236:
435:, directly lead to habitat destruction. For example, longer dry seasons, warmer springs, and dry soil has been observed to increase the length of wildfire season in forests, shrublands and grasslands. Increased severity and longevity of wildfires can completely wipe out entire ecosystems, causing them to take decades to fully recover. Wildfires are a prime example of the direct negative effect climate change has on wildlife and ecosystems. Meanwhile, a warming climate, fluctuating precipitation, and changing weather patterns will impact species ranges. Overall, the effects of climate change increase stress on ecosystems, and species unable to cope with the rapidly changing conditions will go extinct. While modern climate change is caused by humans,
150:. Habitat destruction and fragmentation can increase the vulnerability of wildlife populations by reducing the space and resources available to them and by increasing the likelihood of conflict with humans. Moreover, destruction and fragmentation create smaller habitats. Smaller habitats support smaller populations, and smaller populations are more likely to go extinct. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant shift in human behavior, resulting in mandatory and voluntary limitations on movement. As a result, people have started utilizing green spaces more frequently, which were previously habitats for wildlife. Unfortunately, this increased human activity has caused destruction to the natural habitat of various species.
535:
496:. Of these, 25% are mammals, 14% are birds, and 40% are amphibians. However, because not all species have been assessed, these numbers could be even higher. A 2019 UN report assessing global biodiversity extrapolated IUCN data to all species and estimated that 1 million species worldwide could face extinction. Conservation of a select species are often prioritized on several factors which include significant economic and ecological value, as well as desirability or attractiveness. Yet, because resources are limited, sometimes it is not possible to give all species that need conservation due consideration.
636:
from several genetic issues including kinked tails, cardiac defects, and low fertility. In 1995, eight female Texas cougars were introduced to the
Florida population. The goal was to increase genetic diversity by introducing genes from a different, unrelated puma population. By 2007, the Florida panther population had tripled and offspring between Florida and Texas individuals had higher fertility and less genetic problems. In 2015, the US Fish and Wildlife Service estimated there were 230 adult Florida panthers and in 2017, there were signs that the population's range was expanding within Florida.
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315:
193:
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military bases, where pine forests are kept for military training purposes and occasional bombings (also for training) set fires that maintain pine savannas. Woodpeckers live in tree cavities they excavate in the trunk. In an effort to increase woodpecker numbers, artificial cavities (essentially birdhouses planted within tree trunks) were installed to give woodpeckers a place to live. An active effort is made by the US military and workers to maintain this rare habitat used by red-cockaded woodpeckers.
569:
650:
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encouraging illegal wildlife trade. On March 30, 2021, TikTik joined the
Coalition to End Wildlife Trafficking Online. They, along with other big social media companies work to protect species from illegal, harmful trade online. Research has shown that machine learning can filter through social media posts to identify indications of illegal wildlife trade. This filtration system is able to search for keywords, pictures, and phrases that indicate illegal wildlife trade, and report it.
31:
6061:
554:, which are areas of the world with an exceptionally high concentration of endemic species (species found nowhere else in the world). Many of these hotspots are in the tropics, mainly tropical forests like the Amazon. Habitat conservation is usually carried out by setting aside protected areas like national parks or nature reserves. Even when an area isn't made into a park or reserve, it can still be monitored and maintained.
6083:
6072:
5676:
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166:, which is the obtainment of timber and wood for use in construction or fuel. Deforestation causes many threats to wildlife as it not only causes habitat destruction for the many animals that survive in forests, as more than 80% of the world's species live in forests but also leads to further climate change. Deforestation is a main concern in the tropical forests of the world. Tropical forests, like the
115:
189:, overexploitation can apply to many groups including mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and plants. The danger of overexploitation is that if too many of a species offspring are taken, then the species may not recover. For example, overfishing of top marine predatory fish like tuna and salmon over the past century has led to a decline in fish sizes as well as fish numbers.
780:. To counter this, oral vaccinations are administered to these wolves within favorable bait that is widely distributed around their territories. The wolves consume the bait and with it ingest the vaccine, developing an immunity to rabies as antibodies are produced at significant levels. Wolves within these packs who did not ingest the vaccine will be protected by
170:, are home to the most biodiversity out of any other biome, making deforestation there an even more prevalent issue, especially in populated areas, as in these areas deforestation leads to habitat destruction and the endangerment of many species in one area. Some policies have been enacted to attempt to stop deforestation in different parts of the world, like the
221:, skins, and horns respectively). Less well-known targets of poaching include the harvest of protected plants and animals for souvenirs, food, skins, pets, and more. Poaching causes already small populations to decline even further as hunters tend to target threatened and endangered species because of their rarity and large profits.
613:, often decrease species survival by reducing the species' capacity to adapt or by increasing the frequency of genetic problems. Though not always the case, certain species are under threat because they have very low genetic diversity. As such, the best conservation action would be to restore their genetic diversity.
514:) is the largest turtle in the world, is the only turtle without a hard shell, and is endangered. It is found throughout the central Pacific and Atlantic Oceans but several of its populations are in decline across the globe (though not all). The leatherback sea turtle faces numerous threats including being caught as
860:
in 1979 and 1986 “earmarking U.S. Agency for
International Development (USAID) funds for ”. From 1990 till now, environmental conservation NGOs have become increasingly more focused on the political and economic impact of USAID funds dispersed for preserving the environment and its natural resources.
835:
The
Endangered Species Act is a continuously updated list that remains up-to-date on species that are endangered or threatened. Along with the update of the list, the Endangered Species Act also seeks to implement actions to protect the species within its list. Furthermore, the Endangered Species Act
635:
that resides in the state of
Florida and is currently endangered. Historically, the Florida panther's range covered the entire southeastern US. In the early 1990s, only a single population with 20-25 individuals were left. The population had very low genetic diversity, was highly inbred, and suffered
580:
is an endangered bird in the southeastern US. It only lives in longleaf pine savannas which are maintained by wildfires in mature pine forests. Today, it is a rare habitat (as fires have become rare and many pine forests have been cut down for agriculture) and is commonly found on land occupied by US
455:
Due to the fittest animals in the species being hunted or poached, the less fit organisms will mate, causing less fitness in the generations to come. In addition to species fitness being lowered and therefore endangering species, the illegal wildlife trade has ecological costs. Sex-ratio balances may
447:
The illegal wildlife trade is the illegal trading of plants and wildlife. This illegal trading is worth an estimate of 7-23 billion and an annual trade of around 100 million plants and animals. In 2021 it was found that this trade has caused a 60% decline in species abundance, and 80% for endangered
331:
negatively impact wildlife health. For some pollutants, simple exposure is enough to do damage (e.g. pesticides). For others, its through inhaling (e.g. air pollutants) or ingesting it (e.g. toxic metals). Pollutants affect different species in different ways so a pollutant that is bad for one might
549:
is the practice of protecting a habitat in order to protect the species within it. This is sometimes preferable to focusing on a single species especially if the species in question has very specific habitat requirements or lives in a habitat with many other endangered species. The latter is often
526:, measures to protect it include reducing bycatch captures through fishing gear modifications, monitoring and protecting its habitat (both nesting beaches and in the ocean), and reducing damage from marine pollution. There is currently an international effort to protect the leatherback sea turtle.
