562:. He began to form this vast collection while at college, beginning with fifteen volumes, which he kept in a lock-up case in the university library, where he examined every book likely to yield information suitable to his purpose, besides transcribing many manuscript lists and records. The principal interval from this labour was during his residence at Bletchley (1753–67), but even there, with the aid of his own books and those he could borrow from his neighbours, he proceeded with his great undertaking, and on his frequent journeys he added to his topographical collections, illustrating them with neat copies of armorial bearings and rough but faithful drawings of churches and other buildings. At Waterbeach and Milton, where he was within an easy distance of Cambridge, he resumed his labour of love with renewed ardour, and in addition to dry historical matters, he carefully transcribed all his literary correspondence, and minutely chronicled all the anecdotes he heard respecting his contemporaries at the university.
308:; for I have no inclination to the duty and do not love to be confined." He still had a hankering after a semi-monastic life, for he wrote to Bedingfeld on 20 April 1768: "Could I have my books and conveniences about me, I should nowhere like better than to finish my days among my countrymen in a conventual manner," though not, he takes care to explain, as a monk or friar, because he had no religious vocation. A second overflow of the Hundred Foot river at Over still further diminished the value of his estate, and on 18 February 1769 he wrote to the Rev. John Allen: "I hardly ever now really enjoy myself for three days together, as the continued wet weather alarms me constantly; so that I am come to a resolution to sell my estate and purchase elsewhere, or buy an annuity." At Michaelmas 1769 he had his first attack of gout, which complaint afterwards caused him severe and frequent suffering.
214:. "Sherlock," says Cole, "gave me the rectory of Hornsey, yet his manner was such that I soon resigned it again to him. I had not been educated in episcopal trammels, and liked a more liberal behaviour; yet he was a great man, and I believe an honest man." Cole was inducted on 25 November; but finding that the parsonage-house required rebuilding, and understanding that the bishop insisted upon his being resident, he sent in his resignation within a month. This the bishop refused to accept, because Cole had rendered himself liable for dilapidations and other expenses by being instituted to the benefice. Cole continued, therefore, to hold the rectory till 9 January 1751, when he resigned it in favour of Mr Territ. During this time he never resided, but employed a curate, Matthew Mapletoft.
536:
recommence this work when I retired into my native county again in 1767, when I made of an old dilapidated cottage at Milton near
Cambridge, a decent gentleman's house, laying out upon the premises at least £600, the annual rent being only £17 per annum, hired of the college, and no lease till my time; yet after six years' occupancy Cooke, the snotty-nosed head of it, soon after his election, had the rascality, with Paddon, a dirty wretch, and bursar suitable to him, to alter my lease, and put new terms in it. But from such a scoundrel, and I am warranted to call him no other, and would call him so to his face the first time I see him, with the addition of a liar and mischief-maker through life, no other than dirty treatment can be expected. I write this 9 June 1782.
506:
completed in six weeks; for I was called off for above a week to another manuscript, which I expected would be demanded of me every day; besides some days of visiting and being visited." Again he remarks in a letter to Allen: "I am wearing my eyes, fingers, and self out in writing for posterity, of whose gratitude I can have no adequate idea, while I neglect my friends, who I know would be glad to hear from me."
769:
137:, where he had a younger brother, then a fellow. He remained for 18 years at King's, collecting historical information on the county of Cambridgeshire. He visited nearly all the churches in the county, making sketches of them and taking notes of monumental inscriptions and coats of arms (as well as local gossip). He made extensive transcriptions of the registers of the
523:
life I have never artfully disguised my opinions, and as my books were my trusty friends, who have engaged never to speak till twenty years after my departure, I always, without guile, entrusted them with my most secret thoughts, both of men and things; so that there is what the world will call an ample collection of scandalous rubbish heaped together.
