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495:(WMAs) are areas where wildlife utilization is controlled by law. The WMAs often function as buffer areas around wildlife reserves, since most wildlife populations spend extended periods outside of the sanctuaries. The concept was developed in the 1980s. Its purpose is to prevent transformation of land, where wildlife is used commercially, into agricultural land, where wild animals are persecuted or even eradicated. Proposals have been made for 12 WMAs, one of them was rejected by district authorities.
263:, was the first conservation area to be set in the southern Kalahari Desert in May 2000. Out of a total area of 38,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi), Botswana has control over 28,400 square kilometres (11,000 sq mi) while the balance 9,600 square kilometres (3,700 sq mi) is with South Africa. Two ecological zones of savannahs and grasslands of Africa in semi-arid environment, with least anthropological pressure, are represented here by
19:
844:. The palm, an evergreen, tends to reach a height of around 6 metres (20 ft) and grows in abundance in the swamps in Botswana, along with the papyrus. It exhibits feather-shaped leaves, as compared to the fan-shaped leaves of the real fan palm. The leaves typically grow to about 3–4 metres (9.8–13.1 ft) in length with some soft basal leaflets and others which are dark green and rough in appearance. Male florets of the tree are pale dirty-yellow and
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the area. There are also 30 other animal species found in this area as well as over 250 bird species. There are many activities that can be taken place while at Khama Rhino
Sanctuary these include, game drives, nature walks and rhino tracking. The sanctuary is a community trust governed by a board of trustees who are elected from the local communities of
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805:
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1599:, near the city of Gaborone, has a small area of 600 hectares (1,500 acres) but provides for popular viewing along roads. It has plenty of birds and wild life in its precincts The reserve is habitat of thorn scrub and woodland to riverine forest and marshland which attracts a wide variety of birds such as raptors a
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Manyelanong Game
Reserve's small cliffs protect a breeding colony of Cape vultures, the largest such colony in Botswana and hence called the "Otse Vulture Colony" as its vultures are an endangered species protected by law. Protection has enabled the species to proliferate; its numbers in recent years
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areas, and can reach heights of up to 20 metres (66 ft), making it amongst the tallest trees in
Botswana. It is noted for its fruits which resemble oversized sausages and can weigh up to 4–5 kg and up to 50 centimetres (20 in) long and 15 centimetres (5.9 in) in diameter. The bark
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is one of the largest trees growing in
Botswana, typically found in the Okavango delta growing up to 20 metres. A semi-deciduous tree, it has a deeply fluted stem with bright orange bark and grows figs up to 3 cm in diameter which eventually turn pale red to red when mature from green and peak
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woodland and acacia forests, floodplains and lagoons. It is said to be one of the most beautiful reserves in Africa maintained by the
Department of Wildlife and National Parks. Birdlife in the park is wide and of varied species; water birds to shy forest dwellers are commonly seen. Other wild life
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and may grow older than 2000 years. The bark is characteristically pinkish-grey in color, with a shiny tint. Large white flowers, averaging about 12 cm across and appear between
October and December, whilst the greyish-brown fruits which average about 24 cm in length appear in April–May.
483:
The
Northern Tuli Game Reserve is a private reserve covering an area of 46,000 hectares (110,000 acres) made up of savannah plains, riverine forests, open marshland and rugged outcrops of sandstone. It is the largest private reserve in Southern Africa. It has the largest elephant population in the
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was established in 1992, covering 8,585 hectares (21,210 acres) of
Kalahari sandveld with Serwe Pan, primarily to protect the rhinos which at that time was listed subject to poaching causing fears of extinction. A community trust was established to protect the black and white rhino species left in
919:
The deciduous water-thriving
African mangosteen in Botswana can grow up to 18 metres (59 ft) in height, identifiable by its bare, evenly sectioned yellowish-grey stem which stands out against its dense, very dark crown. The bark is grey in color and the tree sports dark green, shiny leathery
306:
is situated on the eastern side of the
Okavango Delta and was named after Chief Moremi of the BaTawana tribe. Moremi was designated as a game reserve, rather than a national park, when it was created. This designation meant that the BaSarwa or Bushmen that lived there were allowed to stay in the
161:"thirstland". It is in fact covered by shrubland vegetation of trees, grasslands, scrub and thorny bushes. Apart from scattered hills and valleys, the dunes system of the southern part contains pans that fill with water during the rains, sustaining the wildlife with its nutrients and grasses.
