994:
439:
19:
351:
450:
717:
38:
27:
405:
Natural
Reserve, the Tartaruga – Natural Reserve, the Natural Park do Norte – Natural Park, the Monte Caçador e Pico Forçado – Protected Landscape; the Morro de Areia – Natural Reserve; the Curral Velho – Protected Landscape; the Monte Santo António –Natural Monument; the Ilhéu de Sal-Rei – Natural Monument; the Monte Estância – Natural Monument; and the Rocha Estância – Natural Monument.
57:, albeit in smaller numbers of species than mainland Africa. Each volcanic island within the archipelago is unique, and each of them have parks under their jurisdiction, by decree promulgated by the Cape Verde government. Located just off the west coast of Africa, the total land area of the island nation is 4,564 square kilometres (1,762 sq mi).
236:
701:
427:
363:
307:. Nine of these islands which are inhabited have mountainous areas whereas the other islands have flat topography with sandy beaches. There are trees typical of both temperate and tropical climates, depending on elevation, which have created different types of flora and fauna. Given its geographical isolation, it exhibits a unique
64:, there are no truly endemic species of mammal on Cabo Verde; historically, the archipelago was only accessible to creatures with the ability to fly or swim, or (in later years) to be brought by humans. The islands were first explored in 1456, but not actually settled until 1462; humans brought their
400:
In Maio Island protected are the Terras
Salgadas – Natural Reserve, Casas Velhas – Natural Reserve, Barareiro e Figueira – Natural Park, Lagoa Cimidor – Natural Reserve, Praia do Morro – Natural Reserve, Salinas de Porto Inglês – Protected Landscape, Monte Penoso e Monte Branco – Protected Landscape
1154:
Further, with a view to preserve the marine ecosystems and develop fisheries pragmatically the action initiated included creation of Marine reserves: Santa Luzia Island, and the Islets Raso and Branco, Boavista, Sal and Maio
Islands; and Conservation of Cape Verde Endangered Marine Species Project.
481:
type. There are trees typical of both temperate and tropical climates, depending on elevation. The flatter parts of the islands sustain semi-desert plants while the higher lands have arid shrubland. The leeward slopes tend to contain desert, with a very sparse shrub cover, mostly thorny or toxic. A
404:
Boa Vista Island has the largest number of parks and natural monuments. These are: The Boa
Esperança – Natural Reserve; the Ilhéu de Baluarte – Integrated Natural Reserve, the Ilhéu dos Pássaros – Integrated Natural Reserve, the Ilhéu de Curral Velho – Integrated Natural Reserve, the Ponta do Sol –
469:
in the 15th century, the wildlife consisted mainly of dry forests and scrub habitat, which underwent a sea change under the influence of the inhabitants of this then isolated and uninhabited group of islands. The endemic flora and fauna of the islands were disturbed and have now remained confined
319:
The Cape Verde islands are a very degraded area. Due to proximity to the Sahara, most of the Cape Verde islands are dry, but on islands with high mountains and farther away from the coast, the humidity is much higher, giving a rainforest habitat that is very degraded by the strong human presence.
396:
Sal Island has 11 protected areas namely, the
Salinas de Pedra Lume and Cagarral – Protected Landscape, the Monte Grande – Protected Landscape, the Rabo de Junco – Natural Reserve, the BaĂa da Murdeira – Natural (Marine) Reserve, the Costa da Fragata – Natural Reserve, the Serra Negra – Natural
1133:
The status of biological resources of Cape Verde, in the process of degradation, was recognized in 1996 which prompted action in 2005 with several legal instruments that were introduced by the government of Cape Verde. In spite of all the legislation, the level of degradation reported in the
417:
With a view to preserve the marine ecosystems and develop fisheries pragmatically, the action initiated included creation of Marine reserves: Santa Luzia Island, and the Islets Raso and Branco, Boavista, Sal and Maio
Islands; and Conservation of Cape Verde Endangered Marine Species Project.
