanisms. For instance, 3038:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2245: 2026:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 1969:standardised abbreviations 1914:Tournefort, Josephi Pitton 1884:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 1780:Plants of the World Online 1761:derivation of the taxon's 648: 633:template:short description 526: 4269:The geographical scheme: 3077:Category:Plant taxonomies 2396:List of Narcissus species 2362:Hippeastrum angustifolium 2305:Hippeastrum angustifolium 2265:List of Narcissus species 2248:List of Narcissus species 2149:Cladogram of the monocots 1657:(if undifferentiated) or 1532:morphological description 1530:). This can include both 1356: 1351: 1336: 1329: 1252:Scientific classification 1250: 1241: 1232: 1156: 1007:For the largest group of 908: 903: 888: 881: 762:Scientific classification 760: 751: 742: 659: 437: 426: 417: 378: 349: 315: 281: 272: 203: 166:Scientific classification 164: 155: 146: 3773:10.1600/0363644054782170 3693:need appear in the text. 3083:Distribution and habitat 2605:{{Taxonbar|from=Q29465}} 2502:Griffith, Chuck (2005). 2445:Gledhill, David (2006). 2356:Which would be coded as: 1907:Species Plantarum vol. 1 1890:Author citation (botany) 1838:As an example, consider 1755:taxonomic classification 1595:anatomical peculiarities 1163:Upper Cretaceous– Recent 430:Flora naming conventions 4454:Ornithogalum umbellatum 3825:Short & George 2013 3691:<ref name=Name/: --> 3228:to rocky hillsides and 2424:written incorrectly as 2198:Use Tables to show the 4312:Category:Edible plants 4233:The taxonomic scheme: 3411:(IUCN) Red List. (see 3302: 3273: 3214: 2374:Amaryllis angustifolia 2317:Amaryllis angustifolia 2121:Evolutionary processes 1732:evolutionary processes 1696: 1605:and other structures. 1125:Narcissus alcaracensis 1015:("flowering plants"), 3587:Cultural significance 3294: 3215: 3206:Eastern Mediterranean 3148: 3065:Taxonomy of Liliaceae 2188:Modern classification 2059:phylogenetic analyses 2020:Modern classification 1669:(if differentiated), 1618: 1244:Asparagus officinalis 1140:. If unavoidable use 638:Narcissus bulbocodium 635:at top of page, e.g. 496:, as it has not been 3886:Rudall et al. (1995) 3867:but also a separate 3350:Relationship to the 3162:Mediterranean region 3156:occurs primarily in 2548:Tools and procedures 2339:Pax, Ferdinand Albin 1979:Historical treatment 1821:. For instance, for 1746:of the taxon is its 1744:evolutionary history 1117:Narcissus papyraceus 204:Project information 4322:do not use sortkeys 4292:do not use sortkeys 4287:taxon is monotypic. 3884:" displays as "In 3710:which displays as: 3613:WP:SAYWHEREYOUGOTIT 3565:Recreational, e.g. 3554:Apocynum cannabinum 3499:Cultivation history 3475:production per acre 3469:import/export flows 3368:should go here too. 3166:centre of diversity 3158:Southwestern Europe 3121:centre of diversity 3073:Taxonomy of Banksia 2448:The names of plants 2426:Begonia benariensis 1992:). Mention whether 1803:botanical authority 1774:Botanical authority 1092:, where applicable. 572:instance the genus 4613:WikiProject Plants 4565:10.12705/Code.2018 4520:. Academic Press. 4360:WikiProject Plants 4299:The usage scheme: 3505:Pests and diseases 3373:Pests and diseases 3139:may demonstrate a 3034:World Flora Online 2473:Stearn, William T. 2221:Lists and subpages 2210:(see, for example 2202:(see, for example 1965:Use <small: --> 1888:. As explained in 1825:the type genus is 1481:Hesperocallidaceae 1045:|unranked_divisio= 891:Narcissus poeticus 754:Narcissus poeticus 563:Taxonomic revision 541:Syzygium racemosum 410:Attention requests 308:Recognized content 267:WikiProject Plants 149:WikiProject Plants 39:WikiProject Plants 4553:Regnum Vegetabile 4526:978-0-08-051404-8 4518:Plant Systematics 4320:These categories 4290:These categories 4209: 4208: 4144: 4143: 3903:978-0-947643-85-0 3876:Cross referencing 3760:Systematic Botany 3757:gene sequences". 