528:
criteria there are no readily apparent means of determining who is a member. As to the definition of the
Communist Party as an organization '* * * substantially directed, dominated or controlled by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or its satellities' it is contended there are no standards as to what is a 'satellite.' In regard to the definition of both Communist Party and Communist front organization as an organization which '* * * in any manner advocates, or acts to further, the world communist movement' appellants point to the failure to define the 'world communist movement' as creating vagueness. The answers given to these and possibly other problems of construction and interpretation arising under the definitions in Sections 2-4 will determine the ultimate scope of the Act.
682:
560:
613:(U. S. Code, tit. 50, § 842) which declared that the Communist Party is "not entitled to any of the rights, privileges, and immunities attendant upon legal bodies created under the jurisdiction of the laws of the United States or any political subdivision thereof; and whatever rights, privileges and immunities which have heretofore been granted to said party or any subsidiary organization by reason of the laws of the United States or any political subdivision thereof are terminated". We take that plain declaration and its absolute language to mean what it says.
31:
891:'s late years to injure those he disliked. Cointelpro has had less public attention than C.I.A. illegalities and abuses. But in a way was a special horror: an effort by the American Government to set Americans against each other... The need for openness is one lesson of Cointelpro. The other is the need for officials to respect the law. In the case of William Albertson, officials took it upon themselves to punish someone who had violated no law. His views were unpopular. But the principle we treasure in the Constitution, Justice
216:
453:
808:
487:, while driving with his wife and two children" by the FBI. The FBI also arrested Nelson, "accused by the House Committee on Un-American Activities of setting up a Red cell at the University of California. Radiation Laboratory, during World War II and obtaining atomic secrets for Russia." In November 1952, his trial started in Pittsburgh. In August 1953, he was convicted under the
269:
790:
The expulsion of WILLIAM ALBTERSON has presented the CP with a complex series of problems. There was a great deal of concern over the amount and quality of the information he presumably furnished to the FBI, and they discussed the steps they must take to minimize the damage. The leaders are concerned
753:
Next day, Albertson stated, "I was framed by the FBI." He announced, "I never was, I am not now, and I never will be any kind of a police agent." He asserted, "The history of the F.B.I. shows that they will frame anyone if it suits a particular objective." An FBI spokesman had "no comment whatsoever"
527:
These definitions are challenged by the appellants as void for vagueness. The definition of a
Communist as '* * * a member of the communist party, notwithstanding the fact that he may not pay dues to, or hold a card in, said party * * *' is said to be vague since once dues and cards are eliminated as
932:
On June 19, 1932, Albertson married
Francene (Francine) Schneeberg in Brooklyn, from whom he separated on April 5, 1953; they had two sons. On June 10, 1955, he married Lillian ("Lillie") B. Lewis; she had joined the Party in 1948. In December 1961, they were living in a first-floor flat in Brooklyn
523:
Section 5 of the Act requires the registration of
Communists, the Communist Party and Communist front organizations, and Section 7 prevents them from appearing on any ballot in the State. 'Communist,' 'Communist Party,' and 'Communist front organization' are given a statutory meaning by the Michigan
902:
In 1977, Donner filed an administrative damages claim for
Alberton's widow. By 1984, the ACLU filed a lawsuit for damages on her behalf: its resolution took 14 years. First, the government tried to have the case dismissed on national security grounds: both a federal district court and the Court of
745:
that "Because the facts accumulated remove every shadow of doubt that
Albertson lived a life o duplicity and treachery–posing as a dedicated defender of the workers' interests while in actuality betraying them–the Communist Party of New York State has expelled him." The news story was big enough to
538:
We deem it appropriate in this case that the state courts construe this statute before the
District Court further considers the action. See Rescue Army v. Municipal Court of City of Los Angeles, 1947, 331 U.S. 549, 67 S.Ct. 1409, 91 L.Ed. 1666; American Federation of Labor v. Watson, 1946, 327 U.S.
