257:, the 1851 world fair at the Crystal Palace in London, England. A second similar opportunity came in 1855 with the Universal Exposition in Paris. Canada's participation in these high-profile events stimulated international interest in Canadian minerals and brought personal honours to Logan. Logan exhibited Charles and Henry's asphalt, where it won an honorable mention. He received the French Cross of the Legion of Honour from Napoleon III in 1855, and his greatest honour, his knighthood bestowed by Queen Victoria at Windsor Castle in 1856. That same year he was awarded the
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continued funding for the GSC, although he would use his own funds when necessary; he was an independently wealthy man, and to the despair of many parents hoping to snag him as a son-in-law, his response was always that he was "married to the rocks." By the late 1850s, Logan had built the GSC into a well-rounded organization capable of conducting rigorous exploration, making maps, analyzing and identifying mineral and fossil specimens, producing reports, and maintaining a public museum.
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211:, a former naval officer, as his assistant. The rapid industrial advances in England since the late 18th century had shown how essential coal was to economic expansion. With the accepted belief that North America's destiny lay in applying industrial technology to rich natural resources, the search for coal became the Survey's first priority.
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works near
Swansea, Wales, on behalf of his uncle, Hart Logan. His self-taught talent for the subject soon brought his geological maps and interpretations to the attention of the most eminent geologists of Great Britain, and it was their later recommendations that clinched Logan's appointment as the founding director of the
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In addition to Logan's skills at geological observation and surviving in the wilds, he was an adept manager; during the 1850s he built up the staff of the GSC, adding a paleontologist, a chemist, more geologists, and a museum technician, amongst others. He also lobbied the government successfully for
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The 1843 field season saw Logan working between Pictou, Nova Scotia, and the Gaspé, as well as Murray between Lake Erie and Lake Huron. The following year, Logan mapped the north shore of the Gaspé Peninsula and then explored inland to the mountains along the Cap Chat River. Logan's assistants named
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Logan was sent to
Edinburgh to receive an education. As was common at the time for young men of means, he learned languages (French, Spanish, some Gaelic and German), music (flute), and became an accomplished artist. In the 1830s, Logan became fascinated with geology while managing a copper-smelting
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In 1869, Logan's geological map of Canada was published (the map is actually dated 1866). On a scale of 1 inch to 25 miles, it showed the geology and geography of southeastern Canada as far west as
Manitoba and as far north as lakes St. John, Timiskaming, Nipigon, and St. Joseph. In 1864, a smaller
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Logan also made many important discoveries in the early days of the Survey. For example, he identified several broad geological divisions: folded rocks covering Quebec's Gaspé Peninsula and
Eastern Townships; the nearly flat-lying limestones that extend west from Montreal to Lake Huron; and much
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Based on information gathered during the first two field seasons, Logan was able to report that no coal deposits were to be found in the
Province of Canada. Logan's conclusion undoubtedly made the idea of amalgamating with the coal-rich Maritime Provinces attractive, and was one of the factors
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The need for an organization that could chart the mineral resources of the newly established
Province of Canada (following the merger of Upper and Lower Canada) had been under discussion for over a decade. Government funds were allocated in 1841 and Logan took up his duties in 1842.
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Logan was also an influential museum builder. In 1856, he was authorized by the government to establish a
Geological Museum open to the public – which he did at the GSC headquarters in Montreal. This museum was to grow through the years, and both the
284:. Representing all the work of the organization up to that date, this 983-page book recorded everything known about Canadian geology. It received national and international acclaim for its content, style, and precision.
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older crystalline rocks extending north an unknown distance from
Kingston, Ottawa, and Montreal. The latter soon proved to be the southernmost exposed section of Canada's mineral-rich Precambrian Shield.
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scale version of this same map (1 inch to 125 miles) had been printed in atlas form, making it the first comprehensive illustration of the geology of what is now the southern part of
Ontario and Quebec.
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William Edmond Logan was born into a well-to-do
Montreal family in 1798, the third son of William Logan, a baker and owner of real estate, and Janet Edmond, both originally from Scotland.
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that was sent to Logan, noting that the material could be used to create asphalt, caulking material for ships or lamp fuel. The Survey's reports caught the attention of
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By the spring of 1843, Logan had established the Survey's headquarters in what he described as a "small and dark room" in Montreal. He had also hired Scottish-born
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The 1850s saw the beginning of the great international expositions, and Logan was a talented promoter of Canada's mineral resources abroad, starting with the
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the highest peak in his honour (this Mount Logan is not to be confused with Canada's highest mountain, which is located in Yukon and also named for him).
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Smith, Charles and Dyck, Ian (editors), William E. Logan's 1845 Survey of the Upper Ottawa Valley, Canadian Museum of Civilization, Gatineau, 2007
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as one of the 100 most important Canadian books. The list was intended to identify the books that had "changed our country's psychic landscape."
314:, the home of his sister, Elizabeth Gower, on 22 June 1875, and is buried in the churchyard of St Llawddog at Cilgerran, Pembrokeshire, Wales.
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Vodden, Christy, No Stone Unturned: The First 150 Years of the Geological Survey of Canada, Minister of Supply and Services, Ottawa, 1992
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magazine, in July 1998, named Logan 'Canada's Greatest Scientist' in their feature "The 100 Most Important Canadians in History."
