142:
17:
137:
and stated that they were prepared to follow his instructions, he provided none. Sallows proved incompetent. He appears to have never been to
Spitsbergen before, as the information he provided the Dutch was incorrect; he in fact knew nothing about the country or its fauna. He further angered the men
302:
Archaeological excavations have found the remains of a temporary whaling station on the northern moraine of the Renard
Glacier on the northern shore of Josephbukta. Red roofing tiles and pottery of Dutch origin found at the site suggest that this may have been Van Muyden's station. See Hacquebord,
212:. They were discovered here by the English on 21 July. They seized their goods and detained Vrijer until 25 July and Van Muyden until 28 July. Despite being ordered away, Van Muyden continued along the coast until 9 August, when he sailed homewards.
227:. He was among the first to arrive at the island early in June; he left in late July with a full cargo of oil. He appears to have sailed north in 1618, and in 1619 and again in 1621 he once more went to Jan Mayen. For ten years he was living on
2928:
113:. The following day there was talk among the English to detain Sallows, but they ultimately decided to let him go. On 5 June the ship sailed into the northern entrance of
63:
Willem van Muy(d)en started his career as a ship's carpenter, but in 1607 he shipped aboard a vessel loaded with grain for Italy. In 1609 he sailed to Norway and
385:
Hakluytus
Posthumus or Purchas His Pilgrimes: Contayning a History of the World in Sea Voyages and Lande Travells by Englishmen and others. Volumes XIII and XIV
2090:
413:
1051:
117:, where, the next day, Sallows told the English of the loss of their merchant Kijn, who had fallen off a cliff and broken his neck. The same day the
3471:
686:
694:
3046:
2052:
465:
2643:
2241:
1829:
3435:
1381:
2246:
3557:
3329:
3010:
2832:
2722:
2491:
1080:
1029:
2780:
2361:
2300:
2803:
2881:
3112:
3098:
3072:
2909:
1803:
880:
406:
3542:
3532:
2935:
2905:
1248:
1238:
822:
524:
2546:
156:
returned to
Amsterdam on 17 September. Evidently learning from their error, the Dutch recruited twelve Basque whalemen from
2708:
2218:
1351:
2617:
2503:
2346:
1392:
853:
621:
3547:
3065:
2687:
2521:
2462:
2416:
534:
645:
3552:
3425:
2150:
2124:
2117:
1857:
1568:
1469:
1461:
1444:
1062:
608:
460:
399:
3248:
2858:
2554:
2353:
2138:
2020:
1823:
1705:
1556:
1405:
1343:
1330:
1203:
929:
581:
3398:
2989:
2983:
2901:
2775:
2560:
2286:
2162:
2012:
1900:
1684:
700:
3465:
3128:
2281:
2155:
2075:
1584:
1411:
613:
79:
3537:
3403:
2969:
2236:
901:
3408:
3377:
3182:
3135:
3034:
2838:
2757:
2700:
2449:
2443:
2293:
2251:
2213:
2193:
1788:
1563:
1399:
1309:
1291:
1208:
1179:
1169:
1057:
994:
768:
376:
Dansk-Norsk
Hvalfangst 1615-1660: En Studie over Danmark-Norges Stilling i Europæisk Merkantil Expansion
228:
219:
was founded Van Muyden again sailed to
Spitsbergen in 1614 and 1615. In 1616 he was again master of the
1449:
3527:
3522:
3262:
3254:
3197:
2785:
2649:
2630:
2575:
2567:
2367:
2307:
2266:
1879:
1870:
1741:
1736:
1640:
1504:
1261:
1223:
1040:
1035:
1018:
830:
600:
568:
512:
492:
110:
133:
whalemen, they had little success with catching whales, and when the men asked
