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In 1823, Francis Harvey Welman, Grimes' last enslaver, tracked him down and demanded Grimes must pay for his freedom with "my house and land, all I had," or else face arrest and re-enslavement. The following year, in April 1824, Grimes officially purchased his freedom for 500 dollars. Grimes had to
339:
while living there. Through his multiple jobs of barbering, furniture trading, and errand running for students, he was able to network with students, faculty, and politicians in the communities. This connection with members of each community caused Grimes' recent enslaver to learn where Grimes was.
446:
Grimes felt a second publishing of his slave narrative would be best because the first edition of his slave narrative is considered the first one by many, which caused him to lose out on monetary gains. The second version provides an update of his life until 1855 while also counterbalancing the
2026:
300:
because she and Grimes split some time before writing his second edition. Grimes gives no information as to why this occurred. However, he mentions that only his youngest child is still with him at that time and does not know where any other child of his is.
443:, in 1825 to recover finances. His slave narrative provides great detail of his life until 1825. This slave narrative was published only months after he purchased his freedom. Grimes also published an updated version of his autobiography in 1855.
447:
bitterness put forth in his first slave narrative. However, his second release of a slave narrative did receive a much different reception from the first. The abolitionist press at the time did not reference the second edition in any newspapers.
731:
New Haven, Aug. 21: William Grimes, better known as "Old Grimes", a quaint darkey, once a slave, known to all our citizens and to thousands of Yale
College graduates, died in this city yesterday, at an advanced age, probably ninety
169:, in 1784. His father was Benjamin Grymes, Jr., a wealthy plantation owner; Grimes' mother was a slave on a neighboring plantation. Benjamin Grymes, Jr., the father of William Grimes was the great-grandson of
2018:
285:
In 1823, Grimes' last enslaver tracked him down and demanded that he pay for his freedom. His former enslaver would have him arrested and forced back into slavery if Grimes were to refuse.
1215:
105:, published in 1825, with a second edition published in 1855. Another revised edition was published by one of his descendants in 2008. Grimes escaped slavery by boarding on a ship called
1994:
2106:
386:
documents her experiences tracking down information about Grimes over fifteen years. It includes reenactments of scenes from both Mason's and Grimes's lives with narration by
356:
were able to help him with his negotiation of the price for his freedom. Grimes had no choice but to pay and wrote his memoir in hopes of recovering his finances. Grimes fled
2562:
372:
A great-great-great-granddaughter of Grimes, Regina Mason, was an editor of the 2008 edition of Grimes' book. Mason talked about her ancestor's life in an interview with
2516:
196:. He worked as a house servant, valet, field worker, stable boy, and coachman. In 1815, at the age of 30, Grimes escaped from slavery by stowing away on the ship
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Five Black lives: the autobiographies of
Venture Smith, James Mars, William Grimes, the Rev. G. W. Offley, [and] James L. Smith
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was smaller and the political landscape would be more in his favor if his recent enslaver came looking for him, Grimes moved to
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901:
Encyclopedia of
African American History, 1619-1895: From the Colonial Period to the Age of Frederick Douglass Three-volume Set
874:
Encyclopedia of
African American History, 1619-1895: From the Colonial Period to the Age of Frederick Douglass Three-volume Set
2538:
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mortgage his property and take on debt to pay for his freedom. However, the people with whom he was connected and friends in
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where he worked as a barber, grocer, and furniture merchant. It is noted that Grimes lived in many cities in
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by
Reverend Samuel Merwin. They had eighteen children together, but only twelve survived until adulthood.
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barber and writer who authored what is considered the first narrative of a formerly enslaved
American,
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980:"William Grimes, 1784-1865 Life of William Grimes, the Runaway Slave. Written by Himself"
848:"William Grimes, 1784-1865 Life of William Grimes, the Runaway Slave. Written by Himself"
749:"William Grimes, 1784-1865 Life of William Grimes, the Runaway Slave. Written by Himself"
657:"William Grimes, 1784-1865 Life of William Grimes, the Runaway Slave. Written by Himself"
630:"William Grimes, 1784-1865 Life of William Grimes, the Runaway Slave. Written by Himself"
537:. North American Slave Narratives (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). New York
1097:
The
Fugitive's Gibraltar: Escaping Slaves and Abolitionism in New Bedford, Massachusetts
926:"Summary of Life of William Grimes, the Runaway Slave, Brought Down to the Present Time"
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Smith, Venture; Mars, James; Grimes, William; Offley, G. W.; Smith, James L. (1855).
