138:
598:
might really term a desperado, and that was Bill
Forrest, the only man General Forrest used to say that he ever felt afraid of. "No one living," said the General, "can tell when Bill's going to get mad." And whenever Bill got mad he shot, and he never missed his man. "He used to carry a 'navy' about this long," said my informant, putting his hands three feet apart, "and wore a long coat to hide it." Bill killed men almost at regular intervals, both before and after the war. I am told he killed many during the war, but that, I suppose, was legitimate. Since the war he slew men in Mississippi, and Alabama, and Georgia, and had to leave various cities in those various States because of these things. Where known he was feared, as a Western chronicler said of a border desperado, "much more than the Almighty." Yet he had many warm friends, and might have settled down into a man of peace had he not finally killed himself by dissipation.
44:
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198:
regular soldiers are notoriously poor at mingling with civilians to gain information. Even volunteer soldiers in uniform are somewhat at a disadvantage. Forrest's Scouts, who were more or less continuously commanded throughout various organizations by his brother, Captain Bill
Forrest, were never on the Confederate payroll. They came together in times of stress and fought bravely, mounted or on foot; however, they usually operated semi-independently. They were not spies; they were always armed and operated under direct control against the enemy. There was an informality about the Southern uniform, however, which allowed the scouts to appear to be civilians when it was desirable. Forrest was undoubtedly the best informed commander on either side.
253:
269:
296:, but Hurlburt "happened to be staying that night in the quarters of a colonel friend and thus missed capture." The U.S. Army gathered their forces in due course and began to run the rebels back out of town, and "a battery that Bill Forrest had run over but had not stopped to spike now gave the retiring raiders trouble, but they were soon withdrawing from the city with their captures, about six hundred men, a number of horses and mules, and private plunder." The hotel later installed a bronze plaque in the lobby commemorating the raid.
329:
566:
1866:
216:, wherein a character explains, "I was billeted with Captain Bill Forrest's company of Independents, sometimes known as the Forty Thieves, owing to their ability as foragers." An 1899 review of a Forrest biography described them similarly: "They drew no pay except from the enemy, and lived by foraging on the enemy when they could, and on friends when no enemy was at hand. Such troops, well directed, were particularly uncomfortable customers to those whom they wished to harass and disquiet."
288:, which ultimately yielded no major advantage but did plenty to embarrass U.S. Army officers who nominally controlled the town. A young Mississippian named William Brown Winter was in the unit led by Bill Forrest on the Memphis raid; "on the outskirts of Memphis they rode through a camp of black Union troops and shot it up." Forrest and his company rode their horses into the lobby of the elegant
1903:
597:
It was a terrible family, this
Forrest family. There were seven boys and three girls; the eldest of the sons being Nathan Bedford. All the sons grew up to be fighting men; and several were killed in the ranks of the Confederacy. There was only one of the seven, however, who turned out to be what we
150:
Bedford
Forrest's five younger brothers were "ideal junior partners" who contributed to a "building a formidable slave-trading operation." William H. Forrest began working for Bedford around 1857. Bill Forrest was described in a highly critical anti-Forrest article published in the aftermath of the
149:
Bill
Forrest was the fourth-born son of William and Miriam (Beck) Forrest, and he grew up in rural areas of Tennessee and northern Mississippi. The Forrest children were generally afforded little education as the family was preoccupied with subsistence farming and then animal trading. Later, Nathan
197:
Perhaps no part of
Forrest's organization is quite so characteristic of him as his use of scouts. Information is of tremendous importance in war. Forrest intuitively appreciated this from the very beginning; in his own unique way he organized the gathering of information extremely well. Trained
319:
this morning by about 100 rebels under Capt. Bill
Forrest, and all but one officer and two others killed, wounded or captured. A force of 100 Federals was sent in pursuit from Germantown, but failed to overtake the enemy. They found eight of their comrades, dead, along the road. Four were shot
43:
292:, "where he thumped on his desk with the butt end of his revolver to gain the attention of the clerk," and "there gave further instructions to his men, who barred all egress and streamed through the corridors in search of their prey." Forrest's mission was capturing General
348:
Post-bellum, William H. Forrest was involved in a number of shootings that made headlines in part due to his brother's fame. The most consequential of these was the assassination of a U.S. Army veteran and
Freedmen's Bureau sub-commissioner from Rhode Island named
137:
340:
In 1930, Warmoth wrote of Bill
Forrest, "He spent some time in New Orleans after the War and he well remembered our contests and the incidents of the battles which we fought. There was a pretty girl living near
173:. Holt had founded that community and was its first postmaster. Forrest was arrested 18 years later in Gonzalez, Texas. At the 1871 trial he was acquitted of murder by a jury of 11 whites "and one negro."
