341:'s native Gyeongsang Province. The proximate cause of the incident was a renewed and extended nationwide state of martial law declared by Chun, along with the arrest of democratization leaders, including Cholla native Kim Dae-jung. The uprising began on May 18 with a protest by approximately 200 students at the Chonnam National University. A series of violent skirmishes with the police quickly increased the number of protestors, and by May 20 the number of protesters had grown to 10,000. On May 21 a group of students, workers, and other citizens of Kwangju attacked government buildings, seizing weapons and ammunition. As the rebellion unfolded, Ambassador Gleysteen and General Wickham (commander of the
230:
346:
uprising but before the outbreak of serious violence, Gleysteen met with
General Chun to urge restraint with regard to the student protests, and received multiple assurances that the South Korean government was "very aware of the danger of over reaction and the use of military force," and that "the president was determined to go to great lengths to avoid using the army except as an instrument of last resort". President Choi made a speech in June expressing regret for the violent turn of events, but he did not offer an apology, although Gleysteen said that he had encouraged him to do so.
279:
boys, where his mother also taught. Japan controlled Peking starting in 1937, and after the Pearl Harbor attack
Gleysteen and his family were eventually sent to an internment camp in Wei Xian, Shandong. They were repatriated to the United States in December 1943, after which Gleysteen finished his high school education and graduated from Westtown Friends School in Pennsylvania. After graduation he served in the United States Navy for two years, first as a student in the V-12 Navy College Training Program and later as an enlisted sailor. At the end of the war, Gleysteen attended
809:
214:
304:. He was converted to a Foreign Service Officer in 1954 as part of a policy (“Wristonization”) adopted by Dulles designed to integrate the Foreign and Civil Services, which caused the Foreign Service to double in size in just four years. Gleysteen subsequently served in Taiwan (twice), Japan, British Hong Kong, and South Korea, along with several assignments in Washington, DC. He spoke Mandarin fluently, having first learned it as a child and then studying it again in Taiwan before beginning his assignment.
743:
753:
44:
283:, where he majored in European intellectual history. He remained at Yale to complete a master's degree in international relations. While at Yale, Gleysteen was influenced by fellow students who were foreign service officers, as well as his older brother Culver, who was already a foreign service officer by that time.
325:
first tasks as
Ambassador was to convey a request from House Speaker Tip O’Neill, which would give two House members access to former South Korean ambassador to the United States Kim Dong-jo and alleged South Korean agent Park Tong-sun. The furor died down several months later following the 1978 U.S. elections.
278:
Gleysteen was born in Peking, China, to
American parents who were Presbyterian missionaries, Theodora (Culver) and William Henry Gleysteen. His paternal grandparents were Dutch. Gleysteen grew up in Beijing and attended the Peking American School. His father was principal of a large middle school for
332:
Although the United States generally earned plaudits among South
Koreans for its consistent criticism of political repression in the Park and Chun eras, Gleysteen said that those positive emotions were “muffled for many years by emotions and misinformation that mushroomed after the Kwangju Uprising
328:
Another issue during
Gleysteen's tenure as Ambassador was President Carter's proposed withdrawal of U.S. troops from the Korean Peninsula. Then-governor Carter had criticized South Korea's human rights record during his presidential campaign, and after assuming the presidency in January 1977, he
324:
scandal erupted during the 1976 U.S. elections when it came out that members of
Congress had accepted bribes from South Korean agents in return for favorable treatment of South Korean interests. This issue was still being investigated when Gleysteen arrived in Seoul in 1978. One of Gleysteen's
345:
at that time) criticized military and political leaders for their handling of the incident, and on May 21 the South Korean troops were withdrawn to the edge of the city, beginning a standoff which continued until May 27, when some 6,000 troops entered
Kwangju, ending the rebellion. During the
316:
to serve as the United States
Ambassador to South Korea. He arrived in Seoul in June 1978, and stayed until his retirement in 1981. While serving as Ambassador Gleysteen had to contend with several important events which deeply affected the bilateral relationship.
354:
Gleysteen married his first wife, Zoe Clubb, in
December 1952. They had three children together: Thea Clarke, Guy Gleysteen, and Michael Gleysteen. He married his second wife, Marilyn Wong Gleysteen, in 1981. They had one child together: Anna Wong Gleysteen.
329:
directed that plans for a full withdrawal be drawn up. Gleysteen opposed the withdrawal and persuaded President Carter to reconsider the policy in a famous exchange in the President's limousine during a 1979 presidential visit to Seoul.