Sallows how to catch
3383:
3305:
2770:
2693:
2609:
2390:
2382:
2331:
1971:
1929:
1424:
1387:
1276:
1023:
910:
713:
518:
216:
177:
145:
72:
2541:
95:
3104:
2996:
2977:
2516:
2058:
1952:
1916:
1892:
1783:
1630:
1605:
1601:
1591:
1497:
1475:
1454:
1335:
1325:
1072:
960:
888:
561:
552:
544:
455:
435:
304:
201:
185:
3476:
3282:
3276:
3232:
3217:
3146:
3118:
3026:
2963:
2873:
2845:
2825:
2763:
2671:
2635:
2509:
2476:
2469:
2422:
2404:
2321:
2070:
1939:
1887:
1793:
1746:
1674:
1663:
1375:
1365:
1357:
1253:
1243:
1154:
1149:
1132:
1098:
965:
952:
773:
679:
637:
632:
422:
3493:
3225:
2917:
2797:
2623:
2596:
2536:
2411:
2341:
2326:
2065:
1994:
1989:
1963:
1958:
1840:
1763:
1716:
1483:
1303:
1268:
1164:
1159:
1093:
1007:
789:
781:
667:
587:
539:
529:
502:
44:
3483:
3430:
3415:
3321:
3316:
3240:
3205:
3141:
3040:
2955:
2922:
2654:
2437:
2429:
2398:
2314:
2274:
2028:
1984:
1924:
1848:
1818:
1813:
1773:
1751:
1699:
1635:
1625:
1576:
1298:
1283:
1136:
1105:
1067:
817:
745:
739:
662:
627:
487:
193:
157:
141:
99:
40:
2006:
263:
For simplicity, when
English sources are resorted to, the date has been converted to the
188:, but were ordered away by the English just three days later. After being driven out of
98:
as pilot, a man who had spent twenty years "in the
Northern Seas" in the service of the
3457:
3440:
3393:
3352:
3342:
3311:
3170:
3160:
3052:
3002:
2867:
2817:
2790:
2735:
2531:
2526:
2375:
2228:
2082:
2044:
2001:
1934:
1908:
1862:
1835:
1808:
1778:
1721:
1679:
1669:
1549:
1542:
1439:
1419:
1231:
1191:
1122:
918:
893:
848:
812:
806:
798:
758:
753:
727:
707:
475:
189:
3516:
3420:
3362:
3357:
3347:
3297:
3292:
3268:
3212:
3089:
3083:
3078:
2677:
2588:
2581:
2336:
2131:
2110:
1978:
1756:
1726:
1694:
1689:
1526:
1432:
1315:
1110:
923:
873:
866:
858:
763:
672:
507:
232:
205:
130:
114:
68:
16:
3451:
3445:
3057:
3021:
2887:
2714:
2664:
2603:
2457:
2145:
2096:
1946:
1768:
1731:
1711:
1652:
1186:
1174:
1117:
1045:
946:
843:
837:
734:
722:
595:
573:
497:
450:
280:
Conway (1904), p. 12. Muller, without providing a source, states the master of the
3488:
3388:
3336:
3154:
2941:
2729:
2104:
2036:
1798:
1657:
1620:
1520:
1512:
1320:
656:
87:
3287:
3190:
3174:
3016:
2949:
2850:
2259:
2208:
2168:
1490:
1216:
1144:
1086:
479:
209:
181:
64:
48:
176:
arrived off the
Spitsbergen coast on 27 May. On 2 June the ships arrived at
2809:
1646:
1198:
981:
236:
224:
52:
32:
2741:
367:
Early Dutch and English Voyages to Spitsbergen in the Seventeenth Century
122:
121:
sailed to the south. They anchored in a small bay on the north shore of
3368:
2748:
1535:
1013:
989:
977:
196:
and settled in a little cove on its western shore, which he christened
106:
83:
35:) was an early 17th-century skipper. He is known in the Netherlands as
1614:
939:
134:
28:
391:
1000:
140:
160:
for the following year. Van Tweenhuysen equipped two ships, the
2191:
433:
395:
94:
to the same locale in 1612. They hired the absconding bankrupt
223:, this time on a whaling voyage to the recently discovered
71:, where his ship was seized by pirates. He arrived in
3169:
2900:
2487:
2227:
1600:
1131:
976:
474:
129:(modern Van Muydenbukta). Lacking the expertise of
293:Hessel Gerritsz. (1613). In: Conway (1904), p. 31.
