497:, and Curley Johnson as having more information, but the three men were already dead. Eventually, a safecracker associated with Grammer named Asa Kirby as the bomber, but before agents could interview Kirby he was shot dead in a "failed jewel heist". Investigators believed that to orchestrate the killing, Hale had tipped off both Kirby and the store owner as to a potential heist of a shipment of diamonds. After this revelation, investigators began to believe Hale was possibly murdering witnesses, with some accusations he tampered with Grammer's car brakes and had poisoned Johnson. Eventually, Burt Lawson, a man serving a prison sentence in McAlester, Oklahoma, came forward to testify he was instructed by Hale and Ernest Burkhart to plant the explosive device in the Smiths' home.
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504:. Hale had bought the life insurance policy in 1921; after his first application had been denied, he reapplied to a second life insurance company with a note signed by Roan certifying that Roan owed Hale $ 25,000 and was approved. When obtaining the required doctor's evaluation for the policy, Hale was asked by the doctor "Bill, what are you going to do, kill this Indian?" to which he responded "Hell yes."
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held that federal courts had jurisdiction) in
Guthrie, Oklahoma. By the time of their first trial, Ernest Burkhart had been sentenced to life imprisonment in Oklahoma courts. The jury began deliberations on August 20 and five days later Hale and Ramsey's first trial resulted in a hung jury. After the
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Mollie later suffered symptoms of poisoning. Mollie fell ill, but later discovered the poisoning and recovered when she moved away. She divorced Ernest afterward, and their children inherited Mollie's estate. Hale's full plan is suspected to have involved the unrealized murders of Mollie, Ernest, and
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Hale was sentenced to life in prison but was paroled on July 31, 1947. During a visit, Hale's relatives said he once remarked, "If that damn Ernest had kept his mouth shut we'd be rich today." He moved to
Phoenix, Arizona around 1950 and died in a nursing home there on August 15, 1962. He was buried
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Agents were also tipped off when they realized the order and methods of the murders appeared to be done in a particular fashion to maximize Mollie's inheritance. For example, Anna Brown was murdered first after her divorce to ensure that her inheritance went to family instead of her former husband,
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to investigate. Investigators initially had trouble finding witnesses with Dick Gregg, a former member of the Al
Spencer gang, being the only living witness. Gregg told investigators Hale had attempted to hire the Al Spencer gang to kill Bill and Reta Smith, but Spencer, the leader of the gang, had
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In 1923, George
Bigheart was taken to Oklahoma City for treatment after drinking poisoned whiskey. Hale and Ernest took Bigheart to the hospital where he asked to see his attorney William Vaughn. Vaughn was killed on the railroad right-of-way outside Pawhuska, Oklahoma the next day after consulting
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in Osage County. He had considerable influence over the local Osage County prosecutor. During his election campaign, the prosecutor sought Hale's endorsement and after receiving it won every precinct near Hale's ranch. Hale used this connection to confer with local investigators during the initial
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In May 1921, Hale hired Kelsie
Morrison to kill Mollie's sister Anna Brown. Morrison later confessed to the murder saying Hale had hired him in exchange for forgiving a $ 600 debt Morrison owed. Half of Anna's headrights were inherited by her mother Lizzie Q, who died exactly sixty days later. Her
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and $ 500 to kill Roan. Hale denied the allegations and claimed to be in Fort Worth at a livestock show during the bombing at the Smiths' house and that he had no reason to want Roan dead. Jury deliberations began on
October 28, and the next morning the jury found them both guilty of first-degree
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by non-Osage people in order to curb the Osage Indian
Murders. Later, in 1978, Congress amended the 1925 legislation, eliminating the blood quantum requirement and adding in language which extended inheritance of Osage mineral headrights to legally adopted children (Osage and non-Osage) of Osage
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murder and sentenced them to life in prison. Hale appealed and was retried. The case was retried in federal court in
Guthrie, Oklahoma, but ended in another hung jury. The next trial in Oklahoma City resulted in another guilty sentence, this time for 99 years. Hale appealed to the
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first trial, several witnesses were indicted, tried, and convicted for taking bribes or giving threatened testimony. Hale and Ramsey's second trial was scheduled for late
October. The trial was transferred to Oklahoma City. Ernest testified that Hale paid Ramsey a new
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bank, and a part interest in the town's general store and funeral home; He also served as a reserve deputy sheriff for
Fairfax. In addition, he owned a 5,000-acre (20 km) ranch (and leased another 45,000 acres (180 km) from Osage landowners).