381:
naturally occur at low levels in the environment, but when ingested in high doses, can cause organ damage and cancer. How toxic they are depends on the exact metal, how much was ingested, and the animal that ingested it. Human activities such as mining, smelting, burning fossil fuels, and various
161:
is the clearing and cutting down forests on purpose. Deforestation is a cause of human-induced habitat action destruction, by cutting down habitats of different species in the process of removing trees. Deforestation is often done for several reasons, often for either agricultural purposes or for
661:
Monitoring of wildlife populations is an important part of conservation because it allows managers to gather information about the status of threatened species and to measure the effectiveness of management strategies. Monitoring can be local, regional, or range-wide, and can include one or many
451:
This trade can be devastating to both humans and animals. It has the capacity to spread zoonotic diseases to humans, as well as contribute to local extinction. The pathogens to humans may be spread through small animal vectors like ticks, or through ingestion of food and water. Extinction can be
604:
studies genetic phenomena that impact the conservation of a species. Most conservation efforts focus on managing population size, but conserving genetic diversity is typically a high priority as well. High genetic diversity increases survival because it means greater capacity to adapt to future
463:
Illegal wildlife trade has also become normalized through various social media outlets. There are TikTok accounts that have gone viral for their depiction of exotic pets, such as various monkey and bird species. These accounts show a cute and fun side of owning exotic pets, therefore indirectly
81:
put this estimate even higher at a million species. It is also being acknowledged that an increasing number of ecosystems on Earth containing endangered species are disappearing. To address these issues, there have been both national and international governmental efforts to preserve Earth's
665:
Monitoring methods can be categorized as either "direct" or "indirect". Direct methods rely on directly seeing or hearing the animals, whereas indirect methods rely on "signs" that indicate the animals are present. For terrestrial vertebrates, common direct monitoring methods include direct
388:: There are many sources of toxic chemical pollution including industrial wastewater, oil spills, and pesticides. There's a wide range of toxic chemicals so there's also a wide range of negative health effects. For example, synthetic pesticides and certain industrial chemicals are
716:
stressors, such as climate change or habitat loss, that ultimately lead a population to extinction without human intervention. Methods of vaccination varies depending on both the extent and efficiency of limiting the transmission of disease, and can be applied
869:, maintaining and improving the quality of the environment and its natural resources became a “priority” to “prevent international tensions” according to the Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 2002 and section 117 of the 1961 Foreign Assistance Act.
737:(IM). Conservation efforts regarding vaccinations often only serve the purpose of preventing disease related extinction. Rather than completely cleansing the population of the pathogen, infection rates are limited to a smaller percentage of the population.
690:
calculations. Mark-recapture methods are also used with genetic data from non-invasive hair or fecal samples. Such information can be analyzed independently or in conjunction with photographic methods to get a more complete picture of population viability.
452:
caused due to non-native species being introduced that become invasive. An example of how this may happen is through by-catch.These new species will outcompete the native species and take over, therefore causing the local or global extinction of a species.
243:
As carbon dioxide levels increase concentration in the atmosphere, they increase in the ocean as well. Typically, the ocean will absorb carbon from the atmosphere, where it can be sequestered in the deep ocean and sea floor; this is a process called the
819:
According to the
National Wildlife Federation, wildlife conservation in the US gets a majority of its funding through appropriations from the federal budget, annual federal and state grants, and financial efforts from programs such as the
252:
such as coral are especially susceptible to decreased pH, resulting in mass bleaching events, inevitably destroying a habitat for many of coral's diverse inhabitants. Research (conducted through methods such as coral fossils and ancient
1980:
459:
The wildlife trade also causes issues for natural resources that people use in their everyday lives. Ecotourism is how some people bring in money to their homes, and with depleting the wildlife, this may be a factor in taking away jobs.
2111:
Pimm, S. L.; Jenkins, C. N.; Abell, R.; Brooks, T. M.; Gittleman, J. L.; Joppa, L. N.; Raven, P. H.; Roberts, C. M.; Sexton, J. O. (2014-05-30). "The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection".
677:
For large, terrestrial vertebrates, a popular method is to use camera traps for population estimation along with mark-recapture techniques. This method has been used successfully with tigers, black bears and numerous other species.
307:, and other marine life. The Queensland "shark control" program alone has killed about 50,000 sharks — it has also killed more than 84,000 marine animals. There are also examples of population culling in the United States, such as
674:, and variable plot surveys. Indirect methods include track stations, fecal counts, food removal, open or closed burrow-opening counts, burrow counts, runaway counts, knockdown cards, snow tracks, or responses to audio calls.
216:
is a major threat to certain species, particularly endangered ones whose status makes them economically valuable. Such species include many large mammals like
African elephants, tigers, and rhinoceros (traded for their
711:
spillover to humans. A pathogen that has never once been exposed to a specific species' evolutionary pathway can have detrimental impacts on the population. In most cases, these risks escalate in conjunction to other
796:
was passed to protect US species deemed in danger of extinction. The concern at the time was that the country was losing species that were scientifically, culturally, and educationally important. In the same year,
698:(Replacement, Reduction, Refinement). In wildlife research, this can be done through the use of non-invasive methods, sharing samples and data with other research groups, or optimizing traps to prevent injuries.
706:
Distributing vaccinations to wildlife who are particularly vulnerable is useful in conservation to prevent or decelerate extreme population declination in a species from disease and also decrease the risk of a
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as fewer wolves are exposed to the virus. With continued periodic vaccinations, conservationists will be able to spend more resources on further proactive efforts to help prevent their extinction.
1869:
4706:
852:
In the late 1980s, as the public became dissatisfied with government environmental conservation efforts, people began supporting private sector conservation efforts which included several
456:
be tipped or reproduction rates are slowed, which can be detrimental to vulnerable species. The recovery of these populations may take longer due to the reproduction rates being slower.
3628:
2190:"Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services"
1560:
235:
662:
distinct populations. Metrics commonly gathered during monitoring include population numbers, geographic distribution, and genetic diversity, although many other metrics may be used.
2623:
Schneider, Stefan; Taylor, Graham W.; Kremer, Stefan C. (2020). "Similarity
Learning Networks for Animal Individual Re-Identification - Beyond the Capabilities of a Human Observer".
4431:
1541:
2580:
Molina, Santiago; Fuller, Angela K.; Morin, Dana J.; Royle, J. Andrew (May 2017). "Use of spatial capture–recapture to estimate density of Andean bears in northern
Ecuador".
832:. A substantial amount of funding comes from the sale of hunting/fishing licenses, game tags, stamps, and excise taxes from the purchase of hunting equipment and ammunition.
343:
come from burning fossil fuels and industrial emissions. These have direct and indirect effects on the health of wildlife and their ecosystems. For example, high levels of
801:(CITES) was passed as part of an international agreement to prevent the global trade of endangered wildlife. In 1980, the World Conservation Strategy was developed by the
3488:
2368:
Kent, Jennifer; Gustavo A. B. da
Fonseca; Mittermeier, Cristina G.; Mittermeier, Russell A.; Myers, Norman (2000). "Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities".
3736:
1449:
3731:
2926:
351:) can damage plants and stunt their growth. Sulfur oxides also contribute to acid rain, harming both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Other air pollutants like
1307:
802:
70:
3063:
Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio; Marino, Jorgelina; Gordon, Christopher H.; Bedin, Eric; Hussein, Alo; Regassa, Fekede; Banyard, Ashley; Fooks, Anthony R. (2016-09-14).
1126:
Frankham, Richard; Ballou, Jonathan D.; Ralls, Katherine; Eldridge, Mark D. B.; Dudash, Michele R.; Fenstar, Charles B.; Lacy, Robert C.; Sunnucks, Paul (2017).
428:
258:
1786:
Dawson, T. P.; Jackson, S. T.; House, J. I.; Prentice, I. C.; Mace, G. M. (2011-04-01). "Beyond Predictions: Biodiversity Conservation in a Changing Climate".