3687:{{Reflist|refs=}} 3322:insect pollinated 3222:bioclimatic areas 3170:Iberian Peninsula 3006: 3005: 2906:Open Tree of Life 2618:Taxon identifiers 2587:Authority Control 2428:. Similarly some 2404:collapsible lists 2385: 2369: 2328: 2312: 1852: 1769:Taxonomic history 1614:Plant Systematics 1489: 1488: 1441:Hemerocallidaceae 1325: 1142:collapsible lists 1028:Automatic taxobox 961:Automatic taxobox 938:Automatic taxobox 920: 919: 877: 627:Short description 511:Botanist template 506: 505: 452: 451: 447: 405:Image ID requests 380:How can you help? 142: 141: 89:Botanist template 4620: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4533: 4509: 4503: 4493: 4476: 4470: 4450:Acacia pycnantha 4394:Lilioid monocots 4374: 4368: 4364: 4358: 4308:Category:Legumes 4249:specific epithet 4046: 4029: 4019: 4012: 4005: 3996: 3988:Navigation boxes 3983: 3977: 3907: 3888:." and links to 3883: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3823:will display as 3822: 3815: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3793: 3783: 3745: 3743: 3741: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3674: 3665: 3661: 3655: 3651: 3645: 3627: 3621: 3535:Medicinal, e.g. 3235:, and including 3135:? Note that the 2999: 2998: 2986: 2985: 2976: 2975: 2963: 2962: 2953: 2952: 2940: 2939: 2927: 2926: 2914: 2913: 2901: 2900: 2891: 2890: 2878: 2877: 2875:NHMSYS0000460847 2865: 2864: 2852: 2851: 2839: 2838: 2826: 2825: 2813: 2812: 2800: 2799: 2787: 2786: 2774: 2773: 2761: 2760: 2748: 2747: 2735: 2734: 2722: 2721: 2709: 2708: 2696: 2695: 2683: 2682: 2670: 2669: 2660: 2659: 2658: 2645: 2644: 2643: 2613: 2606: 2591: 2585: 2581: 2575: 2565: 2559: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2524: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2391: 2376: 2365: 2352: 2319: 2308: 2299:Selected species 1928: 1910: 1887: 1844: 1792:flowering plants 1599:vascular bundles 1421:Xanthorrhoeaceae 1321: 1260: 1259: 1237: 1227: 1164: 1160:Temporal range: 1154: 1046: 1042: 1036: 1032: 1026: 985: 979: 975: 969: 965: 959: 955: 949: 942: 936: 932: 926: 873: 770: 769: 747: 733: 670: 663:Temporal range: 657: 492:is not a formal 489:This information 482:content policies 461: 454: 395:Taxobox requests 390:Article requests 366:Useful templates 303:Project category 275:Project subpages 160: 144: 143: 135: 124: 113: 102: 91: 80: 69: 58: 48: 42: 40: 32: 31: 4628: 4627: 4623: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4618: 4617: 4598: 4597: 4596: 4595: 4585: 4583: 4574: 4546: 4545: 4541: 4531: 4529: 4527: 4511: 4510: 4506: 4494: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4479: 4471: 4467: 4462: 4381: 4372: 4366: 4362: 4356: 4353: 4254:Drosera zonaria 4227: 4221: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4171: 4150:Calochortoideae 4140: 4071: 4035: 4023: 3990: 3981: 3975: 3946: 3934: 3922:Stigma (botany) 3917: 3904: 3892: 3881: 3878: 3856: 3854: 3852: 3838: 3820: 3813: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3791: 3748: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3713: 3707: 3690: 3686: 3678: 3672: 3663: 3659: 3653: 3652:section if the 3650:==References == 3649: 3642: 3625: 3619: 3615: 3609: 3601: 3589: 3529: 3521: 3423: 3389: 3375: 3352:Raunkiær system 3278: 3257:Pseudonarcissus 3188:, and even the 3182:southern France 3113:vegetation type 3085: 3007: 3002: 2994: 2989: 2981: 2979: 2971: 2966: 2958: 2956: 2948: 2943: 2935: 2930: 2922: 2917: 2909: 2904: 2896: 2894: 2886: 2881: 2873: 2868: 2860: 2855: 