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to look into the murders. The investigator would later reveal to federal agents that he was hired, not to solve the murders but to manufacture evidence and to coach witnesses to "shape an alibi" for Hale and his accomplices. A
333:, an Osage town, to manage a ranch, and by 1907 he partnered with local bankers to buy his own ranch. Hale was reportedly uneducated, but amassed a fortune through insurance fraud and unfair trade with the native Osage people.
423:, was found shot dead in his car. Hale held a $ 25,000 life insurance policy on Roan. Hale referred to Roan as a "good friend" and served as a pallbearer at his funeral. Hale was later convicted for the murder of Roan.
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Eventually (Hale) became a millionaire, who dominated local politics and seemingly could not be punished for any of the many crimes ...His method of building up power and prestige was... by means of gifts and
544:(who had been in state custody for murdering a police officer) willing to testify that Ernest tried to hire him to do the killings. When confronted with Ernest's testimony, Hale maintained his innocence.
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A warrant for Hale and Ernest's arrest was issued on January 4, 1926, for the murders of Bill and Reta Smith. Ernest was apprehended immediately, but Hale could not be found. According to
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in Kansas. The warden during his stay was Tom White, the man who had headed the investigation into the Osage Indian murders. There Hale worked in the tuberculosis ward and on a
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before settling in what would become Osage County around 1900. By the 1920s, he had amassed substantial influence in the county when he ordered the contract killings of
636:. During his sentence he never admitted to the murders, and a psychological evaluator noted "he has put behind him any feeling of shame or repentance he may have had."
571:. The case was moved to state court and his first hearing was March 12. According to David Grann, he recited a poem to his supporters in the courtroom saying
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In March 1922, Anna Sanford died under mysterious circumstances after marrying Tom McCoy. After Sanford's death, McCoy married Hale's niece.
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In March 1923, Reta Smith, her husband, and a housekeeper were killed when the Smiths' home was bombed. Mollie inherited Reta's headrights.
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lodge pin fastened to the lapel." Hale maintained his innocence, so federal agents focused on interrogating Ernest; he broke and
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in October 1929, sentenced to life in prison, and released on parole in July 1947. Hale died in Arizona in 1962.
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The Osage Nation Tribal Council requested the Bureau of Investigation to examine the murders. The Bureau sent
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William Hale in 1926 (second from the left) and John Ramsey (third from left) flanked by two U.S. Marshals
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329:), and by 1900 his wife had joined him where they lived in a tent and raised cattle. By 1905, he moved to
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297:, on December 24, 1874. His mother died when he was three years old. At age sixteen he began working as a
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The Invasion of Indian Country in the Twentieth Century: American Capitalism and Tribal Natural Resources
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and a new trial was ordered. Hale was tried a final time in federal court at Pawhuska, Oklahoma.
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people and the descendants of those adopted children, in addition to their direct lineal heirs.
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Hale generated additional suspicion when he brought suit to collect a life insurance policy for
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declined because killing a woman was "not my style." Gregg pointed investigators to Al Spencer,
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An Act: To amend certain laws relating to the Osage Tribe of Oklahoma, and for other purposes.
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and the Mullendores family. The ranch land was later broken up and sold to smaller ranchers.
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passed a law to bar the inheritance of Osage headrights from Osage people with over 1/2
1017:"'Reign of Terror' in Oklahoma: the harrowing history behind a string of Osage murders"
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of Oklahoma courts. Hale legal counsel included former attorney general of Oklahoma
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special agent in charge of investigating Hale, wrote in a 1932 memo to FBI Director
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He proclaimed himself "King of the Osage", owned a controlling interest of the
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and Reta and Bill Smith were killed simultaneously in a bombing to trigger a
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reports Hale as a mastermind of murders with detailed evidence. In the 2023
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He was convicted in federal court on October 29, 1929, for the murder of
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1405:"How Scorsese, DiCaprio and De Niro Made 'Killers of the Flower Moon'"
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Hale was tried alongside John Ramsey in July 1926 for the murder of
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Police, chief of Fairfax Police, Osage County prosecutor, and local
1303:"Killers of the Flower Moon: The true story behind Scorsese's film"
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A cousin, Charles Whitehorn, was shot and killed a few weeks later.
