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for their tyrannies. He turned loose hundreds of prisoners, raged and roared from the bench, and wrote thousands of letters on the subject, many of them magnificent expositions of
Jeffersonian doctrine. Unfortunately, his strange ideas alarmed the general run of respectable New Yorkers quite as much as they alarmed his fellow judges, and so he was always in hot water. When Tammany, with sardonic humor, made him mayor, he began an heroic but vain effort to give New York decent government....In the end, worn out and embittered by the struggle, he died unlamented, and today political historians scarcely mention him. Yet he was a great political philosopher and a great soul. It is the tragedy of the Republic that such men are so few, and that their efforts, when they appear, go for so little.".
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264:, on February 2, 1849, baptized as William James. His parents were Keiron K. Gaynor, an Irish-born farmer and blacksmith and Elizabeth (Handwright) Gaynor. He grew up on a farm with seven siblings. As a boy, he developed an interest in wandering the countryside where they lived, exploring nature and trying to figure out why things were the way they were.
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Gaynor was that great rarity in
American political history: a judge who actually believed in the Bill of Rights. When he sat on the bench in Brooklyn he tried to enforce it to the letter, to the natural scandal of his brethren of the ermine. Scarcely a day went by that he did not denounce the police
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photographer
William Warnecke snapped what he thought would be a typical, if uneventful, photo of the new Mayor. Instead, Warnecke captured the very moment that Gallagher, at point-blank range, shot a bullet through Gaynor's neck. It remains one of the most highly praised photographs in the history
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Brooklyn, Mayor Gaynor's home borough, was greatly excited and deeply shocked by the news of the shooting of the city's chief executive. The earliest reports to reach the borough said that Mr. Gaynor had been killed. These spread rapidly through
Brooklyn, and the local newspaper offices, telephone
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was the "perfect" and "optimal" system ("admitted by philosophers and economists the world over"). However, he objected to what he perceived as George's intent to take all land rent for public use at once. Instead, Gaynor favored a slow transition over many years. He was unaware of the claim that
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This is the story of the shooting of Mayor Gaynor as told by eye-witnesses, among whom were Robert
Adamson, the Mayor's secretary; Corporation Counsel Watson, Street Cleaning Commissioner Edwards, and Water Commissioner Thompson. It was Mr. Edwards who beat the Mayor's assailant into submission.
533:
Although Gaynor quickly recovered, the bullet remained lodged in his throat for the next three years. During his term as mayor, Gaynor was widely considered a strong candidate for
Governor or President. Tammany Hall refused to nominate him for reelection to a second term, but after accepting the
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Gaynor's marriage with
Tammany Hall was short-lived; soon after taking office, he filled high level government posts with experts and city employees were chosen from civil service lists in the order they appeared, effectively curbing patronage and nepotism. As mayor, he railed against efforts to
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He made his way back home to Utica, where his family now lived, arriving late that same year. How he managed that journey he never shared, other than to say that it had not been an easy or pleasant experience. His father welcomed him back and helped him to secure a position with the law firm of
411:) – it was the first time he had ever visited the seat of city government – and addressed the 1,500 people gathered to greet him: "I enter upon this office with the intention of doing the very best I can for the City of New York. That will have to suffice; I can do no more."
495:, a discharged city employee who had been a New York dock Night Watchman from April 7, 1903, to July 19, 1910. Gaynor remains the only New York City mayor to be hit by a bullet during an assassination attempt. The violent incident happened on board the Europe-bound
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He was a studious boy, a trait which his father encouraged. As he was on the clumsy side, when it came to farmwork, his brother Tom usually took on the heavier chores. For his education, he first attended the local public school, then was sent to the
Whiteboro
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Apart from his family and from one trusted protege outside of his family, William Jay Gaynor had no intimates. He was a true and lasting friend. He never forgot an unselfish service. "I have never forgotten, you for a single day," he wrote, four years
541:. Six days later, on September 10, 1913, Gaynor died suddenly on a deck chair aboard the liner. After his death, doctors concluded that he died of a heart attack, and that his old wound was at most a minor contributing factor. Gaynor is interred at
343:, where he found much that resonated with his own way of thinking. The book was to be his lifelong companion. As a result, however, by the time the small group of Brothers had arrived at their destination, Gaynor had lost his belief in organized
1070:, September 11, 1913. Mayor William J. Gaynor of New York died in his steamer chair on board the steamship Baltic early Wednesday afternoon when the liner was 400 miles off the Irish Coast. His death was due to a sudden heart attack.
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An explanation was made to-day by
Attorney General Andrew C. Gray, son of Federal Judge Gray, regarding the reason why Harry Kermit Vingut of New York came here yesterday with Edith Augusta Gaynor, daughter of Mayor Gaynor of New
436:, who covered the police beat and City Hall of Baltimore in his early days as a reporter, and so learned to know the good, the bad and the ugly of the species, had great respect for Gaynor both as a judge and as mayor.