203:
and extends over an area of 10,566 square kilometres (4,080 sq mi). Initially established as a reserve area in 1960 became the first gazetted national park in 1967. Chobe River valley forms the northeast part of the park and has thick forests and lush green plains. The marshland of
49:, many species survive; in fact the country has more than 2500 species of plants and 650 species of trees. Vegetation and its wild fruits are also extremely important to rural populations living in the desert and are the principal source of food, fuel and medicine for many inhabitants.
1369:. An initiative started by the IBA is of setting up 'Site Support Groups' (SSGs), an organised group of local people with the objective to "sustain biodiversity to sustain livelihoods in rural Botswana"; there are 150 SSGs in important bird areas reported to be functioning throughout
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leaves averaging 9 centimetres (3.5 in) by 3 centimetres (1.2 in), with a yellow veining are diagnostic. The fruit which the tree bears is oval and of a pinky-orange color, about 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in) in diameter on average and appears from November to February.
837:, with a thick peel covering white slippery pulp, which like the leaves turns increasingly yellow at the end of the blooming season. It also bears flowers, pinkish with male and red-purple and white with female.; the male tends to be larger and borne on sparse drooping racemes.
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grows is a small deciduous shrub occurring in wooded grassland and bushveld, particular in rocky areas. It exhibits a yellowish-brown drupe, subglobose edible fruit, up to 35 millimetres (1.4 in) in diameter of which the seed is often obtained to create a dish called
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is around 27% of the total land area, equivalent to 15,254,700 hectares (ha) of forest in 2020, down from 18,803,700 hectares (ha) in 1990. In 2020, naturally regenerating forest covered 15,254,700 hectares, of the naturally regenerating forest 0% was reported to be
719:. Gruff shrubland tends to grow in the dryer desert areas, whilst trees tend to grow in the swamps, particularly in the Okavango delta which have access to more water to thrive. Botswana is home to over 2500 species of plants and over 650 species of trees.
467:, leopard and water buck. The park is developed as nature reserve with extensive network of jeepable (4x4) paths, which permits viewing the wild life at close quarters. The park administration is planning to expand its limits of conservation area up to the
459:. Its ecosystem has, as result of restocking efforts, witnessed proliferation of many species of wildlife like white rhino, cheetah, mountain reedbuck, giraffe, zebra, red hartebeest, sable, gemsbok, which coexists along with the indigenous fauna such as
283:, which cover a large area of 7,500 square kilometres (2,900 sq mi) were established in the 1970s. They have complementarity in wild life migrations, which necessitated merging the two parks into a single entity. It has the pans of
512:(consisting of native tree species with no clearly visible indications of human activity) and around 11% of the forest area was found within protected areas. For the year 2015, 24% of the forest area was reported to be under
833:. From January to July, the leaves are grey-green but eventually turn pale yellow and fall off in the latter part of the year during the winter. During the summer months the trees exhibit round to oval fruit, rich in
362:) has been carried out. Deception was the name given to the salt pans of the valley, which gave deceptive sight (mirage) of a water body from a distance. Tree Island used to be the main camping ground here.
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is grey and smooth in younger trees and may exhibit leaves up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and dark red to maroon cup-shaped flowers measuring 15 by 15 cm, which bloom in August to October.
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mammals. The rich faunal and floral diversity has involved several research projects. Its approach from Goborone involves road travel over a distance of 865 kilometres (537 mi).
