203:) which infest birds. Sarcoptic mites as adults are microscopic, nearly circular in outline, and their legs are short, adapted for burrowing. The females, after mating with males on the surface of their host's skin, burrow into the living layers of the epidermis (mainly the stratum spinosum). They make long tunnels horizontal to the surface of the skin. Eggs are laid in the tunnels and development of larvae and nymphs occurs in such tunnels. The feeding of the mites and their excretory products irritates and inflames the skin, causing intense pruritus. Dermal hypersensitivity reactions will develop in the host. Chronic infestations lead to thickening of the skin by overproduction of epidermal cells (acanthosis), resulting in a characteristic depilated and scaly appearance. Stress caused by the pruritus can be severe, and will result in lost productivity of most species of livestock animals. Camels are prone to severe infestation and wild animals such as foxes may die from sarcoptes infestation.
110:. The nymph is similar to the larva but has four pairs of legs. Then the nymph feeds and molts. This molt is either to the first of several more nymph stages, or to an adult. The adult is defined as a sexually mature female or male, and has four pairs of legs. These similar stages (or instars) are in a sequence known as an incomplete metamorphosis. The potential reproductive capacity of a female mite is low compared to ticks because the eggs are large relative to the small female. However, the survival of larvae laid on their hosts or in nests of their hosts is high, and the life-cycle is short, so mite populations can expand rapidly under favorable conditions. Ectoparasitic mites typically transfer by crawling between hosts in close contact (see also section on control). The unusual life-cycle of trombiculid mites is described in the section on blood-sucking mites.
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Puppies are more susceptible to infestation at this age because their immune systems are immature. All dogs will become infested in this way but usually only low levels of infestation persist, without pruritus or other signs of clinical disease. Some dogs become heavily infested, likely because of an immune dysfunction. This results in severe inflammation of the epidermis with acanthosis. The skin may become so thickened that folds form, and bacterial infection of excessive sebaceous secretions (
415:
305:
218:
67:
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399:, the cat fur mite is typical. These mites live within the fur of cats and dogs, feeding on sloughed scales of skin. Often this causes little reaction in the host, but pruritus, seborrhea and pustules in the skin may develop as an allergic reaction to the mites. The adult mites are visible crawling in the fur and may cause similar skin reactions in the pet's owner. Other genera of mites that cause similar problems in colonies of rodents are
83:
301:, the harvest mite, causes severe pruritus to its host after it has detached. Feeding by the larvae involves secretion of a feeding tube, the stylostome, into the host's skin. This remains when the larva detaches and proteins in the secretion induce inflammatory and dermal hypersensitivity reactions, with intense pruritus. Domestic birds, dogs and humans are among the other hosts afflicted by this temporary infestation.
551:
special attention because they act as strong sources of infestation to other animals in the same population. Close attention to domestic animals is necessary, including regular hand grooming of companion animals. This enables early signs of infestation to be detected and treatment applied when it likely to have highest effect. Hygiene measures must be appropriate to the type of infestation.
58:. Mites are highly varied and their classification is complex; a simple grouping is used in this introductory article. Vernacular terms to describe diseases caused by mites include scab, mange, and scabies. Mites and ticks have substantially different biology from, and are classed separately from, insects (the class Insecta).
