761:
1693:
1707:
231:
262:
The
Tuskegee Airmen had a successful mission escorting bombers on a bombing mission over St. Polten, Austria April 1, 1945. Returning to base, the American planes were attacked by German fighter planes. The Tuskegee airmen broke away to take on the German fighter planes. The Tuskegee airmen were able
333:
He was born in
Washington D.C., but he his mother Evelyn, and his sister Evelyn moved to Providence, Rhode Island where his grandfather lived. His mother married Nelson Venter. The city of Providence has erected a memorial to Armstrong in Providence Rhode Island at the intersection of Dodge and
253:
On Easter Sunday April 1, 1945, he was among a group of
Tuskegee airmen escorting bombers back to their base. The Tuskegee airmen were attacked by a group of German fighters and Armstrong's plane was one of two American planes shot down. His body was not recovered.
621:
The red markings that distinguished the
Tuskegee Airmen included red bands on the noses of P-51s as well as a red rudder; their P-51B and D Mustangs flew with similar color schemes, with red propeller spinners, yellow wing bands and all-red tail
37:
1763:
1773:
275:
After the war his stepfather petitioned the military to keep searching for
William Armstrong's body. The Military found his remains buried in a grave in Austria and his body was flown back to Rhode Island in 1950.
1758:
1778:
306:
1743:
1768:
301:
702:
263:
to shoot down 12 of the German fighter planes, but two P-51s were shot down. Armstrong's plane crashed into the ground, his body was not recovered.
1668:
635:
103:
760:
1576:
740:
534:
467:
1653:
913:
353:
1673:
1753:
838:
648:
1617:
589:
795:
428:
579:
1612:
1054:
898:
848:
695:
526:
1561:
1678:
1422:
125:
1427:
1234:
923:
663:
1432:
858:
285:
1748:
1697:
1632:
873:
790:
688:
295:
170:
75:
1637:
1540:
1169:
863:
800:
348:
1491:
1364:
1269:
918:
735:
730:
239:
391:
1179:
1069:
1014:
1004:
948:
780:
725:
556:
238:
After his graduation (September 8, 1944) from the
Tuskegee Institute in Alabama he was assigned to the
1738:
1733:
1533:
1417:
1398:
1264:
1199:
1029:
823:
785:
343:
1571:
1456:
1412:
1334:
1324:
1259:
1219:
1119:
1109:
1084:
1079:
1059:
833:
750:
639:
243:
151:
1592:
1507:
1289:
1239:
1229:
1184:
1174:
1149:
1144:
989:
984:
888:
843:
818:
745:
321:
290:
247:
164:
1607:
1602:
1566:
1374:
1319:
1224:
1204:
1154:
1129:
1124:
1049:
999:
979:
878:
828:
585:
522:
1349:
1344:
1329:
1139:
1134:
1099:
1074:
1019:
974:
969:
943:
933:
893:
883:
202:
190:
1711:
1663:
1658:
1627:
1622:
1499:
1369:
1274:
1094:
1089:
1044:
1024:
994:
964:
928:
903:
711:
450:
234:
The
Tuskegee Airmen's aircraft had distinctive markings that led to the name, "Red Tails."
206:
1597:
1379:
1354:
1284:
1194:
1164:
1114:
1104:
1039:
1009:
959:
264:
1727:
1464:
1384:
1359:
1254:
1249:
1214:
1209:
1034:
954:
938:
853:
775:
210:
1339:
1314:
1299:
1279:
908:
868:
644:
214:
198:
496:
1309:
1304:
1294:
1189:
1064:
36:
669:
1525:
1159:
674:
1472:
230:
250:. Armstrong flew missions escorting bombers to targets in Nazi territory.
1244:
92:
659:
680:
229:
468:"Tuskegee Airman honored 73 years after being lynched in Austria"
684:
267:
was able to deploy his parachute but was subsequently lynched.
1764:
United States Army Air Forces personnel killed in World War II
578:
Caver, Joseph; Ennels, Jerome A.; Haulman, Daniel Lee (2011).
1774:
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in
Germany
654:
213:
in 1945 over
Austria. In 2018 he was inducted into the
581:
The
Tuskegee Airmen: An Illustrated History, 1939–1949
366:
The Tuskegee Airmen: An Illustrated History, 1939–1949
1646:
1585:
1554:
1517:
1483:
1448:
1441:
1405:
1393:
809:
768:
718:
157:
147:
139:
131:
119:
111:
98:
82:
62:
54:
46:
23:
392:"Profiles of Tuskegee Airmen: William Armstrong"
307:European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal
696:
8:
584:. Montgomery: New South Books. p. 394.