1455:. It encompasses an area of 230 square kilometres (89 sq mi) and maintained as a community project to preserve its 165 bird species. Some of the species reported are the
342:, the second largest reserve in Botswana covering an area of 52,800 square kilometres (20,400 sq mi), is a habitat of open plains, salt pans and riverbeds. It has wooded
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The Botswana Bird Club (BBC) established in 1980, now renamed as BirdLife Botswana promotes ornithological knowledge and interest and also publishes a biannual journal called
322:
tribal land, has undulating topography of the bush savanna vegetation. It is sparsely populated due to poor water sources and wild life in the mineralised pan system within
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45:, varying from shrub savanna in the southwest in the dry areas to tree savanna consisting of trees and grass in the wetter areas. Even under the hot conditions of the
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known for their bird life cover more than 25% of the land surface of the country. These parks are: The Chobe National Park; the Linyanti Swamp along the
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1637:, established in 1965 and expanded over the years and now covering an area of 4,871 square kilometres (1,881 sq mi), it is the habitat of
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are generally short. Some of the other faunal species seen here are sable, wildebeest, kudu, buffalo and waterbuck, apart from lion, hyena, jackal,
527:, which receives only an average annual rainfall of about 450 millimetres (18 in) only, is generally defined under three broad heads namely,
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1868:
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spreads over a 10,000 hectares (25,000 acres) area, is a park maintained by the Mokolodi Wildlife Foundation, a private organization, near
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population is the largest in Botswana, and the animals' seasonal migratory route covers 200 kilometres (120 mi) between the Chobe and
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world. In addition, more than 350 species of birds have been reported here. Other fauna of Botswana are also commonly found here.
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1618:. Faunal species seen here are the rhino, impala, kudu, ostriches, wildebeest, zebra, gemsbok, bushbuck, springbok, duiker the
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which show seasonal difference in its nutrition value, with woody plants recording higher values compared to the grasses;
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1500:
400:, red hartebeest and springbok are seen in the pans and valleys, particularly during the period from December to April.
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Three national parks and seven game reserves stretch over 17% of Botswana's land area. The three national parks are the
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African Forage Plant Genetic Resources, Evalulation of Forage Germplasm and Extensive Livestock Production Systems
2002:
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1549:, which are potentially invasive and of economic concern. The majority of species occur in the regions of the
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Wild date palm is one of only two species of palm tree which occur on the Okavango Delta, the other being the
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775:. The trees tend to grow in areas with a plentiful supply of water, such as in the Okavango Delta swamps.
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forests in the south and east. The indigenous people residing here since ancient times are known as
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1525:) have been recorded in 43 genera and 21 families. There are also four introduced species:
1409:, wetlands, hills, in areas of Kalahari Highveld, deltas and around lakes created by dams.
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established in 1971, covering an area of 2,500 square kilometres (970 sq mi) in
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and wild dogs. Also more than 500 bird species have been recorded in Chobe National Park.
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1475:. Water birds of Africa flock to this place during winter; the bird species reported are
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890:
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821:
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Rapalai, B.L. (2024). "An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana".
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dealing with all issues of bird conservation, research and training in Botswana.
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were the original inhabitants of this land who were hunter gatherers. The park's
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864:(white-browed sparrow-weaver) nests, within an acacia tree in the Okavango Delta
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128:
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Parry, DC* & Campbell, B. (1990). "Wildlife management areas of Botswana".
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199:, with its four ecosystems, is known for its largest wildlife concentration in
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1451:, established in the early 1990s, is situated to the far northeastern edge of
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Terms and Definitions FRA 2025 Forest Resources Assessment, Working Paper 194
2027:. Official website of the Botswana Tourism Organisation. 2006. Archived from
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1650:. Moremi is also particularly well known for its African wild dog sightings.
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thrived on grass growing in the pans which in turn has attracted predators.
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forms the western zone. The hinterland is hemmed between the marshland of
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92:. In addition, a number of small privately owned reserves are maintained.
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also known as the Lord Derby eland), which is Africa's largest antelope.
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1357:; the Makgadikgadi Pans; the Central Kalahari; the Manyelanong Hill; the
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232:. The body size of the elephants here is the largest. However, their
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715:. Small areas of forest exist, but only in the far north along the
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2142:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2023.
