29:
242:, Salesbury went to work on this project. In 1563, an act of parliament ordered the bishops of Wales and Hereford to see that a Welsh translation of the Bible, Book of Common Prayer and administration of the sacraments be ready by 1 March 1567. Quite possibly a confederate in this project, Robert Crowley, Salesbury's former printer, was at this time a
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It is likely that
Salesbury died around 1580; the place of his burial is unknown. Brinley Jones considers him the outstanding example of the Welsh Renaissance scholar, broad in his range and interests, inquisitive and enquiring. Mathias concludes that it would be hard to find anybody who has rendered
110:
as well as the technology of printing. Here too he was caught up in the renaissance of learning. Mathias suggests that it was at Oxford that
Salesbury left the Roman Catholic church and became a Protestant. Although there is no record of his either having taken a degree at Oxford or having gone on to
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was to virtually adopt
Salesbury's version of the New Testament into his Bible of 1588. Sir John Wynn of Gwydir believed that Richard Davies and Salesbury were also collaborating on a translation of the Old Testament but disagreed over the use of one word. Whatever the truth of this, work on the Old
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sounds with Hebrew and Greek is included, plus an examination of the Latin element in Welsh (which he had first examined in the dictionary of 1547). Both of these books have become important sources for information about the spoken
English of the sixteenth century. One of Salesbury's books of 1550,
203:
In this work, he took part in one the great controversies of the time, considering the doctrine of the sacrifice of the mass as show in the existence of stone altars in churches. A third
Salesbury book with Crowley's imprint in 1551 is a translation of the epistle and gospel readings from the 1549
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Brinley Jones describes the remarkable range of
Salesbury's writings, "the product of a Renaissance humanist scholar, lexicographer, and translator". Mathias describes his motivations as making the Bible available to the Welsh people, and imparting knowledge to them in their own language. In 1547,
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from the original Greek into Welsh. Salesbury was responsible for a large part of the translation therefore, as well as being editor. This was published on 7 October 1567. As
Mathias points out, Salesbury's translations were heavily criticised for being full of Latinisms and other orthographical
136:, printed by John Waley 'at London in Foster Lane' in 1547. Mathias conjectures that this may have been the first book to be printed in Welsh. Brinley Jones suggests that the dictionary has the appearance of a work-book, devised in the first place for Salesbury's own use. In 1550 his
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Ban wedy i dynny air yngair o hen gyfreith Howel da vap Cadell brenhin Kymbry ynghylch chwechant mlynedd aeth heibio wrth yr hwn van y gellir deall bot yr offeiriait y pryd hynny yn priodi gwragedd yn ddichwith ac yn kyttal ac wynt in
189:. A certaine case extracte out of the auncient law of Hoel da, kyng of Wales in the yere of oure Lorde, nyne hundred and fourtene passed: whereby it maye gathered that priestes had lawfully married wyues at that tyme.
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was another source. Most of the entries follow the same pattern—the name(s) in Latin, English, Welsh, a description, where the herbs are found, when they appear, and what properties they possess.
549:
Isaac Thomas, "William
Salesbury and his Testament", Cardiff : University of Wales Press, 1967 / Isaac Thomas, "William Salesbury a'i Destament", Caerdydd : Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru, 1967.
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peculiarities and consequently unintelligible to many of his contemporaries. However, Mathias is still able to describe them as fine translations, both as regards language and style. Moreover,
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and Luther that the Bible should be available to all in their native language was firmly advocated by
Salesbury. He wrote 'Insist on having Holy Scripture in your language' (
82:; this had been the residence of both his father and his brother. He was probably educated locally, and was certainly influenced by the literary traditions of the
28:
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to the Welsh and
English by establishing precedent for it in the "auncient law" of a Welsh king. (It was no doubt significant that the present royal family, the
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This book, printed by Robert Crowley, was in Welsh and English; as the title indicates, it was an attempt to justify Protestant doctrine in favour of a
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greater service to the Welsh nation than William Salesbury. His translation of the scriptures into Welsh laid the foundations of modern Welsh prose.
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115:. Although he spent considerable time in London, there is no evidence of his having travelled abroad. His wife was Catrin Llwyd, sister of
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199:, had Welsh origins.) Also in 1550, a polemical text appeared under Crowley's imprint stating that it was "compiled" by Salesbury:
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W. Alun Mathias, "Llyfr Rhetoreg William Salesbury," Llen Cymru, vol. 1, 1951, pp. 259–268, and vol. 2, 1952, pp. 71–81.