267:(NS), as the English at the time still used the
204:). From 25 June to 20 July they caught eighteen
407:
8:
164:, with Van Muyden again as master, and the
105:On 13 May (NS) the expedition ran into the
2201:
2188:
443:
430:
414:
400:
392:
192:and Van Muydenbukta, Van Muyden sailed to
3472:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
15:
3047:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
247:
284:was Jan Jacobsz. Boots van Medemblik.
47:on the west coast of Spitsbergen and
7:
138:when drunk, daily consuming brandy.
2833:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1030:Norse colonization of North America
2362:United States Exploring Expedition
168:, Jan Jacobsz Vrijer, master. The
75:in January of the following year.
14:
3436:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
2804:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
67:. In 1611 he made his way to the
3330:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
2723:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
365:Conway, William Martin (1904).
180:. In mid-June they sailed into
39:("The First Whaleman") (1613).
1:
2709:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
2644:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
78:A company in Amsterdam under
3066:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
2882:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
2688:French Antarctic Expeditions
2618:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
2504:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
622:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
25:Willem Cornelisz. van Muyden
2151:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
1830:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
695:Andrée's balloon expedition
352:Kernkamp (1898), p. 364-65.
334:Kernkamp (1898), p. 368-70.
82:, in the wake of the first
3574:
3558:Whaling in the Netherlands
1352:Franklin's lost expedition
1052:Christian IV's expeditions
231:. After 1624, he moved to
2204:
2200:
2187:
1706:Great Northern Expedition
1382:Rae–Richardson expedition
582:British Arctic Expedition
446:
442:
429:
208:, thirty walrus, and two
90:, sent Van Muyden in the
2990:British Antarctic Survey
2984:Captain Arturo Prat Base
2229:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
387:. J. Maclehose and sons.
383:Purchas, Samuel (1625).
3466:Pole of inaccessibility
3129:Antarctic Treaty System
1470:2nd Grinnell expedition
184:, on the north side of
80:Lambert van Tweenhuysen
374:Dalgård, Sune (1962).
316:Muller (1874), p. 371.
254:Purchas (1625), p. 15.
149:
37:De Eerste Walvisvanger
21:
3543:Explorers of Svalbard
3533:Dutch polar explorers
3136:Transglobe Expedition
3035:Operation Deep Freeze
2444:Challenger expedition
1310:Coppermine expedition
831:Drifting ice stations
144:
55:are named after him.
51:on the west coast of
19:
378:. G.E.C Gads Forlag.
343:Hart (1976), p. 234.
325:Dodt (1848), p. 126.
235:and lived near the "
3306:South magnetic pole
1972:Brusilov expedition
1081:Danish colonization
519:North magnetic pole
217:Noordsche Compagnie
178:Prins Karls Forland
146:Prins Karls Forland
3548:People from Muiden
2997:Operation Windmill
2978:Operation Highjump
1953:Rusanov expedition
1858:A. E. Nordenskiöld
1602:North East Passage
1406:McClure expedition
150:
22:
3553:People in whaling
3510:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3501:
2964:Operation Tabarin
2826:Far Eastern Party
2672:Nimrod Expedition
2183:
2182:
2179:
2178:
1742:M. Pronchishcheva
1664:Siberian Cossacks