527:"Tuskegee Airmen Gold Medal Signed Into Law"
451:"The Men and Their Airplanes: The Fighters."
431:. RI Aviation Hall of Fame. February 8, 2018
1445:
703:
689:
681:
20:
1759:Military personnel from Tuskegee, Alabama
677:(2009 play about the 332d Fighter Group)
189:(October 30, 1924 – April 1, 1945)
614:
398:. CAF Red Tail Squadron. April 14, 2018
376:
1779:United States Army Air Forces officers
1577:Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site
660:Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site
535:United States House of Representatives
557:"Tuskegee Airman to Be Honored Today"
423:
421:
419:
417:
415:
413:
386:
384:
382:
380:
354:Military history of African Americans
7:
1744:People from Providence, Rhode Island
555:Beale, Stephen (November 10, 2010).
491:
489:
487:
485:
649:University of California, Riverside
466:Patterson, Brandon (May 27, 2018).
197:was a member of the famed group of
1769:Aviators killed by being shot down
16:African-American pilot (1924–1945)
14:
1654:African American military history
1705:
1692:
1691:
759:
35:
670:Tuskegee Airmen National Museum
1:
209:. His plane was shot down on
1679:United States Colored Troops
1423:North American B-25 Mitchell
126:United States Army Air Force
1428:North American P-51 Mustang
429:"2/LT William P. Armstrong"
1795:
1754:Tuskegee University alumni
1235:Isaiah Edward Robinson Jr.
1075:Daniel "Chappie" James Jr.
924:Eugene Calvin Cheatham Jr.
664:U.S. National Park Service
302:Presidential Unit Citation
176:Presidential Unit Citation
1687:
1433:Republic P-47 Thunderbolt
1295:Charles "Chuck" Stone Jr.
757:
50:William Pickney Armstrong
41:William Armstrong in 1944
34:
1674:U.S. Army Black Panthers
1562:Boeing–Saab T-7 Red Hawk
874:Henry Cabot Lodge Bohler
645:Tuskegee Airmen Archives
318:Central High School 1943
296:Congressional Gold Medal
171:Congressional Gold Medal
76:Providence, Rhode Island
1669:366th Infantry Regiment
1638:Thomas Franklin Vaughns
801:Tuskegee Army Air Field
349:List of Tuskegee Airmen
217:Aviation Hall of Fame.
1492:Flight of the Red Tail
1365:Oscar Lawton Wilkerson
1360:Malvin "Mal" Whitfield
741:302nd Fighter Squadron
736:301st Fighter Squadron
731:100th Fighter Squadron
240:301st Fighter Squadron
235:
1070:Mitchell Higginbotham
1005:James Clayton Flowers
949:Benjamin O. Davis Jr.
791:Oscoda Army Air Field
726:99th Fighter Squadron
655:Tuskegee Airmen, Inc.
497:"William P Armstrong"
298:(2007) (posthumously)
233:
173:(2007) (posthumously)
132:Years of service
104:Grace Church Cemetery
1534:Henry Browne, Farmer
1418:Curtiss P-40 Warhawk
1399:Freeman Field mutiny
1265:Graham Smith (pilot)
1210:Louis R. Purnell Sr.
1200:James O. Plinton Jr.
834:William N. Alsbrooka
824:Rutherford H. Adkins
786:Moton Army Air Field
470:. Detroit Free Press
344:Executive Order 9981
271:Recovery of his body
1712:aviation portal
1572:Tuskegee University
1457:The Tuskegee Airmen
1413:Bell P-39 Airacobra
1325:Robert B. Tresville
1260:Wilmeth Sidat-Singh
1220:Lawrence E. Roberts
1120:James Johnson Kelly
1110:William H. Holloman
1085:Alexander Jefferson
1080:Clarence C. Jamison
1060:Raymond V. Haysbert
914:William A. Campbell
796:Selfridge Air Field
640:Tuskegee University
244:332nd fighter group
152:332nd Fighter Group
1593:Leslie Edwards Jr.
1508:Wings for This Man
1290:Harry Stewart, Jr.
1240:John W. Rogers Sr.
1230:Curtis C. Robinson
1185:Walter L. McCreary
1175:Armour G. McDaniel
1150:Wilmore B. Leonard
1145:Clarence D. Lester
990:John Ellis Edwards
985:Wilson V. Eagleson
889:Granville C. Coggs
751:477th Bomber Group
746:332d Fighter Group
525:(April 11, 2006).
