209:
was only 10 miles behind. Toldi's convoy tried to enter neutral
Switzerland 10 days later, but were refused entry. Toldi then paid Höttl 10% of his convoy's goods (4 cases of gold) in return for German passports and Swiss visas for all of his family. Toldi and his family then successfully entered
200:
As the residual Nazi German empire collapsed in 1945, with Höttl's position allowing him official access to German passports and official entry visa's to
Switzerland, he leveraged the position for his own gain. Those who paid Höttl were Hungarian SS officer Árpád Toldi, who was in charge of the
238:
Approximately 4,000,000 Jews had been killed in the various concentration camps, while an additional 2,000,000 met death in other ways, the major part of whom were shot by operational squads of the
Security Police during the campaign against
222:. He was then taken to Germany, where he was confined until October 1947 when he was transferred to Austria and confined in Lager Klessheim, Salzburg. During this time Höttl figured prominently as a prosecution witness at the
713:
1981:
2216:
2008:
284:(Welsermühl Verlag, Wels 1955), a historical report on the biggest currency counterfeit operation in history (the Germans had printed millions of British pounds). Under his own name he later published
1643:
2211:
2033:
1678:
139:
1809:
685:
791:
1394:
143:
2206:
2013:
291:
Höttl received a cross of merit for his work as a historian and as a school director, despite the protest of surviving Nazi victims. Höttl died 27 June 1999 in
372:
796:
708:
1712:
1536:
264:. Höttl was described by the CIC as "an excellent source for ideas, both concrete and theoretical, on the expansion of American Intelligence in Austria."
2201:
1673:
600:
896:
1747:
1196:
2196:
2095:
1616:
1344:
739:
690:
508:
210:
Switzerland, but he was later detained in
Austria that year, interrogated by Allied authorities, but released and has never been traced again.
920:
2171:
458:
444:
1300:
718:
558:
2105:
1938:
1583:
1046:
786:
338:
130:(major). In October 1941, disciplinary proceedings were initiated against Höttl for alleged official misconduct. The head of the RSHA,
2186:
2176:
1134:
477:
85:
While still a student, he joined the Nazi Party (member no. 6309616) and the SS (member no. 309510). From late 1939 until the end of
915:
660:
419:
930:
866:
205:. Toldi and his family left the train with a large amount of gold on 30 March 1945, as the train crossed into Austria - the Soviet
1701:
1158:
935:
876:
851:
640:
568:
390:"The trial of German major war criminals : proceedings of the International Military Tribunal sitting at Nuremberg Germany"
2191:
779:
774:
1596:
1409:
871:
218:
In March 1945, Höttl contacted OSS authorities in
Switzerland and in May 1945 surrendered himself to American authorities in
113:
1571:
2068:
1908:
1071:
978:
925:
906:
886:
856:
749:
234:
in August 1944 during the closing months of the war. The meeting of the two men took place at Höttl's office in
Budapest:
1933:
1566:
1496:
1124:
993:
968:
846:
2181:
2115:
2100:
2001:
1847:
1771:
983:
940:
901:
801:
635:
501:
1093:
89:
in Europe, Höttl was employed almost without interruption by
Germany's central intelligence and security agency, the
1973:
1852:
1822:
1741:
1658:
1491:
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1027:
988:
945:
881:
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630:
257:
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55:
1611:
1426:
973:
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861:
723:
575:
563:
550:
91:
2090:
2045:
1591:
910:
891:
838:
822:
769:
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607:
590:
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545:
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535:
1516:
1371:
2083:
2073:
1799:
1353:
1150:
1081:
759:
744:
670:
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645:
625:
595:
585:
261:
1305:
1794:
1561:
1040:
618:
612:
494:
2028:
1653:
1606:
1270:
1021:
282:
Unternehmen
Bernhard. Ein historischer Tatsachenbericht über die größte Geldfälscheraktion aller Zeiten
2166:
2161:
1991:
1928:
1857:
1511:
1295:
1186:
1164:
1059:
1054:
1035:
202:
79:
1214:
2078:
1986:
1832:
1419:
1204:
95:(RSHA; Reich Security Main Office). The RSHA was made up of seven main departments, including: the
256:
operations, namely "MOUNT VERNON" and "MONTGOMERY". His task was to conduct espionage against the
1458:
1453:
960:
182:
103:
170:
126:
36:
248:
Höttl was released from confinement in
December 1947. In March 1948 he got in contact with the
2063:
1923:
1754:
1668:
1635:
1549:
1366:
1332:
473:
454:
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161:
151:
131:
97:
51:
42:
46:(Security Service; SD), and by 1944 was acting head of Intelligence and Counter Espionage in
2040:
2018:
1837:
1827:
1556:
1544:
1526:
1463:
1209:
1171:
223:
174:
2110:
1950:
1943:
1760:
1663:
1521:
1501:
1414:
1250:
75:
78:, 19 March 1915. In 1938, at the age of 23, he received a doctorate in history from the
2023:
1918:
1817:
1788:
1480:
1444:
1404:
1399:
1224:
1109:
1016:
276:
and served as its director until 1980. Under the name Walter Hagen he wrote the books
231:
157:
47:
435:
2155:
1913:
1842:
1733:
1601:
1431:
1388:
1234:
1219:
517:
31:
230:
dated 25 November 1945, the 30-year-old Höttl described a conversation he held with
2125:
1275:
1260:
1255:
1229:
1182:
1114:
1076:
826:
86:
189:
from
Hungary. During his stay in Budapest he was in contact with the Americans in
185:, who reported to Berlin, for example, on the large-scale deportations in 1944 of
120:
Höttl was first stationed in Vienna with the SD foreign bureau and then moved to
2131:
1648:
1265:
1119:
194:
181:. In addition, Höttl served as political advisor to Hitler's ambassador there,
2120:
1955:
1728:
1506:
389:
273:
219:
59:
27:
1960:
1766:
292:
253:
227:
135:
1621:
1486:
1286:
206:
165:
178:
108:
24:
1996:
339:"Wilhelm Höttl: Ein SS-Agent als späterer US-Spion und Schuldirektor"
121:
71:
286:
Einsatz für das Reich. Im Auslandsgeheimdienst des Dritten Reiches,
1361:
426:
Einsatz für das Reich. Im Auslandsgeheimdienst des Dritten Reiches
54:. After the war ended, he was recruited by the United States Army
486:
190:
186:
1878:
1699:
1330:
820:
490:
373:"FOIA-document: New Project "MOUNT VERNON" (undated) p.5"
2217:
World War II prisoners of war held by the United States
428:, Siegfried Bublies, Koblenz 1997 (ISBN 3-926584-41-6).
288:(Siegfried Bublies, Koblenz 1997, ISBN 3-926584-41-6).
156:
s acting head of Intelligence and Counter Espionage in
441:
The Secret History of the Author of the Secret Front
2056:
1972:
1901:
1808:
1780:
1721:
1634:
1582:
1535:
1472:
1442:
1380:
1352:
1343:
1284:
1243:
1195:
1181:
1143:
1102:
1002:
959:
837:
732:
701:
528:
2212:People of the United States intelligence agencies
1654:Civilians targeted during anti-partisan warfare
367:
365:
363:
361:
359:
2014:Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law
502:
252:and became subsequently control chief of two
8:
1713:List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust
214:Prosecution witness at the Nuremberg trials
62:and authored three books. He died in 1999.