287:, five miles from Cambridge, and resumed work on his history of Cambridgeshire. His rented house, little better than a cottage, was very uncomfortable. To make matters worse, he discovered that he had got into a parish which abounded with fanatics of almost all denominations. Writing about this period to his friend Father
595:
Add. MSS 5862–85, 5954, 5955. These collections, though they have proved very serviceable to biographers, consist for the most part only of references to printed works, and do not contain connected narratives of the lives of
Cambridge authors. Some extracts, relating for the most part to persons with
509:
As he freely jotted down his inmost thoughts as to the merits or demerits of his acquaintances, he took care that no one, with the exception of two or three intimate friends, should see his manuscripts, either during his lifetime or within twenty years after his death. On the occasion of his sending
522:
No person except Dr. Lyne and Mr. John Allen of
Trinity College ever looked into them. Indeed, you are the only person that I should think a moment about determining to let them go out of my hands: and, in good truth, they are generally of such a nature as makes them not fit to be seen, for through
71:
A nineteenth-century biographer described Cole as "one of the most learned men of the eighteenth century in his particular line, and the most industrious antiquary that
Cambridgeshire has ever had, or is likely to have", while the verdict of a contemporary, Professor Michael Lort, was "... with all
565:
As late as 1778 Cole was perplexed as to the disposal of his manuscripts. "To give them to King's
College," he wrote, "would be to throw them into a horsepond", the members of that society being "generally so conceited of their Latin and Greek that all other studies are barbarous". At one time he
256:
They are my only delight – they are my wife and children – they have been, in short, my whole employ and amusement for these twenty or thirty years; and though I really and sincerely think the greatest part of them stuff and trash, and deserve no other treatment than the fire, yet the collections
535:
Here I left off this work in 1752, and never began it again, quitting college that year for the rectory of
Blecheley in Buckinghamshire, at the presentation of Browne Willis, esq., and so lost fifteen years of the best part of my life for disquisitions of this sort, and never having a relish to
505:
An idea of Cole's industry as a transcriber may be gathered from this passage in a letter to
Walpole (12 September 1777): "You will be astonished at the rapidity of my pen when you observe that this folio of four hundred pages , with above a hundred coats of arms and other silly ornaments, was
315:
He rented a small farm from King's
College, where he was to stay for the rest of his life, continuing work on his antiquarian studies. He became known as "Cole of Milton," though he was sometimes jokingly spoken of as "Cardinal Cole". In May 1771, by Lord Montfort's favour, he was put into the
237:
In 1765 he undertook a lengthy tour in France with Horace
Walpole. His aim was to find some quiet and cheap spot, in Normandy or elsewhere, to which he might eventually retire. This scheme of settling permanently in France probably originated in a wish to openly join the
30:
299:
after the great snow in
February was twelvemonth;" and he proceeds to remark: "Yet I am not disposed to engage myself in any ecclesiastical matters again, except greater should be offered than I am in expectation of. I have already refused two livings, one in
242:, for in his manuscripts he takes little or no pains to conceal his Catholic inclinations and his contempt for the English and German reformers. However, he was dissuaded from this plan of self-banishment largely by Walpole, who pointed out that under the
545:
Cole never married. He lived with his manservant Tom Wood, a maidservant, and a number of animals including 2 horses and a pony, a dog called Busy, a cat, and a parrot. He enjoyed entertaining and lived well, which may have contributed to his gout.
265:, will be of singular use to any one who will have more patience and perseverance than I am master of to put the materials together. These therefore I should be much concerned should fall into the hands of the French king's officers.
282:
1768 he resigned the rectory in favour of Browne Willis's grandson, the Rev. Thomas Willis, because he knew it has been his patron's intention so to bestow the living if he had lived to effect an exchange. Cole now became curate of
574:
on condition that they should not be opened until twenty years after his death. Accordingly, they did not become accessible to the public until 1803. Vol. xvii. never reached the Museum; it is conjectured to have contained a
717:
132:
In 1735, on the death of his father, Cole inherited a substantial estate, and found himself with no obligation to earn a living. He entered himself as a fellow-commoner of Clare Hall, and the next year migrated to
148:
In April 1736 he travelled for a short time in French Flanders with his half-brother, Dr Stephen Apthorp. In October of the same year he took the degree of B.A. In 1737, in consequence of ill health, he went to
269:
Moreover, in the course of his travels he was shocked at the tendency towards irreligion in France. He therefore determined not to make the country his home. His journal of this tour was published in 1931.