125:'s command as leader of a group of Confederate-aligned raiders called the Forty Thieves. After the war Forrest was involved in several shooting incidents and was implicated in the assassination of a
374:: "He has 'planted' his man and oftentimes men in very near all the Southern States and is about the last man for a noncombatant to rush up against." When William H. Forrest died in 1875, the
129:
sub-commissioner in 1866. Multiple accounts describe
Forrest as an unstable and lethal "desperado." Forrest died in 1875 of either "dissipation" (alcohol dependence) or "stomach congestion."
345:. We fought and drove each other to and fro by this girl's home day after day for a week. She said that Colonel Forrest was her 'Rebel Sweetheart' and that I was her 'Yankee Sweetheart.'"
357:, likely by a man named Tom Wilson. Forrest, described by the Freedmen's Bureau as the leader of a gang of local thugs, later clubbed a man who dared suggest there was anything amiss in
1949:
154:
as "an extensive negro trader at Vicksburg." According to historian Jack Hurst, Bill Forrest frequented St. Louis where he collected "sizable" gangs of Missouri slaves for resale.
1412:(Original publisher: J. H. Fürst Co., Baltimore). Southern Classics Series. Introduction by Michael Tadman (Reprint ed.). Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina Press.
181:
According to one database of Confederate military leadership, Forrest served as an officer in several Confederate cavalry units. He started out as a first lieutenant in the
1511:
157:
382:
wrote "Capt. Forrest was a brave man, and never took undue advantage of an enemy, however he was so dangerous that society will be better off because of his death."
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at Appomattox Court House, but before Bedford Forrest resigned in May 1865, Bill Forrest continued to battle. According to one news account, "Seventeen men of the
623:
1929:
1618:(Original publisher: Minton, Balch & Co., New York). Southern Classics Series. Preface by Walter Sullivan. Nashville: J. S. Sanders & Company.
1934:
208:
For at least part of the American Civil War, Forrest led a group colloquially known as the Forty Thieves. The nature of this group is described in
651:
published in 1912 alleged that "Capt. Bill Forrest, brother of General Forrest, once said that Jim Millaney was the only man he was afraid of."
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361:. The Freedmen's Bureau investigated the incident, which led to increased military presence in the region, but no arrests were ever made.
252:
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There were only four of the six Forrest brothers remaining at the end of the American Civil War ("Poor Fellows!—Their Occupation's Gone!"
574:
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attended Nathan Bedford Forrest's funeral in 1877 (two years after the death of Bill Forrest) and reported his observations in the
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1939:
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189:. However, at least one military historian argues that Forrest primarily operated outside the mainline
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In autumn 1853, when he was about 23 years old, Bill Forrest allegedly shot and killed James Holt of
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wrote almost 70 years later "My regiment fought Bill Forrest, brother of Nathan Bedford Forrest, at
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1193:"Forrest. He and Squire Dickinson Collide—Jesse and Wm. Forrest Interfere—A Flourish of Pistols..."