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177:. Benjamin Grymes, Jr., volunteered for Grayson's Continental Line Regiment in the
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296:. Where he lived the rest of his years. Clarissa Caesar, his wife, then left for
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1217:
The
Underground Railroad: An Encyclopedia of People, Places, and Operations
1195:
1062:"Summary of Life of William Grimes, the Runaway Slave. Written by Himself"
682:"Summary of Life of William Grimes, the Runaway Slave. Written by Himself"
2127:
1811:
1769:
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189:
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319:, William Grimes was listed as the head of an eight-person household in
2197:
1151:
Gates, Henry Louis Jr.; Evelyn Brooks
Higginbotham, eds. (2008-02-18).
382:
radio program on
January 18, 2016. A 2017 film by Sean Durant entitled
1005:"When Ancestry Search Led To Escaped Slave: 'All I Could Do Was Weep'"
812:"When Ancestry Search Led To Escaped Slave: 'All I Could Do Was Weep'"
2159:
1266:
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indicates that Grimes was the head of a seven-member household in
173:. Fitzhugh was the founder of Eagles's Nest plantation located in
2083:
Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States
1040:
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was where Grimes eventually settled to live out his final days.
1270:
2019:
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave
1009:
962:"Slavery, Imprinted: The Life and Narrative of William Grimes"
816:
534:
Life of William Grimes, the Runaway Slave. Written by Himself
418:. Clarissa Caesar Grimes, his wife, died on December 15 in
184:
Grimes was enslaved by at least ten different enslavers in
80:
Life of William Grimes, the Runaway Slave (1825) and (1855)
588:
Andrews, William L.; Mason, Regina E., eds. (2008-06-27).
402:. On his death, his obituary was published as far away as
1995:
The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano
181:
and eventually received the rank of Lieutenant in 1777.
398:
Grimes died on August 20, 1865, about 81 years old, in
323:, while his occupation is shown as a lottery dealer.
1178:"Life of William Grimes, the Runaway Slave (review)"
439:
William Grimes published his first slave narrative,
56:
Grove Street Cemetery, New Haven, Connecticut
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African-American barber and writer ( (c. 1784–1865)
2563:Amazing Grace: An Anthology of Poems about Slavery
246:. Following this, Grimes rented his barbershop in
125:to begin his life as a free man. Grimes lived in
2517:List of last surviving American enslaved people
1041:"Gina's Journey: The Search for William Grimes"
2107:Barracoon: The Story of the Last "Black Cargo"
364:due to his former enslaver tracking him down.
1282:
384:Gina's Journey: The Search for William Grimes
8:
231:. Grimes married Clarissa Caesar in 1817 in
805:
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690:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
1325:
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422:. Following this, she was laid to rest in
18:
2531:Cotton Plantation Record and Account Book
721:(2nd ed.). 21 August 1865. p. 3
591:Life of William Grimes, the Runaway Slave
441:Life of William Grimes, the runaway slave
435:Life of William Grimes, the runaway slave
103:Life of William Grimes, the Runaway Slave
97:(c. 1784 – August 20, 1865) was an
2512:Treatment of slaves in the United States
2286:Ama: A Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade
1600:(1766 Saint-Dominque – June 30, 1853 NY)
1013:(Interview: transcript). Interviewed by
517:
2449:Frederick Douglass and the White Negro
2270:Queen: The Story of an American Family
2190:Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp
523:
521:
2222:Roots: The Saga of an American Family
2051:Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl
1487:(c. 1745 Nigeria – 31 March 1797 Eng)
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304:Grimes was still listed as living in
7:
2679:19th-century American businesspeople
2639:African-American publishers (people)
2629:African-American non-fiction writers
2067:Life and Times of Frederick Douglass
1562:(1783 England – 1821 United States)
1176:Winter, Kari J. (Summer–Fall 2009).
743:
741:
651:
649:
624:
622:
501:Fugitive slaves in the United States
2659:Writers from New Haven, Connecticut
1154:African American National Biography
820:(Interview: audio). Interviewed by
780:"Summary of Life of William Grimes"
327:Purchasing of Freedom in Litchfield
153:following his escape from slavery.