4411:
4133:
4613:
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4183:
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Tchounwou, Paul B.; Yedjou, Clement G.; Patlolla, Anita K.; Sutton, Dwayne J. (2012), Luch, Andreas (ed.), "Heavy Metal Toxicity and the Environment",
4301:
4235:
1896:
4451:
4163:
2030:
424:
248:. Increased carbon dioxide emissions and increased stratification (which slows the biological pump) decrease the ocean pH, making it more acidic.
1564:
5962:
4647:
2216:
Fischer, Anke; Bednar-Friedl, Birgit; Langers, Fransje; Dobrovodská, Marta; Geamana, Nicoleta; Skogen, Ketil; Dumortier, Myriam (2011-03-01).
4349:
3481:
2953:
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1425:
142:
and fragmentation are primary drivers of species declines and extinctions. Key examples of human-induced habitat loss include deforestation,
1491:
836:
also lists the species that the act has recovered. It is estimated that the act has prevented the extinction of about 291 species, like
829:
2339:
4571:
4218:
3955:
809:
87:
2189:
1283:
5947:
5529:
4576:
4230:
3608:
1921:
Bezerra-Santos, Marcos A.; Mendoza-Roldan, Jairo A.; Thompson, R. C. Andrew; Dantas-Torres, Filipe; Otranto, Domenico (2021-03-01).
1679:
1135:
1097:
392:. These pollutants are long-lived and can cause cancer, reproductive disorders, immune system problems, and nervous system problems.
1467:
844:, since its implementation through its different recovery plans and the protection that it provides for these threatened species.
427:, and rising sea levels are some of the effects of climate change. Phenomena like droughts, wildfires, heatwaves, intense storms,
185:
is the harvesting of animals and plants at a rate that's faster than the species' ability to recover. While often associated with
5153:
4516:
4198:
3724:
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921:
4606:
4501:
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4065:
4004:
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5942:
5712:
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3664:
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3508:
2163:
931:
793:
523:
308:
534:
2493:
138:
breaks up a continuous tract of habitat, often dividing large wildlife populations into several smaller ones. Human-caused
6030:
4670:
4316:
4055:
3890:
3714:
3694:
911:
901:
853:
816:(often called the Rio Earth Summit) as an international accord to protect the Earth's biological resources and diversity.
484:
It is estimated that, because of human activities, current species extinction rates are about 1000 times greater than the
411:
currently changing Earth's environmental conditions. It is related to some of the aforementioned threats to wildlife like
91:
5222:
5057:
4561:
4278:
4021:
3816:
3811:
3689:
946:
821:
389:
3872:
2788:"Towards more compassionate wildlife research through the 3Rs principles: moving from invasive to non-invasive methods"
1315:
1025:
1023:
275:
Culling is the deliberate and selective killing of wildlife by governments for various purposes. An example of this is
5546:
4531:
4496:
4296:
4203:
4188:
3987:
3801:
3704:
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with help from the UN Environmental Programme, World Wildlife Fund, UN Food and Agricultural Organization, and UNESCO.
772:, is an endangered species with less than 440 wolves remaining in the wild. These wolves are primarily exposed to the
730:
3352:
936:
314:
5927:
5915:
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5563:
5507:
4599:
4471:
4426:
4376:
4138:
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3538:
896:
890:
695:
485:
103:
99:
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5094:
4481:
4446:
4371:
4342:
4178:
4158:
4143:
4113:
4009:
1339:
2902:
694:
When designing a wildlife monitoring strategy, it is important to minimize harm to the animal and implement the
192:
5957:
5932:
5079:
4541:
4511:
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4401:
4396:
4386:
4306:
4223:
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4173:
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3699:
3684:
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3649:
3644:
2860:
Russell, Robin E.; DiRenzo, Graziella V.; Szymanski, Jennifer A.; Alger, Katrina E.; Grant, Evan H. C. (2020).
2667:
825:
776:
by domestic dogs and are facing extreme population declines, especially in the southern Ethiopia region of the
261:
has occurred in the geological past (more likely at a slower pace), and correlate with past extinction events.
2218:"Universal criteria for species conservation priorities? Findings from a survey of public views across Europe"
1235:
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5143:
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563:
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885:
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568:
505:
472:
143:
95:
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6000:
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3867:
3862:
3821:
3791:
3786:
3751:
3669:
3613:
3553:
3543:
3312:
Meyer, Carrie A. (1993). "Environmental NGOs in Ecuador: An Economic Analysis of Institutional Change".
958:
606:
601:
360:
135:
3064:
2535:
2283:
2217:
1922:
1153:"It Is a Wild World in the City: Urban Wildlife Conservation and Communication in the Age of COVID-19"
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2005:
1192:
978:
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718:
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412:
249:
230:
131:
58:
30:
3451:
1981:"Wildlife, Forest & Fisheries Crime Module 1 Key Issues: Implications of Wildlife Trafficking"
808:
Its purpose was to promote the conservation of living resources important to humans. In 1992, the
415:
and pollution. Rising temperatures, melting ice sheets, changes in precipitation patterns, severe
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5000:
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2714:
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Wang, Le; Ding, Rizhi; Zhai, Yuanhao; Zhang, Qilin; Tang, Wei; Zheng, Nanning; Hua, Gang (2021).
2628:
2605:
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2409:
2145:
1958:
1827:
1495:
1443:
968:
722:
667:
356:
2164:"UN Report: Nature's Dangerous Decline 'Unprecedented'; Species Extinction Rates 'Accelerating'"
1390:
1363:
239:
Pterapod shell dissolved in seawater adjusted to an ocean chemistry projected for the year 2100
6010:
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2745:
2734:"Estimating abundance of American black bears using DNA-based capture–mark–recapture models"
2690:
2638:
2589:
2544:
2505:
2385:
2347:
2284:"Pacific sea turtles likely to go extinct under Trump administration policy, lawsuit argues"
2229:
2121:
2083:
2067:
2056:"A framework for investigating illegal wildlife trade on social media with machine learning"
1934:
1897:"Wildlife trade drives declines of over 60% in species abundance, according to new research"
1803:
1685:
1667:
1609:
1599:
1164:
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519:
436:
213:
182:
62:
3034:
382:
industrial processes have contributed to the rise in heavy metal levels in the environment.
6060:
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5995:
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5753:
5725:
5592:
5558:
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5424:
5334:
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4883:
4680:
4665:
3741:
1637:
1211:
916:
683:
622:
488:(the 'normal' extinction rate that occurs without additional influence). According to the
284:
245:
605:
environmental changes. Meanwhile, effects associated with low genetic diversity, such as
492:, out of all species assessed, over 42,100 are at risk of extinction and should be under
2686:
2381:
2054:
Di Minin, Enrico; Fink, Christoph; Hiippala, Tuomo; Tenkanen, Henrikki (February 2019).
1799:
856:(NGOs) . Seeing this rise in support for NGOs, the U.S. Congress made amendments to the
686:-based animal individual re-identification methods have been developed to automate such
6065:
5985:
5828:
5633:
5580:
5490:
5409:
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1690:
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432:
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3250:
Greenwald, Noah; Suckling, Kieran F.; Hartl, Brett; A. Mehrhoff, Loyal (2019-04-22).
3065:"Feasibility and efficacy of oral rabies vaccine SAG2 in endangered Ethiopian wolves"
2862:"Principles and Mechanisms of Wildlife Population Persistence in the Face of Disease"
2831:
2733:
2718:
2320:
CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna dn Flora
2149:
2031:"Asian Animal Welfare in 2023: Preventing Poaching, Abuse and Illegal Wildlife Trade"
1962:
1151:
Coman, Ioana A.; Cooper-Norris, Caitlyn E.; Longing, Scott; Perry, Gad (2022-07-04).