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in 1893, and appointed to the
Appellate Division, Second Department in 1905, Gaynor's rulings were often cited around the country. His reputation as an honest reformer helped win him election as mayor in 1909.
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Gaynor moments after the assassination attempt. August 9, 1910. At left is Edward J. Lichtfield, a neighbor of Gaynor's, and at right is Jacob Katz. A second picture of Gaynor after he was shot is at
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of the congregation. This was located at 44 East 2nd Street. The date of birth he gave at his admission was February 2, 1848, thus he was still fifteen at the time he was received. He was given the
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685:"William Jay Gaynor as an intimate knew him. The Lawyer, the Judge, the Mayor, and the Man, Described by a Noted Editor-Author Whose Friendship with Him Covered a Long Period"
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at St. John's Church on Bleecker Street. As William entered his teenage years, he began to show a religious fervor that led his parents to think that he might have a
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829:"Didn't Want Any of His Daughters to Wed Before They Were 25, the Delaware Version. Gave All the Details to the Attorney General at Wilmington Before the Marriage"
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Hochman, William Russell. "William J. Gaynor: The Years of Fruition" (PhD dissertation, Columbia University; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1955. 0012309).
1050:"Mayor Gaynor Dies In Deck Chair On Liner. Stricken While Alone. Kline Sworn In As City's Head. Rufus Gaynor Finds His Father Unconscious. End Comes Quickly"
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Finegold, Kenneth. "Traditional Reform, Municipal Populism, and Progressivism Challenges to Machine Politics in Early-Twentieth-Century New York City."
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Horatio and John Seymour, that he might read enough law to take the bar examination. This was to be the start of his entry into the political arena, as
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to the Church. Both to test this, and for reasons of affordability, he was enrolled in the Assumption Academy in Utica. This was staffed by the
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of the institute, and named Brother Adrian Denys. He spent the next four years in this house, both in training and soon in teaching in nearby
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system. A strong willed but compassionate mayor, Gaynor once remarked, "The world does not grow better by force or by the policeman's club."
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Justice from 1893 to 1909. As mayor he was noted as a reformer who broke ranks and refused to take orders from the Tammany boss
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suggested to the Brothers, Gaynor had been reading and absorbing the reflection of a wide range of writers, mostly the ancient
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removing other taxes would increase land rent, yet by his calculations there was enough land rent to replace all taxes with a
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exchanges, and Police Headquarters were soon inundated by a flood of Inquiries which poured in from all sections.
418:. They divorced in 1919 and she then married James Park. One of his granddaughters, Jean Rennard, married actor
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1016:"Story of Shooting told by Witnesses. Mayor's Official Family Relate What They Did to Aid Their Stricken Chief"
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798:"Brooklyn Stirred. Had False Reports. Rumors Caused Borough Hall Officials to Order the Flags at Half-Mast"
988:"Mayor's Assailant Dead Of Paresis. Gallagher, Who Shot Him on Board Ship, Dies in Trenton State Hospital"
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292:. William flourished in that school, and soon decided that he did indeed wish to become a member of their
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Cimino, Eric. "Dear Madam, Dear Sir: Mayor William Gaynor and New York's Response to the Sinking of
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and devout Catholics, thus, when weather permitted, on Sundays they would head to the nearby city of
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311:. In 1868, he was one of a group of Brothers chosen to be sent to San Francisco to take care of
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Gaynor would disappoint Tammany Hall when they nominated him for mayor in 1909. Elected to the
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on February 4, 1913, the same year as Gaynor's death. Observing Gaynor in conversation,
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By this time, however, as well as the usual readings in history, philosophy and the
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928:"New-York tribune. (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, August 10, 1910, Image 1"
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and had decided to leave the institute. Because of his youth, he had never taken
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nomination from an independent group of voters, he set sail for Europe aboard
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942:"Los Angeles Herald 14 August 1910 — California Digital Newspaper Collection"
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974:"The times dispatch. (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, February 04, 1913, Image 2"
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The Mayor who Mastered New York: The Life and Opinions of William J. Gaynor
896:(New York: International Press) by Louis Heaton Pink and some other books.
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229:(February 2, 1849 – September 10, 1913) was an American politician from
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New York City Mayors: Part II: the Mayors of Greater New York From 1898
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976:. 4 February 1913. p. 2 – via chroniclingamerica.loc.gov.
962:. 10 August 1910. p. 2 – via chroniclingamerica.loc.gov.
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Greater Gotham: A History of New York City from 1898 to 1919
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In December 1863, he was sent to New York City to enter the
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philosophers. One lifetime favorite which he found was the
930:. 10 August 1910 – via chroniclingamerica.loc.gov.