2847: 2842: 2834: 2829: 2821: 2816: 2808: 2803: 2795: 2790: 2782: 2777: 2769: 2764: 2756: 2751: 2743: 2738: 2730: 2725: 2717: 2712: 2704: 2699: 2691: 2686: 2678: 2673: 2665: 2663: 2654: 2653: 2648: 2639: 2638: 2633: 2620: 2604: 2589: 2583: 2579: 2573: 2563: 2557: 2550: 2532: 2530: 2522: 2517: 2508: 2506: 2501: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2471: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2444: 2438: 2360: 2353: 2337: 2250: 2165: 2151:). Include the 2055: 2043: 2041:Characteristics 2022: 1966:</small: --> 1912: 1897: 1864: 1853:, published in 1813:if known, e.g. 1771: 1713: 1701: 1591:floral diagrams 1567: 1523: 1507:perennial plant 1494: 1485: 1451:Aphyllanthaceae 1396:Tecophilaeaceae 1376:Blandfordiaceae 1362: 1361: 1347: 1254: 1228: 1226: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1162: 1161: 1134: 1065: 1040: 1034: 1030: 1024: 983: 981:Infraspeciesbox 977: 973: 967: 963: 957: 953: 947: 940: 934: 930: 924: 899: 848:Amaryllidoideae 764: 738: 732: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 665: 664: 653: 647: 629: 565: 531: 502: 501: 472:article content 214:20 August 2004 151: 131: 120: 109: 98: 87: 76: 65: 54: 46: 45: 44: 38: 36: 33: 29: 22: 21: 20: 12: 11: 5: 4626: 4624: 4616: 4615: 4610: 4600: 4599: 4594: 4593: 4572: 4539: 4525: 4504: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4478: 4477: 4464: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4457: 4456: 4441: 4418: 4407: 4396: 4380: 4379:Model articles 4377: 4352: 4349: 4348: 4347: 4327: 4326: 4325: 4318: 4315: 4304:Category:Herbs 4297: 4296: 4295: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4273: 4267: 4266: 4265: 4261: 4258: 4245: 4214: 4211: 4207: 4206: 4204: 4203: 4196: 4189: 4181: 4179: 4177:Streptopoideae 4173: 4172: 4170: 4169: 4162: 4154: 4152: 4146: 4145: 4142: 4141: 4139: 4138: 4131: 4124: 4117: 4110: 4103: 4096: 4089: 4081: 4079: 4073: 4072: 4070: 4069: 4062: 4054: 4052: 4043: 4037: 4036: 4030:Genera of the 4024: 4022: 4021: 4014: 4007: 3999: 3989: 3986: 3945: 3944:External links 3942: 3933: 3930: 3916: 3913: 3909: 3908: 3902: 3877: 3874: 3873: 3872: 3865: 3864: 3863: 3850: 3833: 3832: 3787: 3786: 3785: 3784: 3767:(3): 616–626. 3746: 3733: 3701: 3700: 3699: 3695: 3694: 3668: 3667: 3646: 3639: 3638: 3635: 3600: 3597: 3588: 3585: 3580: 3579: 3571: 3563: 3557: 3549: 3541: 3528: 3525: 3520: 3517: 3516: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3486: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3422: 3419: 3388: 3385: 3374: 3371: 3370: 3369: 3366:naturalisation 3358: 3355: 3348: 3334: 3331: 3315: 3312: 3309: 3308:relationships. 3290: 3289: 3277: 3274: 3253:rocky crevices 3084: 3081: 3061: 3060: 3053: 3052: 3045:The Plant List 3022: 3021: 3020:Accepted names 3004: 3003: 3001: 3000: 2996:wfo-4000025329 2987: 2977: 2964: 2954: 2941: 2928: 2915: 2902: 2892: 2879: 2866: 2853: 2840: 2827: 2814: 2801: 2788: 2775: 2762: 2749: 2736: 2723: 2710: 2697: 2684: 2671: 2661: 2646: 2630: 2628: 2622: 2621: 2616: 2610: 2609: 2608: 2607: 2555: 2554: 2549: 2546: 2545: 2544: 2539: 2515: 2499: 2487:978-0881925562 2486: 2469: 2456: 2437: 2434: 2358: 2357: 2354: 2336: 2334: 2329: 2301: 2296: 2246:Main article: 2223: 2222: 2190: 2189: 2173: 2172: 2164: 2161: 2123: 2122: 2107:phytochemistry 2054: 2051: 2042: 2039: 2021: 2018: 1981: 1980: 1899:Linnaeus, Carl 1776: 1775: 1770: 1767: 1722:of an entity ( 1712: 1709: 1700: 1699:Phytochemistry 1697: 1587:floral formula 1566: 1563: 1536:phytochemistry 1522: 1519: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1484: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1426:Amaryllidaceae 1423: 1418: 1416:Xeronemataceae 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1359: 