2669:19th-century American male writers
2406:The Escape; or, A Leap for Freedom
2278:Hang a Thousand Trees with Ribbons
1556:(c. 1710 Portugal – 1734 Montreal)
1509:Nunzio Otello Francesco Gioacchino
968:: 126–139 – via TigerPrints.
14:
2507:Songs of the Underground Railroad
2467:Abolitionism in the United States
1975:(c. 1795 Nigeria – ? Brazil)
1606:(c. 1819 – ???, Puerto Rico)
1102:University of Massachusetts Press
208:. He then travelled by foot from
2654:19th-century American memoirists
2555:Slave Songs of the United States
2059:The Underground Railroad Records
1969:(? Puerto Rico – 1555 Venezuela)
904:. Oxford University Press, USA.
877:. Oxford University Press, USA.
480:
466:
452:
331:Grimes became a known figure in
165:Grimes was born into slavery in
1935:(19th century Indian Territory)
1909:(1766 Saint-Dominque – 1853 NY)
1003:Mason, Regina E. (2016-01-18).
810:Mason, Regina E. (2016-01-18).
686:North American Slave Narratives
2609:African-American abolitionists
2539:Slave-Trading in the Old South
1593:(c. 1788 Bermuda – after 1833)
1094:Grover, Kathryn (2001-07-12).
898:Finkelman, Paul (2006-04-06).
871:Finkelman, Paul (2006-04-06).
786:. University of North Carolina
784:Documenting the American South
410:. He was then laid to rest in
340:Feeling that the community of
274:and Stratford Point alongside
141:and Stratford Point alongside
1:
2214:The Confessions of Nat Turner
2179:
2172:
2003:The Narrative of Robert Adams
1417:
561:. Wesleyan University Press.
2644:American publishers (people)
2634:American non-fiction writers
2604:19th-century American slaves
2547:Sarah Johnson's Mount Vernon
2502:Slavery in the United States
1859:Greensbury Washington Offley
175:King George County, Virginia
167:King George County, Virginia
35:King George County, Virginia
2674:Writers of slave narratives
2624:African-American Christians
2571:The Hemingses of Monticello
2472:African-American literature
288:After living four years in
179:American Revolutionary army
2695:
2614:African-American activists
2387:A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin
1493:(c. 1705 Bornu – 1775 Eng)
1309:Slave Narrative Collection
1124:Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham
64:Barber, American publisher
44:August 20, 1865 (about 81)
2664:American male journalists
2380:To a Southern Slaveholder
2168:The Bondwoman's Narrative
2043:My Bondage and My Freedom
2027:The Life of Josiah Henson
2011:American Slavery as It Is
1439:Andreas Matthäus Wolfgang
1304:
317:1860 United States census
240:1820 United States census
2649:American autobiographers
2326:The Underground Railroad
2091:The Peculiar Institution
1736:Sarah Jane Woodson Early
960:Ashton, Susanna (2012).
718:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle
2619:19th-century Christians
2497:Films featuring slavery
1961:Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua
1885:William Henry Singleton
1690:Ellen and William Craft
1249:Oxford University Press
1183:African American Review
1159:Oxford University Press
1134:Oxford University Press
596:Oxford University Press
362:Litchfield, Connecticut
292:, Grimes moved back to
2345:Amos Fortune, Free Man
1579:Juan Francisco Manzano
1554:Marie-Joseph Angélique
1462:Brigitta Scherzenfeldt
1445:Johann Georg Wolffgang
1427:Guðríður Símonardóttir
1366:James Leander Cathcart
1129:African American Lives
1120:Gates, Henry Louis Jr.
1089:Text of Grimes' memoir
400:New Haven, Connecticut
337:New Haven, Connecticut
221:New Haven, Connecticut
214:New Haven, Connecticut
88:Clarissa Caesar Grimes
47:New Haven, Connecticut
2294:Walk Through Darkness
2230:Underground to Canada
1843:Jermain Wesley Loguen
1788:(1848/1854 VA – 1957)
1715:Ayuba Suleiman Diallo
1531:Konstantin Mihailović
1479:Lovisa von Burghausen
1212:Snodgrass, Mary Ellen
1196:10.1353/afa.2009.0027
1126:, eds. (2004-03-23).
713:"Old Grimes is Dead!"