281:, the red chicken mite is typical. Dense infestations of a poultry house cause much biting stress and loss of production to the birds, and human workers in the houses are bitten. Originally a parasite centered on the nest of its host, this species has become a major pest in commercial poultry houses. A similar genus is
560:
mites infest all individuals of their natural host species, but it is only those individuals who cannot control the infestations by natural immune defenses that are treated, including not breeding from them. Mites causing asthma and similar conditions are controlled substantially by thorough cleaning
296:
Trombiculid mites (chiggers) also feed on blood, but only in the larval stage. The life-cycle starts with eggs laid in the environment of the normal hosts of the larvae, typically rodents and other small mammals. After the engorged larva molts to a nymph the remaining life-cycle comprises stages that
241:
of its hosts. Most species of mammal, including humans, are readily infested with these minute mites, but typically the infestation level is very low. The individual mites remain external to the epidermis within the follicle, but appear to be within the skin because they are below the general outer
139:
infests the superficial layers of the skin among the dead cells of the stratum corneum. Irritation of the outer skin by the mite's mouthparts and saliva results in cutaneous hypersensitivity and inflammatory exudation of serum and fresh cells. The mites feed on this exudate. The skin loses its hair
550:
as dust formulations are also used in this context; the dust abrades the waterproof cuticle of the mites which then die of dehydration. The intense infestations with psoroptic, sarcoptic and demodectic mites that build up in some individual animals (often because of reduced immune competence) need
555:
mites can live off the host on fomites such as scraps of sheep's wool for several weeks and act as a source of infestation. Close contact between hosts when confined in pens aids spread of these highly contagious mites. Sarcoptic mites are contagious by very close contact and infested animals are
359:
These can be caused indirectly by free living mites within the fabric of building and on stored foods such as grain and hay. They are most commonly seen as asthma and dermatitis in humans living in the housing or handling the materials but domestic animals such as dogs and horses can also develop
252:
in dogs. Demodex mites are microscopic, cigar-shaped and have very short legs. These mites seem to feed on epidermal cells. They can crawl out on the surface of the skin, aided by secretions from the skin's sebaceous glands. Puppies become infected by close contact with the bitch during suckling.
276:
The dermanyssid mites are visible to the naked eye and have long powerful legs that they use to seek their hosts. These mites live in the nest of their hosts or within the fabric of poultry houses. They infest their hosts whilst feeding for short periods. Their mouthparts are long complex organs
430:
Compared to ticks and insects of domestic animals, the parasitic mites are of limited importance as transmitters (vectors) of pathogenic organisms to domestic animals. Some mites are the intermediate host of parasitic worms, but not defined as vectors because they do not parasitize a host. For
62:
cause important types of skin disease, and some mites infest other organs. Diagnosis of mite infestations can be difficult because of the small size of most mites, but understanding how mites are adapted to feed within the structure of the skin is useful.
257:) may occur, producing an offensive smell. Demodicosis in cattle can occur as dense localized infestations. These create pustular folliculitis and indurated plaques within the dermis. This diminishes the commercial value of the animal's hide.
140:
at the sites of infestation and large flakes of dried serum and cells accumulate. The mites cause intense pruritus (itching) and the host will groom compulsively and may become severely distressed. Depilation (hair loss) may be substantial.
1118:
Carp, Richard I.; Meekerl, Harry C.; Rubenstein, Richard; Sigurdarson, Sigurdur; Papini, Michael; Kascsak, Richard J.; Kozlowski, Piotr B.; Wisniewski, Henryk M. (January 2000). "Characteristics of scrapie isolates derived from hay mites".
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is a chemical that is effective as a topical treatment for sarcoptic mange. Alternatively, acaricides that act systemically can penetrate to where the mites are feeding when they are delivered by injection. Macrocyclic lactones such as
537:
Dermanyssid mites in the fabric of poultry houses are controlled using equipment that delivers scalding water at high pressure to clean the materials, or by spraying on acaricide in a water based emulsion. Synthetic pyrethroids, or a
326:
is a typical species of this type. It infests poultry in North
America and South Africa and may cause reduction in productivity of the birds. Another genus of similar bird infesting mites is
1447:"Northern fowl mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) control evaluations using liquid formulations of diatomaceous earth, kaolin, sulfur, azadirachtin, and Beauveria bassiana on caged laying hens"
297:
are not parasitic, but free-living. There are several nymphal stages. The adults can be found crawling on vegetation, conspicuous with a dense covering of red setae (similar to hairs).
1289:
Abdel-Ghaffar, F (2008). "Field study on the efficacy of an extract of neem seed (Mite-Stop (R)) against the red mite
Dermanyssus gallinae naturally infecting poultry in Egypt".