1133:Northwest Passage
466:Research stations
423:Polar exploration
303:Steenhuisen, and
127:Van Muyden Harbor
3565:
3011:Ronne Expedition
2496:
2490:
2354:Dumont d'Urville
2202:
2189:
1737:V. Pronchishchev
444:
431:
416:
409:
402:
393:
388:
379:
370:
353:
350:
344:
341:
335:
332:
326:
323:
317:
314:
308:
300:
294:
291:
285:
278:
272:
261:
255:
252:
45:Van Mijenfjorden
3573:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3498:
3173:
3165:
3041:McMurdo Station
2910:Modern research
2908:
2896:
2631:O. Nordenskjöld
2494:
2488:
2483:
2399:Ross expedition
2223:
2196:
2175:
1604:
1596:
1137:Northern Canada
1135:
1127:
980:
972:
478:
470:
438:
425:
420:
382:
373:
364:
361:
356:
351:
347:
342:
338:
333:
329:
324:
320:
315:
311:
301:
297:
292:
288:
279:
275:
262:
258:
253:
249:
245:
194:Recherche Fjord
158:St. Jean de Luz
100:Muscovy Company
61:
41:Van Muydenbukta
12:
11:
5:
3571:
3569:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3515:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3458:Vostok Station
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3409:Cherry-Garrard
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3249:Southern Cross
3245:
3244:
3243:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3215:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3179:
3177:
3171:Farthest South
3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3132:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3086:
3081:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3043:
3038:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3007:
3006:
3005:
2993:
2986:
2981:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2932:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2912:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2868:Ross Sea party
2864:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2829:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2800:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2733:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2668:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2652:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2562:Southern Cross
2555:Southern Cross
2551:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2499:
2497:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2440:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2420:
2414:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2301:Bellingshausen
2291:
2284:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2233:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2160:
2148:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1610:
1608:
1606:Russian Arctic
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1422:
1417:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1378:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1363:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1141:
1139:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1096:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1048:
1043:
1041:Snæbjörn galti
1038:
1033:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1004:
997:
992:
986:
984:
974:
973:
971:
970:
969:
968:
963:
958:
943:
936:
926:
921:
916:
908:
898:
897:
896:
891:
877:
870:
863:
862:
861:
856:
851:
846:
834:
827:
826:
825:
820:
815:
803:
802:
801:
787:
778:
777:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
742:
737:
732:
731:
730:
725:
710:
705:
704:
703:
691:
690:
689:
677:
676:
675:
670:
665:
660:
642:
641:
640:
635:
630:
618:
617:
616:
611:
606:
598:
593:
578:
577:
576:
571:
566:
549:
548:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
484:
482:
476:Farthest North
472:
471:
469:
468:
463:
458:
453:
447:
440:
439:
434:
427:
426:
421:
419:
418:
411:
404:
396:
390:
389:
380:
371:
360:
357:
355:
354:
345:
336:
327:
318:
309:
295:
286:
273:
256:
246:
244:
241:
239:" warehouses.
206:bowhead whales
86:expedition to
60:
57:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3570:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3538:Dutch sailors
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2589:Discovery Hut
2587:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2493:
2486:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2431:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2119:A. Sibiryakov
2116:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2091:Glavsevmorput
2088:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1393:J. Richardson
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1155:M. Corte-Real
1153:
1151:
1150:G. Corte-Real
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1073:C. Richardson
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1003:
1002:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
987:
985:
983:
979:
975:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
955:
951:
950:
949:
948:
944:
942:
941:
937:
935:
934:
933:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
914:
909:
907:
906:
905:
899:
895:
892:
890:
887:
886:
885:
884:
883:
882:Georgiy Sedov
878:
876:
875:
871:
869:
868:
864:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
841:
840:
839:
835:
833:
832:
828:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
809:
808:
804:
800:
797:
796:
795:
794:
793:
788:
786:
785:
784:
779:
775:
772:
770:
769:Riiser-Larsen
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
751:
750:
749:
748:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
729:
726:
724:
721:
720:
719:
718:
717:
711:
709:
706:
702:
699:
698:
697:
696:
692:
688:
685:
684:
683:
682:
678:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
658:
654:
653:
652:
651:
649:
643:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
625:
624:
623:
619:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
604:
599:
597:
594:
592:
591:
586:
585:
584:
583:
579:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
564:
560:
559:
558:
557:
555:
550:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
522:
521:
520:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
485:
483:
481:
477:
473:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
448:
445:
441:
437:
432:
428:
424:
417:
412:
410:
405:
403:
398:
397:
394:
386:
381:
377:
372:
368:
363:
362:
358:
349:
346:
340:
337:
331:
328:
322:
319:
313:
310:
306:
299:
296:
290:
287:
283:
277:
274:
270:
266:
260:
257:
251:
248:
242:
240:
238:
234:
233:Keizersgracht
230:
226:
222:
218:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
147:
143:
139:
136:
132:
128:
125:later called
124:
120:
116:
115:Forlandsundet
112:
108:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
76:
74:
70:
69:Mediterranean
66:
58:
56:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
18:
3464:
3452:Pole of Cold
3450:
3376:
3367:
3335:
3328:
3304:
3275:
3261:
3255:Borchgrevink
3247:
3234:
3219:
3199:
3184:
3153:
3134:
3127:
3111:
3097:
3088:
3071:
3064:
3045:
3033:
3009:
2995:
2988:
2976:
2962:
2948:
2934:
2927:
2888:
2880:
2866:
2859:
2857:
2839:
2831:
2824:
2811:
2802:
2764:
2756:
2747:
2740:
2728:
2721:
2707:
2695:Pourquoi-Pas
2694:
2686:
2678:
2670:
2665:Orcadas Base
2663:
2655:
2642:
2636:C. A. Larsen
2624:
2616:
2602:
2595:
2582:
2574:
2568:Borchgrevink
2561:
2553:
2510:
2502:
2477:C. A. Larsen
2470:
2451:
2442:
2424:
2406:
2397:
2384:
2369:
2360:
2347:
2308:
2294:
2287:
2268:
2253:
2163:
2156:
2139:
2132:
2118:
2103:
2089:
2076:
2051:
2037:
2035:
2021:
2019:
2013:
2011:
1977:
1970:
1951:
1917:
1915:
1901:
1899:
1881:
1871:
1869:
1849:
1847:
1828:
1704:
1662:
1645:
1613:
1577:
1575:
1555:
1554:
1534:
1533:
1519:
1506:
1491:
1477:
1468:
1455:
1426:
1414:Investigator
1413:
1404:
1380:
1367:
1359:
1350:
1337:
1308:
1285:
1270:
1255:
1225:
1210:
1180:
1099:
1079:
1050:
1046:Erik the Red
1028:
1006:
999:
956:submersibles
953:
947:Arktika 2007
945:
938:
931:
928:
912:
903:
900:
881:
879:
872:
865:
836:
829:
805:
791:
790:
782:
780:
746:
744:
715:
712:
701:S. A. Andrée
693:
680:
655:
647:
644:
620:
602:
589:
580:
562:
553:
551:
517:
384:
375:
366:
348:
339:
330:
321:
312:
298:
289:
281:
276:
268:
264:
259:
250:
220:
214:
197:
173:
169:
165:
161:
153:
151:
126:
118:
104:
96:Alan Sallows
91:
77:
62:
36:
24:
23:
3528:1634 deaths
3523:1573 births
3155:Lake Vostok
3105:Tryoshnikov
3027:Schlossbach
2918:Christensen
2860:James Caird
2781:E. R. Evans
2547:Dobrowolski
2517:de Gerlache
2219:Expeditions
2105:Aviaarktika
2059:Samoylovich
1930:Kolomeitsev
1824:Middendorff
1784:Gedenshtrom
1204:I. Fyodorov
966:Chilingarov
854:E. Fyodorov
461:Expeditions
210:polar bears
202:Josephbukta
198:Schoonhaven
190:Grønfjorden
88:Spitsbergen
31:– 1634, in
20:Spitsbergen
3517:Categories
3378:Terra Nova
3283:Shackleton
3226:J. C. Ross
3185:Resolution
3175:South Pole
2950:New Swabia
2874:Mackintosh
2846:Shackleton
2765:Terra Nova
2758:Terra Nova
2492:Heroic Age
2452:Challenger
2412:J. C. Ross
2322:Bransfield
2254:Resolution
2169:icebreaker
2133:Chelyuskin
1874:expedition
1852:Expedition
1794:Matyushkin
1752:Kh. Laptev
1747:Chelyuskin
1641:Heemskerck
1631:Chancellor
1626:Willoughby
1621:Koch boats
1564:Stefansson
1498:McClintock
1462:Inglefield
1304:J. C. Ross
1211:Resolution
1063:Cunningham
961:Sagalevich
650:expedition
609:Stephenson
569:C. F. Hall
556:expedition
530:J. C. Ross
493:Heemskerck
480:North Pole
359:References
215:After the
182:Trygghamna
73:Middelburg
65:Saint-Malo
49:Kapp Muyen
27:(1573, in
3477:Tolstikov
3263:Discovery
3233:HMS
3218:HMS
3200:Adventure
3198:HMS
3183:HMS
3119:Tolstikov
2840:Endurance
2625:Antarctic
2610:Drygalski
2583:Discovery
2576:Discovery
2537:Arctowski
2450:HMS
2423:HMS
2417:Abernethy
2405:HMS
2383:USS
2370:Vincennes
2368:USS
2348:Astrolabe
2288:San Telmo
2269:Adventure
2267:HMS
2252:HMS
2247:Kerguelen
2209:Continent
2194:Antarctic
2071:Urvantsev
2029:Vilkitsky
1882:Jeannette
1880:USS
1872:Jeannette
1836:Weyprecht
1814:Pakhtusov
1764:Chichagov
1757:D. Laptev
1700:Permyakov
1675:Stadukhin
1670:Perfilyev
1647:Mangazeya
1585:H. Larsen
1550:Rasmussen
1505:HMS
1476:USS
1425:HMS
1412:HMS
1376:Collinson
1366:HMS
1358:HMS
1336:HMS
1284:HMS
1269:HMS
1254:HMS
1239:Mackenzie
1226:Discovery
1224:HMS
1209:HMS
1181:Discovery
1160:Frobisher
1123:Rasmussen
1036:Gunnbjörn
982:Greenland
911:USS
902:USS
774:Ellsworth
716:Roosevelt
646:Nansen's
603:Discovery
601:HMS
588:HMS
535:Abernethy
503:Marmaduke
369:. London.
305:Waterbolk
269:Old Style
265:New Style
243:Footnotes
237:Greenland
229:Rapenburg
225:Jan Mayen
186:Isfjorden
53:Jan Mayen
33:Amsterdam
3489:A. Fuchs
3446:V. Fuchs
3426:McKinley
3389:E. Evans
3348:Bjaaland
3343:Amundsen
3293:Marshall
3206:Furneaux
3058:V. Fuchs
3022:E. Ronne
3017:F. Ronne
2956:Ritscher
2810:SY
2798:Filchner
2742:Framheim
2736:Amundsen
2542:Racoviță
2527:Amundsen
2522:Lecointe
2391:Ringgold
