278:, which may be undertaken in the future. The prominent part played by Captain Peters is reflected in every aspect of this great work from the planning and preparation to the actual accomplishment of the early cruises and the discussion of the final results for publication. Few geophysicists have accomplished more in establishing the premises upon which others have built fruitful theories in the attempt to solve the difficult problems encountered in the investigation of the Earth's magnetism."
192:, which had begun a program to conduct magnetic surveys of all of Earth's oceans. Such an ambitious project contributed not only to theoretical knowledge, but also to practical application of correcting errors in magnetic charts. With his navigational skills, scientific experience, and adventuresome spirit, Peters was well suited for his next assignment.
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between 1909 and 1913, the first of which included 9,200 NM (17,000 km; 10,600 mi) within the
Atlantic Ocean. The second cruise, totaling 92,829 NM (171,919 km; 106,826 mi) and lasting three years, occurred primarily in the tropical areas of the Atlantic, Indian, and
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Ziegler Polar
Expedition. 1907. The Ziegler Polar Expedition 1903–1905: Scientific results obtained under the direction of William J. Peters, representative of the National Geographic Society in charge of scientific work. Published under auspices of the National Geographic Society and Estate of
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On
September 2, 1908, Peters married Beatrice Speaight Boyd, daughter of William Augustus Boyd and Adeline Todd Speaight. They had one son, Geoffrey Lloyd Peters, and seven grandchildren: William T. Peters, Melody Peters, Catherine Peters Ortega, Geoffrey Peters, Chela Zabin, Atiq Zabinski, and
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After his return in 1914, Peters continued his work with DTM in
Washington, D. C. until he retired from active duty in 1934. However, with over fifty scientific papers to his name, Peters continued to assist with various research projects, including for the
180:, north of Russia. However, the scientific information Peters and his staff collected, including geomagnetic, aurora, astronomical, tide, and weather observations (Ziegler Polar Expedition 1907), contributed significantly to our knowledge of Arctic science.
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Shorkley, G. 1903-04a. Medical records, 1903–1904, of thirty-seven members of the
Ziegler-Fiala expedition. The Papers of George Shorkley (1871–1945), Rauner Special Collections Library, Stefánsson Manuscripts no. 207, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH,
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Shorkley, G. 1903-04b. Medical records—Ziegler Polar
Expedition, June 22, 1903 – September 7, 1904. The Papers of George Shorkley (1871–1945), Rauner Special Collections Library, Stefánsson Manuscripts no. 207, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH,
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Seitz, C. L. 1901–1905. The polar diaries of
Charles Lewis Seitz, M. D. Transcribed by Carolyn Seitz Farone, Betsy Seitz Martin, and Philip Rubovits-Seitz with the assistance of John Martin. Unpublished; obtained from
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Brooks, A. H. 1900. A reconnaissance in the White and Tanana River Basins Alaska in 1898. In
Twentieth annual report of the United States Geological Survey, Part VII, Washington, D.C. pp 431–494.
54:. Before obtaining his degree, he was recruited to conduct boundary surveys in some western states with his uncles, the Major brothers. From 1884 to 1898, Peters worked as a topographer for the
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more than 1,600 mi (2,600 km) across difficult terrain and harsh climate. Numerous topographic features in Alaska were named after
William Peters, including Peters Basin,
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366:"A Reconnaissance In Northern Alaska, Across The Rocky Mountains, Along Koyukuk, John, Anaktuvuk, And Colville Rivers, And The Arctic Coast To Cape Lisburne, in 1901"
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and tropics. His significant contributions the study of geomagnetism at sea in the early 1900s helped lay the foundation for the current scientific understanding of
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Pacific Oceans. During this cruise, Peters and his colleagues found and corrected many magnetic chart errors, which greatly benefited navigators in these oceans.
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Coffin, E. 1903–1905. Edwin Coffin and the Fiala-Ziegler
Expedition, 1850–1917, Martha's Vineyard Museum, Captain Record Unit 268, Martha's Vineyard, MA, USA.
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Brown, C. M. 1984. Indians, traders and bureaucrats in the Upper Tanana District: A history of the Tetlin Reserve. Bureau of Land Management, Anchorage, AK.
