703:
542:
396:, as Research Associate in mammalian genetics. In 1955 he was awarded the Kimber Genetics Award of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. His last of 242 papers was published in 1961 when he was 91 years old.
249:
in 1892 and in 1893 took a second A.B. degree with honors. He was appointed laboratory assistant in zoology, an A.M. degree in 1894 and a Ph.D. in 1895. He then taught zoology at the
767:
380:'s belief in the sufficiency of small variations (acted upon by natural selection over long periods of time) to explain evolution. He realized that the traits acted upon could be
747:
303:. Formulated in the terms "as soon as selection is arrested the race remains stable at the degree of purity then attained", it appeared in his paper of November that year.
368:
His work with hooded rats provided important evidence that evolution could occur by the action of selection on small variations in traits. Other biologists (including
495:, Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Vol. 39, No. 8 (Nov., 1903), pp. 223–242, at p. 237. Published by: American Academy of Arts & Sciences
762:
404:
In 1896, Castle married Clara Sears
Bosworth, and they had three sons, one of whom died as a teenager. The others became professors at Harvard,
337:
289:
250:
153:
752:
742:
737:
393:
161:
237:, where he published his first paper on the flowering plants of the area. After three years of teaching, botany won out over Latin.
680:
529:
405:
295:
In 1903 Castle intervened in the debate on mathematical foundations of
Mendelian genetics. He corrected some tentative work of
444:
356:
was founded in 1912, he served as a member of its scientific advisory board, and in 1916 he was one of the 10 founders of the
345:
757:
732:
653:
452:
124:
707:
645:
352:
who graduated in 1915. The same year he was elected to membership in the U.S. National
Academy of Sciences. When the
381:
512:
526:
T.H. Morgan's Nobel Prize biography mentioning C. W. Woodworth's suggestion and W. E. Castle's use of
Drosophila.
373:
310:
suggested to Castle that
Drosophila might be used for genetical work. Castle was the first to use the fruit fly
299:
on breeding by deliberate selection and genetics. In so doing, he anticipated what has now become known as the
312:
254:
157:
300:
89:
685:
532:, Physiology or Medicine 1922–1941, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1965.) Retrieved May 14, 2018.
353:
175:
615:
392:
Castle retired from
Harvard in 1936 when the Bussey Institution closed, and took up a position at the
727:
722:
307:
641:
413:
258:
676:
671:
496:
361:
357:
341:
277:
246:
214:
78:
74:
493:
The Laws of
Heredity of Galton and Mendel, and Some Laws Governing Race Improvement by Selection
597:
230:
113:
587:
579:
417:
689:
218:
210:
592:
567:
377:
234:
467:
716:
349:
191:
171:
17:
369:
583:
520:
325:
317:
440:
285:
273:
194:
674:
and
Sheldon Reed (1993) William Ernest Castle, Pioneer Mammalian Geneticist,
296:
702:
601:
409:
222:
500:
281:
226:
206:
272:
Castle returned to
Harvard in 1897. His early work focused on
141:
Genetics of mammals (especially the guinea pig) and insects (
692:'s book, "The Making of the Fittest", W.W. Norton 2006)
445:"William ernest castle 1867—1962 A Biographical Memoir"
686:
348:
in 1910. At Harvard, his most famous PhD student was
646:"William B. castle 1897—1990 A Biographical Memoir"
167:
149:
137:
119:
108:
100:
84:
70:
58:
39:
32:
568:"Harvard, Agriculture, and the Bussey Institution"
435:
433:
190:(October 25, 1867 – June 3, 1962) was an early
684:W.E. Castle and John Charles Phillips (1914),
768:Members of the American Philosophical Society
8:
205:William Ernest Castle was born on a farm in
344:for Applied Biology. He was elected to the
221:, Ohio, a Baptist college that emphasized
29:
591:
288:. That same year, he was elected to the
748:University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
472:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
429:
338:Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology
290:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
225:, and went on to become a teacher of
7:
316:, and it was his work that inspired
566:Weir, John "Jack" A. (April 1994).
245:Castle entered the senior class of
394:University of California, Berkeley
162:University of California, Berkeley
25:
513:"Thomas H. Morgan – Biographical"
284:genetics, especially that of the
701:
763:Modern synthesis (20th century)
324:and the basis of Morgan's 1933
276:, but after the rediscovery of
251:University of Wisconsin–Madison
154:University of Wisconsin–Madison
622:. National Academy of Sciences
346:American Philosophical Society
336:In 1908 Castle moved from the
209:and took an early interest in
1:
213:. He graduated in 1889 from
123:Kimber Genetics Award of the
654:National Academy of Sciences
453:National Academy of Sciences
125:National Academy of Sciences
584:10.1093/genetics/136.4.1227
784:
753:Harvard University faculty
743:Harvard University alumni
738:Denison University alumni
181:
130:
616:"Kimber Genetics Award"
468:"William Ernest Castle"
313:Drosophila melanogaster
143:Drosophila melanogaster
94:Drosophila melanogaster
354:Eugenics Record Office
280:in 1900, he turned to
176:William Curtis Farabee
160:, Harvard University,
112:Three sons, including
710:at Wikimedia Commons
642:Jandl, James Harriman
441:Dunn, Leslie Clarence
188:William Ernest Castle
18:William Ernest Castle
758:American eugenicists
733:American geneticists
547:search.amphilsoc.org
543:"APS Member History"
308:Charles W. Woodworth
104:Clara Sears Bosworth
88:Anticipation of the
261:, each for a year.