1179:
banks across the world and that its fauna and flora of Cape Verde are extremely vulnerable to climate adversities with the natural regenerative conditions considered as poor, INIDA has established "a collection of biological resources for ex situ conservation as a means of backing
1589:
Mateo, J. A., Barone, R., Hernández-Acosta, C. N., & López-Jurado, L. F. (2020) La muerte anunciada de dos gigantes macaronésicos: el gran escinco caboverdiano, Chioninia coctei (Duméril & Bibron, 1839) y el lagarto de Salmor, Gallotia simonyi (Steindachner, 1889).
1138:
was "26% for angiosperms, over 40% of bryophytes, over 65% of pteridophytes and over 29% of lichens are threatened; furthermore, over 47% of birds, 25% of terrestrial reptiles, 64% of coleopterous, over 57% of arachnids and over 59% of terrestrial mollusks." The number of
320:
Northeastern slopes of high mountains often receive a lot of rain while
Southwest slopes are much drier. This umbria areas are identified with cool and moisture. Some islands, as Santiago with steep mountains, are covered with vegetation where the dense
633:
The island has five mammals out of which three are threatened, 75 species of birds including 2 threatened species, 19 reptiles, 132 varieties of fish species including one threatened species. However, the islands do not have snakes and large mammals.
1163:
Institutions and organizations involved with the preservation and conservation of the biodiversity of Cape Verde are: The
Directorate General of Agriculture, Forest and Livestock Production, the Institute for the Development of Fisheries (INDP), the
684:, the descendants of domestic goats introduced by the Portuguese. Rodent populations were introduced by the Portuguese from early ships which visited the islands. Monkeys are also present in Cape Verde, hailing from the African continent. The
397:
Reserve, the
Buracona-Ragona – Protected Landscape, the Salinas de Santa Maria – Protected Landscape, the Morrinho do Filho –Natural Monument, the Ponta do Sino – Natural Reserve, the Morrinho do Açucar – Natural Monument.
315:
with no sources of surface fresh water and geographic remoteness are the reasons for the islands limited wildlife diversity. As of 2003, there were 48 protected areas covering 0.3% of the islands land mass.
384:
In Santo Antão Island the protected areas are Moroços – Natural Park, Cova/Ribeira Paúl/Torre – Natural Park, Cruzinha – Natural
Reserve, Pombas – Protected Landscape and Tope de Coroa – Natural Park.
1125:
during the 19th century and, although the total North Atlantic population of humpbacks had rebounded to more than 10,000 individuals by 1993, the Cape Verde population remained uncertain as of 2009.
465:
Historically, Cape Verde was probably not rich with greenery, although the evidence of the situation in earlier times is severely lacking. When Cape Verde was first discovered and colonized by the
1121:) of the Northern Hemisphere. Humpback whales migrate annually from the North Sea to winter around Cape Verde from January to mid-May. The humpback whale population became limited due to severe
2236:
1117:
Eighteen species of whales and dolphins have been recorded in the waters of the Cape Verde archipelago. The area is cited as one of two known breeding grounds for the humpback whale (
1184:
of species threatened in some way, as they may be introduced in the wild as needs be, in sites where they are best adapted, through a finely tuned reintroduction program."
2241:
2064:
1834:
1011:
are also found extensively in Cape Verde, considered as one of the "world's ten most important coral reefs". There is a large number of endemic marine gastropods (
2315:
1691:"Seasonality of humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski, 1781) records in Cape Verde seas: eviden ce for the occurrence of stocks from both hemispheres?"