591:
Two separate but related questions arise in this consolidated proceeding. We are first to decide whether, on the theory that his employment by the
Communist Parties (N. Y. and U. S. A.) was not "covered employment", respondent Albertson is ineligible for unemployment insurance benefits. Second, we
547:
On
September 13, 1957, D. Malcom Anderson, U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Pennsylvania, asked U.S. District Judge to dismiss the indictment against five of the six Party leaders, including Steve Nelson and William Albertson, following discovery that one of the principal witnesses in the
519:
and
William Albertson, its Executive Secretary, filed a complaint in the United States District Court or the Eastern District of Michigan. Sections 2-5, inclusive, and Section 7 of the Act were alleged to violate various provisions of the Federal Constitution. A declaratory judgment to that effect
798:
The "snitch jacket" also asked the FBI for a raise, leading the Party to believe that Albertson he had been a paid FBI informer: as a result, the Party withdrew its scholarship for the Albertson's son. "Over a period of months, Albertson and his wife were the subjects of crank calls and personal
874:
It was a report to bureau officials, dated Jan. 6, 1965, that said a high functionary of the Communist Party had been expelled "through our counterintelligence efforts." The name of the "functionary" was deleted at the beginning ginning of the document. But, perhaps through clerical error in the
530:
Interpretation of state legislation is primarily the function of state authorities, judicial and administrative. The construction given to a state statute by the state courts is binding upon federal courts. There has been no interpretation of this statute by the state courts. The absence of such
542:
The judgment is vacated and the cause remanded to the District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan with directions to vacate the restraining order it issued and to hold the proceedings in abeyance a reasonable time pending construction of the statute by the state courts either in pending
617:
Therefore, the Appeals Court denied Albertson's claim. The dissenting vote stated "the Communist Party is subject to registration and taxation as an employer under the Unemployment Insurance Law. And, that being so, it follows that the Appellate Division was also correct in holding, in the
714:. It was our intentional to place Albertson in the unenviable position of being suspected as an FBI informant through the use of a planted bogus informant report prepared by the Laboratory in Albertson's handwriting on paper used by him with a ballpoint pen of the type he uses.
919:
I do not know of any previous lawsuit in which the Government has agreed to make a payment to a victim of Mr. Hoover's illegal harassment. His program, known as Cointelpro, used anonymous letters and other devices to destroy the lives of civil rights workers as well as
415:
reported, "A former undercover agent for the Federal Bureau of Investigation testified today that Henry A. Wallace once conferred with two well known Pittsburgh Communists about support for his third-party Presidential campaign. Matthew Cvetic was the agent. He told the
388:
In 1947, Albertson returned to Pittsburgh as Organizational Secretary of the CPUSA's District 5 (Western Pennsylvania). That same year, his name appeared in an appendix of principal officers of the national Communist Party under "National review board" as secretary.
534:
There is pending in the Circuit Court for Wayne County, Michigan, a bill seeking a declaratory judgment that the Act is unconstitutional, both on federal and state grounds. That action is being held in abeyance pending our mandate and decision in this case.
709:
My memorandum dated 6/12/64 was approved, authorizing a unique counterintelligence operation calculated to cast suspicion on Communist Party (CP) National Committee member and Executive Secretary of the New York District Organization,
2843:
600:
We agree with the Appellate Division that Albertson is not to be denied an unemployment insurance award solely because part of his base period of employment was with the Communist organizations. Nothing was proven beyond that bare
696:
At approximately 1:00 AM 6/25/64, ALBERTSON was return to his automobile by in car. At 3:30 AM, after locating car, agents gained entry to this vehicle and place the informant report in the front seat where ALBERTSON had been
718:
The June 30 document explains that the FBI had chosen Albertson because he was "considered one of the most efficient and capable functionaries." According to the June 30 document, the bogus document had already reached
791:
over the effect this will have on the membership and some members apparently have doubts that the Party chose the best course of action in this matter. It is difficult to overestimate the damage that has been caused.
520:
was sought, along with an injunction to prevent state officials and officers from enforcing the Act. A three-judge District Court, 106 F.Supp. 635, found the Act constitutional and an appeal was taken to this Court.
592:
must determine whether the Industrial Commissioner was legally justified in suspending the registration of the Communist Parties themselves as "employers" within the meaning of the Unemployment Insurance Law.