731:
709:
724:
717:
999:
969:
551:
747:
526:
984:
994:
486:
1004:
989:
267:
58:
458:
296:
Gleysteen joined the State Department's Civil Service in 1951 as a clerk typist in the Executive Secretariat, during the time of Secretaries
363:
Gleysteen retired from the State Department shortly after stepping down as ambassador. He was subsequently named director of studies at the
979:
142:
263:
337:
took place in the context of the long-running democratization movement as well as regional rivalry between the Cholla Province and
974:
448:"The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR WILLIAM H. GLEYSTEEN, JR"
655:
637:
364:
580:
258:(May 8, 1926 – December 6, 2002) was an American diplomat. Born and raised in Beijing, China, Gleysteen graduated from
390:
873:
701:
673:
808:
510:
386:
514:
342:
773:
313:
416:
964:
959:
843:
447:
106:
402:
933:
908:
898:
798:
793:
697:
94:
938:
913:
833:
783:
301:
235:
918:
903:
878:
858:
853:
838:
848:
778:
334:
158:
883:
868:
828:
788:
280:
259:
188:
17:
893:
823:
338:
638:"Gleysteen-Chun-Choi Transcript: "Meetings With General Chun and Blue House SYG Choi""
953:
43:
928:
888:
863:
768:
297:
82:
923:
656:"Gleysteen-Choi Transcript: "Conversation with Blue House SYG Kwang Soo Choi""
183:
367:. Gleysteen died of leukemia on December 6, 2002, at the Washington Hospice.
321:
48:
Gleysteen as deputy assistant secretary for East Asian and Pacific affairs
626:, 1999 (pp. 127–143 of The Brookings Institution 2000 softcover edition)
138:
608:, 1999 (pp. 53–76 of The Brookings Institution 2000 softcover edition)
713:
333:
in the spring of 1980.” In his memoirs, Gleysteen said the
552:"Carter's Decision on Korea Traced Back to January, 1975"
527:"Koreagate: Bringing Forth a Mouse, But an Honest One"
403:"Gleysteen, William Henry ("Will"), 1876-1948 age 71"
816:
761:
241:
223:
207:
202:
194:
182:
174:
164:
148:
121:
116:
100:
88:
78:
57:
34:
748:United States ambassadors to Korea and South Korea
1000:United States National Security Council staffers
970:Ambassadors of the United States to South Korea
455:Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training
725:
8:
732:
718:
710:
481:
479:
42:
31:
574:
572:
985:Deaths from leukemia in Washington, D.C.
624:Massive Entanglement, Marginal Influence
618:
616:
614:
606:Massive Entanglement, Marginal Influence
268:United States' Ambassador to South Korea
995:United States Foreign Service personnel
376:
442:
440:
438:
436:
434:
432:
430:
74:June 27, 1978 – June 10, 1981
672:Jackson, Harold (December 15, 2002).
382:
380:
7:
1005:20th-century American naval officers
654:Gleysteen, William (May 10, 1980).
636:Gleysteen, William (May 5, 1980).
581:"Obituary of William H. Gleysteen"
464:from the original on July 18, 2024
25:
579:Lewis, Paul (December 12, 2002).
264:United States Department of State
807:
751:
741:
228:
212:
990:Military personnel from Beijing
487:"Obituary of William Gleysteen"
312:Gleysteen was nominated by the
1:
365:Council on Foreign Relations
59:United States Ambassador to
256:William Henry Gleysteen Jr.
126:William Henry Gleysteen Jr.
36:William Henry Gleysteen Jr.
1021:
980:United States Navy sailors
262:and began working for the
805:
308:Ambassador to South Korea
249:
112:
67:
53:
41:
18:William H. Gleysteen, Jr.
511:Office of the Historian
387:Office of the Historian
270:between 1978 and 1981.
975:Yale University alumni
359:Later career and death
343:United Nations Command
292:Foreign service career
266:in 1951. He served as
170:Marilyn Wong Gleysteen
314:Carter administration
242:Years of service
168:Zoe Clubb (divorced)
417:"Theodora Gleysteen"
107:Richard Louis Walker
698:Department of State
674:"William Gleysteen"
622:William Gleysteen,
604:William Gleysteen,
95:Richard Lee Sneider
585:The New York Times
421:The New York Times
302:John Foster Dulles
236:United States Navy
947:
946:
457:. June 10, 1997.
253:
252:
27:American diplomat
16:(Redirected from
1012:
811:
756:
755:
754:
746:
745:
744:
734:
727:
720:
711:
704:
695:
689:
688:
686:
684:
669:
663:
662:
660:
651:
645:
644:
642:
633:
627:
620:
609:
602:
596:
595:
593:
591:
576:
567:
566:
564:
562:
548:
542:
541:
539:
537:
523:
517:
508:
502:
501:
499:
497:
483:
474:
473:
471:
469:
463:
452:
444:
425:
424:
413:
407:
406:
399:
393:
384:
335:Kwangju Uprising
234:
232:
231:
218:
216:
215:
203:Military service
159:Washington, D.C.