482:(chemicals to kill mites and ticks applied to the skin). Numerous commercial formulations are available, representing several different chemical groups. Examples are: synthetic
1505:
334:
has species that infest the lungs of some monkey and rodent species. These mites aggregate in nodules within the lung but signs of clinical disease are not obvious.
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1164:"St.Louis encephalitis: transmission of virus to chickens by infected mites Dermanyssus gallinae and resulting viremia as source of virus for infection of mites"
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1535:
757:
1367:
Nisbet, A. J. (2006). "Progress and opportunities in the development of vaccines against mites, fleas and myiasis-causing flies of veterinary importance".
672:
Sargison, N (1995). "Effect of an outbreak of sheep scab (Psoroptes ovis infestation) during mid-pregnancy on ewe body condition and lamb birth weight".
594:
Van den Broek, A (2000). "Cutaneous and systemic responses during primary and challenge infestations of sheep with the sheep scab mite, Psoroptes ovis".
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tapeworm of sheep; the sheep then ingest the mites whilst grazing. As another example, free-living hay mites are a suspected reservoir for
1246:
Sargison, N.D. (1995). "Treatment of naturally occurring sheep scab (Psoroptes ovis infestation) in the United
Kingdom with ivermectin".
167:
1500:
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Curtis, C. F. (2004). "Current trends in the treatment of
Sarcoptes, Cheyletiella and Otodectes mite infestations in dogs and cats".
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17:
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Lerdthusnee, K (2002). "Efficiency of
Leptotrombidium Chiggers at transmitting Orientia tsutsugamushi to laboratory mice".
395:
A variety of mites cause mild dermatitis in their hosts and biting nuisance and disgust to the owners of domestic animals.
260:
206:
144:
infests sheep worldwide and can be a serious welfare and animal production problem, mainly for sheep, but also cattle.
900:
Chanie, M (2010). "Ectoparasites are the major causes of various types of skin lesions in small ruminants in
Ethiopia".
364:, the house-dust mite is the best known species causing such problems. Mites causing similar problems are in the genera
360:
similar diseases. The allergic reactions develop in response to foreign proteins within the fecal pellets of the mites.
1048:
Nuttall, T. J. (2001). "Characterisation of major and minor
Dermatophagoides allergens in canine atopic dermatitis".
189:
is an example: it infests many species of mammals, including humans. Other common sarcoptic mites are in the genus
102:
that are laid on the vertebrate animal host or within the nest or environment of the host. From the egg hatches a
800:
1332:
Abolins, S (2007). "Control of the sheep scab mite
Psoroptes ovis in vivo and in vitro using fungal pathogens".
525:
Mites infesting their hosts deeper within the skin are difficult to control using acaricides applied topically.
518:, are another potential alternative to chemical acaricides. Good potential for vaccination of sheep to control
462:
343:
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Mites infesting their hosts at the outer surface of the skin are removed by treatment with topically applied
964:
Jones, B. M. (1950). "The penetration of the host tissue by the harvest mite, Trombicula autumnalis Shaw".
851:
576:
Wall, R. (2001) Veterinary
Ectoparasites: biology, pathology & control. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd.
336:
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113:
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infestations are found on cattle, sheep and horses but do not cause the severe reactions associated with
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Some genera of mites have adapted to infesting the lungs and air-sacs of birds or the lungs of mammals.
73:(Hering), adult male psoroptic mite. Phylum Arthropoda, Class Arachnida, Order Acari, Family Psoroptidae
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Cohen, S. R. (1980). "Cheyletiella dermatitis: a mite infestation of rabbit, cat, dog, and man".
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Ravera, I (2013). "Small
Demodex populations colonize most parts of the skin of healthy dogs".
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Fisher, W. F. (1981). "Effects of the sheep scab mite on cumulative weight gains in cattle".
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106:, characterized by having three pairs of legs. The larva feeds on the host and molts to a
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455:, the causative agent of scrub-typhus, a notorious disease of humans in South East Asia.