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958:"War of the Rebellion: Serial 077 Page 0017 Chapter LI. SKIRMISH NEAR MOUNT PLEASANT, MISS"
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and later an Alabama brigade; Forrest not arrested as of Thursday after Monday shooting
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1843:. Vol. XVII, no. 293. Chicago, Illinois. May 4, 1864. p. 3 – via
1913:
1763:
582:
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289:
1837:"The Butcher Forrest and His Family: All of them Slave Drivers and Woman Whippers"
1730:"Taking Profits, Making Myths: The Slave Trading Career of Nathan Bedford Forrest"
1902:
585:'s house in 1875; the cause was said to be "congestion stomach." The journalist
312:
165:
newspaper for the slave-trading firm in which William H. Forrest was a partner
1435:
628:
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1128:"Step Ten Feet and Pull - William Forrest Shoots Billy Davis at Hot Springs"
1808:(4). Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Command and General Staff College: 161–169.
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1595:
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Tennessee, Shelby County, Memphis, Board of Health Death Records, 1848-1913
556:
Davis shot three times, one self-inflicted, doctors hopeful of his survival
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113:, was one of the six Forrest brothers who engaged in the interregional
49:
1771:
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1529:
Autobiography of Oliver Otis Howard, Major General, United States Army
1486:
Federal Writers' Project of the Work Projects Administration [
1222:. Atlanta, Ga.: Franklin Printing and Publishing Company. p. 246.
1881:. Vol. 1. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company. pp. 144–155.
747:"Wm. Forrest, who killed Jas. Holt, at Vine Grove, in this county..."
691:
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There were at least four other shootings involving Bill Forrest. The
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On May 21, 1864, Forrest and his men routed a scouting party of the
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353:, who was shot twice in the head while out on an evening walk in
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In August 1864, Bill Forrest was one of the leaders of Forrest's
1886:
1875:(1925). "Notes on Forrest's Funeral". In Mordell, Albert (ed.).
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1633:
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1427:
912:. No. 1974. Washington, D.C. September 17, 1899. p. 18
1488:
203:
Jac Weller, "The Logistics of Nathan Bedford Forrest" (1953)
370:
commented about Forrest at the time of the 1874 incident in
219:
In April 1863, Bill Forrest was wounded and captured at the
27:
American slave trader, guerrilla, and desperado (~1830–1875)
1897:– via University of California Libraries, HathiTrust.
1655:
War, politics, and Reconstruction: stormy days in Louisiana
940:
938:
1234:"The Marion (Alabama) Commonwealth of the 6th inst. says"
853:
United States Confederate Officers Card Index, 1861–1865
864:
862:
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673:
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for two years and served as adjutant-general for the
1532:. Vol. II. New York: The Baker & Taylor Co.
1219:
The Alstons and Allstons of North and South Carolina
439:
Forrest named as prime suspect in news coverage and
771:"W. H. Forrest, a brother of General N. B. Forrest"
78:
61:
34:
1785:Publications of the Mississippi Historical Society
1714:Publications of the Mississippi Historical Society
1710:"Reconstruction in Yalobusha and Grenada Counties"
1070:"Article clipped from The Atchison Daily Champion"
256:Forrest in a fight 14 miles (23 km) west of
796:"Texas. The Trial and Acquital of Capt. Forrest"
234:, and one of my men shot him through the hips."
595:
465:Officer Schoeke gut-shot by Wm. H. Forrest, in
195:
1284:"Memphis, Oct. 31—It is reported here that..."
1950:People of Tennessee in the American Civil War
1860:. p. 3 – via NewspaperArchive.com.
624:List of Tennessee Confederate Civil War units
121:. During the war he served under his brother
8:
1510:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1447:. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.
1453:10.14325/mississippi/9781617037870.001.0001
1101:. July 16, 1866 – via Newspapers.com.
1000:. No. 2874. August 22, 1914. p. 6
569:Confederate-manufactured version of Colt's
1514:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
109: – March 14, 1875), called
42:
31:
1798:"The Logistics of Nathan Bedford Forrest"
1492:] for the State of Tennessee (1939).
1445:William F. Winter and the New Mississippi
1582:. New York: McClure, Phillips & Co.
