959:
639:
377:
35:
2099:
2109:
312:
358:
1041:. Lali guras (red rhododendron) is especially popular. It is grown extensively throughout Nepal, and particularly in the elevation range of 1,400–3,600 m. The flower is a national symbol and part of the cultural and religious ethos of the country. It symbolizes "national unity and people's sovereignty" and "reflects the spirit of
369:
417:
With the 1973 passing of the
National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 2029 BS, Nepal has established numerous national parks and reserves in order to protect its fauna. There are four different classes of protection, ranging from national parks and nature reserves to wildlife and hunting
1045:(republic) marked by inclusiveness and gender parity." The red rhododendron flowers forms the decorative ring in the form of wreath around the national emblem of Nepal which comprise the flag of Nepal, Mount Everest, green mountains, yellow colour representing the fertile
1049:(foothills region of the Himalayas) and with hands of male and female joined representing gender equality, and with an outline of the map of Nepal in the background. Below this emblem there is an inscription in Sanskrit which reads
400:
species. Nepal has numerous national parks and reserves to protect its diverse fauna. Nepal is a biodiversity hot spot with ecoregions broadly comprising the mountainous ecoregion, the savanna and grasslands ecoregion of the
1004:
checklist (as of 2006), in the protected sites, there are 2,532 species of vascular plants under 1,034 genera and 199 families. The variation in figures is attributed to inadequate floral coverage filed studies.
461:
There are 208 mammal species reported including 28 species outside the limits of the protected areas but excluding four known extinct species. Among the species of mammal found in Nepal, notable are the
418:
reserves. By 1992 Nepal had established seven national parks, protecting in total over 893,200 hectares (3,449 sq mi) of land. Under these classes as of 2002 there were 23
249:
1001:
344:
221:
1672:
388:. Because of the variance in climate, from tropical to arctic, Nepal has a large variety of plants and animals. Wildlife tourism is a major source of
2013:
1395:
190:
1656:
1623:
1589:
1374:
1316:
1988:
1738:
102:
672:
in the country and over 900 bird species (as of 2012) in Nepal of which 30 are globally threatened, 1 is endemic and 1 is introduced. The
1474:
1061:
There are 38 protected wildlife species of fauna including birds of which 50% are in various stages of threat. These are the following:
34:
2064:
1531:
577:. Although the above are found elsewhere in southeast Asia, there are quite a few reptile species unique to the country, including
337:
236:
144:
1053:, which means "Mother and the motherland are greater than heaven." It is also used in traditional medicine to cure dysentery.
2074:
1823:
282:
2138:
2069:
2033:
569:
85:
1933:
693:
68:
514:. Some of these, including the internationally recognized snow leopard are endangered and at risk of extinction. The
1519:
2143:
1556:
619:
330:
256:
149:
2028:
119:
422:: nine national parks, three wildlife reserves, three conservation areas, one hunting reserve, three additional
2038:
1983:
1948:
1903:
1755:
1731:
585:
530:
431:
419:
137:
112:
95:
275:
124:
1008:
There are 400 species of vascular plants which are endemic to Nepal. Of these, two in particular are orchids
197:
2133:
1883:
1873:
1868:
1813:
1763:
1676:
933:
625:
176:
107:
90:
2079:
73:
2023:
1993:
1968:
1863:
1783:
1773:
903:
755:
663:
78:
1958:
1953:
1833:
801:
609:
435:
162:
2084:
1010:
1973:
1928:
1908:
1898:
1798:
1402:
1190:
1111:
749:
597:
555:
2053:
1998:
1913:
1893:
1778:
1768:
1724:
1451:
669:
603:
522:
427:
2108:
966:
Research undertaken in the late 1970s and early 1980s documented 5,067 species of which 5041 were
638:
376:
2043:
1978:
1943:
1878:
1858:
1848:
1808:
1793:
1788:
1366:
Wild sheep and goats and their relatives: status survey and conservation action plan for
Caprinae
1280:
996:
990:
984:
813:
560:
958:
2003:
1963:
1938:
1853:
1828:
1818:
1803:
1652:
1619:
1585:
1579:
1370:
1364:
1312:
818:
742:
631:
591:
289:
1613:
1306:
1923:
1888:
1843:
1838:
1747:
1646:
1446:
1164:
962:
Emblem of Nepal with a wreath of red rhododendron enclosing the other symbols of the country
495:
483:
439:
296:
1231:
1172:
1104:
1034:
979:
866:
807:
712:
The aquatic faunal species reported from the water bodies in Nepal are: pharping catfish (
673:
643:
491:
471:
1535:
1221:
1119:
953:
574:
550:
546:
526:
451:
54:
49:
533:. These otters are threatened by the increasing pollution of the rivers they inhabit.