780:
715:
Arlian, LG; Runyan, RA; Sorlie, LB; Estes, SA (October 1984). "Host-seeking behavior of
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Mites and Ticks of Domestic Animals: an identification guide and information source
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Arthropods of Humans and Domestic Animals: a guide to preliminary identification
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is the most important of several species of mite transmitting this bacterium.
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virus between chickens. (the main transmitters of this virus to humans are
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tree. Aqueous suspensions of fungi naturally pathogenic to mites, such as
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43:
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mosquitoes). Various species of trombiculid mite transmit the bacterium
495:
436:
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example, free-living mites of the family Oribatidae ingest the eggs of
1506:
Psoroptic mites – Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, UK
1485:
131:
Infestation of the outer skin is typically caused by psoroptic mites.
293:
the northern fowl mite cause similar problems in poultry production.
823:
Revue Scientifique et Technique (International Office of Epizootics)
18:
Knowledge (XXG) talk:Articles for creation/Mites of domestic animals
117:
Sites of infestation by mites in skin (mites not at correct scales)
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kept separate from uninfested ones until treatment is complete.
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95:
35:
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1541:
Mites in wildlife – Alberta Sustainable Resource Development
1659:
Veterinary Ectoparasites: biology, pathology & control
1536:
Sarcoptic mites in dogs and cats – Merck Veterinary Manual
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adapted for piercing their host's skin and sucking blood.
1526:
Dog nasal mites - Companion Animal Parasite Council, USA
1521:
Notoedric mites - Companion Animal Parasite Council, USA
1511:
Sarcoptic mites – Companion Animal Parasite Council, USA
164:
infestations in the ears of dogs are a common problem.
1531:
Dog ear mites - Companion Animal Parasite Council, USA
1516:
Demodex mites - Companion Animal Parasite Council, USA
156:
mites. Other common psoroptic mites are in the genera
411:
has species found on the feathers of poultry birds.
1584:Diagnostic Parasitology for Veterinary Technicians
350:larva, with stylostome extending from mouthparts
1481:Mite images from Natural History Museum, London
561:and vacuuming of the fabric of affected areas.
758:"Biology, host relations, and epidemiology of
722:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
1496:Sheep psoroptic mites – Iowa State University
443:has been shown to transmit the virus causing
183:This is typically caused by sarcoptic mites.
42:, most of which are free living but some are
8:
1601:. Dubuque: Wm. C. Brown Company Publishers,
148:infests rabbits, mainly on their outer ear.
1614:Manual of Skin Diseases of the Dog and Cat
506:. Botanical acaricides are represented by
1462:
1187:
1024:
1009:"Cytodites nudus infestation of chickens"
834:
1582:Hendrix, C.M. & Robinson, E. (2011)
817:Pence, DB; Ueckermann, E (August 2002).
355:Allergies in respiratory system and skin
1569:Georgi's Parasitology for Veterinarians
569:
213:mites (white dots) infesting sheep skin
174:(arrowed) on skin, histological section
135:for example, infests sheep and cattle.
34:cause disease and loss of production.
902:Tropical Animal Health and Production
7:
1672:Zajac, A. & Conboy, G.A. (2012)
1097:10.1001/archderm.1980.01640280071023
27:Type of parasite of domestic animals
1451:Journal of Applied Poultry Research
781:10.1146/annurev.en.34.010189.001035
522:infestation has been demonstrated.
340:infests the nasal sinuses of dogs.
1657:Wall, R. & Shearer, D. (2001)
1571:. St. Louis: Saunders / Elsevier,
25:
1676:. Chichester: Wiley – Blackwell,
1661:. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd,
1556:. London: The Stationery Office,
534:are the best known of this type.
30:Mites that infest and parasitize
1674:Veterinary Clinical Parasitology
1631:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing,
1616:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing,
1424:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2004.00362.x
1381:10.1111/j.1365-3024.2006.00803.x
1168:Journal of Experimental Medicine
946:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
879:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2012.01099.x
850:
608:10.1046/j.1365-3024.2000.00318.x
546:are typical for this treatment.