64:, where they have proved invaluable to people writing about the history of Cambridgeshire. He kept a diary between 1765 and 1770, and two volumes – one relating to a trip to France, and one to his time at
111:, who even at that early period used to make jocular remarks on his inclination to Roman Catholicism. While still a boy he was in the habit of copying monumental inscriptions, and drawing coats of arms
392:. Although he published no separate work of his own, he rendered substantial assistance to many authors by supplying them either with entire dissertations or with minute communications or corrections.
782:
171:
In 1743, his health being again impaired, he took another trip through Flanders, described in his manuscript collections. During his travels on the continent he formed lasting friendships with
1103:
88:, Cambridgeshire, on 3 August 1714. He was the son of William Cole of Babraham, a well-to-do farmer, and his third wife (of four), Elizabeth, daughter of Theophilus Tuer, merchant, of
360:
Cole numbered among his friends and correspondents some of the most learned men of his time, including Horace Walpole, who called him his "oracle in any antique difficulties",
475:, and organised them in ten folio volumes from the originals in four volumes, which Willis had delivered to him a few weeks before his death. Cole's transcript is now in the
92:, and widow of Charles Apthorp. He was descended from a family of respectable yeomen, who had lived for several generations in the part of Cambridgeshire bordering on Essex.
1108:
291:, a Minorite friar, he says: "My finances are miserably reduced by quitting the living of Bletchley, and by half my own estate being under water by the breaking of the
583:, London, 1849, folio. There are also three thick volumes of Cole's own indexes in the reading-room of the Museum. The most important sections of the manuscripts are:
750:
352:. On the right hand of the entrance to the church is a monument, with an inscription stating that the steeple was erected with money left by him for the purpose.
41:
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and other Catholic ecclesiastics. On Christmas Day 1744 he was ordained deacon, and for some time officiated as curate to Dr Abraham Oakes, rector of
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340:
Cole continued to live at Milton, where he died, aged 68, on 16 December 1782. His constitution had been shattered by repeated attacks of
160:
In 1739, he was put into the commission of the peace for Cambridgeshire, in which capacity he acted for many years. In 1740 his friend
415:, 1771, writing the lives of the bishops and deans, and the description of the Ely tablet. He also made significant contributions to
161:
107:, where he remained for five years on the foundation. His principal friend and companion there – who became a lifelong friend – was
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As an example of his strong prejudices, and occasionally violent style of expressing them, a passage which he added to his
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the king of France would become the possessor of his cherished manuscripts, which even at this date comprised some 40
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Extraneous Parochial Antiquities, or an account of various Churches in different Counties in England, with drawings
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416:
192:
329:
116:
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377:
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are printed in Bliss's edition of that work. Finally he collected all the materials for Horace Walpole's
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Parochial Antiquities of Cambridgeshire, illustrated with drawings of Churches, Monuments, Arms, &c.
515:
239:
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119:, on 24 January 1733; and in April 1734 he obtained one of the Freeman scholarships in the college.
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Index to the Additional MSS., with those of the Egerton Collection, acquired in the years 1783–1835
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112:
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were printed in 1780, he supplied anecdotes of the early members. He was a frequent writer in the
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Cole's chief literary monument is the notable collection of manuscripts, extending to nearly 100
479:, while Willis's original copy is preserved, with his collections for the whole county, in the
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he sent a complete list of the chancellors of Ely, and afterwards several hints respecting his
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on his doctor's advice for six months, returning to college in May 1738. He also travelled to
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179:, Suffolk. In 1745, after being admitted to priest's orders, he was appointed chaplain to
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53:, known for his extensive manuscript collections on the history of Cambridgeshire and of
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In 1753 Cole quit the university on being presented by his early friend and patron,
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William (the son) received his early education in private schools at Cambridge,
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He published little, but left his manuscript volumes (over 100 of them) to the
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he contributed in 1772 some remarks; as he afterwards did respecting Gough's
328:, Bishop of Lincoln, on the presentation of Eton College, to the vicarage of
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from the windows of churches. On leaving Eton he was admitted a pensioner of
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261:, the chief points in view of them, with an oblique or transient view of an
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570:, Cambridge, but eventually he resolved to bequeath his collections to the
199:, and on 25 Aug in that year he was admitted to the freedom of the city of
423:. Having a large collection of engraved portraits, he was able to assist
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348:, under the steeple (now removed), which bore on its front his motto,
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Collections for an Athenae Cantabrigienses, alphabetically arranged,
324:, but he declined it. However, on 10 June 1774 he was instituted by
145:, registers of wills, and other manuscripts relating to the county.