259:Galesburg, Illinois
96:for genetic studies
27:American geneticist
412:, and the younger
358:scientific journal
342:Bussey Institution
332:Bussey Institution
301:Hardy–Weinberg law
278:Mendelian genetics
247:Harvard University
215:Denison University
90:Hardy–Weinberg law
79:Harvard University
75:Denison University
708:William E. Castle
706:Media related to
406:William B. Castle
231:Ottawa University
185:
184:
132:Scientific career
114:William B. Castle
34:William E. Castle
16:(Redirected from
775:
705:
659:
658:
650:
638:
632:
631:
629:
627:
612:
606:
605:
595:
578:(4): 1227–1231.
563:
557:
556:
554:
553:
539:
533:
524:
509:
503:
489:
483:
482:
480:
479:
464:
458:
457:
449:
437:
418:plant physiology
168:Notable students
65:
50:October 25, 1867
49:
47:
30:
21:
783:
782:
778:
777:
776:
774:
773:
772:
713:
712:
699:
672:George D. Snell
668:
666:Further reading
663:
662:
648:
640:
639:
635:
625:
623:
614:
613:
609:
565:
564:
560:
551:
549:
541:
540:
536:
511:
510:
506:
490:
486:
477:
475:
466:
465:
461:
447:
439:
438:
431:
426:
402:
390:
334:
270:
243:
211:natural history
203:
63:
54:
51:
45:
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
781:
779:
771:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
715:
714:
698:
697:External links
695:
694:
693:
682:
667:
664:
661:
660:
633:
607:
558:
534:
530:Nobel Lectures
521:Les Prix Nobel
517:nobelprize.org
504:
491:W. E. Castle,
484:
459:
428:
427:
425:
422:
401:
398:
389:
386:
382:multifactorial
376:) had doubted
333:
330:
269:
263:
242:
239:
235:Ottawa, Kansas
202:
199:
183:
182:
179:
178:
169:
165:
164:
151:
147:
146:
139:
135:
134:
128:
127:
121:
117:
116:
110:
106:
105:
102:
98:
97:
86:
85:Known for
82:
81:
72:
68:
67:
66:(aged 94)
60:
56:
55:
52:
41:
37:
36:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
780:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
720:
718:
711:
709:
704:
696:
691:
690:S. B. Carroll
687:
683:
681:
679:
678:
673:
670:
669:
665:
656:
655:
647:
643:
637:
634:
621:
620:nasonline.org
617:
611:
608:
603:
599:
594:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
562:
559:
548:
544:
538:
535:
531:
527:
522:
518:
514:
508:
505:
502:
498:
494:
488:
485:
473:
469:
463:
460:
455:
454:
446:
442:
436:
434:
430:
423:
421:
419:
415:
414:Edward Castle
411:
407:
399:
397:
395:
387:
385:
383:
379:
375:
374:William Bates
371:
366:
364:
363:
359:
355:
351:
350:Sewall Wright
347:
343:
339:
331:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
314:
309:
304:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
268:
264:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
240:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
200:
198:
196:
193:
189:
180:
177:
173:
172:Sewall Wright
170:
166:
163:
159:
155:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
118:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
61:
57:
42:
38:
31:
19:
700:
675:
652:
636:
624:. Retrieved
619:
610:
575:
571:
561:
550:. Retrieved
546:
537:
525:
516:
507:
492:
487:
476:. Retrieved
474:. 2023-02-09
471:
462:
451:
403:
391:
370:T. H. Huxley
367:
360:
335:
321:
311:
306:At Harvard,
305:
294:
271:
266:
265:Harvard and
255:Knox College
244:
204:
187:
186:
158:Knox College
150:Institutions
142:
131:
93:
64:(1962-06-03)
62:June 3, 1962
728:1962 deaths
723:1867 births
388:Later years
326:Nobel Prize
318:T.H. Morgan
253:and at the
201:Early years
717:Categories
688:(cited in
552:2023-12-05
478:2023-12-05
424:References
322:Drosophila
286:guinea pig
274:embryology
267:Drosophila
195:geneticist
46:1867-10-25
297:Udny Yule
282:mammalian
241:Education
219:Granville
92:; use of
71:Education
53:Ohio, USA
677:Genetics
572:Genetics
501:20021870
410:medicine
362:Genetics
223:classics
192:American
109:Children
626:May 14,
602:8013900
593:1205903
340:to the
320:to use
600:
590:
528:(From
499:
400:Family
384:. (2)
378:Darwin
138:Fields
120:Awards
101:Spouse
649:(PDF)
497:JSTOR
448:(PDF)
416:, of
227:Latin
628:2018
598:PMID
372:and
207:Ohio
59:Died
40:Born
588:PMC
580:doi
576:136
408:of
257:in
233:in
229:at
217:in
719::
651:.
644:.
618:.
596:.
586:.
574:.
570:.
545:.
519:.
515:.
470:.
450:.
443:.
432:^
420:.
365:.
328:.
292:.
197:.
174:,
156:,
77:,
657:.
630:.
604:.
582::
555:.
523:.
481:.
456:.
145:)
48:)
44:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.