2127:
2102:
1437:
1428:
1183:
1147:
894:
786:
779:
772:
728:
721:
701:
393:
392:
in the country. There are some animal species which are unique to Nepal, such as the
676:, the national bird, is a type of pheasant. In addition, there are eight species of
1211:
1201:
1046:
1030:
841:
735:
579:
511:
503:
479:
467:
397:
362:
317:
2112:
1157:
888:
872:
849:
827:
714:
507:
487:
423:
229:
1272:
971:
967:
924:
877:
475:
463:
307:
1258:
1074:
1016:
916:
883:
767:
542:
499:
406:
978:
area has hardwood, bamboo, palm, and sal trees. Notable plants include the
518:, thought to be regionally extinct in the 1970s, was rediscovered in 2014.
1137:
908:
681:
515:
1427:
McCarthy, T.; Mallon, D.; Jackson, R.; Zahler, P.; McCarthy, K. (2017).
357:
1241:
939:
833:
761:
697:
685:
651:
541:
There are several types of reptile native to the country, ranging from
389:
368:
1475:"On World Otter Day, an uphill struggle for these creatures in Nepal"
689:
1499:
1341:
529:
are present in the country, and there are historical records of the
1716:
1698:
799:
Some of the important insect species reported are: ground beetles (
975:
957:
677:
637:
614:
402:
385:
375:
367:
356:
1094:
1084:
1720:
857:
1401:. Icimod Organization. pp. 18, 33–35. Archived from
1300:
1298:
2052:
2012:
1754:
549:. Some of the more prominent examples include the
191:National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1973
1557:"Avibase - Bird Checklists of the World:Nepal"
1520:Gharial found breeding in Nepal after 37 years
1452:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T22732A50664030.en
1305:Zuchora-Walske, Christine (1 September 2008).
438:. In addition, the World Heritage Site in the
1732:
338:
8:
1311:. Twenty-First Century Books. pp. 14–.
1029:The most popular endemic plant of Nepal is
384:Wildlife diversity is a notable feature of
1739:
1725:
1717:
442:covers zones of significant biodiversity.
430:. The most noted world heritage sites are
345:
331:
17:
1584:. The Mountaineers Books. pp. 182–.
1534:. Bird Conservation Nepal. Archived from
1450:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1051:jananī janmabhūmiśca svargādapi garīyasī
1294:
654:reproduction since 1982 was confirmed.
25:
1612:Bindloss, Joseph (15 September 2010).
1532:"Important Bird Areas of Nepal (IBAs)"
1390:
1388:
1386:
704:is the only species endemic to Nepal.
1648:National Register of Medicinal Plants
1581:Trekking in Nepal: a traveler's guide
7:
1699:"Nepal's Protected Wildlife Species"
882:). Other invertebrates reported are
635:) are also reptiles found in Nepal.
1675:. Nepali flower.com. Archived from
1673:"Lali Gurans – Our National Flower"
1438:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
970:and the remaining 26 species were
14:
2107:
2098:
2097:
1473:Abhaya Raj Joshi (28 May 2024).
310:
33:
1618:. Lonely Planet. pp. 81–.
1344:. Living National Treasures.Com
237:Natural History Museum of Nepal
2065:British Indian Ocean Territory
650:In 2019, the first successful
646:is the national bird of Nepal.
601:, the Annapurna ground skink (
1:
1701:. Foresrty Nepal Organization
1363:Shackleton, David M. (1997).
629:) and the Tibetan pit viper (
396:. Nepal is also host to many
252:Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
623:), Shah's bamboo pit viper (
570:Trimeresurus septentrionalis
1651:. IUCN. 2000. pp. 3–.