1003:
The tropical marine environment of the Cape Verde islands of Boavista, Sal and Maio is reported to have a high diversity of sea life. Boavista is part of the
489:
There are 664 listed plant species, which include two threatened species. Over 80 vascular plant taxa are reported to be endemic to Cape Verde; these include
1756:
2180:
1979:
2601:
2193:
1485:
2214:
1819:
2388:
745:
on the islands. 130 migrant birds are reported to visit the islands, out of which over 40 nest there. The seabirds which breed on the island are:
343:
from the sea or ocean, is precipitated by the action of the relief. The terrain forces up wet and warm air masses, which cool and decreases the
2268:
2263:
2398:
1839:
1464:
1377:
376:
1654:"Recent data on whales and dolphins (Mammalia: Cetacea) from the Cape Verde Islands, including records of four taxa new to the ar chipelago"
162:
with abundant marine life. The islands are key migration points and breeding locations for numerous birds, plus the 20 different species of
347:, causing moisture to condense and fall as rain or fog. This creates a habitat that is cool, saturating air and soil with moisture.
408:
The Santiago Island has two preserved areas in the Serra da Malagueta – Natural Park and the Serra Pico de Antónia – Natural Park.
41:
Santiago island. The wetter climate of the interior and the eastern coast contrasts with the dryer one in the south/southwest coast
2452:
2393:
1749:
1553:
Rando, Juan C.; Alcover, Josep A.; Pieper, Harald; Olson, Storrs L.; Hernández, C. Nayra; López-Jurado, L. Felipe (April 2020).
196:
In the process of development, many lands in the islands were converted to agricultural fields and several hundred varieties of
2429:
2356:
2320:
2300:
2173:
204:
to improve the wildlife of Cape Verde, with reported planting of three million new trees every year (about 7000 per day), with
2447:
2383:
2090:
1653:
1135:
2570:
2540:
2373:
2310:
2283:
1854:
643:
200:
and tree species were introduced, resulting in depletion of the original vegetation. However, efforts are now underway at
1528:
2636:
2631:
2278:
2137:
2133:
1431:
1043:
185:
Some of the wildlife species of Cape Verde are considered as endemic, evolving over millions of years of isolation; the
993:
2305:
1742:
732:
171:
1690:
808:
reported on the islands are 15 species including 12 endemic species, such as the now extinct Cape Verde giant skink (
2530:
2467:
2361:
2231:
2219:
2166:
2146:
1532:
1031:
618:
280:
272:
268:
2424:
2378:
2366:
1894:
874:
2493:
2129:
2004:
1994:
1799:
1165:
1027:
766:
656:). Bat species on the islands account for about 20% of all mammals. Of particular note are those of the family
2535:
2503:
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2351:
2273:
2251:
2009:
1899:
1829:
1103:
955:
750:
276:
2575:
2550:
2339:
2120:
2069:
1989:
1954:
1939:
1924:
1879:
1492:
1095:
1004:
557:
533:
521:
186:
2116:
2098:
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2513:
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2209:
2201:
1944:
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1071:
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155:
144:
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669:
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2019:
1869:
1864:
1844:
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1181:
1079:
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569:
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with endemic plant and vertebrate species, particularly birds and reptiles. It is also inferred that
296:
224:
31:
2610:
2565:
2560:
2520:
2498:
2439:
2107:
2029:
1999:
1984:
1969:
1959:
1949:
1914:
1909:
1859:
1804:
1779:
988:
810:
649:
545:
503:
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present on the archipelago, which has allowed for the proliferation of many other species of other
605:
and locally called simply "acácia"). As a result of extensive tree planting since 1975, there are
438:
2545:
2288:
2039:
2034:
1974:
1929:
1889:
1784:
1765:
539:
515:
264:
449:
99:, cats, dogs, mice, rats and rabbits) would make their way with waves of settlers. There are no
18:
393:
São Nicolau Island has Monte Gordo Natural Park and Monte do Alto das Cabaças Natural Reserve.
2293:
2014:
1964:
1919:
1904:
1884:
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1789:
1705:
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929:
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304:
260:
1369:
381:
The protected areas declared under the Official Gazette of Cape Verde, in February 2003 are:
182:
come to lay their eggs on secluded beaches, likely the same ones they themselves hatched on.