1898:
1875:
1718:
1696:
1349:
1340:
1327:
1192:
834:
817:
525:
509:
495:
487:
168:, where he served as second in command to
107:(SiPo; Security Police), composed of the
124:where he was promoted to the rank of SS-
304:
58:(CIC). Later, Höttl opened a school in
23:(19 March 1915 – 27 June 1999) was an
7:
2207:Reich Security Main Office personnel
1301:Reich Association of Jews in Germany
2106:Armenian genocide and the Holocaust
326:Army of Evil: A History of the SS
144:7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division
34:member who rose to the rank of SS-
14:
2202:Holocaust perpetrators in Hungary
470:Army of Evil: A History of the SS
272:In 1952 Höttl opened a school in
1669:Polish leaders and intellectuals
1159:Concentration Camps Inspectorate
262:Soviet-occupied part of Austria
2197:Military personnel from Vienna
1597:Attack on the twentieth convoy
1410:1941 pogroms in eastern Poland
472:. New York: Caliber Printing.
164:. In March he was assigned to
134:, ordered his transfer to the
111:(Secret State Police) and the
1:
260:and Soviet activities in the
244:Work for US Army intelligence
2172:Austrian Waffen-SS personnel
1934:Jewish war conspiracy theory
1125:Extermination through labour
101:(SD; Security Service); the
2116:Righteous Among the Nations
802:Righteous Among the Nations
432:The Trial of Adolf Eichmann
2233:
1853:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
1823:Lithuanian Security Police
1742:Reich Security Main Office
709:Evidence and documentation
258:Communist Party of Austria
117:(Kripo; Criminal Police).
56:Counter Intelligence Corps
2177:Austrian prisoners of war
2069:Books and other resources
1897:
1874:
1708:
1695:
1339:
1326:
833:
816:
601:Bulgarian-occupied Greece
524:
280:(Enigma Books, 1954) and
149:In 1944 Höttl became the
92:Reichssicherheitshauptamt
1659:People with disabilities
1592:Aid and Rescue Committee
177:'s SS representative in
1800:Order Police battalions
2192:Planning the Holocaust
2187:SS-Obersturmbannführer
1649:Soviet urban residents
740:International response
714:Contemporary knowledge
468:Weale, Adrian (2012).
434:, Vol 4, Session, 88.
414:, Enigma Books, 1954,
241:
140:1st SS Panzer Division
2096:Memorials and museums
2034:Reparations Agreement
2029:Holocaust restitution
1607:Le Chambon-sur-Lignon
1130:Human experimentation
969:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
449:McNab, Chris (2009).
443:, Online publication.
236:
1296:Jewish Ghetto Police
1165:Politische Abteilung
1060:Risiera di San Sabba
921:Natzweiler-Struthof
345:(in Austrian German)
295:, Austria, aged 84.
203:Hungarian Gold Train
80:University of Vienna
2074:Days of remembrance
1987:Holocaust survivors
1982:Depopulated shtetls
1833:Rollkommando Hamann
1679:Jehovah's Witnesses
1497:Kamianets-Podilskyi
559:Bohemia and Moravia
453:. Amber Books Ltd.
394:avalon.law.yale.edu
40:. He served in the
2182:Cold War CIA spies
2057:History and memory
1961:Forced euthanasia
1909:Nazi racial policy
1612:Danish underground
1459:Operation Reinhard
1454:Wannsee Conference
183:Edmund Veesenmayer
142:, and then to the
104:Sicherheitspolizei
70:Höttl was born in
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2140:
1992:Sh'erit ha-Pletah
1939:Jewish emigration
1929:Hitler's prophecy
1924:Haavara Agreement
1870:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1858:Ypatingasis būrys
1755:Sicherheitsdienst
1691:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1630:
1629:
1550:Bielski partisans
1322:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1153:Totenkopfverbände
812:
811:
460:978-1-906626-49-5
451:The SS: 1923–1945
313:The SS: 1923–1945
162:South East Europe
132:Reinhard Heydrich
98:Sicherheitsdienst
52:South East Europe
43:Sicherheitsdienst
2224:
2041:Holocaust denial
2019:Nuremberg trials
2009:Postwar violence
1964:
1899:
1876:
1838:Special Brigades
1828:Nederlandsche SS
1795:Police Regiments
1719:
1697:
1557:Ghetto uprisings
1545:Jewish partisans
1492:Harvest Festival
1464:Holocaust trains
1350:
1341:
1328:
1193:
1089:
1067:
1049:
1030:
1012:
835:
818:
526:
511:
504:
497:
488:
483:
464:
424:Höttl, Wilhelm.
