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its security and that of the country. William Hawi was entrusted with the security issues and requirements. While the political command of the Party was trying to establish peace and dialogue, the military command led by
William Hawi was preparing the Regulatory Forces, manning its human and material capacities in order to fight against the settlement plan that had already started to emerge. The state being unable to fulfill its duties and defend its people, and the governmental institutions being disabled, it was necessary to unify and organize the ranks of the parties for defense purposes. William Hawi was worried by the lack of weapons, ammunitions and supplies and by the absence of coordination between the allied Lebanese forces at the front. He held several meetings with the allied forces in order to create a "Unified Operation Room", the first core of the "
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during the
Lebanese events; this constituted the hub of the Party's Regulatory Forces. On January 23, 1961, the Political Bureau dissolved the militants' organization before including its members in the Lebanese Phalange Party and Hawi created the Regulatory Forces. On February 6, 1961, William Hawi was appointed Head of said Forces. In 1963, the "First Commandos" unit was created. It was followed by the "Second Commandos" unit, then by the "B.G" troop. In 1973, the "Maghaweer" platoon was created and the "Combat School" established. Moreover, "Chef" William (which means "leader" in French), supervised the setting up of camps as well as the training organization and development, which enabled the progress of the regulatory process.
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350:. On February 6, 1961, William Hawi was appointed Head of said Forces. In 1963, the "First Commandos" unit was created. It was followed by the "Second Commandos" unit, then by the "P.G." troop. In 1973, the "Maghaweer" platoon was created and the "Combat School" established. Moreover, "Chef" William supervised the setting up of camps as well as the training organization and development.
514:. However, the camp fell one building after the other. On July 11, 1976, the sources of the Lebanese allied forces announced the fall of the last bastion in Tell el Zaatar and declared that the Head of the Phalange War Council supervised this operation. On July 13, 1976, William Hawi was killed in the middle of the battlefield, before having the opportunity to celebrate his victory.
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247:, Lebanon. William's father, Amine Hawi, emigrated when he was twenty years old. His second son, William, was born in New York, U.S. in 1908. Before the family grew and spread its roots in the foreign land, Amine Hawi went back to his homeland in the beginning of 1910, along with his wife and three children. William Hawi had a passion for sports. He played
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completely by isolating it with their surrounding military camps. The
Quarantine camp fell within 24 hours under the attack orchestrated by William Hawi, which opened the road linking Beirut to Kesserouan and Byblos in December 1976. The camp of Jisr el Basha also fell after two days of the blockade
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who started infiltrating the safe houses in the cities and villages, raising confusion and violating rights and properties. The
Political Bureau held an extraordinary meeting on March 31, 1970, and created a "Higher Council" in charge of supervising the organization of the Party's work relating to
170:
He was Head of the second and Fourth
Districts, President of the Recruitment Bureau, Head of the Department of Security, Sport and Mobilization on May 29, 1952, and member of the Political Bureau on July 12, 1952. On June 16, 1958, William Hawi was in charge of organizing and leading the activists
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in an atmosphere of discipline. William Hawi's responsibilities increased and became diversified. He was appointed Head of the Second and Fourth
Districts, President of the Recruitment Bureau in 1942, Head of the 'Department of Security, Sport and Mobilization' on May 29, 1952, and member of the
345:
The discussions about creating the
Phalange Security wing featured several conflicting opinions and lasted interminably before the Party took its final decision to agree to the presence of Regulatory Forces. On January 23, 1961, the Political Bureau dissolved the militants' organization before
475:
William Hawi created a "Military Police" in charge of controlling the disorder and chaos that were everywhere and introduced a regulatory mechanism to guarantee road safety and guide the citizens to these safe roads. Perhaps the most terrible ordeal he had to face was the infamous massacre on
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and the factory became a primary target for destruction as revenge against its owner: William Hawi, leader of the
Lebanese parties opposed to the Palestinian intervention in Lebanese affairs. The Palestinians broke into the factory, destroyed glass and machines before blowing up the facility.
554:
and as the head of the unified command of the
Lebanese forces, a coalition of the Christian militias of the Kataeb Party (created and organized by Hawi), National Liberal Party, the Tanzim and the Guardians of the Cedars. On July 7, 1980, these Christian militias were unified into one as the
322:'s invitation and joined the Phalange Organization in 1937 even when it was working secretly and illegally following a decree ordering its dissolution on November 18, 1938. He was involved in several issues: consolidating the Party's authority and creating and developing the
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Political Bureau on July 12, 1952. On June 16, 1958, he was in charge of organizing and leading the activists during the
Lebanese events; this constituted the hub of the Party's Regulatory Forces, of which he became the leader on February 6, 1961.
370:("the rescuers") at the mirror factory he owned in Debbas Square. When the French found out about these meetings, they raided the factory several times and pursued William Hawi who escaped by hiding at his friends and neighbors.
533:, between Al Raii El Saleh and Gallery Matta, a shot was fired by a sniper and killed Hawi while he inspected his forces at the forefront of the battlefield as witnessed by his comrades who were with him.