1035:
CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna dn Flora
866:
781:
679:
610:
489:
340:
276:
158:
17:
2757:
2642:
2609:
2566:
1831:
5864:
5813:
5803:
5773:
5399:
5357:
5133:
5084:
5020:
4876:
4780:
3945:
3528:
3179:
2413:
813:
344:
147:
139:
78:
3135:
3080:
3225:
2233:
5838:
5833:
5823:
5783:
5778:
5690:
5495:
5439:
5261:
5239:
5234:
5101:
4978:
4944:
4932:
4820:
4743:
3110:
2513:
1671:
1417:
Conservation of Wildlife Populations : Demography, Genetics, and Management
218:
186:
114:
84:
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
6005:
5818:
5808:
5602:
5419:
5377:
5319:
5288:
4927:
4859:
4797:
4770:
4733:
2593:
2548:
1435:
837:
799:
the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora
682:
can be triggered remotely and automatically via sound, infrared sensors, etc.
280:
74:
3277:
3088:
2999:
2991:
2887:
2878:
2861:
2823:
2702:
2694:
2601:
2397:
2295:
2241:
2133:
2079:
1946:
1938:
1815:
1666:, Experientia Supplementum, vol. 101, Springer Basel, pp. 133–164,
1178:
1107:
6025:
5798:
5485:
5367:
5175:
5170:
5148:
5037:
5030:
4849:
4844:
4751:
4728:
4085:
3917:
2125:
1807:
1057:
671:
420:
328:
288:
54:
3404:
3333:
3295:
3096:
3017:
2710:
2439:
2405:
2141:
2097:
1954:
1823:
1699:
1623:
4327:
3466:
3359:
3201:
2315:
1492:"Shark culling · Save our Sharks · Australian Marine Conservation Society"
1030:
5843:
5763:
5729:
5612:
5180:
5106:
5047:
5042:
4990:
4900:
4871:
4864:
4854:
4785:
4759:
4755:
4747:
4546:
3841:
3568:
906:
769:
708:
254:
209:
66:
50:
2814:
6045:
6035:
5480:
5276:
5271:
5217:
5123:
5052:
4895:
4696:
3325:
3268:
2749:
2681:. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE): 2837–2849.
2071:
1604:
1092:(3rd ed.). Sunderland, Massachusetts, U.S.A.: Sinauer Associates.
881:
exist to actively promote, or be involved with, wildlife conservation:
765:
515:
416:
300:
270:
163:
46:
42:
27:
Practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and their habitats
2804:
1415:
1169:
1152:
5758:
5329:
5294:
5118:
5074:
4922:
4720:
3826:
2389:
998:
996:
994:
628:
296:
119:
4591:
2509:
1845:
1052:
1050:
174:
of 1964 which designated specific areas wilderness to be protected.
2633:
1923:"Illegal Wildlife Trade: A Gateway to Zoonotic Infectious Diseases"
1736:
73:
estimates that 42,100 species of the ones assessed are at risk for
5362:
5202:
5128:
4915:
2625:
2020 IEEE Winter Applications of Computer Vision Workshops (WACVW)
2427:
798:
744:
654:
648:
567:
304:
292:
234:
83:
53:
species or populations and to restore, protect or enhance natural
3383:
2976:"Ecological and Evolutionary Challenges for Wildlife Vaccination"
1334:
1332:
1003:
69:, pollution, climate change, and the illegal wildlife trade. The
5307:
5163:
5158:
5138:
5012:
4963:
4807:
2537:
Methods For Monitoring Tiger And Prey Populations | SpringerLink
352:
5694:
4595:
4331:
3470:
2494:"Wildlife population monitoring: some practical considerations"
2188:
Diaz, Sandra; Settele, Josef; Brondizio, Eduardo (2019-05-06).
1468:"Queensland's Shark Control Program Has Snagged 84,000 Animals"
1088:
Cain, Michael L.; Bowman, William D.; Hacker, Sally D. (2013).
5848:
5721:
5266:
4910:
3029:
3027:
878:
1128:
Genetic Management of Fragmented Animal and Plant Populations
82:
wildlife. Prominent conservation agreements include the 1973
2732:
Robinson, Stacie; Waits, Lisette; Martin, Ian (2009-06-03).
134:
decreases the number of places where wildlife can live in.
3226:"Endangered Species Act | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service"
2846:
1891:
1889:
318:
Aerial view of the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010.
311:
and swans, geese, and deer in New York and other places.
77:. Expanding to all existing species, a 2019 UN report on
2224:. The New Conservation Debate: Beyond Parks vs. People.
1561:"Killing Wildlife: The Pros and Cons of Culling Animals"
1391:"What is Poaching? The Illegal Wildlife Trade Explained"
3425:
657:
is crucial for knowledge about its conservation status.
3058:
3056:
3054:
1385:
1383:
1236:"Deforestation and Forest Degradation | Threats | WWF"
522:. In the US where the leatherback is listed under the
518:, harvest of its eggs, loss of nesting habitats, and
3384:"About Us – Learn More About The Nature Conservancy"
1588:"Wildlife in U.S. Cities: Managing Unwanted Animals"
5973:
5903:
5857:
5736:
5611:
5469:
5350:
5210:
5201:
5011:
4806:
4719:
4689:
4638:
4629:
4246:
4101:
3938:
3881:
3850:
3770:
3637:
3517:
2940:Tizard, Ian R. (2021-01-01), Tizard, Ian R. (ed.),
2534:Karanth, K. Ullas; Nichols, James D., eds. (2017).
2462:
2460:
3426:"ZSL | A science-driven conservation charity"
2974:Barnett, K. M.; Civitello, David J. (2020-12-01).
2253:
2251:
1760:Environmental Protection Agency (July 21, 2023).
3737:Other effective area-based conservation measures
3353:"The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended"
3252:"Extinction and the U.S. Endangered Species Act"
2903:"Wildlife Vaccination - Growing in Feasibility?"
2426:Stafleu, F. A. (1970). . Taxon, 19(2), 273–275.
1664:Molecular, Clinical and Environmental Toxicology
439:occurred naturally and have led to extinctions.
3732:Integrated Conservation and Development Project
2773:The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique
1542:"Aussie shark population in staggering decline"
1121:
1119:
1117:
3453:"Wild Life, Conservation of, in America"
1741:NASA Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet
94:(NGO's) dedicated to conservation such as the
5706:
4607:
4343:
3482:
3307:
3305:
1766:United States Environmental Protection Agency
1518:"Shark nets – death traps for marine animals"
1260:"The Wilderness Act | The Wilderness Society"
1193:"Deforestation | National Geographic Society"
8:
2942:"Chapter 8 - The administration of vaccines"
1870:"Share the Facts About Wildlife Trafficking"
1448:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
814:UN Conference on Environment and Development
118:A forest burned for agriculture in southern
3182:. National Wildlife Federation. www.nwf.org
3161:. National Wildlife Federation. www.nwf.org
2925:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2006:"Is TikTok promoting the exotic pet trade?"
1974:
1972:
1212:"Forests, desertification and biodiversity"
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
572:Red-cockaded Woodpecker (picoides borealis)
5713:
5699:
5691:
5473:
5207:
4635:
4614:
4600:
4592:
4350:
4336:
4328:
3489:
3475:
3467:
1846:"Climate Change Evidence: How Do We Know?"