2024:
1934:
1824:
1570:
1087:
997:
967:
949:
786:
782:
685:
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657:
509:
300:
292:
259:
in origin. Cape Verde is divided into two areas: the southern leeward islands known as the
243:
The Cape Verde archipelago, a cluster of 10 islands and three islets located in the eastern
197:
179:
148:
136:
124:
120:
1630:
1269:
1047:
879:
561:(wallflower). Several trees are indigenous such as the blue-green flat-topped dragon tree
527:
390:
Branco and Raso Islets – Integrated Reserve is the natural reserve in Santa Luzia Island.
350:
284:
213:
140:
746:
220:
as the prominent varieties being planted. Cape Verde is also one of the world's top ten
1039:
738:
614:
563:
244:
175:
1605:
1175:
Noting that the exclusive biological species of Cape Verde are not represented in any
885:. It has a reported 15 endemic genera and 369 endemic species of insects. Of note are
716:
2625:
2508:
1362:
1059:
815:
742:
588:
328:
201:
143:. This kite species is currently threatened by extinction but may yet be observed on
116:
96:
1141:
868:
847:
832:
770:
721:
332:
312:
1322:
1232:
95:
In the centuries since settlement began, more mainland species (such as the green
26:
1454:
1575:
1554:
1193:
1122:
1008:
483:
252:
193:) survived here on insects in the absence of water in the lands of the islands.
167:
104:
50:
37:
2189:
1726:
1035:
923:
887:
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677:
622:
491:
221:
159:
112:
1709:
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1055:
1051:
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935:
838:
819:
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705:
344:
308:
163:
65:
1168:'s National Institute of Agricultural Research and Development (INIDA) and
1070:
to breed from May to October. The most prominent species is the endangered
411:
The Fogo Island has Bordeira, ChĂŁ das Caldeiras e Pico Novo Natural Park.
1067:
1023:
1016:
882:
851:
794:
737:
Cape Verde has many species of endemic birds, which are observed by keen
592:
470:
mostly in the mountain peaks, steep slopes and other inaccessible areas.
466:
340:
336:
321:
256:
108:
89:
30:
The Serra Malagueta mountain range in the northern part of the island of
1169:
944:
805:
474:
248:
235:
128:
69:
2158:
700:
426:
1734:
1063:
961:
917:
911:
905:
899:
893:
863:
827:
478:
442:
217:
132:
100:
77:
54:
362:
1559:) in oceanic islands provided by the fossil record of Macaronesia"
992:
715:
699:
448:
437:
425:
361:
349:
234:
81:
36:
25:
17:
1409:
486:
plants grow in the brackish subsoil of Maio, Sal, and Boa Vista.
107:, such as geckos, frogs and lizards. The main predators of these
1111:
606:
205:
85:
73:
61:
2162:
1738:
854:
was reportedly present on SĂŁo Vicente before human settlement.
247:
at a distance of 560 kilometres (350 mi) off the coast of
610:
209:
324:
condenses and soaks the plants, rocks, soil, logs, moss etc.
1114:
report, however turtle conservation measures began in 2008.
781:
is sometimes considered a full species. Also common are the
84:—many of the latter are now so wild, they resemble mainland
1555:"Unforeseen diversity of quails (Galliformes: Phasianidae:
1456:
Neunte Beitrag zur Fauna und Flora der Kapverdischen Inseln
178:—which come to feed and mate in the rich waters. Female
154:
The flora consists of tropical dry forests, scrub land,
625:
on the heights of Fogo, and forests of acacia on Maio.
387:
São Vicente Island has the Monte Verde – Natural Park.
648:
The only indigenous mammal found in the island is the
1328:. cbd.int/doc/world. pp. 3–6, 14, 59, 83–84, 98
2480:
2411:
2338:
2250:
2200:
2078:
2053:
1772:
1110:). Hunting of sea turtles remains prevalent per an
1361:
777:is a breeding endemic. The endemic and endangered
1459:. Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft.