155:
152:December 6, 2002
135:
133:
117:Personal details
103:
91:
72:
62:
46:
32:
21:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1009:
950:
949:
948:
943:
812:
803:
757:
752:
750:
742:
740:
738:
708:
707:
696:
692:
682:
680:
671:
670:
666:
658:
653:
652:
648:
640:
635:
634:
630:
621:
612:
603:
599:
589:
587:
578:
577:
570:
560:
558:
556:Washington Post
550:
549:
545:
535:
533:
531:Washington Post
525:
524:
520:
509:
505:
495:
493:
491:Washington Post
485:
484:
477:
467:
465:
461:
450:
446:
445:
428:
423:. May 26, 1976.
415:
414:
410:
401:
400:
396:
385:
378:
373:
361:
352:
310:
294:
289:
281:Yale University
276:
260:Yale University
229:
227:
213:
211:
189:Yale University
169:
157:
153:
137:
131:
129:
128:
127:
101:
89:
73:
68:
60:
49:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1018:
1016:
1008:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
952:
951:
945:
944:
942:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
820:
818:
814:
813:
806:
804:
802:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
765:
763:
759:
758:
739:
737:
736:
729:
722:
714:
706:
705:
690:
664:
646:
628:
610:
597:
568:
543:
518:
503:
475:
426:
408:
394:
375:
374:
372:
369:
360:
357:
351:
348:
339:Park Chung-hee
309:
306:
293:
290:
288:
285:
275:
272:
251:
250:
247:
246:
243:
239:
238:
225:
224:Branch/service
221:
220:
209:
205:
204:
200:
199:
196:
192:
191:
186:
180:
179:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:(aged 76)
150:
146:
145:
125:
123:
119:
118:
114:
113:
110:
109:
104:
98:
97:
92:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
65:
64:
55:
54:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1017:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
957:
955:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
821:
819:
815:
810:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
766:
764:
760:
749:
735:
730:
728:
723:
721:
716:
715:
712:
702:
699:
694:
691:
679:
675:
668:
665:
657:
650:
647:
639:
632:
629:
625:
619:
617:
615:
611:
607:
601:
598:
586:
582:
575:
573:
569:
557:
553:
547:
544:
532:
528:
522:
519:
515:
512:
507:
504:
492:
488:
482:
480:
476:
460:
456:
449:
443:
441:
439:
437:
435:
433:
431:
427:
422:
418:
412:
409:
404:
398:
395:
391:
388:
383:
381:
377:
370:
368:
366:
358:
356:
350:Personal life
349:
347:
344:
340:
336:
330:
326:
323:
318:
315:
307:
305:
303:
299:
291:
286:
284:
282:
273:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
248:
244:
240:
237:
226:
222:
219:United States
210:
206:
201:
197:
193:
190:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
167:
163:
160:
151:
147:
144:
140:
124:
120:
115:
111:
108:
105:
99:
96:
93:
87:
84:
81:
77:
71:
66:
63:
56:
52:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
693:
683:February 18,
681:. Retrieved
678:The Guardian
677:
667:
649:
631:
623:
605:
600:
588:. Retrieved
584:
559:. Retrieved
555:
546:
534:. Retrieved
530:
521:
506:
494:. Retrieved
490:
466:. Retrieved
454:
420:
411:
397:
362:
353:
331:
327:
319:
311:
298:Dean Acheson
295:
277:
255:
254:
154:(2002-12-06)
102:Succeeded by
83:Jimmy Carter
69:
29:
965:2002 deaths
960:1926 births
817:South Korea
590:January 15,
561:January 15,
536:January 17,
496:January 15,
136:May 8, 1926
90:Preceded by
61:South Korea
954:Categories
844:McConaughy
274:Early life
208:Allegiance
195:Profession
184:Alma mater
132:1926-05-08
874:Gleysteen
322:Koreagate
245:1943–1945
165:Spouse(s)
79:President
70:In office
939:Goldberg
919:Stephens
914:Vershbow
899:Bosworth
779:Dinsmore
468:July 18,
459:Archived
198:Diplomat
175:Children
929:Lippert
904:Hubbard
869:Sneider
839:Dowling
934:Harris
884:Lilley
879:Walker
859:Porter
849:Berger
829:Briggs
824:Muccio
799:Morgan
774:Parker
287:Career
233:
217:
139:Peking
894:Laney
889:Gregg
864:Habib
854:Brown
794:Allen
784:Heard
769:Foote
762:Korea
659:(PDF)
641:(PDF)
462:(PDF)
451:(PDF)
371:Notes
143:China
909:Hill
834:Lacy
789:Sill
685:2019
592:2019
563:2019
538:2019
498:2019
470:2024
320:The
300:and
149:Died
122:Born
924:Kim
700:, "
513:, "
389:, "
956::
676:.
613:^
583:.
571:^
554:.
529:.
489:.
478:^
453:.
429:^
419:.
379:^
141:,
733:e
726:t
719:v
703:"
687:.
661:.
643:.
594:.
565:.
540:.
516:"
500:.
472:.
405:.
392:"
178:4
134:)
130:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