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civilians. Hawi was also subjected to menaces and humiliation when he tried to rescue as many innocents as he could. Several persons owe him their lives, their dignity and their properties.
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took over the political command while William Hawi was in charge of the organized security effort. He prepared and organized the strikes and demonstrations. He held secret meetings with the
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that called for strikes and organized riots. It thus entrusted William Hawi with organizing and leading the activists to control the situation and protect its regions.
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considered the nomination of William Hawi as a ploy by the Kataeb party to cost him the elections as per his press release in the Annahar newspaper, August 14, 1957
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The Kataeb party in Beirut was divided into four districts, each district to several regions and each region to sections. PR release, Lebanese Kataeb 1958, p. 99
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Interviews with Jocelyn Khoueiri, Abid Zouein, Michel Karameh, Elie Karameh, Samira Badir and Karim Bakradouni, witnesses of the events of
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182:-Rmeil region, where he obtained the largest number of votes. In 1957, Hawi presented himself to the legislative elections but failed.
573:
Gemayel was elected as president on August 24, 1982, but he was assassinated on September 14, 1982, before the beginning of his term.
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but did not win. Despite its loss, the Phalange Party considered these elections to be a confirmation of its strength on the streets.
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and became one of the most important factories in the Middle East before moving from Debbas Square to Jisr el Basha. With the
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seat, where he obtained the largest number of votes. In 1957, he individually ran for the Parliamentary elections opposite
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William Hawi engaged in a fight against corruption and in a battle for liberation when the Palestinians tried to control
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A team of researchers in History, Kataeb Regulatory Forces, issued from the Kataeb Security Council, Beirut, 1976, p.356
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A team of researchers in History, Kataeb Regulatory Forces, issued from the Kataeb Security Council, Beirut, 1976, p.343
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On July 13, 1976, William Hawi was killed by a Palestinian sniper following this victory. Following his death,
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Interviews with Elie Karameh, Edmond Rizk, Louis Karam, Naji Boutrous and Salim Reaidi conducted in March 1995
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In 1975, Hawi was leading operations against the Palestinians fighting in Lebanon at the Souks of Beirut,
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Dissolution resolution no. 1472, Dar El Amal publishing, History of the Lebanese Kataeb, Part I, p. 348
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Interviews with Rose Hawi and George Hawi, William Hawi's siblings, documented in the biographical book
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On July 1, 1976, sources of the Kataeb Party announced the fall of the last bastion in
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In 1947, William Hawi married Marcelle Anis Ghobril. They lived in Beydoun quarter in
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and declared that the Head of the Phalange War Council supervised this operation.
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PR release, Lebanese Kataeb, Lebanese Social Democratic party 1956, Beirut, p. 15
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During this period, the Lebanese and Arab scenes were marked by the halo of the
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Political Bureau Resolution no. 1633, meeting transcript dated January 23, 1961
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Pierre Gemayel was first visible on a national front through his work in sports
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organized by "Chef" William, paving the way for the liberation of the camp of
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William Hawi owned a factory of mirrors, which exported its products to the
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Decision no. 2774, Political Bureau minutes of meeting dated March 31, 1970
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in sports meetings and the latter invited him in 1937 to join the Lebanese
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Leila El Horr, Palestinians in Lebanon, Annahar Newspaper, August 11, 1970
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including its members in the Lebanese Phalange Party and Hawi created the
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in addition to the Kataeb party are major forces in the current Lebanese
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Interviews with Elie Najjar, Laure Gemayel, Renee Nawfal and Edmond Rizk
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Pluralism and Party Transformation in Lebanon: Al-Kataʼib, 1936-1970
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Dal el Amal publishing, History of the Kataeb Party, Part I, p. 260
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in 1970, the region of Jisr el Basha fell under the control of the
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William Hawi's family comes from the village of Choueir in North
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Minutes of the Political Bureau meeting held on June 16, 1957
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947:"Story of a Man and a Country" by Joseph Abou Khalil, p. 143
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In 1952, the Lebanese Phalange put William Hawi up for the
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In 1952, the Lebanese Phalange put William Hawi up for the
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163:) better known in English as the Phalange, a right-wing
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for a period of 10 days until dawn of November 22, 1943
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Events started escalating dramatically in favor of the
691:"Tel el Zaatar 1976 'Tal el zaatar' ' Tel al zaatar '"
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On July 13, 1976, at the boundaries of Tell el Zaatar
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William Hawi at Tell el Zaatar with former President
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Military Council, which later became the core of the
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377:William Hawi during the Ashrafieh-Rmeil elections
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476:December 6, 1975, that was later called the "
278:and had a single daughter, Leila. Hawi was a
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251:, tennis and loved swimming and
663:The Lebanese Phalanges - Kataeb
653:William Hawi's official website
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917:Interview with Michel Makhlouf
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228:Background
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746:. BRILL.
387:Achrafieh
276:Achrafieh
261:Achrafieh
223:Biography
187:Karantina
180:Achrafieh
165:Christian
108:, Lebanon
27:وليم حاوي
587:See also
567:Archived
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249:football
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