384:
1616:Bedford Forrest and his Critter Company
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944:
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669:
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1669:Life of General Nathan Bedford Forrest
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1111:
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472:Wm. H. Forrest arrested, $ 4,000 bail
459:Judge P. M. Dickinson, Officer Schoeke
311:, under command of a Lieutenant, were
1852:Midwinter, Ozias (November 6, 1877).
1791:. University of Mississippi: 155–213.
1720:. University of Mississippi: 214–282.
1386:
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1122:
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1041:
1029:
1017:
994:"The War Day by Day: Fifty Years Ago"
929:
880:
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239:4th Missouri Cavalry Regiment (Union)
7:
1308:"Entry for Wm H Forest, 14 Mar 1875"
843:
841:
728:. Texas State Historical Association
141:Early home of the Forrest family in
1930:19th-century American slave traders
1781:"Reconstruction in Marshall County"
1539:Nathan Bedford Forrest: A Biography
575:National Museum of American History
524:Lucius Morgan, Steve Moore killed
25:
532:Forrest escaped, others captured
1935:Confederate States Army officers
1901:
1864:
527:Harry Cozart, "and another man"
336:, Wyandot, Ohio, August 9, 1866)
115:slave trade in the United States
1494:Tennessee: A Guide to the State
647:A history of Reconstruction in
609:History of slavery in Tennessee
183:11th Tennessee Cavalry Regiment
1572:Harris, Joel Chandler (1904).
1409:Slave Trading in the Old South
1240:. November 10, 1869. p. 4
1198:. November 30, 1868. p. 1
1057:(American Guide Series) (1939)
802:. November 26, 1871. p. 4
777:. November 25, 1871. p. 3
720:Christian, Carole E. (2016) .
614:List of American slave traders
462:Bedford Forrest, Jesse Forrest
436:Blanding killed by three shots
187:3rd Tennessee Cavalry Regiment
1:
1541:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
1500:. New York: The Viking Press.
1289:. November 1, 1872. p. 1
1265:. October 31, 1872. p. 3
1095:"The Report from Mississippi"
849:"Entry for William H Forrest"
827:. December 3, 1871. p. 3
752:. November 8, 1871. p. 1
559:Forrest arrested, $ 500 bond
272:"Forrest's Raid" sketched by
103:
65:
1854:"Notes on Forrest's Funeral"
1330:Nashville Union and American
649:Marshall County, Mississippi
581:Forrest died at his brother
145:, photograph published 1902
1796:Weller, Jac (Winter 1953).
1443:Bolton, Charles C. (2013).
1357:. March 21, 1875. p. 4
1332:. March 17, 1875. p. 3
1162:. March 25, 1875. p. 3
1132:The Daily Memphis Avalanche
1076:. April 23, 1865. p. 2
1074:The Atchison Daily Champion
247:Mount Pleasant, Mississippi
1966:
1134:. June 30, 1874. p. 4
535:
509:
475:
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412:
258:Holly Springs, Mississippi
52:, Matt Hagans Collection (
1672:. Harper & Brothers.
1314:– via FamilySearch.
855:– via FamilySearch.
692:Knoxville correspondent,
573:gun, a popular revolver (
305:Army of Northern Virginia
41:
18:William H. (Bill) Forrest
1708:Brown, Julia C. (1912).
750:The Galveston Daily News
726:Handbook of Texas Online
469:as of newspaper deadline
161:1859 advertisement in a
100:William Hezekiah Forrest
92:Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.
619:Forrest's Cavalry Corps
191:Confederate States Army
1945:Nathan Bedford Forrest
1779:Watkins, Ruth (1912).
1658:. New York: Macmillan.
1216:Groves, J. A. (1901).