196:Confiscated animal pelts from the illegal
41:refers to the practice of protecting wild
3347:
3345:
3343:
3285:
3267:
3007:
2877:
2847:"The 3Rs Principles in Wildlife Research"
2813:
2803:
2632:
2087:
1850:Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet
1689:
1613:
1603:
1461:
1459:
1168:
1130:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
1004:"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species"
865:and the start of former President Bush's
2771:Russell, W. M. S.; Burch, R. L. (1959).
749:Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis citernii)
588:
533:
471:
313:
191:
113:
29:
990:
627:The Florida panther is a subspecies of
407:Humans are responsible for present-day
279:, in which "shark control" programs in
2918:
2168:United Nations Sustainable Development
1762:"Climate Change Indicators: Wildfires"
1713:"Persistent organic pollutants (POPs)"
1441:
1216:United Nations Sustainable Development
2675:IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
1563:. National Geographic. Archived from
7:
57:. Major threats to wildlife include
3111:"Endangered Species Act | Overview"
1008:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
830:Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program
2866:Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
2845:Zemanova, Miriam A. (2023-11-30).
2786:Zemanova, Miriam A. (2020-03-17).
1522:Humane Society International (HSI)
1364:"Illegal Wildlife Trade- Overview"
1312:The Environmental Literacy Council
1062:Convention on Biological Diversity
810:Convention on Biological Diversity
88:Convention on Biological Diversity
25:
3609:Conservation biology of parasites
3200:Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife.
3159:"Securing Funds for Conservation"
34:Ankeny Wildlife Refuge in Oregon.
6082:
6081:
6071:
6070:
6059:
5675:
5674:
4432:Democratic Republic of the Congo
4312:
4311:
3725:Tropical rainforest conservation
3629:Vulnerability and susceptibility
3115:U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
2948:, Elsevier, pp. 87–104.e1,
1197:education.nationalgeographic.org
922:Traffic (conservation programme)
4274:NatureServe conservation status
3559:Conservation-induced extinction
3314:The Journal of Developing Areas
2643:10.1109/wacvw50321.2020.9096925
2428:https://doi.org/10.2307/1217968
1737:"The Effects of Climate Change"
861:After the terrorist attacks on
653:Non-invasive monitoring of the
90:(CBD). There are also numerous
3665:Conservation management system
3549:Conservation-dependent species
3509:Index of conservation articles
2444:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
1586:Hadidian, John (Dec 5, 2015).
1516:Morris, Jessica (2016-12-08).
1344:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
932:African Wildlife Defence Force
873:Non-governmental organizations
854:non-governmental organizations
794:Endangered Species Act of 1973
61:, degradation, fragmentation,
1:
3891:Assisted natural regeneration
3695:Ecoregion conservation status
3136:"World Conservation Strategy"
3081:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.021
1466:Mitchell, Thom (2015-11-20).
912:Wildlife Conservation Society
902:Fauna and Flora International
576:The red-cockaded woodpecker (
390:persistent organic pollutants
92:nongovernmental organizations
49:in order to maintain healthy
4640:Pollution / quality
4279:Special Area of Conservation
3817:Landscape-scale conservation
3812:High conservation value area
3690:Community-based conservation
2668:"Giant Panda Identification"
2234:10.1016/j.biocon.2010.12.004
1494:. 2018-10-02. Archived from
1288:National Wildlife Federation
947:Zoological Society of London
822:Conservation Reserve Program
510:The leatherback sea turtle (
6031:Zoo emergency response team
4297:List of conservation issues
3705:Evidence-based conservation
3599:Mutualisms and conservation
3202:"Fish and Wildlife Service"
3039:African Wildlife Foundation
1672:10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4_6
1058:"History of the Convention"
812:(CBD) was agreed on at the
609:and loss of diversity from
291:) have killed thousands of
6125:
3747:Roadless area conservation
3539:Compassionate conservation
2946:Vaccines for Veterinarians
2282:Bernton, Hal; Bush, Evan.
1559:James, Will (2014-03-06).
897:Conservation International
891:World Wide Fund for Nature
848:Non-government involvement
741:Case study: Ethiopian Wolf
620:
561:
550:true of species living in
503:
486:background extinction rate
437:past climate change events
400:
268:
257:carbon analysis) suggests
228:
104:Conservation International
6054:
5948:Former zoos and aquariums
5670:
5476:
5211:Types / location
4363:
4292:
3504:
2594:10.2192/URSU-D-16-00030.1
2549:10.1007/978-981-10-5436-5
2440:"Red-Cockaded Woodpecker"
2029:Wild, Asia (2023-04-04).
1717:World Health Organization
729:(IN), or injected either
538:Red-cockaded woodpecker (
423:, storm intensification,
4412:Central African Republic
4134:Central African Republic
3782:Conservation designation
3700:Environmental protection
3685:Conspicuous conservation
3675:Conservation photography
3650:Conservation development
3645:Conservation agriculture
3386:. Nature.org. 2011-02-23
2992:10.1016/j.pt.2020.08.006
2879:10.3389/fevo.2020.569016
2695:10.1109/tip.2021.3055627
2627:. IEEE. pp. 44–52.
2340:"Wild Life | The Samajh"
1939:10.1016/j.pt.2020.12.005
1340:"Illegal Wildlife Trade"
937:Save Cambodia's Wildlife
826:Wetlands Reserve Program
476:Leatherback sea turtle (
4358:Conservation by country
3873:Human–wildlife conflict
3757:Site-based conservation
3680:Conservation psychology
3498:Conservation of species
2222:Biological Conservation
2126:10.1126/science.1246752
1808:10.1126/science.1200303
1638:"Sulfur Dioxide Basics"
564:Red-cockaded woodpecker
558:Red-cockaded woodpecker
5895:Species reintroduction
3930:Species reintroduction
3589:Latent extinction risk
3459:Encyclopedia Americana
2980:Trends in Parasitology
2775:. London, UK: Methuen.
1927:Trends in Parasitology
886:The Nature Conservancy
858:Foreign Assistance Act
788:Government involvement
750:
702:Vaccine administration
658:
598:
573:
543:
524:Endangered Species Act
506:Leatherback sea turtle
500:Leatherback sea turtle
481:
443:Illegal Wildlife Trade
319:
240:
201:
144:agricultural expansion
123:
35:
6109:Wildlife conservation
6021:Wildlife conservation
6001:Behavioral enrichment
4302:List of organisations
3956:Hawaiian honeycreeper
3896:Ecosystem restoration
3868:Habitat fragmentation
3863:Fortress conservation
3822:Marine protected area
3792:Conservation easement
3787:Conservation district
3752:Roadside conservation
3670:Conservation movement
3614:Species translocation
3554:Conservation genetics
3544:Conservation behavior
3407:. World Wildlife Fund
2901:jlp342 (2020-02-17).
2492:Witmer, Gary (2005).
959:Conservation movement
748:
652:
607:inbreeding depression
602:Conservation genetics
592:
585:Conservation genetics
571:
552:biodiversity hotspots
537:
475:
363:decrease air quality.
317:
238:
195:
136:Habitat fragmentation
117:
86:(CITES) and the 1992
39:Wildlife conservation
33:
18:Wildlife Conservation
5991:Animals in captivity
5890:In situ conservation
5885:Ex situ conservation
5875:Conservation biology
5586:remnant natural area
5223:storage and recovery
4889:habitat conservation
4707:Deforestation (REDD)
4264:Planetary boundaries
4254:Conservation officer
3858:Conservation refugee
3807:Habitat conservation
3797:Conservation reserve
3762:Wetland conservation
3660:Conservation grazing
3655:Conservation finance
3619:Conservation welfare
3584:In-situ conservation
3579:Extinction threshold
3574:Ex-situ conservation
2907:cwhl.vet.cornell.edu
2259:"Leatherback Turtle"
2060:Conservation Biology
2004:Hernandez, Daniela.
