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in 1971, After issuing several orders in conformity with that decision, Judge Thomas assumed senior status and the case was reassigned to Judge Hand. By the time it reached Judge Hand, it had become primarily subject to negotiations, and consent orders. Judge Hand appointed a large advisory committee
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unanimously reversed him, with Judge Frank stating that Hand held a "misconception of the relationship between church and state mandated by the establishment clause," commenting also that the textbooks did not show "an attitude antagonistic to theistic belief. The message conveyed by these textbooks
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Hand roused controversy soon after his confirmation by hanging a large
Confederate flag on his office wall. Illinois State University history professor considers Judge Hand an important figure in America's culture wars because of his longstanding disagreement with incorporation of the Bill of Rights
517:
Meanwhile, in 1975, Wiley Bolden and other prominent black
Mobilians filed a lawsuit challenging Mobile's at-large system of selecting commissioners, that diluted the black vote, and Lila Brown initiated a similar lawsuit with respect to the Mobile County Board of Education. Because the city hired
542:
was about to start. The sister case brought by parent
Ishmael Jafree against compulsory school had begun in 1981, and Judge Hand allowed a group of local evangelical Christians to intervene, who alleged that they were the victims of the school board's policy of secular humanism.
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is one of neutrality: the textbooks neither endorse theistic religion as a system of belief, nor discredit it." Ultimately, the United States
Supreme Court disagreed with Hand's assessment, finding Alabama's silent school prayer law unconstitutional in
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566:. In his 172-page ruling, later republished as a book with a foreword by Richard John Neuhaus Judge Hand ordered the removal of forty-four texts across the state in subjects such as history and social studies.
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in 1986, Hand condemned spreading immorality in society, which he blamed on a human-centered worldview. He presided over two cases involving religious issues, and the trial of
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confirmed Hand on
September 21, 1971, and he received his commission the next day. Hand would serve as the district's Chief Judge from 1981 to 1989. He assumed
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After admission to the
Alabama bar in 1949, Hand joined his father's law firm, practicing until his appointment as a federal judge in 1971. Hand supported the
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Beginning in 1987 Hand again received considerable attention for his views concerning secular humanism. In a prayer breakfast speech commemorating Law Day in
371:, where his father, Charles C. Hand, served as president of the local bar association and founded the law firm of Hand, Arendell. His father had moved from
375:(on the Chickasawhay River in Clarke County near the Alabama border) circa 1920, where his father (Hand's grandfather) was a physician. Hand graduated from
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in 1955, but the legal case was first filed in 1963 by the NAACP Legal
Defense fund on behalf of Birdie Mae Davis, and other parents organized by
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Desegregation of schools in
Alabama, including Mobile, had been the subject of controversy since the United States Supreme Court's decisions in
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and appeals reached the Fifth
Circuit Court of Appeals several times before the United States Supreme Court decided it as a companion case to
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Hand's former law firm (by then Hand, Arendall, Bedsole, Greaves and
Johnston) to handle its defense, Hand recused himself and judge
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W. Brevard Hand, American Education on Trial: Is Secular Humanism a Religion (1987: Cumberland VA Center for Judicial Studies)
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Judicial review and American conservatism : Christianity, public education, and the federal courts in the Reagan era
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and two supervisory scholars, who assisted in guiding the process. Ultimately, Judge Hand dismissed the case in 1997.
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on January 19, 1989, and continued to handle that reduced caseload until his death on September 6, 2008, in Mobile.
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489:. Judge Hand's most public cases were of two types: involving desegregation and his concept of secular humanism.
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522:(who succeeded Thomas as Chief Judge) was assigned the case, which the U.S. Supreme Court ultimately decided as
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Redefining the First Freedom: The Supreme Court and the Consolidation of State Power, 1980-1990
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The political use of racial narratives : school desegregation in Mobile, Alabama, 1954-97
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611:. Mobile Bar Association. (1st ed.). Birmingham, Ala.: Association Pub. Co. p. 123.
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The case was brought in Hand's district after his opinions regarding a 1982
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Mobile's legal legacy : three hundred years of law in the Port City
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Nicholls pp. 268-269 citing personal interview with court personnel
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United States District Court for the Southern District of Alabama
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United States District Court for the Southern District of Alabama
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United States District Court for the Southern District of Alabama
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United States District Court for the Southern District of Alabama
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United States district court judges appointed by Richard Nixon
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Judge Hand ruled for the plaintiffs in a case against the
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United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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511:Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
715:Pride, Richard A. (Richard Alan), 1942- (2002).