406:
named "William Albertson, district secretary of the Communist Party in western Pennsylvania." Cvetic managed to work his testimony into an attack on former U.S. Vice President and presidential candidate
3011:
765:
William Albertson was a New York Communist party functionary. A dedicated Marxist since his youth, he was also a hardworking, effective party leader and as such became a prime target for the CPUSA
649:
because the information which party members were required to submit could form the basis of their prosecution for being party members, which was then a crime, and therefore deprived them of their
2986:
2614:
239:). On February 10, 1911, arrived in Philadelphia with his mother, Esther Dashevsky, from whom he received derivative citizenship (June 29, 1927). Starting in 1923, he attended
689:
On June 25, 1964, the FBI planted a fake document ("like an informant's report") with a forged signature of Albertson's to make the Party believe he was an FBI informant.
2808:
911:
In October 1989, the Federal government agreed to pay Albertson's widow $ 170,000 to settle her claims out of court for a lawsuit against the FBI. Anthony Lewis of the
654:
1108:
2596:
958:
637:
630:
794:
As of this writing there continue to be new developments. A more comprehensive summary will be made of the ALBERTSON expulsion at the time of the next monthly letter.
2850:
642:
2971:
346:
2901:
2007:
868:
The truth came out by ironic mischance. Last year, a journalist asked the F.B.I. for documents about its past efforts to disrupt white hate groups such as the
2864:
2981:
2676:
472:
3001:
2991:
2751:
830:
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for conspiring to advocate violent overthrow of the U.S. government. He received a five-year prison. He served 60 days in jail for contempt of court.
572:
564:
316:
2996:
2976:
2829:
2195:
2191:
2179:
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2096:
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By 1932, Albertson had moved to New York City, where he lived until 1947. He worked there as a labor union official and organizer through 1940.
618:
proceeding instituted by the respondent Albertson, that he had met all qualifications under the law and was entitled to unemployment benefits."
361:: "ALBERTSON, WILLIAM: Communist Party functionary; organizer Food Wkrs. Indust. Un.") During the same period, he supported the candidacy of
2780:
417:
331:
312:
3006:
441:
referred to Albertson several times, in part because Kennedy had filed petitions to force Albertson and others to register as Party members.
282:
On January 15, 1931, Albertson was to serve as secretary of a "Provisional Anti-War Youth Committee" of New York State to hold a rally for a
335:
468:
to "intern" Albertson and Nelson among eleven western Pennsylvanian Party officials as "dangerous to the best interests of our country."
1070:
646:
2402:
571:
In 1960, Albertson sued for unemployment insurance for work for the Communist Party. Albertson won in court, but the case went to the
457:
1240:
2000:
1737:
1700:
1035:
428:
251:. In 1929, he was expelled for activities with the university's "Liberal Club" for organizing a meeting in support of labor leader
248:
2887:
2801:
368:
In 1943, he served a year as labor secretary of the national CPUSA and also as member of the Party's New York State Committee.
196:
2605:
2563:
1292:"Reds Hail Candidate for Vice Presidency: 200 at Coney Island Rally Give Ten-Minute Ovation to Negro Nominee of Communists".
857:
435:
1341:
681:
2650:
559:
539:
582, 66 S.Ct. 761, 90 L.Ed. 873; and Spector Motor Service v. McLaughlin, 1944, 323 U.S. 101, 65 S.Ct. 152, 89 L.Ed. 101.
531:
construction stems from the fact this action in federal court was commenced only five days after the statute became law.
2961:
1993:
350:
948:: Report Delivered By William Albertson at the New York State Convention, Communist Party, November 26–28, 1959 (1959)
2726:
2465:
495:
1764:
2966:
2922:
983:
610:
286:
Memorial and Anti-War Demonstration at the Star Casono at Park Avenue and 117 Street in Manhattan; CPUSA executive
188:
111:
852:
wrote an article called "A Cointel Story," that related the fake document story. The article cited an article by
30:
2929:
2758:
2242:
516:
769:. The Bureau "neutrlized" Albertson by planting what appeared to be an FBI informant's report in his automobile.
685:
Redacted FBI policy manual on use of informants, which Albertson was branded following the FBI's "snitch jacket"
2815:
2787:
2733:
2684:
515:
On April 17, 1952, the Governor of Michigan signed the Michigan Communist Control Bill. On April 22, 1952, the
244:
220:
85:
924:
In the process, Alberton's widow received more than 30,000 pages of FBI documents about the Albertson family.