316:Infestation of respiratory tract
1599:How to Know the Mites and Ticks
1586:. St. Louis: Mosby / Elsevier,
237:, has adapted to infesting the
1646:. London: Chapman & Hall,
1050:Research in Veterinary Science
819:"Sarcoptic manage in wildlife"
639:Journal of Economic Entomology
362:Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus
289:, the tropical fowl mite, and
242:surface of the host. The mite
1:
1213:Journal of Medical Entomology
735:10.1016/S0190-9622(84)70212-X
439:, a prion disease of sheep.
1346:10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.06.008
162:Otodectes. Otodectes cynotis
50:and both comprise the order
1501:Sheep mites – Parasitipedia
769:Annual Review of Entomology
1714:
1225:10.1603/0022-2585-39.3.521
467:Cheyletiella parasitivorax
457:Leptotrombidium deliniense
1303:10.1007/s00436-008-0965-9
1133:10.3109/13550280009013157
1026:10.1080/03079458308436158
978:10.1017/s0031182000018096
914:10.1007/s11250-010-9531-4
756:Arlian, Larry G. (1989).
426:Transmission of pathogens
179:Living layer of epidermis
60:Mites of domestic animals
1491:Demodectic mites in dogs
1121:Journal of Neurovirology
1698:Veterinary parasitology
1629:Veterinary Parasitology
1486:Sarcoptic mites in dogs
1464:10.3382/japr.2011-00402
1445:Mullens, B. A. (2012).
1334:Veterinary Parasitology
1085:Archives of Dermatology
944:Veterinary Parasitology
46:. Mites are similar to
1412:Veterinary Dermatology
1062:10.1053/rvsc.2001.0485
867:Veterinary Dermatology
836:10.20506/rst.21.2.1335
516:Metarhizium anisopliae
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453:Orientia tsutsugamushi
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1291:Parasitology Research
1260:10.1136/vr.136.10.236
1162:Smith, M. G. (1947).
686:10.1136/vr.136.12.287
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445:St Louis encephalitis
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299:Trombicula autumnalis
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248:is a common cause of
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1642:Walker, A.R. (1994)
1627:Taylor, M.A.,(2007)
1612:Paterson, S. (2008)
1597:McDaniel, B. (1979)
1567:Bowman, D.D. (2009)
1180:10.1084/jem.86.3.229
651:10.1093/jee/74.2.234
510:, an extract of the
441:Dermanyssus gallinae
421:allergy causing mite
337:Pneumonyssus caninum
279:Dermanyssus gallinae
233:One genus of mites,
224:adult burrowing mite
1369:Parasite Immunology
1007:McOrist, S (1983).
942:Taylor, M.A.(2007)
596:Parasite Immunology
548:Diatomaceous earths
397:Cheyletiella blakei
272:Blood-sucking mites
267:adult follicle mite
1552:Baker, A.S.(1999)
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469:adult cat-fur mite
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146:Psoroptes cuniculi
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94:The life-cycle of
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1682:978-0-8138-2053-8
1637:978-1-4051-1964-1
1577:978-1-4160-4412-3
1248:Veterinary Record
952:978-1-4051-1964-1
760:Sarcoptes scabiei
729:(4 Pt 1): 594–8.
717:Sarcoptes scabiei
674:Veterinary Record
542:chemical such as
222:Sarcoptes scabiei
186:Sarcoptes scabiei
16:(Redirected from
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386:respiratory mite
193:, and the genus
150:Chorioptes bovis
71:Chorioptes bovis
32:domestic animals
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1359:
1324:
1297:(3): 481–485.
1281:
1238:
1219:(3): 521–525.
1203:
1174:(3): 229–237.
1154:
1127:(2): 137–144.
1110:
1091:(4): 435–437.
1075:
1040:
1019:(1): 151–154.
999:
956:
935:
892:
873:(1): 168–174.