540:Smith v. Board of Commissioners of Mobile County
847:Federal Court Finds Secular Humanism a Religion
481:at the state level, which he argues influenced
214:September 22, 1971 – January 19, 1989
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347:(January 18, 1924 – September 6, 2008) was a
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1119:United States Army personnel of World War II
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403:degree in 1947. In 1949, Hand received his
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
905:Biographical Directory of Federal Judges
719:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
666:Biographical Directory of Federal Judges
831:ABOUT EDUCATION; A MATTER OF CENSORSHIP
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383:as a combat infantry rifleman during
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548:Alabama Association of School Boards
47:adding citations to reliable sources
766:Rubin, Robert Daniel (2017-03-20).
590:Judge Hand died in Mobile in 2008.
409:University of Alabama School of Law
328:University of Alabama School of Law
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461:nominated Hand to a seat on the
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34:needs additional citations for
871:. Transaction Books. pp.
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770:. Cambridge, United kingdom.
607:Erickson, Ben, 1952- (2008).
469:had taken senior status. The
1134:University of Alabama alumni
1129:Lawyers from Mobile, Alabama
1109:20th-century American judges
349:United States district judge
1114:United States Army soldiers
1048:Charles Randolph Butler Jr.
499:Brown v. Board of Education
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450:Federal judicial service
359:Early life and education
910:Federal Judicial Center
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573:ruling in Alabama. The
423:by 1962, in particular
1028:Daniel Holcombe Thomas
947:Richard W. Vollmer Jr.
927:Daniel Holcombe Thomas
530:Secular humanism cases
507:Daniel Holcombe Thomas
467:Daniel Holcombe Thomas
249:Richard W. Vollmer Jr.
237:Daniel Holcombe Thomas
58:"William Brevard Hand"
1033:Thomas Virgil Pittman
957:Thomas Virgil Pittman
393:University of Alabama
319:University of Alabama
182:Thomas Virgil Pittman
1038:William Brevard Hand
1015:Chief judges of the
900:William Brevard Hand
863:Ivers, Greg (1992).
661:William Brevard Hand
564:Establishment clause
471:United States Senate
435:against the veteran
433:United States Senate
373:Shubuta, Mississippi
345:William Brevard Hand
268:William Brevard Hand
43:improve this article
1124:Alabama Republicans
964:Chief Judge of the
493:Desegregation cases
401:Bachelor of Science
387:. He then used the
157:Chief Judge of the
1043:Alex T. Howard Jr.
977:Alex T. Howard Jr.
705:402 U.S. 33 (1971)
580:Wallace v. Jaffree
454:On July 26, 1971,
381:United States Army
377:Murphy High School
194:Alex T. Howard Jr.
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1058:William H. Steele
1053:Callie V. Granade
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974:Succeeded by
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618:978-0-9668380-8-4
536:Anniston, Alabama
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485:and Justice
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465:since Judge
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415:Legal career
385:World War II
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293:(2008-09-06)
244:Succeeded by
220:Appointed by
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189:Succeeded by
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136:Senior Judge
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1094:2008 deaths
1089:1924 births
483:Edwin Meese
232:Preceded by
177:Preceded by
1083:Categories
971:1981–1989
941:1971–1989
594:References
444:Montgomery
397:Tuscaloosa
309:Republican
274:1924-01-18
69:newspapers
794:cite book
786:959200444
743:cite book
635:cite book
627:270237290
558:promoted
552:textbooks
456:President
407:from the
389:G.I. Bill
315:Education
210:In office
171:1981–1989
167:In office
148:In office
735:49225358
582:(1985).
554:used in
437:Democrat
431:for the
902:at the
894:Sources
663:at the
556:Alabama
429:Gadsden
369:Alabama
351:of the
138:of the
83:scholar
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365:Mobile
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586:Death
332:LL.B.
90:JSTOR
76:books
877:ISBN
800:link
782:OCLC
772:ISBN
753:link
749:link
731:OCLC
721:ISBN
645:link
641:link
623:OCLC
613:ISBN
323:B.S.
300:, US
288:Died
283:, US
264:Born
62:news
442:of
427:of
395:at
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