1160:The Tuskaloosa Gazette
600:
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337:
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206:
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123:Nathan Bedford Forrest
1858:Cincinnati Commercial
1748:10.1353/cwh.2023.0009
1498:American Guide Series
1259:"BILL FORREST MURDER"
998:The Washington Herald
906:"A Great Confederate"
591:Cincinnati Commercial
568:
403:Allies or accomplices
372:Hot Springs, Arkansas
331:
309:11th New York Cavalry
299:In April 1865, after
280:, September 10, 1864)
271:
255:
245:) in a skirmish near
225:governor of Louisiana
160:
152:Battle of Fort Pillow
143:Hernando, Mississippi
140:
1878:Occidental Gleanings
1612:Lytle, Andrew Nelson
1575:A little Union scout
1537:Hurst, Jack (1993).
1355:Memphis Daily Appeal
1351:"BILL FORREST DEATH"
1156:"Capt. Bill Forrest"
800:Memphis Daily Appeal
593:newspaper, writing:
386:Shootings (alleged)
355:Grenada, Mississippi
320:through the heart."
303:had surrendered the
262:Memphis Daily Appeal
243:George E. Waring Jr.
214:A Little Union Scout
210:Joel Chandler Harris
193:command structure:
1870:– As anthologized:
1726:Huebner, Timothy S.
1326:"WILLIAM H FORREST"
1196:The Courier-Journal
1099:The Weekly Democrat
825:Selma Morning Times
490:Col. John S. Smith
387:
380:Tuscaloosa, Alabama
334:The Wyandot Pioneer
221:Battle of Day's Gap
1830:Newspaper articles
1404:Bancroft, Frederic
1287:Sioux City Journal
579:
467:critical condition
400:Opponent or victim
385:
376:Tuskaloosa Gazette
338:
294:Stephen A. Hurlbut
282:
274:George H. Ellsbury
266:
177:American Civil War
167:
147:
119:American Civil War
36:William H. Forrest
1768:Project MUSE
1735:Civil War History
1664:Wyeth, John Allan
1578:. Illustrated by
1548:978-0-307-78914-3
1419:978-1-64336-427-8
710:, pp. 57–58.
563:
562:
449:November 29, 1868
441:Freedmen's Bureau
367:Memphis Avalanche
171:Vine Grove, Texas
163:Des Arc, Arkansas
127:Freedmen's Bureau
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343:Cherokee Station
232:Decatur, Alabama
228:Henry C. Warmoth
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498:Smith attended
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286:raid on Memphis
278:Harper's Weekly
264:, May 31, 1864)
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1728:(March 2023).
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1547:
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1520:
1483:
1461:
1440:
1418:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1389:, p. 146.
1379:
1377:, p. 196.
1375:Watkins (1912)
1367:
1342:
1317:
1299:
1275:
1250:
1238:The Tennessean
1225:
1208:
1184:
1182:, p. 233.
1172:
1144:
1116:
1114:, p. 289.
1104:
1086:
1061:
1059:, p. 212.
1046:
1044:, p. 325.
1034:
1032:, p. 212.
1022:
1020:, p. 473.
1010:
985:
973:
949:
945:Warmoth (1930)
934:
932:, p. 119.
922:
897:
885:
883:, p. 124.
873:
858:
837:
812:
787:
775:The Tennessean
762:
738:
712:
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684:
680:Huebner (2023)
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429:J. B. Blanding
425:
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415:April 30, 1866
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395:
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351:J. B. Blanding
325:
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95:
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91:
89:March 14, 1875
80:
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63:
59:
58:
56:, Spring 2018)
48:Quarter-plate
47:
39:
38:
35:
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14:
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1019:
1014:
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999:
995:
989:
986:
983:, p. 14.
982:
981:Bolton (2013)
977:
974:
963:
959:
953:
950:
946:
941:
939:
935:
931:
926:
923:
911:
907:
901:
898:
895:, p. 37.
894:
893:Harris (1904)
889:
886:
882:
877:
874:
871:, p. 59.
870:
869:Weller (1953)
865:
863:
859:
854:
850:
844:
842:
838:
826:
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813:
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748:
742:
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727:
723:
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713:
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682:, p. 58.