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1151:(perna-longa) has still shown a declining trend.
943:There also are endemic marine species, including
862:Cape Verde has a reported 58 endemic species of
1486:"Biodiversity and Protected Areas – Cape Verde"
401:and Monte Santo António – Protected Landscape.
1684:
1682:
473:Vegetation in the islands is basically of the
2174:
1750:
1491:. Earthtrends countryprofiles. Archived from
1360:Aisling Irwin; Colum Wilson (25 March 2009).
414:The Rombo Islets have an Integrated Reserve.
8:
1689:Hazevoet, Cornelius J.; et al. (2011).
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1434:. Instruction to kid pages: henry.k12.ga.us/
789:. There is also an extinct species of quail
1652:Hazevoet, Cornelis J.; et al. (2010).
1606:"A Catalogue of the Lygaeidae of the World"
2486:
2417:
2344:
2256:
2181:
2167:
2159:
1757:
1743:
1735:
676:) in addition to the grey long-eared bat.
115:would be (besides each other) the various
1574:
1563:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
845:An extinct undescribed species of small
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1205:
354:The sand desert Viana on the island of
299:(the largest with an area of 991 km2),
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1086:) which is critically endangered; the
263:and the windward islands known as the
1480:
1478:
1476:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
377:List of protected areas in Cape Verde
7:
303:(with the only active volcano), and
88:, and are (more or less) considered
1078:). Other species of turtle are the
773:) are also endemic here, while the
119:and raptors present, including the
1529:"Cape Verde:Plant and animal life"
434:), an endemic plant of Fogo Island
14:
583:), in the lagoons and deserts of
2065:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1835:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1604:Slater, James Alexander (1964).
1368:. Bradt Travel Guides. pp.
1233:"Cape Verde Islands dry forests"
1633:. Listofcountriesoftheworld.com
1019:) on the coasts of Cape Verde.
291:, and the Sotavento Islands of
1145:(calhandra-do-Ilhéu-Raso) and
1136:Red List of Threatened Species
826:) on Raso and Branco islands,
1:
644:List of mammals of Cape Verde
1022:Marine species reported are
692:) has also been introduced.
1412:. Living National Treasures
1323:"Third report (Cape Verde)"
939:, a true bug in the family
733:List of birds of Cape Verde
358:, surrounded by rock desert
2653:
2220:Capture of Santiago (1585)
1194:Overfishing in West Africa
1032:long-beaked common dolphin
986:
757:. Four species of birds, (
730:
641:
458:
374:
2588:
2489:
2420:
2347:
2259:
1592:Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp.
1576:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz107
1129:Threats and legal redress
1044:Blainville's beaked whale
875:Hottentotta caboverdensis
53:of ten islands and three
2316:Villages and settlements
2264:Administrative divisions
1820:Central African Republic
1272:. Birdlife International
1166:University of Cape Verde
1028:Atlantic spotted dolphin
973:Cape Verde spiny lobster
888:Ceylalictus capverdensis
767:Cape Verde swamp-warbler
2504:Cape Verdean Portuguese
1631:"Animals in Cape Verde"
1594:Vol. 31 (2), pgs. 3-30.
1533:Encyclopædia Britannica
1104:olive ridley sea turtle
956:Nassarius caboverdensis
918:Chiasmognathus batelkai
869:Wesolowskana lymphatica
797:of SĂŁo Vicente Island.
751:magnificent frigatebird
1453:Wolfram Lobin (1993).
1237:Terrestrial Ecoregions
1119:Megaptera novaeangliae
1096:leatherback sea turtle
1084:Eretmochelys imbricate
1000:
872:(jumping spider), and
728:
713:
558:Erysimum caboverdeanum
534:Lavandula rotundifolia
522:Sideroxylon marginatum
456:
446:
435:
367:
359:
335:that has developed on
240:
187:grey-headed kingfisher
60:With the exception of
47:wildlife of Cape Verde
42:
34:
23:
22:Location of Cape Verde
1980:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1840:Republic of the Congo
1698:Zoologia Caboverdiana
1661:Zoologia Caboverdiana
1239:. World Wildlife Fund
1148:Himantopus himantopus
1108:Lepidochelys olivacea
1072:loggerhead sea turtle
996:
977:Palinurus charlestoni
936:Serranegra petrophila
933:(geometrid moth) and
842:geckos (11 species).