412:The Secret Front
410:Höttl, Wilhelm.
398:
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386:
380:
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354:
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278:The Secret Front
224:Nuremberg trials
175:Heinrich Himmler
2232:
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2227:
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2152:
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2137:
2052:
1968:
1962:
1951:Madagascar Plan
1944:Kindertransport
1893:
1892:
1862:
1804:
1776:
1761:Ordnungspolizei
1717:
1704:
1683:
1626:
1578:
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1502:Maly Trostenets
1473:Mass executions
1468:
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1310:
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1139:
1098:
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1047:
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829:
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728:
719:Hidden children
697:
555:Czechoslovakia
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324:Weale, Adrian.
323:
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246:
216:
171:Reichsführer-SS
138:, first to the
127:Sturmbannführer
114:Kriminalpolizei
76:Austria-Hungary
68:
37:Sturmbannführer
12:
11:
5:
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2046:trivialization
2038:
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2036:
2026:
2024:Eichmann trial
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1984:
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1958:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1936:
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1919:Nuremberg Laws
1916:
1911:
1905:
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1902:Early elements
1895:
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1883:Early elements
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1818:Arajs Kommando
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1789:Einsatzgruppen
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787:Rescue of Jews
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479:978-0451237910
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311:McNab, Chris.
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232:Adolf Eichmann
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1914:Nazi eugenics
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1843:Topf and Sons
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1810:Collaborators
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1790:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1748:Referat IV B4
1746:
1745:
1744: (RSHA)
1743:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1735:Schutzstaffel
1732:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1722:Organizations
1720:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1664:Romani people
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1617:Working Group
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1602:Kastner train
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1523:
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1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
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1488:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1441:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1389:Kristallnacht
1386:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1172:Sanitätswesen
1169:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1135:Death marches
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1001:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
966:
964:
962:
961:Extermination
958:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
936:Sachsenhausen
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
877:Herzogenbusch
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
852:Bergen-Belsen
850:
848:
845:
844:
842:
840:
839:Concentration
836:
832:
828:
824:
819:
815:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
789:
788:
785:
781:
778:
776:
775:United States
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
742:
741:
738:
737:
735:
731:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
706:
704:
700:
692:
689:
687:
684:
683:
681:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
663:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
620:
617:
616:
615:and colonies
614:
611:
609:
606:
602:
599:
598:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
556:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
518:The Holocaust
512:
507:
505:
500:
498:
493:
492:
489:
481:
475:
471:
466:
462:
456:
452:
447:
445:
442:
439:Kahn, David.
438:
436:
433:
430:
427:
423:
421:
420:1-929631-07-3
417:
413:
409:
408:
404:
395:
391:
385:
382:
374:
368:
366:
364:
362:
360:
356:
344:
340:
334:
331:
328:, pp 140–144.