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Winder, C. Gordon, William Edmond Logan (1798–1875): Knighted Canadian Geologist, Trafford on Demand Publishing, 2004
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Canada's Victorian Oil Town : the Transformation of Petrolia from Resource Town into a Victorian Community
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Canada's Victorian Oil Town : the Transformation of Petrolia from Resource Town into a Victorian Community
326:, Canada's highest mountain, was named in Logan's honour in 1890 by I.C. Russell of the U.S. Geological Survey.
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After failing to find any extensive coal deposits in the Province of Canada, Logan became interested in the
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One of the most important accomplishments of the GSC under Logan was the publication in 1863 of the
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Winder, C. Gordon, LOGAN, Sir WILLIAM EDMOND, Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Vol. X,
184:-born geologist and the founder and first director of the Geological Survey of Canada.
507:. Montreal, Kingston, London and Ithaca: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 70.
441:. Montreal, Kingston, London and Ithaca: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 65.
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Harrington, Bernard, J., Life of Sir William E. Logan, Dawson Brothers, Montreal, 1883
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Fairbank, Charles (2018). "Oil Springs, Ontario: The Living, Breathing Dinosaur".
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as a potential substitute. In the Report of the Geological Survey for 1849–1850,
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Geological Survey of Canada: Report of Progress from its Commencement to 1863
265:. Throughout his career, Logan was to receive dozens of prestigious awards.
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Hard oiler! : the story of canadians' quest for oil at home and abroad
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In 2005, the Literary Review of Canada chose Logan's landmark publication
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L’histoire de la Commission géologique du Canada illustrée par 175 objets
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Written in Stone: William E. Logan and the Geological Survey of Canada
333:, discovered by GSC scientist Ann Sabina at the Francon Quarry in
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565:"Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online: William Edmond Logan"
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The History of the Geological Survey of Canada in 175 Objects
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http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/logan_william_edmond_10E.html
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William Edmond Logan (1798–1875): Canada's Super-Rocker!!
554:, Geological Society of America, Memoir 1, 1934, pg. 1.
348:, established in 1964, annually as its highest honour.
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People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh
306:Logan retired in 1869 at the age of 71. He died at
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784:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
759:Honorary Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
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540:. Toronto: John Lovell. pp. 372, 395.
538:Canada at the Universal Exhibition of 1855
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255:Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations
656:Professional and academic associations
632:Sir William Logan, 200th birthday essay
609:Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
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238:analyzed a one hundred pound sample of
180:(20 April 1798 – 22 June 1875), was a
739:Geological Survey of Canada personnel
724:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
550:Charles Schuchert, Carl Owen Dunbar,
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734:19th-century Canadian civil servants
552:Stratigraphy of western Newfoundland
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754:Canadian people of Scottish descent
769:Recipients of the Legion of Honour
219:leading to Confederation in 1867.
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289:Geological Survey of Newfoundland
709:19th-century Canadian scientists
342:Geological Association of Canada
337:in 1966 was named in his honour.
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51:Sir William Edmond Logan (1869)
794:Scottish expatriates in Canada
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729:Université de Montréal alumni
602:Sir William Logan 1798 - 1875
764:Fellows of the Royal Society
714:19th-century Scottish people
263:Geological Society of London
261:, the highest award of the
198:Geological Survey of Canada
155:Geological Survey of Canada
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287:In 1864 Logan founded the
275:Canadian Museum of History
108:"Geology of Canada" (1863)
16:British-Canadian geologist
749:Canadian Knights Bachelor
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594:30 September 2007 at the
503:Burr, Christina. (2006).
437:Burr, Christina. (2006).
277:trace their roots to it.
271:Canadian Museum of Nature
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681:Daniel Wilson (academic)
672:Royal Canadian Institute
620:Sir William Logan Online
168:Sir William Edmond Logan
789:Scottish civil servants
779:Wollaston Medal winners
474:. Dundurn. p. 23.
299:as the first director.
244:Charles and Henry Tripp
99:University of Edinburgh
598:(English and French)
536:Taché, J.C. (1856).
291:, on request of the
232:Enniskillen Township
28:William Edmond Logan
799:Scottish geologists
774:Royal Medal winners
744:Canadian geologists
664:John Charles Fields
625:24 May 2019 at the
470:May, Gary. (1998).
293:colonial government
318:Posthumous honours
236:Thomas Sterry Hunt
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677:Succeeded by
670:President of the
607:Biography at the
514:978-0-7735-7590-5
481:978-1-4597-1312-3
448:978-0-7735-7590-5
329:The rare mineral
282:Geology of Canada
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134:Scientific career
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81:(1875-06-22)
79:22 June 1875
68:Lower Canada
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704:1875 deaths
699:1798 births
346:Logan Medal
344:awards the
324:Mount Logan
124:Royal Medal
693:Categories
490:1127560811
392:References
331:weloganite
523:951204013
457:951204013
418:(1): 38.
352:Maclean's
157:(1842–69)
623:Archived
592:Archived
424:26452203
335:Montreal
273:and the
182:Canadian
64:Montreal
240:bitumen
228:bitumen
200:(GSC).
144:Geology
89:, Wales
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140:Fields
127:(1867)
120:(1856)
113:Awards
570:3 May
420:JSTOR
312:Wales
679:Sir
572:2023
519:OCLC
509:ISBN
486:OCLC
476:ISBN
453:OCLC
443:ISBN
340:The
188:Life
172:FRSE
76:Died
57:Born
32:FRSE
310:in
178:FGS
175:FRS
38:FGS
35:FRS
25:Sir
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