2385:Porpoise
2275:Furneaux
2111:Shevelev
2066:Begichev
2045:Amundsen
2007:Nagórski
1985:Brusilov
1979:Sv. Anna
1893:Melville
1863:Palander
1819:Tsivolko
1779:Sannikov
1774:Billings
1717:Chirikov
1636:Barentsz
1578:St. Roch
1569:Bartlett
1543:Amundsen
1527:Sverdrup
1427:Resolute
1316:Franklin
1244:Kotzebue
1111:Sverdrup
1094:Scoresby
1068:Lindenov
919:Plaisted
904:Nautilus
849:Shirshov
823:Belyakov
818:Baydukov
792:Nautilus
754:Amundsen
714:SS
673:Sverdrup
668:Johansen
638:Brainard
633:Lockwood
488:Barentsz
221:Neptunus
200:(modern
170:Neptunus
162:Neptunus
154:Neptunus
123:Bellsund
119:Neptunus
111:Bjørnøya
92:Neptunus
3494:Messner
3441:Hillary
3421:Balchen
3369:Polheim
3363:Wisting
3241:Crozier
3213:Weddell
3191:J. Cook
3161:Kapitsa
3142:Fiennes
3084:Klenova
3053:Hillary
3003:Ketchum
2929:BANZARE
2904:·
2749:Polheim
2715:Shirase
2701:Charcot
2511:Belgica
2430:Crozier
2342:Morrell
2337:Weddell
2315:Lazarev
2260:J. Cook
2214:History
2164:Arktika
2140:Krassin
2125:Voronin
2097:Schmidt
2083:Ushakov
2022:Vaygach
1990:Albanov
1959:Rusanov
1940:Kolchak
1935:Matisen
1909:Makarov
1888:De Long
1789:Wrangel
1769:Lyakhov
1722:Malygin
1680:Dezhnev
1507:Pandora
1478:Advance
1445:Kennedy
1440:Belcher
1433:Kellett
1420:McClure
1344:Beechey
1338:Blossom
1331:Simpson
1299:Crozier
1292:Hoppner
1249:J. Ross
1217:J. Cook
1165:Gilbert
1058:J. Hall
1024:Ingólfr
1014:Naddodd
1008:Vikings
995:Brendan
990:Pytheas
978:Iceland
932:Arktika
924:Herbert
889:Badygin
859:Krenkel
844:Papanin
813:Chkalov
799:Wilkins
764:Wisting
708:F. Cook
614:Markham
574:Bessels
563:Polaris
554:Polaris
525:J. Ross
508:Carolus
456:History
282:Fortuyn
174:Fortuyn
166:Fortuyn
148:in 2006
107:English
84:whaling
3404:Bowers
3399:Wilson
3358:Hassel
3353:Helmer
3322:Mackay
3312:Mawson
3277:Nimrod
3235:Terror
3220:Erebus
3147:Burton
2942:Rymill
2818:Mawson
2812:Aurora
2791:Lashly
2776:Wilson
2679:Nimrod
2656:Scotia
2463:Murray
2438:Cooper
2425:Terror
2407:Erebus
2376:Wilkes
2327:Palmer
2295:Vostok
2242:Bouvet
2166:-class
2146:Gakkel
2014:Taymyr
1995:Konrad
1964:Kuchin
1902:Yermak
1809:Lavrov
1727:Ovtsyn
1712:Bering
1690:Ivanov
1653:Hudson
1615:Pomors
1592:Cowper
1557:Karluk
1456:Isabel
1450:Bellot
1400:Austin
1368:Terror
1360:Erebus
1256:Griper
1232:Clerke
1192:Baffin
1175:Hudson
1106:Nansen
1019:Garðar
940:Barneo
807:ANT-25
783:Italia
759:Nobile
728:Henson
687:Amedeo
663:Nansen
628:Greely
498:Hudson
436:Arctic
307:(2003)
135:walrus
131:Basque
29:Muiden
3484:Crary
3431:Dufek
3394:Oates
3384:Scott
3317:David
3298:Adams
3269:Barne
3090:Mirny
3079:Somov
2889:Quest
2786:Crean
2771:Scott
2650:Bruce
2604:Gauss
2597:Gauss
2471:Jason
2458:Nares
2332:Davis
2309:Mirny
2282:Smith
2237:Roché
2157:Lenin
2077:Sadko
2002:Wiese
1947:Sedov
1918:Zarya
1841:Payer
1804:Litke
1799:Anjou
1732:Minin
1695:Vagin
1685:Popov
1658:Poole
1513:Young
1326:Dease
1271:Hecla
1262:Parry
1187:Bylot
1170:Davis
1145:Cabot
1118:Peary
1100:Jason
1087:Egede
1001:Papar
913:Skate
894:Wiese
874:NP-37
867:NP-36
747:Norge
735:Sedov
723:Peary
681:Jason
596:Nares
590:Alert
545:Hayes
513:Parry
451:Ocean
271:(OS).
3416:Byrd
3337:Fram
3288:Wild
2970:Marr
2936:BGLE
2923:Byrd
2851:Wild
2730:Fram
2532:Cook
2053:AARI
2038:Maud
1925:Toll
1850:Vega
1536:Gjøa
1521:Fram
1484:Kane
1321:Back
1286:Fury
1277:Lyon
1199:Munk
838:NP-1
740:Byrd
657:Fram
648:Fram
540:Kane
172:and
152:The
109:off
59:Life
43:and
3113:3rd
3099:2nd
3073:1st
2906:IGY
2902:IPY
1492:Fox
1388:Rae
954:Mir
930:NS
3519::
2018:/
102:.
2495:"
2489:"
2432:)
2428:(
2419:)
2410:(
415:e
408:t
401:v
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