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People convicted of murder by the United States federal government
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Judge Not! The clouds of seeming guilt may dim thy brother's fame
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their children, leaving the Kyle-Burkhart estate solely to Hale.
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Freedom of Information Act documents on the Osage Indian Murders
256:. He was convicted in federal court for ordering the murder of
863:(2nd ed.). University Press of Colorado. pp. 39–47.
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in federal court (after the United States Supreme Court case
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For Fate may throw suspicion's shade upon the brightest name.
691:, who received many awards and nominations, including an
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other heirs were Mollie, Reta Smith, and Grace Bigheart.
1229:"Transcript 'In Trust' Episode Four: The Guardianship"
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While under trial in 1926, Hale sold his ranch to the
197:(December 24, 1874 – August 15, 1962) was an American
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United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit
317:. At the turn of the 20th century, he settled in the
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FBI Pressroom: Murder and Mayhem in the Osage Hills
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946:. The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture
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737:While Hale was only convicted for the murder of
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477:(BOI) report eventually concluded the chief of
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389:and Byron Burkhart, conspired to kill several
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464:investigation of Anna Brown's murder. After
1129:"Indian Insurance Case May Involve Murders"
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416:with Bigheart. Bigheart later died as well.
16:American cattleman and murderer (1874–1962)
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1227:Adams-Heard, Rachel (September 19, 2022).
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974:Jacobson, Stephanie (November 18, 2022).
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19:For other people named William Hale, see
1613:Perpetrators of the Osage Indian murders
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1509:Morrison v State Appellate Court ruling
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172:First degree murder (18 U.S.C. § 452)
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896:Howell, Melissa (January 12, 2014).
795:Christian, Jason (August 14, 2013).
1568:American people convicted of murder
976:"Oil, Greed, and the Osage Murders"
540:after being confronted with outlaw
1578:Anti-Indigenous racism in Oklahoma
1474:The Years of Fear: A Western Story
1388:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
1015:Hayes, Jana (September 14, 2023).
451:Sunday edition on February 7, 1926
419:In February 1923, another cousin,
14:
1608:People paroled from life sentence
1588:Freemasonry-related controversies
459:and an influential member of the
120:Being a major perpetrator of the
381:, Reta Smith, and William Vaughn
1403:Buchanan, Kyle (May 22, 2023).
752:Federal Bureau of Investigation
377:1926 newspaper illustration of
1603:People from Hunt County, Texas
603:United States v. Ramsey (1926)
1:
1360:. August 17, 1962. p. 27
1301:Rife, Katie (July 17, 2023).
21:William Hale (disambiguation)
443:Political cartoon depicting
213:. He made a fortune through
1368:– via Newspapers.com.
1144:– via Newspapers.com.
551:wanted Hale to be tried in
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1452:Killers of the Flower Moon
725:Killers of the Flower Moon
676:Killers of the Flower Moon
447:and William Hale from the
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270:Killers of the Flower Moon
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1558:American political bosses
1136:. May 27, 1925. p. 4
569:Sargent Prentiss Freeling
293:William Hale was born in
252:to gain control of their
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857:Fixicio, Donald (2012).
693:Academy Award nomination
687:, Hale was portrayed by
630:Leavenworth Penitentiary
620:Leavenworth Penitentiary
483:Office of Indian Affairs
1583:Criminals from Oklahoma
1563:American serial killers
538:turned state's evidence
475:Bureau of Investigation
655:United States Congress
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512:clause in their will.
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385:Hale and his nephews,
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327:Osage County, Oklahoma
207:Osage County, Oklahoma
898:"The Reign of Terror"
549:Department of Justice
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516:Arrest and conviction
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397:after Ernest married
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1307:Entertainment Weekly
645:in Wichita, Kansas.