775:Cape Verde shearwater
755:red-billed tropicbird
719:
703:
617:on the cool peaks of
452:
441:
429:
365:
353:
238:
225:biodiversity hotspots
156:Mediterranean-climate
68:with them, including
40:
29:
21:
1727:"Aves de Cabo Verde"
1270:"Cape Verde Islands"
1182:in-situ conservation
1170:Project Biodiversity
1100:Dermochelys coriacea
1080:hawksbill sea turtle
1005:Macaronesia Wetlands
912:Thyreus aistleitneri
830:skinks (6 species),
801:Terrestrial reptiles
570:Tamarix senegalensis
191:Halcyon leucocephala
158:mountains, and rich
49:is found across its
2637:Wildlife by country
2632:Biota of Cape Verde
2499:Cape Verdean Creole
2055:States with limited
1766:Wildlife of Africa
1066:migrate across the
989:African coral reefs
811:Macroscincus coctei
704:Male colour-ringed
690:Galerella sanguinea
674:Pipistrellus kuhlii
654:Plecotus austriacus
650:grey long-eared bat
601:(formerly known as
546:Euphorbia tuckeyana
504:Campanula bravensis
461:Flora of Cape Verde
454:Grey long-eared bat
366:Boa Vista landscape
172:bottlenose dolphins
2453:Telecommunications
1498:on 27 October 2004
1364:Cape Verde Islands
1001:
924:Monomorium boltoni
791:Coturnix centensis
729:
714:
670:Kuhl's pipistrelle
662:Savi's pipistrelle
540:Cynanchum daltonii
516:Artemisia gorgonum
457:
447:
436:
432:Artemisia gorgonum
368:
360:
339:, where the dense
265:Barlavento Islands
241:
43:
35:
24:
2619:
2618:
2584:
2583:
2476:
2475:
2407:
2406:
2389:Political parties
2384:National Assembly
2357:Foreign relations
2334:
2333:
2156:
2155:
2082:other territories
1855:Equatorial Guinea
1466:978-3-924500-98-6
1379:978-1-84162-276-7
965:, the cone shell
930:Scopula paneliusi
759:Alexander's swift
598:Faidherbia albida
591:and a species of
576:Phoenix atlantica
498:Aeonium gorgoneum
261:Sotavento Islands
239:Map of Cape Verde
180:green sea turtles
2644:
2604:
2597:
2487:
2443:
2418:
2345:
2257:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2160:
2143:
2142:(United Kingdom)
2138:Tristan da Cunha
2134:Ascension Island
2126:
2113:
2104:
2080:Dependencies and
1773:Sovereign states
1759:
1752:
1745:
1736:
1731:
1714:
1713:
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1677:
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968:Conus josephinae
950:Favartia burnayi
906:Thyreus schwarzi
900:Thyreus batelkai
836:(3 species) and
787:Egyptian vulture
783:greater flamingo
686:slender mongoose
658:Vespertilionidae
552:Polycarpaea gayi
510:Nauplius smithii
198:herbaceous plant
137:peregrine falcon
125:Eurasian buzzard
121:Egyptian vulture
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1076:Caretta caretta
1048:common porpoise
1024:bridled dolphin
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894:Thyreus denolii
880:parthenogenetic
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615:sweet chestnuts
528:Lotus jacobaeus
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371:Protected areas
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176:humpback whales
141:Cape Verde kite
139:, and the rare
92:“by default”.