1874:www.conservation.org
964:Conservation biology
927:Born Free Foundation
640:Conservation methods
633:Puma concolor coryi)
547:Habitat conservation
530:Habitat conservation
512:Dermochelys coriacea
478:Dermochelys coriacea
468:Species conservation
369:: Heavy metals like
332:not affect another.
250:Calcifying organisms
6088:Category: Aquariums
5943:Conservation topics
5540:Earth Overshoot Day
5114:Marine conservation
5095:non-timber products
3604:Nature conservation
3594:Marine conservation
3564:Conservation status
2687:2021ITIP...30.2837W
2382:2000Natur.403..853M
2010:www.hybridmag.co.uk
1901:www.sheffield.ac.uk
1800:2011Sci...332...53D
1548:. 14 December 2018.
1472:Action for Dolphins
1395:World Wildlife Fund
1368:World Wildlife Fund
1240:World Wildlife Fund
979:Wildlife management
942:WildEarth Guardians
645:Wildlife Monitoring
595:Puma concolor coryi
429:ocean acidification
425:ocean acidification
413:habitat destruction
259:ocean acidification
231:Ocean acidification
225:Ocean Acidification
132:Habitat destruction
127:Habitat destruction
110:Threats to wildlife
100:World Wildlife Fund
59:habitat destruction
6066:Animals portal
6041:Zoological society
5928:Animal sanctuaries
5880:Endangered species
5794:Marine mammal park
5525:Ecosystem services
4648:Ambient standards
3901:Island restoration
3832:Open space reserve
3624:Threatened species
3269:10.7717/peerj.6803
3232:. 28 December 1973
2750:10.2192/08GR022R.1
2288:The Sacramento Bee
2072:10.1111/cobi.13104
1605:10.3390/ani5040401
1414:Scott., Mills, L.
1308:"Overexploitation"
1284:"Overexploitation"
1264:www.wilderness.org
969:Endangered species
751:
659:
599:
578:Picoides borealis)
574:
544:
482:
361:particulate matter
357:ground-level ozone
320:
241:
202:
124:
96:Nature Conservancy
36:
6096:
6095:
6011:Immersion exhibit
5749:Animal theme park
5688:
5687:
5666:
5665:
5465:
5464:
5144:genetic resources
5080:genetic resources
4715:
4714:
4623:Natural resources
4589:
4588:
4325:
4324:
4284:Soil conservation
3837:Wildlife corridor
3720:Forest protection
3715:Forest management
3075:(40): 4792–4798.
2955:978-0-323-68299-2
2805:10.2981/wlb.00607
2652:978-1-7281-7162-3
2558:978-981-10-5435-8
2498:Wildlife Research
2468:"Florida Panther"
2376:(6772): 853–858.
2120:(6187): 1246752.
1427:978-1-118-40669-4
1170:10.3390/d14070539
593:Florida panther (
540:Picoides borealis
433:rising sea levels
16:(Redirected from
6116:
6085:
6084:
6074:
6073:
6064:
6063:
5958:Zoo associations
5933:Butterfly houses
5870:Captive breeding
5744:Animal sanctuary
5715:
5708:
5701:
5692:
5678:
5677:
5629:
5576:Natural heritage
5535:overexploitation
5474:
5208:
5154:herbal medicines
5134:FAO Plant Treaty
4674:
4651:
4636:
4616:
4609:
4602:
4593:
4517:Papua New Guinea
4352:
4345:
4338:
4329:
4315:
4314:
4199:Papua New Guinea
4091:Cryopreservation
4056:Gray nurse shark
3710:Flagship species
3534:Captive breeding
3491:
3484:
3477:
3468:
3463:
3455:
3448:Ernest Ingersoll
3434:
3433:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3364:
3358:. Archived from
3357:
3349:
3338:
3337:
3309:
3300:
3299:
3289:
3271:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3060:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3035:"Ethiopian Wolf"
3031:
3022:
3021:
3011:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2924:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2881:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2817:
2807:
2792:Wildlife Biology
2783:
2777:
2776:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2672:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2636:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2542:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2512:. Archived from
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2464:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2390:10.1038/35002501
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2346:. Archived from
2344:www.thesamajh.in
2336:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2316:"What is CITES?"
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2255:
2246:
2245:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2194:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2091:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1976:
1967:
1966:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1893:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1693:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1617:
1607:
1598:(4): 1092–1113.
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1567:on March 9, 2014
1556:
1550:
1549:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1463:
1454:
1453:
1447:
1439:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1387:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1336:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1314:. Archived from
1304:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1172:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1123:
1112:
1111:
1085:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1054:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1031:"What is CITES?"
1027:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1000:
974:Refuge (ecology)
520:marine pollution
419:, more frequent
327:A wide range of
309:bison in Montana
214:wildlife trading
183:Overexploitation
178:Overexploitation
63:overexploitation
21:
6124:
6123:
6119:
6118:
6117:
6115:
6114:
6113:
6099:
6098:
6097:
6092:
6058:
6050:
6016:Nocturnal house
5996:Animal training
5969:
5899:
5853:
5769:Butterfly house
5732:
5719:
5689:
5684:
5662:
5627:
5607:
5593:Systems ecology
5559:Natural capital
5461:
5346:
5335:reclaimed water
5197:
5159:UPOV Convention
5007:
4802:
4711:
4685:
4681:Ozone depletion
4672:
4649:
4625:
4620:
4590:
4585:
4502:North Macedonia
4359:
4356:
4326:
4321:
4288:
4242:
4097:
4015:Indian elephant
3934:
3877:
3846:
3842:30 by 30 target
3773:
3766:
3742:Riparian buffer
3633:
3520:
3513:
3500:
3495:
3446:
3443:
3438:
3437:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3410:
3408:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3389:
3387:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3368:
3366:
3362:
3355:
3351:
3350:
3341:
3311:
3310:
3303:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3235:
3233:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3210:
3208:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3185:
3183:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3164:
3162:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3120:
3118:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3062:
3061:
3052:
3043:
3041:
3033:
3032:
3025:
2986:(12): 970–978.
2973:
2972:
2968:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2917:
2911:
2909:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2670:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2559:
2540:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2519:
2517:
2510:10.1071/WR04003
2491:
2490:
2486:
2477:
2475:
2466:
2465:
2458:
2449:
2447:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2425:
2421:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2353:
2351:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2324:
2322:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2300:
2298:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2267:
2265:
2257:
2256:
2249:
2228:(3): 998–1007.
2215:
2214:
2210:
2201:
2199:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2173:
2171:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2039:
2037:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2014:
2012:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1989:
1987:
1978:
1977:
1970:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1906:
1904:
1895:
1894:
1887:
1878:
1876:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1854:
1852:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1794:(6025): 53–58.