857:
809:
806:on 2018-05-17.
748:
707:
664:
645:(2): 234–237.
629:
602:(8): 407–414.
586:
568:
566:
563:
520:Psoroptes ovis
475:
472:
427:
424:
392:
391:Nuisance mites
389:
376:, and others.
356:
353:
317:
314:
273:
270:
239:hair follicles
230:
227:
211:Psoroptes ovis
180:
177:
172:Psoroptes ovis
142:Psoroptes ovis
137:Psoroptes ovis
128:
125:
123:
120:
79:
76:
54:in the phylum
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1710:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1667:0-632-05618-5
1664:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1652:0-412-57280-X
1649:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1622:1-4051-6753-X
1619:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1607:0-697-04757-1
1604:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1592:0-323-0776-17
1589:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1562:0-11-310049-3
1559:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
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1507:
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1499:
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1474:
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1398:
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1363:
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1328:
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1312:
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1300:
1296:
1292:
1285:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1254:(10): 236–8.
1253:
1249:
1242:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
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1158:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1114:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
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1041:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1014:
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1000:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
960:
957:
953:
949:
945:
939:
936:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
896:
893:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
861:
858:
853:
846:
842:
837:
832:
829:(2): 385–98.
828:
824:
820:
813:
810:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
763:
761:
752:
749:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
723:
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708:
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691:
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668:
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660:
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652:
648:
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640:
633:
630:
625:
621:
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613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
590:
587:
583:
582:0-632-05618-5
579:
573:
570:
564:
562:
559:
554:
549:
545:
541:
535:
533:
528:
523:
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398:
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385:
381:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
354:
349:
345:
341:
339:
338:
333:
329:
328:Laminosioptes
325:
324:
315:
310:
306:
302:
300:
294:
292:
288:
284:
283:Ornithonyssus
280:
271:
266:
262:
258:
256:
251:
247:
246:
245:Demodex canis
240:
236:
229:Hair follicle
228:
223:
219:
212:
208:
204:
202:
201:Cnemidocoptes
198:
197:
196:Knemidokoptes
192:
188:
187:
178:
173:
169:
165:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
138:
134:
126:
121:
115:
111:
109:
105:
101:
97:
89:
84:
77:
72:
68:
64:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
40:invertebrates
37:
33:
19:
1673:
1658:
1643:
1628:
1613:
1598:
1583:
1568:
1553:
1454:
1450:
1440:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1171:
1167:
1157:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1088:
1084:
1078:
1056:(1): 51–57.
1053:
1049:
1043:
1016:
1012:
1002:
969:
966:Parasitology
965:
959:
943:
938:
905:
901:
895:
870:
866:
860:
826:
822:
812:
801:the original
772:
768:
759:
751:
726:
720:
716:
710:
677:
673:
667:
642:
638:
632:
599:
595:
589:
572:
557:
552:
536:
524:
519:
515:
508:azadirachtin
492:formamidines
477:
466:
456:
452:
448:
440:
432:
429:
418:
408:
407:. The genus
404:
400:
396:
394:
383:
373:
369:
365:
361:
358:
347:
335:
332:Pneumocoptes
331:
330:. The genus
327:
321:
319:
308:
298:
295:
290:
286:
282:
278:
275:
264:
243:
234:
232:
221:
210:
200:
194:
190:
184:
182:
171:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
136:
132:
130:
98:begins with
93:
87:
70:
59:
29:
1457:: 111–116.
484:pyrethroids
419:Glycyphagus
370:Glycyphagus
309:Dermanyssus
291:O.sylvarium
250:demodicosis
78:Life-cycles
775:: 139–61.