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1092:Chelonia mydas
1060:marine turtles
1040:humpback whale
984:
981:
962:Prunum sauliae
921:(cuckoo bee),
915:(cuckoo bee),
909:(cuckoo bee),
903:(cuckoo bee),
897:(cuckoo bee),
859:
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779:Bourne's heron
739:ornithologists
731:Main article:
697:
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642:Main article:
639:
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627:
564:Dracaena draco
507:(bellflower),
459:Main article:
423:
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375:Main article:
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267:in the north;
245:Atlantic Ocean
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2531:Demographics
2448:Stock market
2362:Human rights
2325:
2232:World War II
2210:Colonial era
2130:Saint Helena
2101:
2005:South Africa
1995:Sierra Leone
1814:
1800:Burkina Faso
1704:(2): 25–29.
1701:
1697:
1667:(2): 75–99.
1664:
1660:
1647:
1635:. Retrieved
1625:
1613:. Retrieved
1610:Geocities.ws
1609:
1599:
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1556:
1548:
1536:. Retrieved
1500:. Retrieved
1493:the original
1455:
1448:
1436:. Retrieved
1426:
1414:. Retrieved
1410:"Cape Verde"
1383:. Retrieved
1363:
1330:. Retrieved
1274:. Retrieved
1241:. Retrieved
1236:
1174:
1162:
1153:
1146:
1142:Alauda razae
1140:
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866:, including
861:
848:Centrochelys
846:
844:
837:
833:Hemidactylus
831:
823:
809:
804:
790:
771:Iago sparrow
747:Fea's petrel
736:
722:Iago sparrow
710:Alauda razae
709:
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333:cloud forest
326:
318:
313:arid climate
242:
195:
190:
184:
168:pilot whales
153:
94:
59:
46:
44:
15:
2425:Agriculture
2057:recognition
2010:South Sudan
1900:Ivory Coast
1123:overfishing
1009:Coral reefs
983:Marine life
820:giant gecko
678:Feral goats
619:Santo Antao
484:xerophilous
281:SĂŁo Nicolau
277:Santa Luzia
273:SĂŁo Vicente
269:Santo AntĂŁo
253:West Africa
166:—including
160:coral reefs
51:archipelago
2626:Categories
2494:Basketball
2442:(currency)
2289:Barlavento
2190:Cape Verde
2112:(Portugal)
2070:Somaliland
1990:Seychelles
1955:Mozambique
1940:Mauritania
1925:Madagascar
1880:The Gambia
1815:Cape Verde
1432:"Location"
1200:References
1056:moray eels
1036:blue whale
1013:sea snails
987:See also:
816:Ilhéu Raso
726:Sal Island
623:eucalyptus
492:Tornabenea
482:number of
467:Portuguese
222:coral reef
113:amphibians
105:herpetiles
2536:Education
2463:Transport
2430:Companies
2394:President
2352:Elections
2321:Volcanoes
2301:Mountains
2294:Sotavento
2252:Geography
2215:governors
1945:Mauritius
1710:2074-5737
1673:2074-5737
1615:26 August
1177:germplasm
1052:barracuda
1017:sea slugs
941:Lygaeidae
839:Tarentola
793:from the
763:Raso lark
706:Raso lark
581:tamareira
356:Boa Vista
345:dew point
337:mountains
309:ecoregion
289:Boa Vista
231:Geography
164:cetaceans
145:Boa Vista