1785:
1784:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1745:
1743:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1721:
1719:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1682:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1647:
1645:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1570:
1568:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1526:
1524:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1501:
1499:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1476:
1474:
1465:
1464:
1457:
1440:
1428:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1399:
1397:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1372:
1370:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1348:
1346:
1338:
1337:
1330:
1321:
1319:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1292:
1290:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1268:
1266:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1244:
1242:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1220:
1218:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1138:
1125:
1124:
1115:
1100:
1087:
1086:
1075:
1066:
1064:
1056:
1055:
1048:
1039:
1037:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1012:
1010:
1002:
1001:
992:
987:
955:
917:Audubon Society
875:
850:
842:humpback whales
792:In the US, the
790:
735:intramuscularly
704:
684:Computer vision
647:
642:
625:
623:Florida panther
619:
617:Florida panther
587:
566:
560:
532:
508:
502:
470:
445:
405:
399:
386:Toxic chemicals
350:
325:
285:New South Wales
273:
267:
246:biological pump
233:
227:
207:
180:
156:
129:
112:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6122:
6120:
6112:
6111:
6101:
6100:
6094:
6093:
6091:
6090:
6079:
6077:Category: Zoos
6068:
6055:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5986:Animal cruelty
5983:
5977:
5975:
5971:
5970:
5968:
5967:
5966:
5965:
5955:
5953:Nature centers
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5924:
5923:
5913:
5907:
5905:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5861:
5859:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5829:Reptile centre
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5740:
5738:
5734:
5733:
5720:
5718:
5717:
5710:
5703:
5695:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5682:
5671:
5668:
5667:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5660:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5628:(perpetuation)
5623:
5617:
5615:
5609:
5608:
5606:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5589:
5588:
5581:Nature reserve
5578:
5573:
5572:
5571:
5566:
5556:
5555:
5554:
5544:
5543:
5542:
5537:
5527:
5522:
5521:
5520:
5515:
5505:
5504:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5477:
5471:
5467:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5460:
5459:
5458:
5457:
5452:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5386:
5385:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5354:
5352:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5344:
5339:
5338:
5337:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5305:
5300:
5299:
5298:
5286:
5285:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5264:
5259:
5258:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5226:
5225:
5214:
5212:
5205:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5194:
5193:
5188:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5167:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5110:
5109:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5058:climate change
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5034:
5033:
5026:Bioprospecting
5023:
5017:
5015:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5005:
5004:
5003:
4998:
4988:
4987:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4961:
4960:
4959:
4954:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4930:
4920:
4919:
4918:
4908:
4903:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4881:
4880:
4879:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4829:
4828:
4812:
4810:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4725:
4723:
4717:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4671:Clean Air Act
4663:
4658:
4653:
4644:
4642:
4633:
4627:
4626:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4611:
4604:
4596:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4572:United Kingdom
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4354:
4347:
4340:
4332:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4309:
4307:List of people
4304:
4299:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4240:
4239:
4238:
4228:
4227:
4226:
4219:United Kingdom
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4105:
4103:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4066:Painted turtle
4063:
4058:
4053:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4024:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4007:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3990:
3985:
3983:American bison
3977:
3972:
3971:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3958:
3948:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3887:
3885:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3778:
3776:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3525:
3523:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3442:
3441:External links
3439:
3436:
3435:
3417:
3405:"WWF in Brief"
3396:
3375:
3339:
3320:(2): 191–210.
3301:
3242:
3217:
3192:
3171:
3150:
3127:
3102:
3050:
3023:
2966:
2954:
2932:
2893:
2852:
2837:
2778:
2763:
2724:
2658:
2651:
2615:
2588:(1): 117–126.
2572:
2557:
2526:
2504:(3): 259–263.
2484:
2456:
2431:
2419:
2360:
2331:
2307:
2274:
2263:NOAA Fisheries
2247:
2208:
2180:
2155:
2103:
2066:(1): 210–213.
2046:
2021:
1996:
1968:
1933:(3): 181–184.
1913:
1885:
1861:
1837:
1778:
1752:
1728:
1704:
1680:
1654:
1629:
1578:
1551:
1533:
1508:
1483:
1455:
1426:
1406:
1379:
1355:
1328:
1299:
1275:
1251:
1227:
1202:
1184:
1143:
1136:
1113:
1098:
1073:
1046:
1019:
989:
988:
986:
983:
982:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
954:
951:
950:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
888:
874:
871:
849:
846:
789:
786:
778:Bale Mountains
755:Ethiopian Wolf
731:subcutaneously
703:
700:
696:3Rs principles
668:mark-recapture
646:
643:
641:
638:
631:(specifically
621:Main article:
618:
615:
586:
583:
562:Main article:
559:
556:
531:
528:
504:Main article:
501:
498:
469:
466:
444:
441:
409:climate change
403:Climate change
401:Main article:
398:
397:Climate change
395:
394:
393:
383:
364:
348:
341:air pollutants
337:Air pollutants
324:
321:
269:Main article:
266:
263:
229:Main article:
226:
223:
206:
203:
198:wildlife trade
179:
176:
172:Wilderness Act
155:
152:
128:
125:
111:
108:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6121:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6089:
6080:
6078:
6069:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6056:
6053:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5981:Animal rights
5979:
5978:
5976:
5972:
5964:
5961:
5960:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5938:Dolphinariums
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5922:
5919:
5918:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5908:
5906:
5902:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5862:
5860:
5856:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5789:Nature center
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5741:
5739:
5737:Types of zoos
5735:
5731:
5727:
5723:
5716:
5711:
5709:
5704:
5702:
5697:
5696:
5693:
5681:
5673:
5672:
5669:
5659:
5658:Non-renewable
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5614:
5610:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5598:Urban ecology
5596:
5594:
5591:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5557:
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5550:
5549:
5548:
5545:
5541:
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5536:
5533:
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5526:
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5516:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5509:
5506:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5482:
5479:
5478:
5475:
5472:
5468:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5430:Privatization
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
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5393:
5391:
5388:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5349:
5343:
5340:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5325:Surface water
5323:
5321:
5318:
5314:
5311:
5310:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5297:
5296:
5292:
5291:
5290:
5287:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
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5270:
5269:
5268:
5265:
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5260:
5256:
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5251:
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5224:
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5115:
5112:
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5022:
5019:
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5010:
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4992:
4989:
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4977:
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4958:
4955:
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4941:
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4931:
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4926:
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4909:
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4885:
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4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4827:
4826:peak farmland
4824:
4823:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4799:
4796:
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4718:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
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4688:
4682:
4679:
4675:
4669:
4668:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
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4645:
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4641:
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4624:
4617:
4612:
4610:
4605:
4603:
4598:
4597:
4594:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4577:United States
4575:
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4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
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4500:
4498:
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4470:
4468:
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4460:
4458:
4455:
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4435:
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4430:
4428:
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4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
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4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4353:
4348:
4346:
4341:
4339:
4334:
4333:
4330:
4318:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4269:IUCN Red List
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4259:De-extinction