1578:Bezruchka, Stephen (1997).
929:Darwininitium shiwalikianum
668:There are approximately 27
2160:
1502:. Living Natural Treasures
1057:Protected species of fauna
951:
937:), and freshwater snails (
661:
620:Cyrtodactylus martinstolli
449:
2093:
1396:"Biodiversity Assessment"
864:), ant-mimicking thrips (
1814:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1000:. However, according to
934:Laevozebrinus nepalensis
854:Nepalocaryanda latifrons
747:, erethistid catfishes (
680:, five other species of
586:Cyrtodactylus nepalensis
531:Asian small-clawed otter
432:Sagarmatha National Park
276:Nepalese natural history
2075:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1369:. IUCN. pp. 233–.
1140:, rediscovered in 2014)
913:Heterometrus nepalensis
823:Hesperoclytus katarinae
733:), Nepalese snowtrout (
696:, and sixty species of
626:Trimeresurus karanshahi
250:International Union for
21:Part of a series on the
963:
904:Euophrys omnisuperstes
862:Andrena kathmanduensis
756:Erethistoides cavatura
664:List of birds of Nepal
647:
607:), the lidless skink (
426:, and four additional
381:
373:
365:
1445:: e.T22732A50664030.
1276:(great Tibetan sheep)
1266:Indeterminate species
1228:Eupodotis bengalensis
1194:(Himalayan musk deer)
1123:(Asiatic rock python)
961:
952:Further information:
802:Cychropsis nepalensis
641:
610:Ablepharus nepalensis
436:Chitwan National Park
405:(foothills), and the
379:
371:
360:
1989:United Arab Emirates
1191:Moschus chrysogaster
1112:Platanista gangetica
1033:(arboreum) which in
901:), jumping spiders (
750:Erethistoides ascita
670:Important Bird Areas
598:Japalura tricarinata
565:Indotestudo elongata
556:Gloydius himalayanus
428:World Heritage Sites
283:Environmental issues
2139:Wildlife by country
2016:limited recognition
1615:Lonely Planet Nepal
1238:Gavialis gangeticus
1154:Caprolagus hispidus
1071:Antilope cervicapra
921:Cryptops nepalensis
846:Gryllotalpa pygmaea
814:Caccobius scheuerni
770:catfishes (such as
759:), bagrid catfish (
726:, Nepalese minnow (
604:Scincella capitanea
559:(a pit viper), the
523:smooth-coated otter
222:Ministry of Forests
1679:on 16 January 2011
1281:Varanus flavescens
1176:(Asiatic elephant)
1115:(Gangetic dolphin)
997:Persicaria affinis
991:Meconopsis villosa
985:Luculia gratissima
964:
819:longhorned beetles
648:
561:elongated tortoise
382:
380:The Bengal monitor
374:
366:
184:Acts of Parliament
2144:Wildlife of Nepal
2121:
2120:
2058:other territories
1748:Wildlife of Asia
1658:978-92-9144-048-1
1625:978-1-74220-361-4
1591:978-0-89886-938-5
1376:978-2-8317-0353-4
1318:978-0-8225-8578-7
1308:Nepal in Pictures
1218:Catreus wallichii
1101:Neofelis nebulosa
1011:Pleione coronaria
838:Isopsera caligula
743:Turcinoemacheilus
632:Gloydius strauchi
592:Sitana sivalensis
355:
354:
27:Wildlife of Nepal
2151:
2111:
2101:
2100:
2070:Christmas Island
1756:Sovereign states
1741:
1734:
1727:
1718:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1528:
1522:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1454:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1408:on 22 March 2014
1407:
1400:
1392:
1381:
1380:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1338:
1323:
1322:
1302:
1284:(golden monitor)
1165:Cervus duvauceli
811:, dung beetles (
496:Chinese pangolin
484:Asiatic elephant
440:Kathmandu Valley
413:Legal protection
347:
340:
333:
320:
315:
314:
313:
259:for Nature (WWF)
198:Forest Act, 1993
37:
18:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2089:
2057:
2048:
2029:Northern Cyprus
2015:
2008:
1750:
1745:
1715:
1714:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1659:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1562:
1560:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1541:
1539:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1518:
1514:
1505:
1503:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1483:
1481:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1455:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1384:
1377:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1347:
1345:
1340:
1339:
1326:
1319:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1291:
1232:Bengal florican
1198:Panthera tigris
1173:Elephas maximus
1144:Bubalus bubalis
1105:clouded leopard
1059:
1035:Nepali language
1027:
1025:National flower
980:garden angelica
956:
950:
899:Brignolia ankhu
867:Franklinothrips
808:Nebria molendai
797:
710:
666:
660:
547:monitor lizards
539:
492:Indian pangolin
472:clouded leopard
459:
454:
448:
420:protected areas
415:
372:The Tibetan fox
351:
316:
311:
309:
302:
301:
271:
263:
262:
261:
258:
257:World Wide Fund
254:
251:
226:
224:and Environment
223:
211:
203:
202:
165:
155:
154:
140:
138:Protected areas
130:
129:
45:
12:
11:
5:
2157:
2155:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2134:Biota of Nepal
2126:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2105:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2059:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2020:
2018:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1760:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1721:
1713:
1712:
1690:
1664:
1657:
1638:
1624:
1604:
1590:
1570:
1548:
1523:
1512:
1491:
1465:
1431:Panthera uncia
1419:
1382:
1375:
1355:
1324:
1317:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1277:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1235:
1225:
1222:cheer pheasant
1215:
1208:Panthera uncia
1205:
1195:
1187:
1177:
1169:
1161:
1151:
1141:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1120:Python molurus
1116:
1108:
1098:
1088:
1078:
1067:
1066:
1058:
1055:
1026:
1023:
954:Flora of Nepal
949:
946:
895:goblin spiders
796:
793:
738:macrophthalmus
709:
706:
662:Main article:
659:
656:
575:yellow monitor
551:Bengal monitor
538:
535:
527:Eurasian otter
458:
455:
452:Fauna of Nepal
450:Main article:
447:
444:
414:
411:
353:
352:
350:
349:
342:
335:
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324:
323:
322:
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270:Related topics
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145:National parks
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29:
23:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2156:
2145:
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2135:
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2129:
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2039:South Ossetia
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2011:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
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1990:
1987:
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1982:
1980:
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1972:
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1967:
1965:
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1900:
1897:
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1857:
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1757:
1753:
1749:
1742:
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1700:
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1660:
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1649:
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1627:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1608:
1605:
1593:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1574:
1571:
1559:. Avibase.com
1558:
1552:
1549:
1538:on 2013-05-14
1537:
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1269:
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1264:
1260:
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1255:Sus salvanius
1253:
1252:
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1239:
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1213:
1209:
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1199:
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1181:
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1148:water buffalo
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795:Invertebrates
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787:Pseudecheneis
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769:
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746:
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731:pseudecheneis
730:
729:Psilorhynchus
725:
723:
722:Psilorhynchus
718:
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708:Aquatic fauna
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2054:Dependencies
1984:Turkmenistan
1949:Saudi Arabia
1918:
1703:. Retrieved
1693:
1681:. Retrieved
1677:the original
1667:
1647:
1641:
1629:. Retrieved
1614:
1607:
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1580:
1573:
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1551:
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1536:the original
1526:
1515:
1504:. Retrieved
1494:
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1478:
1468:
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1442:
1436:
1430:
1422:
1410:. Retrieved
1403:the original
1365:
1358:
1346:. Retrieved
1307:
1279:
1271:
1254:
1237:
1227:
1217:
1212:snow leopard
1207:
1202:Bengal tiger
1197:
1189:
1179:
1171:
1168:(swamp deer)
1163:
1153:
1143:
1133:
1118:
1110:
1100:
1090:
1080:
1070:
1060:
1050:
1047:Terai region
1042:
1038:
1031:rhododendron
1028:
1015:
1009:
1007:
995:
989:
983:
965:
942:mahadevensis
938:
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928:
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865:
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850:grasshoppers
845:
837:
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771:
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748:
741:
736:Schizothorax
734:
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713:
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688:, seventeen
667:
649:
630:
624:
618:
608:
602:
596:
590:
584:
580:Sitana fusca
578:
568:
564:
554:
540:
520:
512:Tibetan wolf
504:snow leopard
480:Asiatic lion
468:Bengal tiger
460:
424:Ramsar sites
416:
398:rhododendron
383:
363:snow leopard
318:Nepal portal
243:
215:
183:
169:
163:Conservation
150:Ramsar Sites
61:
44:Biodiversity
26:
15:
2113:Asia portal
2014:States with
1934:Philippines
1874:South Korea
1869:North Korea
1764:Afghanistan
1458:12 November
1158:hispid hare
1091:Canis lupus
972:gymnosperms
968:angiosperms
925:land snails
889:Haplocosmia
873:damselflies
830:mariailgeae
828:Heterolocha
782:crassicauda
715:Myersglanis
694:flycatchers
508:Tibetan fox
488:marbled cat
409:ecoregion.