1928:
1789:
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2668:
2632:
2577:
2528:
1266:
963:
579:
and Anna Vladeck of Vladeck, Raskin & Clark) and Sylvan H. Elias. Representing the Communist Party was
421:
305:
200:
122:
2693:
2472:
2444:
1815:
291:
2894:
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2437:
2355:
1894:
978:
853:
295:
272:
1307:"7 ClO Directors Communists: Dies Quiz Told Ex-Party Chief Says Soviets Held Family To Seal His Lips".
730:." The Party announced the expulsion on the final eighth page of its midweek edition of its newspaper,
452:
215:
2956:
2951:
2542:
2338:
1144:"7 ClO Directors Communists: Dies Quiz Told Ex-Party Chief Says Soviets Held Family To Seal His Lips"
892:
240:
2822:
2016:
1898:
1660:
973:
819:
702:
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as Industrial Commissioner represented the Appellant. The court summarized the appeal as follows:
484:
424:, who would face arrest with Albertson and four other third-tier Party leaders the following year.
420:
that he himself was one of the pair of well-known Communist party members." Cvetic also named both
375:
1198:
1109:"Outlasting the F.B.I., a Determined Widow Restores Her Husband's Reputation as a Loyal Communist"
2915:
2623:
2514:
2486:
2226:
895:
said, is "not free thought for those who agree with us but freedom for the thought that we hate."
650:
392:
In 1950, the Party transferred him as Trade Union Secretary of the CPUSA's District 7 (Detroit).
1544:
838:
1419:
2872:
2836:
2500:
2322:
2298:
2258:
2159:
2076:
2040:
1733:
1696:
1337:
1194:
ALBERTSON, William - FBI HQ file 65-38100 covering period from July 1951 through December 1990
1031:
465:
438:
358:
287:
1954:
1201:–11 (bio), 89 (1951 arrest), 394 (separation), 500 (2nd marriage), 2098–2101 (bogus document)
371:
In 1944, he served a year as vice president of the Brooklyn Communist Political Association.
2535:
2521:
2423:
2409:
2388:
2250:
2218:
1418:. Committee on Un-American Activities, U.S. House of Representatives. October 1949. p.
408:
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2416:
2274:
2123:
1625:
888:
807:
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which included Albertson and five others. who soon found themselves indicted by a federal
339:
283:
1979:
1443:. United States Congress - House Committee on Un-American Activities. 1950. p. 1250
1441:"Hearings Regarding Shipment of Atomic Material to the Soviet Union during World War II"
1192:
575:
on March 28. Representing him were Stephen C. Vladeck and Judith P. Vladeck (parents of
2641:
2458:
2282:
1868:
1522:
1413:
327:
232:
334:
named Albertson in a list of Party directors and seven out of 40 CIO directors of the
2945:
2570:
2507:
2479:
2346:
2314:
2266:
2234:
2139:
1924:
1656:
849:
576:
431:
revoked the passports of Albertson and several other leaders of the Communist Party.
396:
395:
In the 1950s and 1960s, Albertson was a prominent national Party official, based in
2556:
2549:
2374:
2306:
2290:
2187:
2171:
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1603:
869:
733:
727:
584:
362:
1143:
1816:"Released under the John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection Act of 1992"
1727:
1690:
1440:
1025:
199:, which was only discovered posthumously in 1975. His widow made an out-of-court
2430:
2395:
815:
665:
580:
403:
323:
824:"possibly cause her embarrassment or tarnish her image with the general public"
464:
On July 23, 1950, a Pittsburgh Common Pleas Court asked State Attorney General
268:
2908:
2794:
2451:
1388:
968:
899:
That same year, Donner showed Alberton's wife (by then, widow) the FBI files.
884:
811:
766:
476:
385:
In 1946, Albertson served as Assistant National Labor Secretary of the CPUSA.