772: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
665:. A portrait of him was also published in Malcolm's collection of
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460:, and he gave John Nichols biographical hints and corrections for
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28:
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Parochial Antiquities for the County of Huntingdon, with drawings
473:
History of the Hundreds of Newport and Cotslow in Buckinghamshire
332:, vacant through the death of his half-brother, Stephen Apthorp.
341:
1042:
Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. vi. 428, 3rd ser. i. 487, viii. 379
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About May 1770 he left the church and moved from Waterbeach to
518:, he wrote (2 March 1777) with reference to his manuscripts:
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commission of the peace for the borough of Cambridge. In 1772
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Parochial Antiquities for the County of Bucks, with drawings
625:
Topographical, Genealogical, and Miscellaneous Collections.
558:
volumes, in his own handwriting, which are now held by the
183:, in which office he was continued by the succeeding earl,
1045:
D'Israeli's Calamities of Authors (1812), i. 236, 271, 272
164:, lord-lieutenant of the county, appointed him one of his
1057:
Lipscomb's Buckinghamshire, ii. 39, iii. 214, iv. 24
614:
Collections relating to the University of Cambridge.
596:
whom Cole was personally acquainted, are printed in
206:In the same year he was collated to the rectory of
531:only a few months before his death, may be cited:
737:A Journal of my Journey to Paris in the Year 1765
648:Literary correspondence, chiefly in Add. MS 5824.
252:volumes. Cole wrote to Walpole on 17 March 1765:
72:his oddities, he was a worthy and valuable man".
320:, Bishop of Ely, offered him of the vicarage of
1104:Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London
994:Cambridge Antiquarian Communications, i. 49, 65
533:
520:
254:
1000:Warburton's Memoirs of Horace Walpole, ii. 359
795:. Vol. 11. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
657:A half-sheet print of Cole, from a drawing by
1026:Dyer's Hist, of Cambridge, i. 13, 14, ii. 198
278:Cole left Bletchley in November 1767, and on
8:
1054:Camden's Britannia, Cambs. (Gough), ii. 143*
982:Literary anecdotes of the eighteenth century
735:Cole, William (1931). Stokes, F. G. (ed.).
462:A Select Collection of Miscellaneous Poems,
1051:Ellis's Original Letters, 3rd ser. iv. 388
749:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
45:(3 August 1714 – 16 December 1782), was a
1109:People from South Cambridgeshire District
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168:, and in the same year he commenced M.A.
707:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
643:History of St. John's College, Cambridge
814:
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810:, who cited the following references:
806:The Article in the DNB was written by
742:
1060:Bromley's Cat. of Engraved Portraits.
1023:Cooper's Annals of Cambridge, iv. 406
608:History of King's College, Cambridge,
7:
1099:Deputy lieutenants of Cambridgeshire
1039:Baker's St. John's (Mayor), ii. 1142
703:W. M. Palmer and J. D. Pickles 2007
274:1767–1782: return to Cambridgeshire
1094:Alumni of Clare College, Cambridge
191:in 1747. In 1749 he was living at
25:
471:. He transcribed Browne Willis's
421:History of Corpus Christi College
407:; and was a major contributor to
187:. He was elected a fellow of the
162:Henry Bromley, 1st Baron Montfort
103:. From Saffron Walden he entered
913:Athenae Cantab. B. pt. i. f. 113
792:Dictionary of National Biography
767:
189:Society of Antiquaries of London
181:Thomas Hay, 7th Earl of Kinnoull
1084:People educated at Eton College
1036:Granger's Letters, p. 320;
997:Gent. Mag. lii. 599, lxxvi. 693
645:, with additions, Add. MS 5850.