470:private investigator
369:Osage Indian murders
211:Osage Indian murders
122:Osage Indian murders
1553:American Freemasons
1279:, pp. 217–218.
1217:, pp. 202–203.
1205:, pp. 198–202.
1181:, pp. 185–189.
1157:, pp. 157–160.
1117:, pp. 179–181.
1105:, pp. 173–176.
1081:, pp. 135–136.
714:Jason Christian of
250:criminal conspiracy
232:, Hale worked as a
1618:Oklahoma Democrats
1548:American cattlemen
1409:The New York Times
908:on March 24, 2016.
750:Later renamed the
722:gives Campbell in
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510:simultaneous death
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401:, a native Osage:
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323:Oklahoma Territory
295:Hunt County, Texas
230:Hunt County, Texas
1514:William King Hale
1353:"William K. Hale"
1134:Tulsa Daily World
1002:, pp. 82–84.
797:"Terror's Legacy"
782:, pp. 66–67.
563:, fell under the
490:undercover agents
449:Enid Morning News
277:portrayed him in
219:contract killings
195:William King Hale
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182:Life imprisonment
60:December 24, 1874
32:William King Hale
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1518:Find a Grave
1473:
1457:. Retrieved
1451:
1447:Grann, David
1439:
1438:
1420:. Retrieved
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983:. Retrieved
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948:. Retrieved
943:
938:May, Jon D.
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906:the original
901:
874:. Retrieved
859:
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391:Osage people
384:
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319:Osage Nation
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194:
193:
99:Burial place
81:(1962-08-15)
44:Hale in 1922
25:
1543:1962 deaths
1538:1874 births
1469:Grove, Fred
1455:. Doubleday
1238:October 11,
720:David Grann
671:David Grann
634:prison farm
530:David Grann
455:Hale was a
399:Mollie Kyle
265:David Grann
246:Mollie Kyle
64:Hunt County
1532:Categories
1435:References
1364:August 16,
1339:Grann 2017
1327:Grann 2017
1289:Grann 2017
1277:Grann 2017
1265:Grann 2017
1253:Grann 2017
1215:Grann 2017
1203:Grann 2017
1191:Grann 2017
1179:Grann 2017
1167:Grann 2017
1155:Grann 2017
1115:Grann 2017
1103:Grann 2017
1091:Grann 2017
1079:Grann 2017
1067:Grann 2017
1055:Grann 2017
1043:Grove 2002
1000:Grann 2017
919:Grann 2017
824:Grann 2017
780:Grove 2002
739:Henry Roan
626:Henry Roan
598:Henry Roan
502:Henry Roan
479:Ponca City
466:Henry Roan
421:Henry Roan
393:for their
379:Henry Roan
331:Gray Horse
303:West Texas
289:Early life
258:Henry Roan
254:headrights
203:crime boss
132:Democratic
109:Occupation
56:1874-12-24
1417:0362-4331
762:Citations
561:allotment
335:Tom White
199:political
149:Relatives
112:Cattleman
1471:(2002).
1459:July 23,
1449:(2017).
1422:June 15,
1312:July 22,
1140:July 22,
985:July 22,
950:July 22,
876:July 22,
806:July 22,
666:In media
311:Comanche
281:'s 2023
228:Born in
155:(nephew)
1384:Pub. L.
534:Masonic
363:Murders
356:Fairfax
350:favors.
142:Paroled
91:Arizona
87:Phoenix
1481:
1415:
1392:95–496
1390:
902:NewsOK
867:
754:(FBI).
649:Legacy
592:Trials
387:Ernest
337:, the
325:, now
321:(then
299:cowboy
244:woman
234:cowboy
221:, and
184:(1929)
144:(1947)
93:, U.S.
70:, U.S.
1440:Books
699:Notes
307:Kiowa
242:Osage
68:Texas
1479:ISBN
1461:2023
1424:2023
1413:ISSN
1366:2023
1314:2023
1240:2022
1142:2023
1030:2023
987:2023
952:2023
878:2023
865:ISBN
808:2023
609:Ford
547:The
201:and
76:Died
50:Born
1516:at
339:FBI
301:in
205:in
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