1358: 1357: 1354: 1353: 1349: 1348: 1343: 1342: 1334: 1333: 1327: 1326: 1320: 1315: 1311: 1310: 1305: 1298: 1297: 1292: 1285: 1284: 1279: 1272: 1271: 1266: 1262: 1261: 1248: 1247: 1239: 1238: 1230: 1229: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1165: 1159: 1158: 1151:infobox here; 1133: 1130: 1129: 1128: 1120: 1112: 1100: 1093: 1082: 1075: 1072: 1064: 1061: 918: 917: 906: 905: 901: 900: 895: 894: 886: 885: 879: 878: 872: 865: 861: 860: 855: 851: 850: 845: 841: 840: 838:Amaryllidaceae 835: 831: 830: 825: 821: 820: 815: 808: 807: 802: 795: 794: 789: 782: 781: 776: 772: 771: 758: 757: 749: 748: 740: 739: 735:Late Oligocene 727: 722: 717: 712: 707: 702: 697: 692: 687: 682: 677: 672: 671: 662: 661: 646: 643: 628: 625: 564: 561: 525: 524: 504: 503: 486: 485: 464: 462: 450: 449: 435: 434: 433: 432: 424: 423: 415: 414: 413: 412: 407: 402: 400:Image requests 397: 392: 387: 376: 375: 374: 373: 368: 363: 358: 347: 346: 345: 344: 339: 334: 329: 324: 313: 312: 311: 310: 305: 300: 295: 293:Article alerts 290: 279: 278: 270: 269: 264: 258: 257: 252: 249: 248: 243: 237: 236: 231: 228: 227: 225:Active Editors 222: 216: 215: 212: 206: 205: 201: 200: 193: 189: 188: 183: 179: 178: 173: 169: 168: 162: 161: 153: 152: 147: 140: 139: 137: 128: 126: 117: 115: 106: 104: 95: 93: 84: 82: 78:Taxon template 73: 71: 62: 60: 51: 34: 27: 26: 25: 23: 15: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4625: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4605: 4603: 4582: 4579: 4575: 4573:9783946583165 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4543: 4540: 4528: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4514:"Angiosperms" 4508: 4505: 4501: 4500: 4492: 4489: 4482: 4475: 4469: 4466: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4446: 4442: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4423: 4419: 4417: 4413: 4412: 4408: 4406: 4402: 4401: 4397: 4395: 4391: 4390: 4386: 4385: 4384: 4378: 4376: 4371: 4361: 4350: 4345: 4344: 4343:Pimelea flava 4339: 4335: 4331: 4328: 4323: 4319: 4316: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4278: 4274: 4271: 4270: 4268: 4262: 4259: 4256: 4255: 4250: 4246: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4231: 4230: 4226: 4220: 4212: 4202: 4201: 4197: 4195: 4194: 4190: 4188: 4187: 4183: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4174: 4168: 4167: 4163: 4161: 4160: 4156: 4155: 4153: 4151: 4147: 4137: 4136: 4132: 4130: 4129: 4125: 4123: 4122: 4118: 4116: 4115: 4111: 4109: 4108: 4104: 4102: 4101: 4097: 4095: 4094: 4090: 4088: 4087: 4083: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4074: 4068: 4067: 4063: 4061: 4060: 4056: 4055: 4053: 4051: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4020: 4015: 4013: 4008: 4006: 4001: 4000: 3997: 3993: 3987: 3985: 3980: 3973: 3968: 3966: 3962: 3957: 3955: 3951: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3931: 3929: 3925: 3923: 3914: 3912: 3905: 3900: 3896: 3891: 3890: 3889: 3887: 3875: 3870: 3866: 3853: 3851:9781107693753 3848: 3844: 3843: 3837: 3836: 3835: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3819: 3811: 3796: 3789: 3788: 3781: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3761: 3756: 3752: 3747: 3736: 3734:1-872291-66-X 3731: 3727: 3723: 3722: 3718: 3712: 3711: 3709: 3708: 3697: 3696: 3677: 3670: 3669: 3658: 3647: 3641: 3640: 3636: 3633: 3632: 3631: 3628: 3624: 3614: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3586: 3584: 3578: 3577: 3572: 3570: 3569: 3564: 3562: 3559:Timber, e.g. 3558: 3556: 3555: 3550: 3548: 3547: 3542: 3540: 3539: 3534: 3533: 3532: 3526: 3524: 