566:thought of Eton College and of
451:Gentlemen's Society at Spalding
441:Anecdotes of British Topography
429:Biographical History of England
924:Olio of Biographical Anecdotes
501:Working methods and prejudices
483:, Oxford. His notes on Wood's
346:St Clement's Church, Cambridge
289:Charles Bonaventure Bedingfeld
1:
939:lxxxiv. pt. ii. pp. 307, 413.
257:which I have made towards an
638:, Add. MSS 5837, 5838, 5847.
632:, Add. MSS 5821, 5839, 5840.
621:, Add. MSS 5806, 5811, 5836.
491:of the Cambridge antiquary,
395:He wrote the account of the
722:A Cambridge Alumni Database
669:1805, and is reproduced in
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991:Nichols's Illustr. of Lit.
970:Add. MSS 5799, 5800, 5801.
871:, ed. Cunningham, iv. 329.
724:. University of Cambridge.
577:History of Queens' College
218:1753–1767: Buckinghamshire
68:– were published in 1931.
18:William Cole (antiquarian)
1048:Charity Reports, xxxi. 55
783:Cole, William (1714–1782)
610:4 vols, Add. MSS 5814–17.
529:History of King's College
512:History of King's College
259:History of Cambridgeshire
128:1735–1753: Cambridgeshire
1004:Horace Walpole's Letters
936:the Gentleman's Magazine
718:"Cole, William (CL732W)"
330:Burnham, Buckinghamshire
117:Clare College, Cambridge
76:Early life and education
1031:Biographical Dictionary
1014:Athenae Cantabrigienses
961:Add. MS 5817, fol. 194.
880:Add. MS 5824, fol. 36b.
802:References from the DNB
667:Letters to Mr. Granger,
263:Athenae Cantabrigienses
210:, Middlesex, by Bishop
705:William Cole of Milton
641:Transcript of Baker's
598:Samuel Egerton Brydges
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34:
821:Add. MS 5808, fol. 58
514:to Horace Walpole at
240:Roman Catholic church
32:
1089:English antiquarians
1018:Charles Henry Cooper
858:, 2nd ser., iv. 483.
465:Anecdotes of Hogarth
457:Gentleman's Magazine
445:Sepulchral Monuments
397:School of Pythagoras
226:, to the rectory of
675:Literary Anecdotes.
469:History of Hinckley
344:. He was buried in
978:Cole's MSS. passim
661:, was engraved by
485:Athenae Oxonienses
166:deputy lieutenants
35:
1020:, vol. i. preface
427:in preparing his
84:, a village near
80:Cole was born in
16:(Redirected from
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541:Personal life
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439:. To Gough's
438:
434:
430:
426:
425:James Granger
422:
418:
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409:James Bentham
406:
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401:Francis Grose
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386:Richard Gough
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1030:
986:John Nichols
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826:
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762:Attribution:
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736:
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671:John Nichols
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629:
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493:Thomas Baker
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390:Alban Butler
382:John Nichols
366:Michael Lort
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318:Edmund Keene
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177:Withersfield
173:Alban Butler
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105:Eton College
94:
79:
70:
59:
38:William Cole
37:
36:
33:William Cole
26:
1079:1782 deaths
1074:1714 births
1029:Chalmers's
952:, i. 667 n.
550:Collections
405:Antiquities
362:Thomas Gray
306:Oxfordshire
197:Isle of Ely
143:court rolls
1068:Categories
988:i. 657–701
680:References
326:John Green
285:Waterbeach
948:Nichols,
904:. f. 51 b
867:Walpole,
781:(1887). "
745:cite book
739:. London.
653:Portraits
602:Restituta
350:Deum Cole
322:Madingley
228:Bletchley
193:Haddenham
90:Cambridge
66:Bletchley
51:antiquary
295:bank at
280:Lady Day
155:Scotland
113:in trick
86:Babraham
922:Davis,
869:Letters
854:Ellis,
789:(ed.).
776::
356:Network
208:Hornsey
201:Glasgow
195:in the
785:". In
663:Facius
388:, and
313:Milton
185:George
151:Lisbon
123:Career
99:, and
97:Linton
1033:x. 22
556:folio
431:. To
336:Death
250:folio
751:link
510:the
489:Life
467:and
342:gout
297:Over
600:'s
411:'s
403:'s
42:FSA
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1006:(
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604:.
496:.
20:)
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