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1365:; the Phakalane Sewage Lagoons; the Southeast Botswana; and the
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825:, grows to an average of 15 meters (and up to 20 meters) in the
460:
397:
385:
368:, a famous book made this a popular place. Wild animals such as
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237:
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1646:(found in large number in the Hippo Pool), a few rhino and the
951:
of sausage tree grows in the Okavango Delta, especially in the
545:
has recorded more nutritional content during the rainy season.
2313:. Official website of the Botswana Tourism Organisation. 2006.
2422:. Official website of the Botswana Tourism Organisation. 2006
2400:. Official website of the Botswana Tourism Organisation. 2006
2327:. Official website of the Botswana Tourism Organisation. 2006
2101:. Official website of the Botswana Tourism Organisation. 2006
2079:. Official website of the Botswana Tourism Organisation. 2006
2005:. Official website of the Botswana Tourism Organisation. 2006
1983:. Official website of the Botswana Tourism Organisation. 2006
1961:. Official website of the Botswana Tourism Organisation. 2006
1939:. Official website of the Botswana Tourism Organisation. 2006
1895:. Official website of the Botswana Tourism Organisation. 2006
1838:. Official website of the Botswana Tourism Organisation. 2006
2166:. ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD). pp. 37–. GGKEY:1WUC5B1U5L6
1020:
Eight bird species, out of the 593 reported, are considered
668:
has both grasses and woody plants. The woody plants are the
554:
consists of woody plants and grasses. The woody plants are;
326:
has been their major source of sustenance. The wild life of
1747:"Edible Indigenous Wild Fruit Plants of Eastern Botswana"
819:
The marula or morula tree, belonging to the mango family
2231:. Wildlife and nature guides to the world. 6 April 2011.
1914:
829:
in bushveld and woodland, and has a greyish bark and is
622:
desert's vegetation expanse consists of grasses, namely
813:
Left: Marula tree. Right: Green fruits of the marula.
2807:
2782:
2501:
350:or the Basarwa or San. Its fame is also due to its
157:, which covers about 84% of Botswana, known by the
41:of this country. Botswana is around 90% covered in
1745:Motlhanka, D.M.T., P. Motlhanka and T. Selebatso.
1553:and the Chobe–Linyanti–Kwando river system along
1405:) are some of the birds reported by IBA from the
259:(KTP), a transboundary park between Botswana and
1580:recorded in Botswana, with over 250 species of
1491:. The flamingos and pelicans also breed here.
1341:and which are recognized and supported by the
782:language are some of the long living trees in
2479:
8:
1783:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1664:
1662:
141:, which extends on its western borders into
2160:International Livestock Centre for Africa.
1830:
1828:
127:with shrubland vegetation of trees. Right:
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2472:
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1675:. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 14.
1424:are 70 breeding pairs seen in the colony.
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
1959:"Makgadikgadi and Nxai Pan National Park"
1436:, the southern yellow-billed hornbill in
1755:International Journal of Poultry Science
1505:From 1854 to 2023, 63 native species of
1337:selected in Botswana of which seven are
778:The baobab tree, known as mowana in the
2201:
1658:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
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2051:"Khama Rhino Sanctuary, November 2017"
1801:African Adventurer's Guide to Botswana
1776:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
7:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1416:and a quarterly newsletter known as
165:National parks and wildlife reserves
852:and have a greener bluer coloring.
281:Makgadikgadi and Nxai National Park
275:Makgadikgadi and Nxai National Park
2289:"Botswana:BirdLife Botswana (BLB)"
1669:Behnke, Alison (1 February 2009).
1054:Mammals found in Botswana include
523:Floral diversity of vegetation in
404:Communal and private game reserves
68:. The seven game reserves are the
14:
1798:Main, Michael (31 October 2001).
2794:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
2564:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1762:: Department of Basic Sciences,
1297:
1288:
1004:
990:
976:
889:
880:
803:
794:
644:. Woody plants recorded are the
295:, Baines' Baobabs and Kudiakam.