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Kynniuer llith a ban or yscrythur lan ac a d'arlleir yr eccleis pryd commun, y sulieu a'r gwilieu trwy'r vlwyd'yn: o Cambereiciat
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A briefe and a playne introduction, teachyng how to pronounce the letters in the British tong (now commonly called Walsh)...
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Salesbury also published books in Welsh at the same time. In 1547 he published a collection of 930 Welsh proverbs made by
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20:
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225:, 1553–1558, in hiding and probably back in Llanrwst. As a consequence his writing and publishing came to a stop.
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The Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 281: British Rhetoricians and Logicians, 1500–1660, Second Series
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214:. Brinley Jones describes this as his first major contribution towards presenting the scriptures in Welsh.
78:. 1520) and Annes, daughter of Wiliam ap Gruffydd ap Robin o Gochwillan. By 1540 he had moved to Plas Isa,
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Salesbury also translated the English Book of Common Prayer into Welsh, which was published in 1567 as
391:"Salesbury, William (1520? - 1584?), scholar and chief translator of the first Welsh New Testament"
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James Pierce, "A Rare Scholar: The Life and Work of William Salesbury." Y Lolfa, 2016.
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Salesbury was born some time before 1520 (possibly as early as 1507) in the parish of
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of Hereford, having been instituted to the stall or prebend of "Pratum majus" in the
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Statue of William Salesbury on the Translators' Memorial in the churchyard of
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has been described as the first science book in the English language.
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288:. Like the Welsh New Testament, this was published by Humphrey Toy.
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The baterie of the Popes Botereulx, commonly called the high altare.
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297:('Herbal'), was basically a paraphrase of some of the best-known
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yarde, The. xvij. of May. 1567." A short comparative study of
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one of the inns of court, it is known that in 1550 he was at
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languages, and became familiar with the (banned) writings of
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of St David's, (Revelation) to prepare a translation of the
90:, probably living in Broadgates Hall. Here he studied the
518:. Translated by H. Idris Bell. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
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A Rare Scholar: The Life and Work of William Salesbury
221:, Salesbury was obliged to spend most of the reign of
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The Descripcion of the Sphere or Frame of the Worlde,
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488:
434:. Oxford: Oxford dictionary of national biography.
261:, (1 Timothy, Hebrews, James, 1 and 2 Peter) and
539:R. Brinley Jones, "Geirfa Rhethreg 1552–1632,"
54:and the principal translator of the 1567 Welsh
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491:The new companion to the literature of Wales
447:Astronomical Thought in Renaissance England
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74:. He was the second son of Ffwg Salesbury (
474:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
536:, Detroit: Gale, 2003, pp. 260–273.
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495:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
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46:, (c. 1520 – c. 1584) was the leading
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144:. A revised edition was printed "by
128:Salesbury produced an English-Welsh
581:Translators of the Bible into Welsh
134:A dictionary in Englyshe and Welshe
616:Alumni of the University of Oxford
460:Evans, J. Gwenogvryn, ed. (1902).
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656:16th-century Anglican theologians
586:History of Christianity in Wales
291:Salesbury's last recorded work,
152:, at the sygne of the Helmet in
449:. Baltimore. pp. 121, 133.
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514:A history of Welsh literature
396:Dictionary of Welsh Biography
19:For the Welsh privateer, see
606:Welsh scholars and academics
487:Stephens, Meic, ed. (1998).
462:Oll Synnwyr pen Kembero ygyd
175:Oll synnwyr pen Kembero ygyd
360:. Y Lolfa. pp. 10–11.
279:Testament did not proceed.
21:William Salesbury (of Rhug)
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636:16th-century Welsh writers
430:Brinley Jones, R. (2004).
301:of the time, particularly
238:). With the succession of
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641:16th-century male writers
596:Welsh non-fiction writers
445:Johnson, Francis (1937).
401:National Library of Wales
631:16th-century translators
543:, vol. 9, 1976, 118–146.
285:Y Llyfr Gweddi Gyffredin
119:. She died around 1572.
532:, "William Salesbury,"
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510:Parry, Thomas (1955).
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240:Elizabeth I
172:(d. 1564),
117:Ellis Price
113:Thavies Inn
52:Renaissance
565:Categories
406:16 October
344:References
219:Protestant
130:dictionary
68:Llansannan
62:Early life
557:Citations
470:cite book
464:. Bangor.
267:Precentor
44:Salusbury
332:See also
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299:herbals
230:Erasmus
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