361:A Nepalese
230:Central Zoo
86:Butterflies
2128:Categories
1994:Uzbekistan
1969:Tajikistan
1884:Kyrgyzstan
1864:Kazakhstan
1784:Bangladesh
1774:Azerbaijan
1542:2013-05-25
1506:2013-05-25
1289:References
1273:Ovis ammon
1249:Extirpated
1180:Felis lynx
1128:Endangered
1081:Bos gaurus
1065:Vulnerable
1043:Lok tantra
1037:is called
917:centipedes
891:nepalensis
884:tarantulas
878:Calicnemia
825:), moths (
764:macronotus
724:nepalensis
573:, and the
543:pit vipers
476:corsac fox
464:Bengal fox
69:Amphibians
2080:Hong Kong
2034:Palestine
1959:Sri Lanka
1954:Singapore
1834:Indonesia
1259:pygmy hog
1134:Bos mutus
1093:(Tibetan
1075:blackbuck
1017:Oreorchis
909:scorpions
869:strasseni
789:serracula
692:, thirty
500:red panda
407:Rara Lake
2103:Category
2024:Abkhazia
1974:Thailand
1929:Pakistan
1909:Mongolia
1904:Maldives
1899:Malaysia
1799:Cambodia
1479:Mongabay
1138:wild yak
880:nipalica
834:katydids
745:himalaya
698:warblers
686:minivets
682:pheasant
658:Avifauna
537:Reptiles
516:wild yak
290:Forestry
216:National
170:Projects
120:Reptiles
113:Odonates
103:Molluscs
1999:Vietnam
1914:Myanmar
1894:Lebanon
1824:Georgia
1779:Bahrain
1769:Armenia
1500:"Nepal"
1342:"Nepal"
1242:gharial
1200:(royal
940:Tricula
768:sisorid
762:Batasio
717:blythii
690:cuckoos
652:gharial
457:Mammals
446:Animals
390:tourism
297:Tourism
125:Spiders
96:Mammals
2044:Taiwan
1979:Turkey
1944:Russia
1879:Kuwait
1859:Jordan
1849:Israel
1809:Cyprus
1794:Brunei
1789:Bhutan
1705:29 May
1683:5 June
1655:
1631:25 May
1622:
1597:25 May
1588:
1563:30 May
1484:7 June
1412:30 May
1373:
1348:29 May
1315:
1146:(wild
1002:ICOMOS
994:, and
974:. The
871:) and
766:) and
700:. The
684:, six
674:danphe
644:danphe
615:geckos
2085:Macau
2004:Yemen
1964:Syria
1939:Qatar
1919:Nepal
1854:Japan
1829:India
1819:Egypt
1804:China
1406:(PDF)
1399:(PDF)
1039:guras
976:Terai
948:Flora
775:eddsi
678:stork
403:terai
386:Nepal
177:Crane
108:Moths
79:Birds
62:Lists
55:Fauna
50:Flora
1924:Oman
1889:Laos
1844:Iraq
1839:Iran
1707:2013
1685:2013
1653:ISBN
1633:2013
1620:ISBN
1599:2013
1586:ISBN
1565:2013
1486:2024
1460:2021
1443:2017
1414:2013
1371:ISBN
1350:2013
1313:ISBN
1095:wolf
1085:gaur
1014:and
931:and
858:bees
784:and
753:and
642:The
583:and
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521:The
510:and
434:and
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