113:
104:
2209:. Botswana Tourism Organization
2003:"Central Kalahari Game Reserve"
1764:Botswana College of Agriculture
1607:(a genus of brightly coloured,
1566:List of butterflies of Botswana
676:. The grasses reported are the
1937:"Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park"
1576:There are some 370 species of
1224:south-central black rhinoceros
942:during the dry winter season.
848:and male florets are smaller,
711:Ninety percent of Botswana is
131:in the parks and game reserves
1:
2243:"Important Bird Areas (IBAs)"
1329:Cape vulture or gyps in a zoo
436:. The President of Botswana,
340:Central Kalahari Game Reserve
334:Central Kalahari Game Reserve
70:Central Kalahari Game Reserve
2121:Botswana Notes & Records
2057:. independent-travellers.com
1860:Anthropology and the Bushman
1501:List of molluscs of Botswana
257:Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park
252:Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park
66:Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park
2269:www.birdlifebotswana.org.bw
1050:List of mammals of Botswana
873:between July and December.
2919:
2375:African Butterfly Database
2311:"Manyelanong Game Reserve"
2099:"The Mashatu Game Reserve"
1569:
1563:
1498:
1479:, ducks, geese, pelicans,
1277:
1047:
479:Northern Tuli Game Reserve
444:, is patron of the trust.
62:Makgadikgadi National Park
2077:"Mokolodi Nature Reserve"
1804:. Struik. pp. 206–.
1642:fauna such as elephants,
1572:List of moths of Botswana
1280:List of birds of Botswana
642:Megaloprotachne albescens
493:Wildlife management areas
488:Wildlife management areas
440:, Paramount Chief of the
82:Mannyelanong Game Reserve
2549:Central African Republic
2386:Afrotropical Butterflies
2291:. Birdlife International
2245:. BirdLife International
1034:Bubulcus ibis coromandus
638:Schmidtia pappophoreides
2398:"Gaborone Game Reserve"
2362:10.5281/zenodo.13132605
2025:"Khama Rhino Sanctuary"
699:Echinochloa pyramidalis
438:Seretse Khama Ian Khama
2055:Independent Travellers
1857:Barnard, Alan (2007).
1440:
1343:BirdLife International
1330:
1072:African striped weasel
865:
684:Dichanthium papillusum
193:
173:
23:
2709:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
2569:Republic of the Congo
2442:"Moremi Game Reserve"
2420:"Moremi Game Reserve"
2325:"Nata Bird Sanctuary"
2265:"BirdLife Botswana |"
1981:"Khutse Game Reserve"
1915:"Chobe National Park"
1893:"Chobe National Park"
1624:Taurotragus derbianus
1597:Gaborone Game Reserve
1592:Gaborone Game Reserve
1560:Butterflies and moths
1430:
1367:Gemsbok National Park
1333:The twelve important
1328:
1128:South African cheetah
1060:African bush elephant
858:
727:Common trees are the
628:Striagostis uniplumis
579:Colophospermum mopane
563:Albizia anthelmintica
414:Khama Rhino Sanctuary
409:Khama Rhino Sanctuary
376:, warthog, wild dog,
236:is brittle and their
184:
172:
74:Gaborone Game Reserve
21:
1672:Botswana in Pictures
1335:ornithological sites
1256:yellow-backed duiker
1144:giant sable antelope
1026:eastern cattle egret
633:Anthephora pubescens
604:Lonchocarpus capassa
585:Combretum apiculatum
569:Balanites aegyptiaca
212:on the west and the
189:at a river front in
22:Location of Botswana
2903:Wildlife by country
2784:States with limited
2495:Wildlife of Africa
2229:"Birds of Botswana"
1836:"Geographical Info"
1635:Moremi Game Reserve
1630:Moremi Game Reserve
1584:and 115 species of
1534:Lissachatina fulica
1449:Nata Bird Sanctuary
1444:Nata Bird Sanctuary
1438:Moremi Game Reserve
1030:Bubulcus coromandus
1022:globally threatened
751:(shepherd's tree),
705:Imperata cylindrica
679:Phragmites communis
656:Lonchocarpus nelsii
388:, blue wildebeest,
365:Cry of the Kalahari
354:where the study of
316:Khutse Game Reserve
311:Khutse Game Reserve
304:Moremi Game Reserve
299:Moremi Game Reserve
197:Chobe National Park
191:Chobe National Park
177:Chobe National Park
90:Moremi Game Reserve
78:Khutse Game Reserve
54:Chobe National Park
2444:. Moremi.com. 2016
1717:"Botswana: Plants"
1441:
1331:
1309:Red-footed falcons
1232:springbok antelope
1068:African golden cat
984:Springbok antelope
930:Vangueria infausta
927:tree, the species
866:
861:Plocepasser mahali
769:African mangosteen
694:Andropogon encomus
666:Okavango deltaveld
660:Terminalia sericia
624:Kragrostis pallens
537:Okavango deltaveld
360:Parahyaena brunnea
216:on its northwest.