3518: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3497: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3458: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3446: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3415: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3381: 3372: 3367: 3363: 3362:hybridisation 3359: 3356: 3353: 3349: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3336:Is the plant 3335: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3323: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3293: 3287: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3213: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3152: 3151:Distribution: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3091:. Talk about 3090: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3058: 3057: 3056: 3050: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3041: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3019: 3018: 3017: 3016: 3011: 2997: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2978: 2974: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2893: 2889: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2662: 2657: 2651: 2647: 2642: 2636: 2632: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2614: 2603: 2602: 2601: 2600: 2599: 2597: 2596: 2588: 2578: 2571: 2569: 2562: 2552: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2540: 2528: 2521: 2516: 2505: 2500: 2489: 2484: 2480: 2479: 2474: 2470: 2459: 2454: 2450: 2449: 2443: 2442: 2441: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2410:Nomenclature: 2407: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2392: 2390: 2387:</sup: --> 2384: 2380: 2373: 2372: 2368: 2363: 2355: 2350: 2349: 2344: 2343:Engler, Adolf 2340: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2323: 2318: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2306: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2294: 2293: 2288: 2287: 2286: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2272: 2268: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2242: 2238: 2236: 2235: 2229: 2220: 2219: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2209: 2208:relationships 2205: 2201: 2197: 2196:Illustration: 2193: 2187: 2186: 2185: 2184: 2182: 2181: 2170: 2169: 2168: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2145: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2120: 2119: 2118: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2031: 2027: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 2000:), rejected ( 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1978: 1977: 1976: 1974: 1970: 1964: 1960: 1958: 1957: 1952: 1948: 1947: 1942: 1938: 1937: 1930: 1926: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1895: 1891: 1885: 1881: 1880: 1875: 1874:: 302 (1753)" 1873: 1870:Tourn. ex L. 1869: 1862: 1858: 1857: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1842: 1836: 1834: 1830: 1829: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1811:type specimen 1808: 1807:circumscribed 1804: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1773: 1772: 1768: 1766: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1751: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1710: 1708: 1706: 1698: 1695: 1694: 1692: 1691: 1686: 1685: 1680: 1679: 1674: 1673: 1668: 1667: 1662: 1661: 1656: 1655: 1650: 1649: 1644: 1643: 1642:inflorescence 1638: 1637: 1632: 1631: 1626: 1625: 1617: 1615: 1611: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1575: 1571: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1543: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1520: 1518: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1498: 1491: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1471:Laxmanniaceae 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1461:Hyacinthaceae 