412:Grove Street Cemetery
308:in the 1830 and 1840
258:. These cities being
2492:Caribbean literature
2482:Atlantic slave trade
2035:Twelve Years a Slave
1928:Booker T. Washington
1730:Jordan Winston Early
1245:Underground Railroad
1224:. pp. 235–236.
1161:. pp. 653–654.
1136:. pp. 357–358.
594:(revised ed.).
474:United States portal
310:United States census
117:. He then walked to
2487:Captivity narrative
2318:The Book of Negroes
2099:The Slave Community
1963:(1845–1847, Brazil)
1890:James Lindsay Smith
1797:John Andrew Jackson
1732:(1814 – after 1894)
1686:(1845 KY – 1938 OH)
1679:William Wells Brown
1638:Jared Maurice Arter
1633:William J. Anderson
1526:Johann Schiltberger
2441:Unchained Memories
1946:(b. c. 1780 Congo)
1720:Frederick Douglass
1491:Ukawsaw Gronniosaw
1390:Maria ter Meetelen
1104:. pp. 86–92.
966:Clemson University
680:Williamson, Jenn.
488:Connecticut portal
426:with her husband.
219:Grimes settled in
109:which sailed from
2581:
2580:
2353:I, Juan de Pareja
2337:Young adult books
2144:Uncle Tom's Cabin
1987:Non-fiction books
1982:
1981:
1939:Harriet E. Wilson
1823:Elizabeth Keckley
1669:Henry "Box" Brown
1587:(1860–1965, Cuba)
1581:(1797–1854, Cuba)
1536:George of Hungary
1511:(1792 – fl. 1828)
911:978-0-19-516777-1
884:978-0-19-516777-1
202:Savannah, Georgia
200:that sailed from
111:Savannah, Georgia
92:
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2184:
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2152:The Heroic Slave
1907:Pierre Toussaint
1902:(1793 VA – 1860)
1866:(1827 VA – 1900)
1598:Pierre Toussaint
1433:Antoine Qaurtier
1422:
1419:
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1298:Slave narratives
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1251:. Archived from
1241:"William Grimes"
1235:
1207:
1190:(2–3): 509–511.
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2075:Up from Slavery
1978:
1967:Miguel de Buría
1949:
1918:Wallace Turnage
1854:Solomon Northup
1786:Fountain Hughes
1628:Jordan Anderson
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2262:Middle Passage
2258:
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2202:
2194:
2186:
2164:
2156:
2148:
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2132:
2123:
2121:
2119:Fiction/novels
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2103:
2095:
2087:
2079:
2071:
2063:
2055:
2047:
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2015:
2007:
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1964:
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1941:
1936:
1933:Wallace Willis
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1913:Harriet Tubman
1910:
1903:
1900:Austin Steward
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1870:William Parker
1867:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1845:
1840:
1838:J. Vance Lewis
1835:
1830:
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1820:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1802:Harriet Jacobs
1799:
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1783:
1778:
1776:William Grimes
1773:
1768:(19th century
1763:
1758:
1753:
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1733:
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1725:Kate Drumgoold
1722:
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1643:Solomon Bayley
1640:
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1614:North America:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1601:
1594:
1588:
1582:
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1570:North America:
1567:
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1560:John R. Jewitt
1557:
1550:
1548:
1545:North America:
1542:
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1533:
1528:
1522:
1520:
1519:Ottoman Empire
1516:
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1513:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1497:Jean Marteilhe
1494:
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1469:
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1442:
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1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1380:(late 19th c.)
1375:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1354:Isaac Brassard
1351:
1345:
1339:
1332:
1330:
1323:
1322:of enslavement
1315:
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1311:
1305:
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1296:
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1279:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1239:Hinks, Peter.
1236:
1230:
1214:(2015-03-26).
1208:
1173:
1167:
1148:
1142:
1116:
1110:
1091:
1084:
1083:External links
1081:
1078:
1077:
1053:
1032:
1030:radio program.