194:
174:
24:
2898:Biota of Botswana
2885:
2884:
2811:other territories
2584:Equatorial Guinea
1917:. Chobe.com. 2016
1870:978-1-84788-330-8
1811:978-1-86872-576-2
1682:978-1-57505-953-2
1546:Radix auricularia
1433:Tockus leucomelas
1418:The Familiar Chat
1379:Falco vespertinus
1375:Red-footed falcon
1220:southern reedbuck
870:sycamore fig tree
761:sycamore fig tree
670:Ficus verruculosa
652:Grewia retinervis
518:private ownership
86:Maun Game Reserve
2910:
2872:
2871:(United Kingdom)
2867:Tristan da Cunha
2863:Ascension Island
2855:
2842:
2833:
2809:Dependencies and
2502:Sovereign states
2488:
2481:
2474:
2465:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2416:
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2383:
2377:
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2084:
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2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2031:on 10 April 2009
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1999:
1993:
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1971:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1955:
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1927:
1926:
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1911:
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1900:
1889:
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1882:
1863:. Oxford: Berg.
1854:
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1691:
1689:
1666:
1513:, 24 freshwater
1485:greater flamingo
1403:Gyps coprotheres
1301:
1292:
1212:Sharpe's grysbok
1100:Burchell's zebra
1092:bongo (antelope)
1084:black-footed cat
1008:
994:
980:
948:Kigelia africana
893:
884:
807:
798:
674:Hyphaene crinata
600:Grewia monticola
596:Grewia flavecens
514:public ownership
435:
352:Deception Valley
117:
108:
2918:
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2913:
2912:
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1497:
1489:lesser flamingo
1395:Hirundo rustica
1387:Falco amurensis
1323:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1317:Hirundo rustica
1304:
1303:
1302:
1294:
1293:
1282:
1276:
1260:yellow mongoose
1184:African leopard
1156:ground pangolin
1148:Angolan giraffe
1108:African buffalo
1076:banded mongoose
1052:
1046:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1012:African buffalo
1009:
1001:
1000:
995:
987:
986:
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917:
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817:
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647:Grewia avellana
501:
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336:
313:
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277:
254:
230:Linyanti rivers
214:Linyanti Swamps
179:
167:
139:Kalahari Desert
135:
134:
133:
132:
125:Kalahari Desert
120:
119:
118:
110:
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47:Kalahari Desert
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2876:Western Sahara
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2460:External links
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1719:. Kidcyber.com
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1605:crimson boubou
1594:
1593:
1570:Main article:
1564:Main article:
1561:
1558:
1551:Okavango Delta
1540:Physella acuta
1528:Cornu aspersum
1499:Main article:
1496:
1493:
1446:
1445:
1359:Tswapong Hills
1351:Okavango Delta
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1305:
1296:
1295:
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1286:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1278:Main article:
1275:
1272:
1264:marsh mongoose
1244:common warthog
1204:sable antelope
1192:mountain zebra
1172:Kirk's dik-dik
1048:Main article:
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933:of the family
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753:wild date palm
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689:Panicum repens
591:Grewia bicolor
510:primary forest
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1080:bat-eared fox
1077:
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1064:African civet
1061:
1057:
1051:
1043:
1041:
1040:of Botswana.