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there. They sailed from New York on July 16, aboard the
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Hochman, William R. "The Shooting of Mayor Gaynor."
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Early in his term, Gaynor was shot in the throat by
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In 1910 his daughter, Edith Augusta Gaynor, married
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892:, v. 25, no. 98 (February 1932) 252. A review of
739:Granddaughter of Late Mayor William J. Gaynor Dies
671:Gaynor, The Tammany Mayor Who Swallowed the Tiger
673:. New York: The International Press. p. 10.
786:. William Morrow and Co., Inc. pp. 16–21.
407:from his home in Brooklyn (#20 Eighth Avenue,
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67:January 1, 1910 – September 10, 1913
8:
1159:Some of Mayor Gaynor's Letters and Speeches
909:Some of Mayor Gaynor's letters and speeches
865:Some of Mayor Gaynor's letters and speeches
658:. William Morrow & Company. p. 14.
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888:H. L. Mencken, "New American Statesmen,"
27:Mayor of New York City from 1910 to 1913
616:. Xlibris Corporation LLC. p. 26.
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244:from 1910 to 1913, and previously as a
868:. Greaves Publishing Company. p.
426:thwart the further development of the
640:William Jay Gaynor, Mayor of New York
7:
643:. Henry Regnery Company. p. 16.
1161:(Greaves Publishing Company, 1913)
446:Georgist views on political economy
371:'s candidate for president against
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1702:20th-century American politicians
1662:19th-century American politicians
610:Caliendo, Ralph J. (2010-04-29).
580:William Brown Meloney (1878–1925)
506:. Gallagher died in a prison in
450:Gaynor read the first edition of
403:On January 1, 1910, he walked to
290:Brothers of the Christian Schools
1692:People from Whitestown, New York
1667:American people of Irish descent
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1677:Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery
1082:Clarence E. Meek (July 1954).
582:, Gaynor's executive secretary
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1084:"Fireboats Through The Years"
784:The Man who mastered New York
355:impediment to his departure.
242:mayor of the City of New York
912:. Greaves Pub. Co. pp.
906:Gaynor, William Jay (1913).
385:New York State Supreme Court
1672:American shooting survivors
1176:William Jay Gaynor monument
754:American National Biography
669:Pink, Louis Heaton (1931).
558:Fire Department of New York
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1687:New York (state) Democrats
751:Cerillo, Augustus (1999).
367:, and had just run as the
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499:Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse
272:. The Gaynor family were
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1512:Robert Anderson Van Wyck
637:Smith, Mortimer (1951).
395:Gaynor walks across the
240:. He served as the 94th
1682:Mayors of New York City
1522:George B. McClellan Jr.
1251:Mayors of New York City
1195:George B. McClellan Jr.
1124:(1995) 31#1 pp: 20–42.
782:Lately, Thomas (1969).
759:Oxford University Press
654:Thomas, Lately (1969).
363:had recently served as
78:George B. McClellan Jr.
1697:People who died at sea
1497:mayor of New York City
1202:Mayor of New York City
1114:(Summer 2021): 24-28.
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250:Charles Francis Murphy
246:New York Supreme Court
233:, associated with the
55:Mayor of New York City
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1157:Gaynor, William Jay.
719:"Mrs. Charles Gulden"
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473:Assassination attempt
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1707:Georgist politicians
1567:Robert F. Wagner Jr.
1134:93.1 (2012): 53-69.
1122:Urban Affairs Review
1058:. September 12, 1913
761:. pp. 816–817.
696:. September 21, 1913
457:Progress and Poverty
428:New York City Subway
399:to his inauguration.
365:Governor of New York
176: 1876;
1552:Jeremiah T. Mahoney
1212:Ardolph Loges Kline
570:from 1914 to 1961.
543:Green-Wood Cemetery
508:Trenton, New Jersey
504:Hoboken, New Jersey
454:'s famous treatise
416:Harry Kermit Vingut
260:Gaynor was born in
90:Ardolph Loges Kline
1537:John Francis Hylan
1527:William Jay Gaynor
1501:1898 consolidation
1187:Political offices
803:The New York Times
693:The New York Times
493:James J. Gallagher
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313:St. Mary's College
262:Oriskany, New York
227:William Jay Gaynor
190:Augusta Cole Mayer
128:September 10, 1913
118:Oriskany, New York
34:William Jay Gaynor
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1209:Succeeded by
1112:New York Archives
1027:. August 10, 1910
996:. 4 February 1913
768:978-0-19-520635-7
592:Explanatory notes
567:William J. Gaynor
341:Benjamin Franklin
238:political machine
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379:In politics
319:Ocean Queen
73:Preceded by
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