995:
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2016:
2013:
2012:
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1992:
1991:
1989:
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1968:
1965:
1962:
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1954:South America
1952:
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1944:Zamba Zembola
1942:
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1934:
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1926:
1924:
1923:Bethany Veney
1921:
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1895:Venture Smith
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1792:Omar ibn Said
1790:
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1781:Josiah Henson
1779:
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1766:William Green
1764:
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1741:Peter Fossett
1739:
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1700:Lucinda Davis
1698:
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1695:Hannah Crafts
1693:
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1663:James Bradley
1661:
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1658:Leonard Black
1656:
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1621:
1620:
1618:
1616:United States
1612:
1605:
1604:Marcos Xiorro
1602:
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1412:
1409:
1408:Thomas Pellow
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1378:Petro Kilekwa
1376:
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1358:
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1287:
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1272:
1269:
1255:on 2016-12-03
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1231:9781317454168
1227:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1168:9780195160192
1164:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1149:
1145:
1143:9780199882861
1139:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1111:9781558492714
1107:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1006:
999:
996:
985:
981:
975:
972:
967:
963:
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
946:
942:
931:
927:
921:
918:
913:
907:
903:
902:
894:
891:
886:
880:
876:
875:
867:
864:
853:
849:
843:
840:
836:
835:
823:
819:
818:
813:
806:
804:
802:
798:
785:
781:
775:
773:
771:
769:
765:
754:
750:
744:
742:
738:
733:
720:
719:
714:
708:
706:
702:
691:
687:
683:
676:
673:
662:
658:
652:
650:
646:
635:
631:
625:
623:
619:
607:
605:9780199711147
601:
597:
593:
592:
584:
581:
570:
568:9780819540362
564:
560:
559:
551:
548:
536:
535:
530:
524:
522:
518:
511:
507:
504:
502:
499:
498:
494:
489:
478:
475:
464:
461:
450:
448:
444:
442:
434:
429:
427:
425:
421:
420:San Francisco
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
393:
391:
389:
385:
381:
380:
375:
367:
365:
363:
359:
355:
349:
347:
343:
338:
334:
326:
324:
322:
318:
313:
311:
307:
302:
299:
295:
291:
286:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
250:and moved to
249:
245:
241:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
217:
215:
211:
210:New York City
207:
206:New York City
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
160:
158:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
123:New York City
120:
116:
115:New York City
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
87:
83:
79:
77:Notable works
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
53:Resting place
51:
48:
43:
39:
36:
31:
27:
20:
2594:1780s births
2569:
2561:
2553:
2545:
2537:
2529:
2521:
2447:
2439:
2420:
2414:The Octoroon
2412:
2404:
2385:
2359:
2351:
2343:
2324:
2316:
2308:
2300:
2292:
2284:
2276:
2268:
2260:
2252:
2244:
2236:
2228:
2220:
2212:
2204:
2196:
2188:
2166:
2158:
2150:
2142:
2134:
2126:
2105:
2097:
2089:
2081:
2073:
2065:
2057:
2049:
2041:
2033:
2025:
2017:
2009:
2001:
1993:
1807:Thomas James
1756:Moses Grandy
1751:David George
1710:Lucy Delaney
1684:Peter Bruner
1623:Sam Aleckson
1503:Roustam Raza
1414:Joseph Pitts
1336:Robert Adams
1320:by continent
1257:. Retrieved
1253:the original
1244:
1216:
1187:
1181:
1153:
1128:
1096:
1069:. Retrieved
1065:
1056:
1044:. Retrieved
1035:
1025:
1018:. Retrieved
1008:
998:
987:. Retrieved
983:
974:
965:
933:. Retrieved
929:
920:
900:
893:
873:
866:
855:. Retrieved
851:
842:
832:
825:. Retrieved
815:
788:. Retrieved
783:
756:. Retrieved
752:
735:In column 5.
730:
723:. Retrieved
716:
693:. Retrieved
685:
675:
664:. Retrieved
660:
637:. Retrieved
633:
609:. Retrieved
590:
583:
572:. Retrieved
557:
550:
539:. Retrieved
533:
445:
440:
438:
397:
383:
377:
371:
350:
330:
314:
303:
287:
284:
237:
218:
197:
183:
164:
106:
102:
94:
93:
2599:1865 deaths
2183: 1861
2176: 1853
1880:Moses Roper
1864:John Parker
1850:(1790–1880)
1828:Boston King
1819:(1799–1874)
1648:Polly Berry
1591:Mary Prince
1505:(1783–1845)
1499:(1684-1777)
1481:(1698–1733)
1464:(1684–1736)
1447:(1644–1744)
1441:(1660–1736)
1435:(1632–1702)
1429:(1598–1682)
1421: 1735
1404:(1708–1754)
1396:Mende Nazer
1386:(1735–1785)
1374:(1564–1639)
1368:(1767–1843)
1362:(1747–1815)
1356:(1620–1702)
1348:Francis Bok
1344:(1714-1761)
1342:Marcus Berg
1338:(c. 1790–?)