1459: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1436:Asphodelaceae 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1406:Ixioliriaceae 1404: 1402: 1401:Doryanthaceae 1399: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1355: 1350: 1346: 1341: 1340: 1335: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1309: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1286: 1283: 1282:Tracheophytes 1280: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1240: 1236: 1231: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1145: 1143: 1139: 1131: 1127: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1118: 1113: 1110: 1106: 1101: 1098: 1094: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1080: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1069: 1068: 1062: 1060: 1058: 1057:pteridophytes 1054: 1050: 1039: 1029: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1005: 1002: 998: 993: 989: 982: 972: 962: 952: 944: 939: 929: 916: 914: 913: 907: 902: 898: 893: 892: 887: 884: 880: 876: 871: 870: 866: 863: 862: 859: 856: 853: 852: 849: 846: 843: 842: 839: 836: 833: 832: 829: 826: 823: 822: 819: 816: 813: 810: 809: 806: 803: 800: 797: 796: 793: 792:Tracheophytes 790: 787: 784: 783: 780: 777: 774: 773: 768: 763: 759: 756: 755: 750: 746: 741: 736: 730: 725: 720: 715: 710: 705: 700: 695: 690: 685: 680: 675: 669: 658: 655: 652: 644: 642: 640: 639: 634: 626: 624: 622: 621: 616: 615:circumscribed 612: 608: 604: 601: 597: 593: 589: 588: 583: 581: 577: 576: 569: 562: 560: 558: 553: 550: 545: 543: 542: 537: 530: 523: 522: 517: 516: 515: 514: 512: 499: 495: 491: 490: 483: 479: 475: 473: 469: 463: 460: 456: 455: 448: 446: 442: 436: 431: 428: 427: 425: 422: 421: 416: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 396: 393: 391: 388: 386: 383: 382: 381: 377: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 353: 352: 348: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 327:Collaboration 325: 323: 320: 319: 318: 314: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 298:Popular pages 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 285: 284: 280: 277: 276: 271: 268: 265: 263: 260: 259: 256: 253: 251: 250: 247: 244: 242: 239: 238: 235: 232: 230: 229: 226: 223: 221: 220:Participants: 218: 217: 213: 211: 208: 207: 202: 199: 198: 194: 191: 190: 187: 184: 181: 180: 177: 174: 172:Superdomain: 171: 170: 167: 163: 159: 154: 150: 145: 138: 136: 134: 129: 127: 125: 123: 118: 116: 114: 112: 107: 105: 103: 101: 96: 94: 92: 90: 85: 83: 81: 79: 74: 72: 70: 68: 63: 61: 59: 57: 52: 50: 49: 43: 41: 19: 4584:. Retrieved 4556: 4552: 4542: 4530:. Retrieved 4517: 4507: 4498: 4495:As changed 4491: 4468: 4443: 4420: 4409: 4405:Saxifragales 4398: 4387: 4382: 4354: 4341: 4329: 4321: 4291: 4252: 4228: 4198: 4191: 4184: 4164: 4157: 4133: 4126: 4119: 4112: 4105: 4098: 4091: 4086:Cardiocrinum 4084: 4064: 4057: 3991: 3969: 3958: 3947: 3937: 3935: 3932:Bibliography 3926: 3918: 3910: 3894: 3879: 3855:. Retrieved 3841: 3764: 3758: 3754: 3751:Rhododendron 3750: 3738:. Retrieved 3720: 3719:Rhododendron 3716: 3698:For example: 3629: 3616: 3602: 3590: 3581: 3574: 3566: 3552: 3551:Fiber, e.g. 3545: 3536: 3530: 3522: 3514:Floriculture 3511:Horticulture 3494: 3487: 3455: 3447: 3443:floriculture 3430: 3424: 3412: 3390: 3387:Conservation 3378: 3376: 3342:allelopathic 3325: 3296: 3295: 3291: 3281: 3279: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3217: 3216: 3210:N. serotinus 3209: 3201: 3198:N. serotinus 3197: 3193: 3153: 3150: 3149: 3145: 3141:phylogenetic 3137:biogeography 3086: 3062: 3054: 3042: 3023: 3009: 3008: 2625: 2593: 2572: 2556: 2531:. Retrieved 2526: 2507:. Retrieved 2491:. Retrieved 2477: 2461:. 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