1039:
1038:national bird
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2859:Saint Helena
2830:
2734:South Africa
2724:Sierra Leone
2529:Burkina Faso
2523:
2446:. Retrieved
2436:
2424:. Retrieved
2414:
2402:. Retrieved
2392:
2381:
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2353:
2347:
2341:
2329:. Retrieved
2319:
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2293:. Retrieved
2283:
2272:. Retrieved
2268:
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2247:. Retrieved
2237:
2223:
2211:. Retrieved
2168:. Retrieved
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2120:
2115:
2103:. Retrieved
2093:
2081:. Retrieved
2071:
2059:. Retrieved
2054:
2045:
2033:. Retrieved
2029:the original
2019:
2007:. Retrieved
1997:
1985:. Retrieved
1975:
1963:. Retrieved
1953:
1941:. Retrieved
1931:
1919:. Retrieved
1909:
1897:. Retrieved
1887:
1859:
1852:
1840:. Retrieved
1815:. Retrieved
1800:
1793:
1779:cite journal
1767:. Retrieved
1753:
1721:. Retrieved
1686:. Retrieved
1671:
1633:
1623:
1595:
1575:
1555:East Caprivi
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1422:
1417:
1413:
1411:
1402:
1399:Cape vulture
1394:
1391:barn swallow
1386:
1378:
1332:
1316:
1313:Barn swallow
1176:klipspringer
1164:hippopotamus
1152:greater kudu
1136:common eland
1053:
1033:
1029:
1019:
961:Mboma Island
957:Third Bridge
946:
945:The species
944:
928:
922:
918:
908:
905:sausage tree
867:
859:
839:
820:
818:
777:
773:sausage tree
726:
710:
703:
697:
693:
687:
683:
677:
673:
669:
665:
664:
659:
655:
651:
645:
641:
637:
631:
627:
623:
615:
614:
607:
603:
599:
595:
589:
583:
577:
567:
561:
555:
548:
547:
540:
536:
532:
528:
522:
505:forest cover
503:In Botswana
502:
491:
482:
471:opposite to
451:
412:
363:
359:
337:
314:
302:
289:Makgadikgadi
278:
261:South Africa
255:
195:
153:, is a flat
143:South Africa
136:
51:
28:wildlife of
27:
25:
15:
2786:recognition
2739:South Sudan
2629:Ivory Coast
2127:(1), 65-77.
1620:giant eland
1609:carnivorous
1601:snake eagle
1582:butterflies
1578:Lepidoptera
1457:kingfishers
1414:The Babbler
1383:amur falcon
1347:Chobe River
1096:brown hyena
1088:blue duiker
903:. Right: A
901:baobab tree
745:camel thorn
717:Chobe River
430: [
427:Mabeleapudi
374:brown hyena
356:brown hyena
129:Brown hyena
2892:Categories
2841:(Portugal)
2799:Somaliland
2719:Seychelles
2684:Mozambique
2669:Mauritania
2654:Madagascar
2609:The Gambia
2544:Cape Verde
2274:2021-05-24
1654:References
1648:red lechwe
1614:bird) and
1517:, 24 land
1481:spoonbills
1461:bee-eaters
1407:grasslands
1355:Lake Ngami
1252:wildebeest
1160:hartebeest
1116:Cape hyrax
998:Wildebeest
609:Terminalia
552:vegetation
463:, impala,
442:Bamangwato
269:carnivores
267:and large
123:Left: The
2674:Mauritius
2356:: 15–44.
2061:March 21,
1879:560526388
1616:gallinule
1612:passerine
1473:ostriches
1311:. Right:
1248:waterbuck
1216:sitatunga
1036:) is the
940:nchwachwa
935:Rubiaceae
835:Vitamin C
831:deciduous
473:Crocodile
469:Lion Park
328:herbivore
307:reserve.