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Capelotti, P. J. 2016. The greatest show in the Arctic: The American exploration of Franz Josef Land, 1898–1905. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK.
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is one of the outstanding achievements in the history of geomagnetism, particularly as it will serve as a prototype of similar projects, like that of the
176:(Fiala 1906). Due to extraordinarily challenging ice conditions in both 1904 and 1905, the expedition could not progress much north of their home base,
606:. Vol. no. 175, v. 3. Washington, D. C.: Researches of the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism Volume III. Carnegie Institution of Washington.
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Scientific results obtained under the direction of William J. Peters: representative of the National Geographic Society in charge of scientific work
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528:. Vol. no. 175, v. 2. Washington, D. C.: Researches of the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism Volume II. Carnegie Institution of Washington.
258:. In spite of exceedingly difficult wind, ice, and temperature conditions, Peters continued to complete magnetic observations on land and at sea.
213:, constructed with some magnetic materials, produced disturbing effects on observations. The DTM, therefore, built a new non-magnetic ship, the
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Expedition, Ziegler Polar; Fiala, A.; Peters, W.J.; Fleming, J.A.; Shidy, L.P.; Porter, R.W.; (U.S.), National Geographic Society (1907).
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Porter R.W. 1976. The Arctic Diary of Russell Williams Porter. H. Friis, Ed. University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Peters found his interest in the Earth's magnetic forces closely aligned with the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism (DTM) of the
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266:(Fleming 1942). Harradon (1942) summed up Peters' role in laying the foundation of our current knowledge: "The work of the
50:, in 1863, Peters was son of William Bonaventure Peters and Margaret Major. He took courses in botany and chemistry at the
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205:(98,643 km; 61,294 mi), primarily in the Pacific Ocean, Peters invented a specialized compass used for making
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Harradon, H. D. 1942. William John Peters 1863–1942. Terrestrial Magnetism and Atmospheric Electricity 47:186–193.
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22:(February 5, 1863 – July 10, 1942) was an American explorer and scientist who worked extensively in the
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William J. Peters, Courtesy of Carnegie Institution of Washington, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism
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From 1898 to 1902, Peters continued his work for the United States Geological Survey, mostly in
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Fiala, A. 1906. Fighting the polar ice. New York: Doubleday, Page & Company.
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Ocean magnetic observations 1905—1916 and reports on special researches
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Fleming, J. A. 1942. Obituary: William John Peters. Science 96:127–128.
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In 1914, Peters returned to the north as commander of an expedition to
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Land magnetic observations 1911—1913 and reports on special researches
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and Chief Magnetic Observer. During two cruises, totalling 53,263
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In January 1906, the DTM selected Peters to be Commander of the
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basins (Brooks 1900, Brown 1984). They traveled by foot and
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
220:Peters commanded the first two cruises of the
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174:Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of Abruzzi
717:Scientists from Oakland, California
322:Philosophical Society of Washington
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415:William Ziegler, Washington, D. C.
190:Carnegie Institution of Washington
184:Work with the Carnegie Institution
52:University of California, Berkeley
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16:American explorer and scientist
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307:Arts Club of Washington
256:Crocker Land Expedition
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317:Ends of the Earth Club
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209:determinations. The
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20:William John Peters
82:Arctic exploration
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400:November 1,
312:Cosmos Club
282:Memberships
242:aboard the
207:declination
116:Lake Peters
108:Peters Dome
64:the Dakotas
696:Categories
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342:References
287:Aeroarctic
236:Hudson Bay
162:North Pole
135:John River
60:California
42:Early life
638:cite book
560:cite book
490:cite book
114:Peak and
104:dog teams
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600:(1917).
522:(1915).
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448:(1912).
276:Research
272:Carnegie
254:and the
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223:Carnegie
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131:Schrader
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46:Born in
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268:Galilee
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156:on the
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375:May 3,
371:. USGS
333:Family
238:, and
137:, the
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74:, and
72:Kansas
24:Arctic
369:(PDF)
96:White
650:help
626:OCLC
618:LCCN
608:ISBN
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548:OCLC
538:ISBN
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460:ISBN
435:USA.
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402:2017
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