327:
321:
318:
314:
308:
305:
298:
296:
294:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
267:
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
243:
240:
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
213:
211:
208:
204:
198:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
173:
172:
167:
163:
159:
155:
153:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
128:
123:
118:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
100:
99:
94:
93:
88:
83:
81:
77:
73:
65:
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
44:
39:
38:
33:
29:
26:
22:
18:
17:Wilhelm Höttl
2126:Yizkor books
1787:
1734:
1479:
1427:in Lithuania
1387:
1285:
1170:
1163:
1152:
1086:
1064:
1045:
1026:
1009:
792:by Catholics
661:Soviet Union
529:By territory
469:
450:
440:
431:
425:
411:
393:
384:
347:. Retrieved
343:DER STANDARD
342:
333:
325:
320:
312:
307:
290:
285:
281:
277:
271:
247:
237:
217:
199:
169:
150:
148:
125:
119:
112:
102:
96:
90:
87:World War II
84:
69:
41:
35:
30:member, and
20:
16:
15:
2167:1999 deaths
2162:1915 births
2132:Never again
1963:(Action T4)
1889:Remembrance
1674:Homosexuals
1644:Soviet POWs
1572:Częstochowa
1120:Gas chamber
931:Ravensbrück
872:Gross-Rosen
867:Flossenbürg
750:Philippines
682:Yugoslavia
641:Netherlands
569:Sudetenland
195:Switzerland
2156:Categories
2121:Yad Vashem
2101:Uniqueness
1956:Nisko Plan
1729:Nazi Party
1537:Resistance
1507:Ninth Fort
1372:Vel' d'Hiv
1144:Nazi units
1082:Westerbork
1072:Amersfoort
926:Neuengamme
907:Mauthausen
887:Kaiserwald
857:Buchenwald
636:Luxembourg
405:References
349:2023-12-09
274:Bad Aussee
268:Later life
220:Bad Aussee
152:Ausland-SD
60:Bad Aussee
28:Nazi Party
2079:Education
1974:Aftermath
1886:Aftermath
1848:Trawnikis
1772:Wehrmacht
1767:Waffen-SS
1567:Białystok
1395:Bucharest
1367:Marseille
1244:Elsewhere
1205:Białystok
1017:Breendonk
994:Treblinka
847:Auschwitz
631:Lithuania
293:Altaussee
254:espionage
228:affidavit
136:Waffen-SS
66:Biography
2064:Academia
1517:Piaśnica
1487:Babi Yar
1415:Jedwabne
1354:Roundups
1287:Judenrat
1251:Budapest
1022:Mechelen
984:Majdanek
941:Stutthof
902:Majdanek
797:by Poles
755:Portugal
733:Response
724:Timeline
702:Overview
564:Slovakia
551:Bulgaria
226:. In an
207:Red Army
166:Budapest
25:Austrian
2091:Lessons
1527:Rumbula
1400:Dorohoi
1381:Pogroms
1333:Victims
1183:Ghettos
1115:Gas van
1103:Methods
1077:Schoorl
1055:Bolzano
1003:Transit
989:Sobibor
979:Chełmno
946:Vaivara
882:Hinzert
827:ghettos
780:Vatican
686:Croatia
676:Ukraine
666:Belarus
656:Romania
608:Hungary
591:Germany
581:Estonia
576:Denmark
546:Belgium
541:Austria
536:Albania
315:, p 41.
239:Russia.
179:Hungary
158:Central
109:Gestapo
48:Central
1997:Bricha
1763:(Orpo)
1636:Others
1622:Żegota
1584:Rescue
1562:Warsaw
1522:Ponary
1432:Kaunas
1235:Warsaw
1220:Lublin
1210:Kraków
1197:Poland
1041:Drancy
974:Belzec
951:Warsaw
862:Dachau
770:Turkey
765:Sweden
691:Serbia
671:Russia
651:Poland
646:Norway
626:Latvia
596:Greece
586:France
476:
457:
418:
122:Berlin
72:Vienna
21:Hoettl
2111:Humor
2084:Films
1781:Units
1512:Odesa
1362:Izieu
1276:Vilna
1261:Minsk
1256:Kovno
1230:Radom
1094:Sereď
911:Gusen
892:Kauen
823:Camps
760:Spain
745:Japan
619:Libya
613:Italy
376:(PDF)
299:Notes
2002:List
1757:(SD)
1737:(SS)
1420:Lviv
1405:Iași
1345:Jews
1266:Riga
1225:Lwów
1215:Łódź
1187:list
1036:Gurs
909:and
825:and
474:ISBN
455:ISBN
416:ISBN
191:Bern
187:Jews
160:and
50:and
1151:SS-
250:CIC
19:or
2158::
1088:sk
1066:nl
1048:it
1029:fr
1011:be
392:.
358:^
341:.
197:.
193:,
146:.
82:.
74:,
32:SS
2134:"
2130:"
1447:"
1443:"
1189:)
1185:(
510:e
503:t
496:v
482:.
463:.
396:.
378:.
352:.
154:'
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