252:
2844:
List of Communist Party USA members who have held office in the United States
726:
On July 7, 1964, the Party expelled Albertson and his wife and called him a "
641:
that persons (in this case, William Albertson) believed to be members of the
471:
On August 17, 1951, the FBI held a fourth roundup of Party leaders since the
936:
Albertson died aged 61 in 1972 from an accidental fall that broke his neck.
903:
Appeals (District of Columbia Circuit) rejected the government's arguments.
814:
went after Albertson (here, a memo proposing to expose pregnancy of actress
737:, following a "thorough investigation" based on "irrefutable evidence." The
488:
187:(May 7, 1910 – February 19, 1972) was a 20th-century American leader in the
152:
142:
2330:
2088:
834:
720:
374:
In 1945, Albertson's name appeared among many others assembled by Father
236:
192:
1985:
1389:"The Problem of American Communism in 1945: Facts and Recommendations"
228:
54:
1343:
The Red Network: A Who's Who and Handbook Of Radicalism for Patriots
380:
The Problem of American Communism in 1945: Facts and Recommendations
355:
The Red Network: A Who's Who and Handbook of Radicalism for Patriots
1899:"Let Him Wear a Wolf's Head: What the FBI Did to William Albertson"
1842:"Frank J. Donner Is Dead at 82: A Lawyer in Civil Liberties Cases"
1372:"6 More Red Leaders Rounded Up; One Was Linked to Atomic Spying".
806:
799:
harassment tactics. They were forced to change jobs and to move."
680:
558:
451:
304:
In 1932, Albertson stood as Party candidate for the senate of the
267:
243:
in Pittsburgh. In September 1927, he began pre-med studies at the
214:
1692:
Spying on America: The FBI's Domestic Counterintelligence Program
773:
The FBI followed the fallout, as related in a July 1964 report:
1989:
1581:"U.S. Drops Retrials for Nelson and Five Others on Smith Act".
1241:"High-Ranking Communist Here Ousted by Party as 'Police Agent'"
35:
FBI mugshot of William Albertson (ca. 1951 around 41 years old)
1027:
The Dangers of Dissent: The FBI and Civil Liberties since 1965
875:
release, it was left in farther down. The name was Albertson.
872:. When the papers were released, one was on another subject.
1492:"Steve Nelson Among 6 Seized in 4th Roundup of Communists".
883:
The Albertson story is one small example of what went on in
645:
could not be required to register as party members with the
345:
In 1942, he served a year as secretary and treasurer of the
1394:. A Confidential Study for Private Circulation. p. 111
338:(CIO) union. On October 17, 1939, former Party co-founder
723:, secretary general of the Party, who was most concerned.
279:
In 1927, Albertson joined the Communist Party of the USA.
191:
who battled federal and state courts, and who in 1964 was
860:(ACLU) in a forthcoming in the April–May issue of ACLU's
365:
for governor of New York on the Communist Party ticket.
543:
litigation or other litigation which may be instituted.
3012:
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States
2615:
Communist Party v. Subversive Activities Control Board
915:
again commented in an article called "Rule of Law?":
1982:
covering period from July 1951 through December 1990
1107:
Kunen, James S.; Spiedel, Maria (20 November 1989).
1071:"FBI pays $ 170,000 in damages to Communist's widow"
833:
revealed the FBI's 1964 act. The FOIA applicant was
596:
On May 26, 1960, came the verdict. On the one hand:
434:
In a June 1, 1963, report on subversive activities,
2772:
2743:
2711:
2704:
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2366:
2210:
2115:
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174:
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61:
40:
21:
512:Argued: Feb. 2, 1953. --- Decided: March 16, 1953
483:detailed his arrest: Albertson was arrested near
1604:"Matter of Albertson (Lubin) 8 N.Y. 2d 77 (1960)"
655:Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution
635:On November 15, 1965, the Supreme Court ruled in
399:, where he became state Party secretary in 1958.
2987:People convicted under the Espionage Act of 1917
2597:Albertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board
959:Albertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board
662:Albertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board
638:Albertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board
631:Albertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board
624:Albertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board
567:(interior 2009) heard a case involving Albertson
311:In 1934, Albertson stood as Party candidate for
121:Lawsuit against US Government for damages under
881:
775:
643:Communist Party of the United States of America
1765:"Expelled Red Charges He Was Framed by F.B.I."