66:livestock
2611:Category
2576:Religion
2551:Football
2379:Military
2340:Politics
2326:Wildlife
2194:articles
2136: /
2132: /
2125:(France)
2119: /
2097: /
2093: /
2045:Zimbabwe
2020:Tanzania
1870:Ethiopia
1865:Eswatini
1845:Djibouti
1810:Cameroon
1795:Botswana
1557:Coturnix
1188:See also
1068:Atlantic
971:and the
947:such as
945:molluscs
883:scorpion
852:tortoise
795:Holocene
785:and the
769:and the
593:fig tree
585:Boavista
475:savannah
341:moisture
322:moisture
297:Santiago
257:volcanic
109:reptiles
32:Santiago
2595:Outline
2526:Cuisine
2482:Culture
2458:Tourism
2440:Escudo
2413:Economy
2311:Streams
2284:Islands
2274:Climate
2227:Famines
2202:History
2121:RĂ©union
2117:Mayotte
2108:Madeira
2103:(Spain)
2099:Melilla
2030:Tunisia
2000:Somalia
1985:Senegal
1970:Nigeria
1960:Namibia
1950:Morocco
1915:Liberia
1910:Lesotho
1860:Eritrea
1830:Comoros
1805:Burundi
1780:Algeria
1637:3 April
1538:3 April
1502:3 April
1438:3 April
1416:3 April
1385:3 April
1332:3 April
1276:3 April
1243:3 April
1064:Turtles
927:(ant),
891:(bee),
806:Lizards
638:Mammals
609:trees,
430:Losma (
249:Senegal
129:kestrel
90:endemic
70:donkeys
2556:Health
2541:Emblem
2468:Unions
2435:Energy
2269:Cities
2192:
2140:
2123:
2110:
2040:Zambia
2035:Uganda
1975:Rwanda
1930:Malawi
1890:Guinea
1785:Angola
1708:
1671:
1463:
1376:
1102:) and
864:spider
828:Mabuya
765:, the
761:, the
668:) and
587:, the
479:steppe
443:Acacia
287:, and
255:, are
218:acacia
174:, and
133:osprey
101:snakes
78:cattle
55:islets
2602:Index
2566:Music
2561:Media
2521:Crime
2306:Ports
2242:PAICV
2237:PAIGC
2095:Ceuta
2015:Sudan
1965:Niger
1920:Libya
1905:Kenya
1885:Ghana
1875:Gabon
1850:Egypt
1790:Benin
1694:(PDF)
1657:(PDF)
1496:(PDF)
1489:(PDF)
1372:–41.
1326:(PDF)
814:) on
720:Male
696:Birds
629:Fauna
422:Flora
305:Brava
82:goats
2546:Flag
2514:list
2367:LGBT
2025:Togo
1935:Mali
1825:Chad
1706:ISSN
1669:ISSN
1639:2011
1617:2017
1540:2011
1504:2011
1461:ISBN
1440:2011
1418:2011
1387:2011
1374:ISBN
1334:2011
1278:2011
1245:2011
1112:UNEP
1058:and
1054:'s,
1015:and
878:, a
753:and
741:and
682:Fogo
613:and
611:oaks
607:pine
595:and
555:and
445:tree
327:The
301:Fogo
293:Maio
216:and
206:pine
149:Maio
147:and
111:and
86:ibex
80:and
74:pigs
62:bats
45:The
1571:doi
1567:188
979:).
724:at
477:or
285:Sal
251:in
210:oak
2628::
1700:.
1696:.
1681:^
1663:.
1659:.
1608:.
1565:.
1561:.
1531:.
1512:^
1475:^
1395:^
1370:38
1342:^
1286:^
1253:^
1235:.
1208:^
1172:.
1050:,
1046:,
1042:,
1038:,
1034:,
1030:,
1026:,
1007:.
959:,
953:,
818:,
749:,
660::
621:,
573:,
567:,
549:,
543:,
537:,
531:,
525:,
513:,
501:,
495:,
295:,
283:,
279:,
275:,
271:,
227:.
212:,
208:,
170:,
151:.
135:,
131:,
127:,
123:,
76:,
72:,
2182:e
2175:t
2168:v
1758:e
1751:t
1744:v
1712:.
1702:1
1675:.
1665:1
1641:.
1619:.
1579:.
1573::
1542:.
1506:.
1469:.
1442:.
1420:.
1389:.
1336:.
1280:.
1247:.
1106:(
1098:(
1090:(
1082:(
1074:(
975:(
822:(
712:)
708:(
688:(
672:(
664:(
652:(
579:(
189:(
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