523:Rangel, Charles B.
334:Cranston streets.
322:Tuskegee Institute
291:Purple Heart Medal
236:
165:Purple Heart Medal
1721:
1720:
1608:Buford A. Johnson
1603:Maycie Herrington
1567:Red Tail Squadron
1550:
1549:
1375:Romeo M. Williams
1320:Edward L. Toppins
1225:George S. Roberts
1205:Wendell O. Pruitt
1130:George L. Knox II
1125:James B. Knighten
1050:Vernon V. Haywood
1000:Raymond Cassagnol
980:Charles W. Dryden
879:George R. Bolling
859:Charles P. Bailey
839:William Armstrong
829:Halbert Alexander
559:. Providence News
203:African-Americans
187:William Armstrong
183:
182:
29:William Armstrong
1786:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1695:
1694:
1618:Theodore Johnson
1446:
1350:Sherman W. White
1345:Luke J. Weathers
1330:Andrew D. Turner
1140:Walter I. Lawson
1135:Herman A. Lawson
1100:William Lee Hill
1020:Willie H. Fuller
975:Elwood T. Driver
970:Lawrence Dickson
944:Alfonza W. Davis
934:Lemuel R. Custis
894:Woodrow Crockett
884:Herbert V. Clark
763:
705:
698:
691:
682:
623:
619:
603:
602:
600:
598:
575:
569:
568:
566:
564:
552:
546:
545:
543:
541:
519:
513:
512:
510:
508:
493:
480:
479:
477:
475:
463:
457:
456:, March 1, 2000.
447:
441:
440:
438:
436:
425:
408:
407:
405:
403:
388:
248:Ramitelli, Italy
221:Military service
195:
121:
89:
73:October 30, 1924
72:
70:
39:
21:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1749:Tuskegee Airmen
1724:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1706:
1704:
1683:
1664:Golden Thirteen
1659:Buffalo Soldier
1642:
1628:Wallace P. Reed
1623:Noel F. Parrish
1581:
1546:
1513:
1500:Red Tail Reborn
1479:
1449:Fictional films
1437:
1401:
1389:
1370:Yancey Williams
1335:James A. Walker
1275:Calvin J. Spann
1095:James H. Harvey
1090:Carl C. Johnson
1045:Charles B. Hall
1025:Edward C. Gleed
995:Joseph Elsberry
965:Gene Derricotte
929:Milton Crenchaw
904:George L. Brown
864:William Bartley
811:
805:
764:
755:
714:
712:Tuskegee Airmen
709:
636:Tuskegee Airmen
632:
627:
626:
620:
616:
611:
606:
596:
594:
592:
577:
576:
572:
562:
560:
554:
553:
549:
539:
537:
521:
520:
516:
506:
504:
501:honorstates.org
495:
494:
483:
473:
471:
465:
464:
460:
454:Tuskegee Airmen
448:
444:
434:
432:
427:
426:
411:
401:
399:
390:
389:
378:
374:
362:
360:Further reading
340:
331:
315:
282:
273:
260:
228:
223:
207:Tuskegee Airmen
191:
185:Flight Officer
179:
107:
91:
87:
74:
68:
66:
42:
30:
27:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1792:
1790:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1726:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1701:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1598:Wilfred DeFour
1595:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1496:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1469:
1461:
1452:
1450:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1380:Henry Wise Jr.
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1355:James T. Wiley
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1285:Lowell Steward
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1195:Fitzroy Newsum
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1165:Walter Manning
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1115:George J. Iles
1112:
1107:
1105:Lincoln Hudson
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1040:Oliver Goodall
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1010:Julius Freeman
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
960:Robert W. Deiz
957:
952:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
919:Herbert Carter
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
815:
813:
807:
806:
804:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
772:
770:
766:
765:
758:
756:
754:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
722:
720:
716:
715:
710:
708:
707:
700:
693:
685:
679:
678:
672:
667:
657:
652:
642:
631:
630:External links
628:
625:
624:
613:
612:
610:
607:
605:
604:
591:978-1588382443
590:
570:
547:
514:
503:. Honor States
481:
458:
449:Rice, Markus.