1267:"Anti-War Youth Will Hold Meet at Star Casino"
347:Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees Union
227:William Albertson was born on May 7, 1910, in
2001:
829:In 1975, an FBI document released under the
672:COINTELPRO, posthumous litigation, settlement
8:
1019:
326:, former Party official and witness for the
1566:"U.S. Drops Charges Against Steve Nelson".
1545:"Albertson v. Millard, 345 U.S. 242 (1953)"
1523:"Albertson v. Millard, 345 U.S. 242 (1953)"
1477:"Red Interning Asked by Pittsburgh Judge".
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
761:and worked as follows in Alberston's case:
2708:
2029:
2008:
1994:
1986:
1758:
1756:
1732:. W.W. Norton & Company. p. 444.
1695:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 48.
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1626:"Communist Party Oral Histories: John Abt"
1415:100 Things You Should Know about Communism
1346:. Elizabeth Dilling (private). p. 271
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
29:
18:
1980:ALBERTSON, William - FBI HQ file 65-38100
1721:
1719:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
573:Court of Appeals of the State of New York
565:Court of Appeals of the State of New York
2830:Left Wing Section of the Socialist Party
1729:J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets
1684:
1682:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1387:Cronin, John Francis (29 October 1945).
1234:
1232:
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1228:
1226:
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1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1102:
1100:
1098:
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1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
524:Legislature. Mich. Acts 1952, No. 117.
378:in a privately circulated report called
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
995:
460:heard several cases involving Albertson
275:named Albertson as Party member in 1939
2781:American Committee for Spanish Freedom
1955:"The Papers of Elizabeth Gurley Flynn"
1322:"Clash Over Reds Marks Dies Inquiry".
1069:Anderson, David E. (26 October 1989).
701:A June 30 document filed by the FBI's
609:In so doing, he could not ignore the
418:House Un-American Activities Committee
317:New York's 17th congressional district
2972:Cold War history of the United States
1462:"Wallace Accused of Asking Red Aid".
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
353:. (In 1934, his name had appeared in
7:
692:FBI files record for June 24, 1964:
336:Congress of Industrial Organizations
1024:Greenberg, Ivan (14 October 2010).
746:merit two separate articles in the
647:Subversive Activities Control Board
342:named Albertson as a Party leader.
134:Supreme Court law suits in his name
2982:Members of the Communist Party USA
1790:"Red Leader Denounced As Informer"
705:and Fred J. Baumgardner explains:
458:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
3002:Accidental deaths in Pennsylvania
2992:20th-century American politicians
1689:Davis, James Kirkpatrick (1992).
249:Young Communist League of America
2902:Relations with African Americans
1905:. American Civil Liberties Union
1585:. 14 September 1953. p. 38.
1030:. Lexington Books. p. 257.
2997:University of Pittsburgh alumni
2977:Communist Party USA politicians
1867:Weisberger, Bernard A. (1995).
1840:Lambert, Bruce (11 June 1993).
1570:. 14 September 1953. p. 8.
1197:. FBI. December 1990. pp.
887:, the covert F.B.I. prcgram of
757:The tactic is called placing a
668:'s "greatest legal victories."
445:Arrest and first Supreme Court
197:Federal Bureau of Investigation
2606:Aptheker v. Secretary of State
1929:"Abroad at Home: Rule of Law?"
1763:Illson, Murray (9 July 1964).
1466:. 23 February 1950. p. 4.
1326:. 18 October 1939. p. 15.
1239:Illson, Murray (8 July 1964).
858:American Civil Liberties Union
754:about Albertson's allegation.
1:
2888:San Francisco Workers' School
2651:Keyishian v. Board of Regents
1496:. 18 August 1948. p. A1.
818:, financial supporter of the
611:Federal Communist Control Act
494:Albertson's case reached the
3007:Accidental deaths from falls
1511:. 24 August 1951. p. 8.
1376:. 18 August 1951. p. 1.
1311:. 1 October 1939. p. 2.
1073:. United Press International
548:1953 trial "may have lied."
502:United States Supreme Court
351:American Federation of Labor
1875:. American Heritage Society
1525:. Wikisource. 16 March 1953
1481:. 24 July 1950. p. 24.