265:ungulates
96:Geography
2865: /
2861: /
2854:(France)
2848: /
2826: /
2822: /
2774:Zimbabwe
2749:Tanzania
2599:Ethiopia
2594:Eswatini
2574:Djibouti
2539:Cameroon
2524:Botswana
2207:"Plants"
1760:Gaborone
1521:and two
1511:bivalves
1507:molluscs
1495:Molluscs
1469:bustards
1453:Sowa Pan
1363:Boka Dam
1339:wetlands
1236:steenbok
1112:Cape fox
1104:bushbuck
1056:aardwolf
953:Xakanaxa
899:Left: A
846:caduceus
784:Botswana
780:Setswana
771:and the
672:and the
620:Kalahari
616:Sandveld
549:Hardveld
533:sandveld
529:hardveld
525:Botswana
516:and 76%
457:Gaborone
226:elephant
64:and the
58:Nxai Pan
30:Botswana
2850:RĂ©union
2846:Mayotte
2837:Madeira
2832:(Spain)
2828:Melilla
2759:Tunisia
2729:Somalia
2714:Senegal
2699:Nigeria
2689:Namibia
2679:Morocco
2644:Liberia
2639:Lesotho
2589:Eritrea
2559:Comoros
2534:Burundi
2509:Algeria
2448:10 July
2426:4 April
2404:4 April
2331:4 April
2295:4 April
2249:4 April
2213:3 April
2170:5 April
2105:4 April
2083:4 April
2035:4 April
2009:4 April
1987:4 April
1965:4 April
1943:4 April
1921:10 July
1899:4 April
1842:4 April
1817:5 April
1769:3 April
1723:3 April
1688:3 April
1268:meerkat
1140:gemsbok
1124:caracal
1044:Mammals
1032:, syn.
910:Kigelia
850:globose
757:papyrus
713:savanna
618:of the
542:Panicum
475:Pools.
394:gemsbok
382:leopard
378:cheetah
370:giraffe
348:bushmen
320:Bakwena
285:Ntwetwe
246:cheetah
222:Basarwa
159:epithet
155:terrain
147:Namibia
43:savanna
2869:
2852:
2839:
2769:Zambia
2764:Uganda
2704:Rwanda
2659:Malawi
2619:Guinea
2514:Angola
2349:Indago
1877:
1867:
1808:
1679:
1644:hippos
1639:mopane
1519:snails
1515:snails
1465:eagles
1397:) and
1389:) and
1371:Africa
1361:; the
1353:, the
1349:; the
1307:Left:
1208:serval
1180:lechwe
1168:impala
1024:. The
749:motopi
741:acacia
737:marula
733:baobab
729:mopane
574:Mopane
419:Serowe
344:mopane
324:Khutse
210:Savuti
206:Savuti
201:Africa
151:Angola
56:, the
2824:Ceuta
2744:Sudan
2694:Niger
2649:Libya
2634:Kenya
2614:Ghana
2604:Gabon
2579:Egypt
2519:Benin
1750:(PDF)
1586:moths
1523:slugs
1477:teals
1274:Birds
1196:oribi
968:Fauna
925:mmilo
723:Trees
499:Flora
465:hyena
434:]
390:eland
238:tusks
234:ivory
187:hippo
39:fauna
35:flora
2754:Togo
2664:Mali
2554:Chad
2450:2017
2428:2011
2406:2011
2333:2011
2297:2011
2251:2011
2215:2011
2172:2011
2107:2011
2085:2011
2063:2018
2037:2011
2011:2011
1989:2011
1967:2011
1945:2011
1923:2017
1901:2011
1875:OCLC
1865:ISBN
1844:2011
1819:2011
1806:ISBN
1785:link
1771:2011
1725:2011
1690:2011
1677:ISBN
1543:and
1509:(13
1487:and
1471:and
1266:and
1240:topi
1188:lion
959:and
923:The
868:The
702:and
658:and
640:and
606:and
535:and
461:kudu
425:and
423:Paje
398:kudu
386:lion
338:The
293:Nxai
279:The
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