1318:Individuals
1046:24 February
1015:Terry Gross
822:Terry Gross
388:Keith David
374:Terry Gross
360:to live in
256:Connecticut
151:Connecticut
119:Connecticut
69:Nationality
2588:Categories
2361:Copper Sun
2310:Unburnable
2246:Dessa Rose
1973:Osifekunde
1905:Venerable
1848:James Mars
1761:Lear Green
1745:Monticello
1705:Noah Davis
1674:John Brown
1653:Henry Bibb
1596:Venerable
1402:Hark Olufs
1259:2016-01-27
1071:2022-12-05
1020:2016-03-04
989:2022-12-05
935:2022-11-22
857:2022-12-05
827:2016-01-19
790:19 January
758:2022-12-05
725:19 January
695:2016-01-18
666:2022-12-05
639:2022-12-05
611:19 January
574:2017-03-15
541:2021-01-18
354:Litchfield
346:Litchfield
342:Litchfield
333:Litchfield
298:California
290:Litchfield
280:Litchfield
272:Bridgeport
248:Litchfield
244:Litchfield
229:Litchfield
147:Litchfield
139:Bridgeport
61:Occupation
2086:(1936–38)
1572:Caribbean
1398:(b. 1982)
1350:(b. 1979)
1222:Routledge
1204:162046274
1027:Fresh Air
834:Fresh Air
424:New Haven
379:Fresh Air
358:New Haven
321:New Haven
306:New Haven
294:New Haven
276:New Haven
268:Fairfield
260:Stratford
252:New Haven
233:New Haven
161:Biography
155:New Haven
143:New Haven
135:Fairfield
127:Stratford
2382:" (1848)
2128:Oroonoko
1812:John Jea
1416:(1663 –
1410:(1705–?)
1392:(1704–?)
531:(1825).
495:See also
408:New York
404:Brooklyn
190:Maryland
186:Virginia
72:American
2460:Related
2254:Beloved
2238:Kindred
2206:Jubilee
2198:Our Nig
376:on the
315:In the
264:Norwalk
194:Georgia
131:Norwalk
107:Casket,
32:c. 1784
2574:(2008)
2566:(2002)
2558:(1867)
2550:(2008)
2542:(1931)
2534:(1847)
2526:(1783)
2452:(2008)
2444:(2003)
2425:(2022)
2417:(1859)
2409:(1858)
2390:(1853)
2372:Essays
2364:(2006)
2356:(1965)
2348:(1951)
2329:(2016)
2321:(2007)
2313:(2006)
2305:(2003)
2297:(2002)
2289:(2001)
2281:(1996)
2273:(1993)
2265:(1990)
2257:(1987)
2249:(1986)
2241:(1979)
2233:(1977)
2225:(1976)
2217:(1967)
2209:(1966)
2201:(1859)
2193:(1856)
2163:(1853)
2160:Clotel
2155:(1852)
2147:(1852)
2139:(1841)
2131:(1688)
2110:(2018)
2102:(1972)
2094:(1956)
2078:(1901)
2070:(1881)
2062:(1872)
2054:(1861)
2046:(1855)
2038:(1853)
2030:(1849)
2022:(1845)
2014:(1839)
2006:(1816)
1998:(1789)
1747:–1901)
1743:(1815
1665:(1834)
1547:Canada
1472:Europe
1329:Africa
1228:
1202:
1165:
1140:
1108:
908:
881:
732:years.
602:
565:
368:Family
198:Casket
192:, and
85:Spouse
2398:Plays
1200:S2CID
512:Notes
394:Death
121:from
2422:Omar
1455:Asia
1226:ISBN
1163:ISBN
1138:ISBN
1106:ISBN
1048:2020
906:ISBN
879:ISBN
792:2016
727:2016
613:2016
600:ISBN
563:ISBN
335:and
278:and
238:The
227:and
145:and
41:Died
29:Born
2136:Sab
1192:doi
1010:NPR
817:NPR
212:to
204:to
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