681:
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584:
583:Jesse Forrest
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538:June 26, 1874
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324:After the war
323:
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301:Robert E. Lee
297:
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117:prior to the
116:
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81:
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60:
55:
51:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
1920:1830s births
1877:
1857:
1840:
1805:
1801:
1788:
1784:
1742:(1): 42–75.
1739:
1733:
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1713:
1668:
1654:
1615:
1580:George Gibbs
1574:
1538:
1528:
1493:
1487:
1444:
1407:
1387:Hearn (1925)
1382:
1370:
1359:. Retrieved
1354:
1345:
1334:. Retrieved
1329:
1320:
1311:
1302:
1291:. Retrieved
1286:
1278:
1267:. Retrieved
1262:
1253:
1242:. Retrieved
1237:
1228:
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1211:
1200:. Retrieved
1195:
1187:
1180:Brown (1912)
1175:
1164:. Retrieved
1159:
1136:. Retrieved
1131:
1107:
1098:
1089:
1078:. Retrieved
1073:
1064:
1054:
1049:
1042:Lytle (1992)
1037:
1030:Hurst (1993)
1025:
1018:Wyeth (1899)
1013:
1002:. Retrieved
997:
988:
976:
965:. Retrieved
961:
952:
930:Hurst (1993)
925:
914:. Retrieved
909:
900:
888:
881:Wyeth (1899)
876:
852:
829:. Retrieved
824:
815:
804:. Retrieved
799:
790:
779:. Retrieved
774:
765:
754:. Retrieved
749:
741:
730:. Retrieved
725:
715:
708:Hurst (1993)
703:
694:N.Y. Tribune
693:
687:
643:
596:
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516:Mississippi
504:20th Alabama
375:
365:
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290:Gayoso Hotel
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180:
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148:
111:Bill Forrest
110:
99:
98:
53:
29:
1925:1875 deaths
1471:j.ctt2tvph8
821:"Acquittal"
550:Billy Davis
546:Hot Springs
419:Mississippi
313:bushwhacked
107: 1831
69: 1831
1914:Categories
1436:1153619151
1361:2023-12-13
1336:2023-12-13
1293:2023-12-14
1269:2023-12-18
1244:2023-12-14
1202:2023-12-13
1166:2023-12-14
1138:2023-12-13
1080:2023-12-14
1004:2023-12-17
967:2023-12-17
916:2023-12-17
831:2023-12-14
806:2023-12-13
781:2023-12-13
756:2023-12-16
732:2023-12-17
659:References
629:Mat Luxton
433:Tom Wilson
317:Germantown
133:Early life
85:1875-03-14
1764:256599213
1756:1533-6271
1642:828870070
1614:(1992) .
1506:cite book
1479:828334130
1406:(2023) .
1055:Tennessee
910:The Times
664:Citations
453:Tennessee
1887:25018716
1678:99004134
1666:(1899).
1652:(1930).
1634:91067518
1604:6939166M
1588:04009630
1565:26314678
1557:92054383
1526:(1907).
1428:95020493
603:See also
571:Navy Six
542:Arkansas
520:Aberdeen
482:Alabama
212:'s 1904
201:—
1822:1982960
1694:529441M
1596:1196136
456:Memphis
423:Grenada
406:Outcome
50:tintype
1899:
1895:290757
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696:(1864)
486:Marion
443:files
409:Notes
241:(Col.
1818:JSTOR
1760:S2CID
1467:JSTOR
1397:Books
635:Notes
394:State
315:near
1891:OCLC
1883:LCCN
1752:ISSN
1682:OCLC
1674:LCCN
1638:OCLC
1630:LCCN
1620:ISBN
1592:OCLC
1584:LCCN
1561:OCLC
1553:LCCN
1543:ISBN
1516:link
1512:link
1475:OCLC
1457:ISBN
1432:OCLC
1424:LCCN
1414:ISBN
427:Lt.
391:Date
79:Died
62:Born
1810:doi
1789:XII
1744:doi
1718:XII
1489:sic
1449:doi
553:n/a
378:of
1916::
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1856:.
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1806:17
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276:(
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102:(
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