1273:. 4 January 1931. p. 3
946:Gear the Party to Mass Work
554:Matter of Albertson (Lubin)
517:Communist Party of Michigan
496:United States Supreme Court
3028:
2923:Young Communist League USA
984:Communist Party of the USA
831:Freedom of Information Act
628:
247:. In 1928, he joined the
189:Communist Party of the USA
112:Communist Party of the USA
95:Party executive and leader
2930:Young Pioneers of America
1507:"Six Reds Are Indicted".
741:quoted the conclusion of
427:On January 22, 1962, the
223:, where Albertson studied
28:
2816:International Publishers
2788:Bill of Rights socialism
2685:Watkins v. United States
1796:. 8 July 1964. p. 9
498:, whose opinion stated:
245:University of Pittsburgh
221:University of Pittsburgh
86:University of Pittsburgh
2858:New York Workers School
2669:Scales v. United States
2633:Dennis v. United States
1547:. Justia. 16 March 1953
964:Steve Nelson (activist)
928:Personal life and death
402:In 1950, FBI informant
306:New York State Assembly
123:Federal Tort Claims Act
2809:English-language press
2694:Yates v. United States
2473:Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
2445:Shirley Graham Du Bois
2354:Rossana Cambron &
2221:(1919–1920; 1922–1927)
922:
897:
879:Lewis then commented:
877:
862:Civil Liberties Review
826:
796:
771:
716:
699:
686:
615:
603:
594:
568:
545:
508:ALBERTSON v. MILLARD
461:
276:
224:
2895:Soviet Negro Republic
2802:Communist Labor Party
2660:Noto v. United States
2438:Benjamin J. Davis Jr.
2251:L. E. Katterfeld
2219:C. E. Ruthenberg
1903:Civl Liberties Review
1726:Gentry, Curt (2001).
1628:. New York University
1606:. Leagle. 26 May 1960
1146:. Political Graveyard
917:
866:
810:
803:Posthumous litigation
763:
707:
694:
684:
607:
598:
589:
562:
500:
455:
436:U.S. Attorney General
273:Joseph Zack Kornfeder
271:
218:
2851:National conventions
2543:William L. Patterson
447:Albertson v. Millard
322:On October 1, 1939,
315:Representative from
241:Schenley High School
2962:American communists
2823:Language federation
2018:Communist Party USA
1927:(26 October 1989).
1821:. FBI. 9 April 2015
974:William C. Sullivan
820:Black Panther Party
703:William C. Sullivan
485:Flat Rock, Michigan
376:John Francis Cronin
16:American politician
2916:Yokinen Show Trial
2624:De Jonge v. Oregon
2515:Antoinette Konikow
2487:Dorothy Ray Healey
2227:Alfred Wagenknecht
1897:(April–May 1976).
1338:Dilling, Elizabeth
864:. Lewis related:
837:law correspondent
827:
687:
651:self-incrimination
569:
473:Foley Square Trial
462:
277:
225:
2967:American Marxists
2939:
2938:
2865:Non-English press
2837:Lincoln Battalion
2768:
2767:
2564:Charles E. Taylor
2501:Oakley C. Johnson
2382:William Albertson
2367:Prominent members
2323:William Z. Foster
2299:William Z. Foster
2269:(1922; 1927–1929)
2259:William Weinstone
2206:
2205:
2116:Vice Presidential
2077:Charlene Mitchell
2041:William Z. Foster
1873:American Heritage
1869:"The FBI Unbound"
1661:"A Cointel Story"
1659:(29 March 1976).
1111:. People Magazine
781:WILLIAM ALBERTSON
712:William Albertson
653:rights under the
466:J. Howard McGrath
439:Robert F. Kennedy
359:Elizabeth Dilling
288:William Weinstone
203:in 1989 with the
185:William Albertson
182:
181:
100:Years active
65:February 19, 1972
23:William Albertson
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743:The Daily Worker
429:State Department
409:Henry A. Wallace
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170:Lillie Albertson
159:Criminal penalty
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759:"snitch jacket"
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552:New York State
529:
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340:Benjamin Gitlow
266:
264:Communist Party
261:
219:Aerial view of
213:
207:for $ 170,000.