4257:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4245:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4231:United States
4229:
4225:
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4220:
4217:
4215:
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4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
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4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
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4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4077:
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4064:
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4059:
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4052:
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4040:
4037:
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4030:
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4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3931:
3928:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3919:
3916:
3912:
3911:afforestation
3909:
3908:
3907:
3906:Reforestation
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
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3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
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3769:
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3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
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3570:
3567:
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3542:
3540:
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3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
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3524:
3522:
3516:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3499:
3492:
3487:
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3478:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3461:
3460:
3454:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3431:
3427:
3421:
3418:
3406:
3400:
3397:
3385:
3379:
3376:
3365:on 2012-04-16
3361:
3354:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
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3112:
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2576:
2573:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2538:
2530:
2527:
2516:on 2020-02-13
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2488:
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2473:
2469:
2463:
2461:
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2407:
2403:
2399:
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2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2361:
2350:on 2022-01-29
2349:
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2317:
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2209:
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2119:
2115:
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2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2047:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2022:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1997:
1986:
1985:www.unodc.org
1982:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1917:
1914:
1902:
1898:
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1890:
1886:
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1779:
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1729:
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1714:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1681:9783764383398
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1658:
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1611:
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1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1582:
1579:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1537:
1534:
1523:
1519:
1512:
1509:
1498:on 2018-10-02
1497:
1493:
1487:
1484:
1473:
1469:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1445:
1437:
1433:
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1423:
1419:
1418:
1410:
1407:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1345:
1341:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1318:on 2021-04-29
1317:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1276:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1144:
1139:
1137:9780198783398
1133:
1129:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1099:9780878939084
1095:
1091:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1009:
1005:
999:
997:
995:
991:
984:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
956:
952:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
892:
889:
887:
884:
883:
882:
880:
872:
870:
868:
867:War on Terror
864:
859:
855:
847:
845:
843:
839:
833:
831:
827:
823:
817:
815:
811:
807:
804:
800:
795:
787:
785:
783:
782:herd immunity
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
760:
756:
747:
743:
742:
738:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
715:
714:anthropogenic
710:
701:
699:
697:
692:
689:
688:sight-resight
685:
681:
680:Trail cameras
675:
673:
669:
666:observation,
663:
656:
651:
644:
639:
637:
634:
630:
624:
616:
614:
612:
611:genetic drift
608:
603:
596:
591:
584:
582:
579:
570:
565:
557:
555:
553:
548:
541:
536:
529:
527:
525:
521:
517:
513:
507:
499:
497:
495:
491:
487:
479:
474:
467:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
442:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
404:
396:
391:
387:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
365:
362:
358:
354:
346:
345:sulfur oxides
342:
338:
335:
334:
333:
330:
322:
316:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
295:, as well as
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
277:shark culling
272:
264:
262:
260:
256:
251:
247:
237:
232:
224:
222:
220:
215:
211:
204:
199:
194:
190:
188:
184:
177:
175:
173:
169:
165:
160:
159:Deforestation
154:Deforestation
153:
151:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
126:
121:
116:
109:
107:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
32:
19:
6020:
5963:WAZA members
5865:Biodiversity
5858:Conservation
5814:Penguinarium
5804:Night safari
5774:Dolphinarium
5656: /
5530:Exploitation
5415:Conservation
5358:Desalination
5293:
5186:conservation
5185:
5021:Biodiversity
4969:conservation
4816:Agricultural
4744:Fossil fuels
4562:Turkmenistan
4032:Bengal Tiger
3988:Arabian oryx
3979:Land mammal
3966:Golden eagle
3802:Gap analysis
3529:Biodiversity
3519:Conservation
3457:
3429:
3420:
3409:. Retrieved
3399:
3388:. Retrieved
3378:
3367:. Retrieved
3360:the original
3317:
3313:
3259:
3255:
3245:
3234:. Retrieved
3229:
3220:
3209:. Retrieved
3205:
3195:
3184:. Retrieved
3174:
3163:. Retrieved
3153:
3142:. Retrieved
3130:
3119:. Retrieved
3117:. 2018-12-11
3114:
3105:
3072:
3068:
3042:. Retrieved
3038:
2983:
2979:
2969:
2959:, retrieved
2945:
2935:
2910:. Retrieved
2906:
2896:
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2514:the original
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2474:. 2018-01-11
2471:
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2446:. 2016-12-19
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2170:. 2019-05-06
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1903:. 2021-02-15
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1644:. 2016-06-02
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212:for illegal
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181:
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148:urbanization
140:habitat loss
130:
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5839:Virtual zoo
5834:Safari park
5824:Petting zoo
5784:Insectarium
5779:Herpetarium
5649:Nationalism
5621:Common-pool
5262:Hydrosphere
5255:remediation
5240:Groundwater
4835:Degradation
4532:South Sudan
4497:New Zealand
4204:South Sudan
4189:New Zealand
3883:Restoration
3430:www.zsl.org
3206:www.fws.gov
3180:"Farm Bill"
2472:www.fws.gov
1771:October 15,
838:bald eagles
187:Overfishing
6006:Frozen zoo
5819:Pheasantry
5809:Oceanarium
5644:Extraction
5603:Wilderness
5564:accounting
5547:Management
5513:ecological
5501:tragedy of
5420:Peak water
5405:Efficiency
5378:Sanitation
5320:Stormwater
5313:harvesting
5289:Irrigation
5191:management
5149:gene banks
5090:management
5068:management
4984:resilience
4950:phosphorus
4906:industrial
4884:Management
4860:soundscape
4766:Geothermal
4472:Madagascar
4427:Costa Rica
4377:Bangladesh
4139:Costa Rica
4102:By country
4022:Slow loris
3998:Polar bear
3851:Key issues
3638:Approaches
3411:2011-05-01
3390:2011-05-01
3369:2011-05-01
3236:2022-05-29
3211:2016-01-21
3186:2018-12-25
3165:2018-12-25
3144:2011-05-01
3121:2019-06-06
3044:2023-04-12
2961:2023-04-12
2912:2023-04-12
2634:1902.09324
2520:2019-11-18
2478:2019-05-28
2450:2019-06-06
2354:2021-10-04
2325:2019-05-13
2301:2019-06-12
2268:2019-06-06
2202:2019-05-22
2174:2019-05-22
2040:2023-10-07
2015:2023-10-15
1990:2023-04-13
1979:KKIENERM.
1907:2023-04-13
1879:2023-04-13
1855:2023-04-12
1746:2019-05-13
1722:2019-05-12
1648:2019-05-12
1527:2023-09-27
1502:2023-09-27
1477:2019-01-04
1436:1347768873
1400:2023-04-12
1373:2019-04-14
1349:2019-04-14
1322:2019-05-12
1293:2019-05-12
1269:2022-05-29
1245:2022-05-29
1221:2022-05-29
1163:(7): 539.
1067:2019-05-13
1040:2019-05-13
1013:2019-04-15
985:References
768:native to
421:heat waves
329:pollutants
281:Queensland
75:extinction
55:ecosystems
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6026:Zookeeper
5916:Aquariums
5799:Menagerie
5726:aquariums
5654:Renewable
5639:Depletion
5626:Conflict
5508:Economics
5486:enclosure
5445:Resources
5425:Pollution
5342:Watershed
5245:pollution
5176:Seed bank
5171:Rangeland
5053:Fisheries
5038:Biosphere
5031:biopiracy
4974:fertility
4850:cityscape
4845:Landscape
4752:peak coal
4739:Resources
4690:Emissions
4482:Mauritius
4447:Indonesia
4372:Australia
4179:Mauritius
4159:Indonesia
4144:Hong Kong
4114:Australia
4086:Seed bank
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3089:0264-410X
3000:1471-4922
2888:2296-701X
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2602:1537-6176
2398:1476-4687
2296:0890-5738
2242:0006-3207
2150:206552746
2134:0036-8075
2080:0888-8892
2035:Asia Wild
1963:231635434
1947:1471-4922
1816:0036-8075
1444:cite book
1179:1424-2818
1157:Diversity
1108:868150915
723:topically
672:transects
448:species.
323:Pollution
289:Australia
6103:Category
5844:Vivarium
5764:Bear pit
5754:Aquarium
5730:aviaries
5680:Category
5613:Resource
5552:adaptive
5450:improved
5410:Conflict
5395:Security
5390:Scarcity
5383:improved
5373:Leaching
5250:recharge
5230:Drinking
5181:Wildlife
5048:Bushmeat
5043:Bushfood
4996:planning
4901:gemstone
4896:Minerals
4877:property
4865:viewshed
4855:seascape
4786:sunlight
4760:peak oil
4756:peak gas
4547:Thailand
4542:Tanzania
4512:Pakistan
4477:Malaysia
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4397:Cambodia
4387:Botswana
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770:Ethiopia
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3326:4192201
3287:6482936
3230:FWS.gov
3069:Vaccine
3009:7498468
2683:Bibcode
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1796:Bibcode
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4957:rights
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4656:Index
4492:Nepal
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4169:Italy
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