565:References
532:ivermectin
488:flumethrin
480:acaricides
374:Tyrophagus
348:Trombicula
311:adult mite
158:Chorioptes
127:Outer skin
56:Arthropoda
38:are small
553:Psoroptes
540:carbamate
405:Myocoptes
255:seborrhea
191:Notoedres
154:Psoroptes
88:Psoroptes
44:parasitic
1692:Category
1432:15030559
1397:32988131
1389:16542318
1354:17624674
1319:11765827
1311:18481087
1233:12061450
1198:19871673
1149:16441609
1141:10822327
1070:11666148
1035:18766772
986:14785964
930:22391334
922:20195754
887:23331694
845:11974622
797:35920184
702:23068831
624:41549010
616:10972847
544:carbaryl
504:fipronil
502:such as
494:such as
486:such as
409:Megninia
122:Diseases
1268:7785177
1189:2135727
1105:7369774
994:6473306
789:2494934
743:6436342
694:7793034
659:7320316
558:Demodex
496:amitraz
474:Control
437:scrapie
287:O.bursa
265:Demodex
235:Demodex
86:Female
1680:
1665:
1650:
1635:
1620:
1605:
1590:
1575:
1560:
1430:
1395:
1387:
1352:
1317:
1309:
1276:267811
1274:
1266:
1231:
1196:
1186:
1147:
1139:
1103:
1068:
1033:
992:
984:
950:
928:
920:
885:
843:
795:
787:
741:
700:
692:
657:
622:
614:
580:
498:; and
401:Myobia
366:Acarus
1393:S2CID
1315:S2CID
1272:S2CID
1145:S2CID
990:S2CID
926:S2CID
804:(PDF)
793:S2CID
765:(PDF)
698:S2CID
620:S2CID
449:Culex
108:nymph
104:larva
96:mites
52:Acari
48:ticks
36:Mites
1678:ISBN
1663:ISBN
1648:ISBN
1633:ISBN
1618:ISBN
1603:ISBN
1588:ISBN
1573:ISBN
1558:ISBN
1428:PMID
1385:PMID
1350:PMID
1307:PMID
1264:PMID
1229:PMID
1194:PMID
1137:PMID
1101:PMID
1066:PMID
1031:PMID
982:PMID
948:ISBN
918:PMID
883:PMID
841:PMID
785:PMID
739:PMID
690:PMID
655:PMID
612:PMID
578:ISBN
512:neem
403:and
199:(or
160:and
100:eggs
90:mite
1459:doi
1420:doi
1377:doi
1342:doi
1338:148
1299:doi
1295:103
1256:doi
1252:136
1221:doi
1184:PMC
1176:doi
1129:doi
1093:doi
1089:116
1058:doi
1021:doi
974:doi
910:doi
875:doi
831:doi
777:doi
731:doi
719:".
682:doi
678:136
647:doi
604:doi
1694::
1455:21
1453:.
1449:.
1426:.
1416:15
1414:.
1391:.
1383:.
1373:28
1371:.
1348:.
1336:.
1313:.
1305:.
1293:.
1270:.
1262:.
1250:.
1227:.
1217:39
1215:.
1192:.
1182:.
1172:86
1170:.
1166:.
1143:.
1135:.
1123:.
1099:.
1087:.
1064:.
1054:71
1052:.
1029:.
1017:12
1015:.
1011:.
988:.
980:.
970:40
968:.
924:.
916:.
906:42
904:.
881:.
871:24
869:.
839:.
827:21
825:.
821:.
791:.
783:.
773:34
771:.
767:.
737:.
727:11
725:.
696:.
688:.
676:.
653:.
643:74
641:.
618:.
610:.
600:22
598:.
490:;
372:,
368:,
285:;
1684:.
1669:.
1654:.
1639:.
1624:.
1609:.
1594:.
1579:.
1564:.
1467:.
1461::
1434:.
1422::
1399:.
1379::
1356:.
1344::
1321:.
1301::
1278:.
1258::
1235:.
1223::
1200:.
1178::
1151:.
1131::
1125:6
1107:.
1095::
1072:.
1060::
1037:.
1023::
996:.
976::
954:.
932:.
912::
889:.
877::
847:.
833::
779::
762:"
745:.
733::
704:.
684::
661:.
649::
626:.
606::
584:.
20:)
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