442:
409:
375:
373:
370:
369:
368:
361:
358:
357:
356:
351:
346:
339:
336:
330:
327:
326:
325:
319:
314:
311:
310:
309:
304:
299:
293:
288:
281:
278:
272:
269:
265:Walter Manning
259:
256:
227:
224:
222:
219:
181:
180:
178:
177:
174:
168:
161:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
143:Flight Officer
141:
137:
136:
133:
129:
128:
123:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
102:
100:
96:
95:
90:(aged 20)
84:
80:
79:
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
40:
32:
31:
28:
25:Flight Officer
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1791:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1714:
1713:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1633:Willie Rogers
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1542:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:Documentaries
1482:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1385:Coleman Young
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1255:David Showell
1253:
1251:
1250:Robert Searcy
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1215:Price D. Rice
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1180:Charles McGee
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1170:Robert Martin
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1035:Alfred Gorham
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1015:Robert Friend
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
955:Charles DeBow
953:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
939:Clarence Dart
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
854:Willie Ashley
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
816:
814:
808:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
776:Chanute Field
774:
773:
771:
767:
762:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
723:
721:
717:
713:
706:
701:
699:
694:
692:
687:
686:
683:
676:
673:
671:
668:
665:
661:
658:
656:
653:
650:
646:
643:
641:
637:
634:
633:
629:
618:
615:
608:
593:
587:
583:
582:
574:
571:
558:
551:
548:
536:
532:
531:Press Release
528:
524:
518:
515:
502:
498:
492:
490:
488:
486:
482:
474:September 27,
469:
462:
459:
455:
452:
446:
443:
430:
424:
422:
420:
418:
416:
414:
410:
397:
393:
387:
385:
383:
381:
377:
371:
367:
364:
363:
359:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
341:
337:
335:
329:Personal life
328:
323:
320:
317:
316:
312:
308:
305:
303:
300:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
283:
279:
277:
270:
268:
266:
257:
255:
251:
249:
245:
241:
232:
225:
220:
218:
216:
212:
211:Easter Sunday
208:
205:known as the
204:
200:
196:
194:
188:
175:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
160:
156:
153:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
127:
124:
118:
115:United States
114:
110:
106:in Providence
105:
101:
97:
94:
86:April 1, 1945
85:
81:
77:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
38:
33:
22:
19:
1703:
1696:
1613:Thomas Ellis
1532:
1524:
1506:
1498:
1490:
1471:
1463:
1455:
1340:Spann Watson
1315:Lucius Theus
1300:Percy Sutton
1280:Vernon Sport
1270:Eugene Smith
1055:George Hardy
1030:Joseph Gomer
909:Roscoe Brown
899:Harold Brown
869:Howard Baugh
849:Robert Ashby
781:Mather Field
617:
595:. Retrieved
580:
573:
561:. Retrieved
550:
540:November 26,
538:. Retrieved
530:
517:
505:. Retrieved
500:
472:. Retrieved
461:
453:
445:
433:. Retrieved
400:. Retrieved
395:
365:
332:
274:
261:
252:
237:
226:World War II
215:Rhode Island
199:World War II
192:
186:
184:
88:(1945-04-01)
18:
1739:1945 deaths
1734:1924 births
1310:Roger Terry
1305:Alva Temple
1190:John Mosley
1065:Percy Heath
597:February 6,
563:February 6,
507:February 6,
435:February 6,
402:February 6,
396:redtail.org
55:Nickname(s)
1728:Categories
1465:Hart's War
1160:Hiram Mann
844:Lee Archer
819:Paul Adams
769:Air fields
651:Libraries.
372:References
112:Allegiance
69:1924-10-30
47:Birth name
1473:Red Tails
1394:Incidents
1155:John Lyle
622:surfaces.
313:Education
286:Air Medal
135:1944–1945
1698:Category
1406:Aircraft
1245:Mac Ross
812:and crew
338:See also
258:Dogfight
120:Service/
1647:Related
1541:Wingmen
647:at the
193:†
93:Austria
1555:Legacy
1529:(play)
1503:(2007)
1495:(2009)
1476:(2012)
1468:(2002)
1460:(1995)
810:Pilots
588:
324:(1944)
280:Awards
158:Awards
122:branch
99:Buried
1586:Other
1518:Other
1442:Media
951:(C/O)
719:Units
609:Notes
201:-era
599:2020
586:ISBN
565:2020
542:2008
509:2020
476:2019
437:2020
404:2020
148:Unit
140:Rank
83:Died
78:, US
63:Born
58:Will
1526:Fly
675:Fly
638:at
246:in
1730::
533:.
529:.
499:.
484:^
412:^
394:.
379:^
242:,
1543:"
1539:"
704:e
697:t
690:v
666:)
662:(
601:.
567:.
544:.
511:.
478:.
439:.
406:.
167:.
71:)
67:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