205:U.S. Government
178:Peter Albertson
149:Criminal charge
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2529:Steve Nelson
2403:John Bernard
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2375:Bernard Ades
2307:Earl Browder
2291:Abram Jakira
2188:Angela Davis
2172:Jarvis Tyner
2061:Earl Browder
2033:Presidential
1959:. Retrieved
1949:
1937:. Retrieved
1935:. p. 27
1932:
1919:
1907:. Retrieved
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1848:. p. 28
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1770:. p. 10
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1667:. p. 29
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1271:Daily Worker
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1075:. Retrieved
1041:. Retrieved
1026:
979:Frank Donner
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130:Notable work
67:(1972-02-19)
2957:1972 deaths
2952:1910 births
2431:Anne Burlak
2396:Max Bedacht
2349:(2014–2019)
2341:(2000–2014)
2333:(1959–2000)
2325:(1945–1957)
2317:(1945–1959)
2309:(1934–1945)
2301:(1929–1934)
2293:(1922–1923)
2285:(1921–1922)
2277:(1921–1922)
2261:(1921–1922)
2245:(late 1920)
2237:(1920–1921)
2229:(1919–1921)
1247:. p. 1
816:Jean Seberg
666:John J. Abt
664:was one of
581:John J. Abt
404:Matt Cvetic
324:Joseph Zack
74:Nationality
51:May 7, 1910
2946:Categories
2909:Ware Group
2795:Browderism
2588:Litigation
2452:Bella Dodd
990:References
969:COINTELPRO
907:Settlement
885:Cointelpro
839:Carl Stern
812:COINTELPRO
767:COINTELPRO
750:that day.
677:COINTELPRO
477:grand jury
411:. As the
349:Local 16,
332:U.S. House
284:Liebknecht
253:Tom Mooney
211:Background
201:settlement
47:1910-05-07
920:radicals.
605:However:
489:Smith Act
296:Gil Green
235:, now in
153:Smith Act
143:Communism
82:Education
2727:Maryland
2356:Joe Sims
2339:Sam Webb
2331:Gus Hall
2089:Gus Hall
2026:Nominees
1961:20 April
1939:14 April
1909:15 April
1879:15 April
1852:15 April
1825:15 April
1800:15 April
1774:15 April
1745:12 April
1708:12 April
1671:14 April
1632:15 April
1610:15 April
1551:15 April
1529:15 April
1447:15 April
1425:15 April
1350:15 April
1340:(1934).
1277:18 April
1251:12 April
1205:15 April
1150:15 April
1115:12 April
1077:12 April
1043:12 April
953:See also
835:NBC News
721:Gus Hall
660:Winning
175:Children
139:Movement
108:Employer
77:American
2752:Alabama
2744:Defunct
2720:Georgia
2712:Current
2211:Leaders
1398:26 July
856:of the
697:seated.
479:. The
330:of the
294:leader
237:Ukraine
195:by the
162:60 days
2759:Hawaii
2253:(1921)
1957:. Gale
1736:
1699:
1034:
893:Holmes
259:Career
229:Odessa
193:framed
167:Spouse
55:Odessa
2734:Texas
1819:(PDF)
1392:(PDF)
940:Works
739:Times
601:fact.
313:House
2196:1984
2192:1980
2180:1976
2176:1972
2164:1968
2152:1940
2148:1936
2144:1932
2132:1928
2128:1924
2105:1984
2101:1980
2097:1976
2093:1972
2081:1968
2069:1940
2065:1936
2053:1932
2049:1928
2045:1924
1963:2018
1941:2018
1911:2018
1881:2018
1854:2018
1827:2018
1802:2018
1776:2018
1747:2018
1734:ISBN
1710:2018
1697:ISBN
1673:2018
1634:2018
1612:2018
1553:2018
1531:2018
1449:2018
1427:2018
1400:2017
1352:2018
1279:2022
1253:2018
1207:2018
1152:2018
1117:2018
1079:2018
1045:2018
1032:ISBN
732:The
563:The
456:The
290:and
62:Died
41:Born
583:.
357:by
292:YCL
2948::
2194:;
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1755:^
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2009:e
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45:(
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