292:(1814) contained recommendations of reform for the already new Navy hospital system. He urged that U.S. Navy hospitals should be modeled after British medical facilities. One of his many recommendations recommended that all hospital property should be marked “U.S. Naval Hospital” to prevent theft. The mere fact of the book having achieved a second edition three years later, is an indication of the estimation in which it was held. It contained a fund of information collected from various sources, both at home and abroad, and revealed an originality of thought and expression which stamped its author as far in advance of the times.
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medical supplies could be properly procured and accounted for; the abolition of a venereal fee; uniform standards for recruits; higher professional standards for Navy physicians; standardizations and administrations of naval hospitals; and strict control over the use of liquor on board ships. He was a vehement prohibitionist, and had a “liquor circular” pasted on boxes of whisky identifying the contents as medical supplies which required stringent accounting, a step which was not popular in the fleet.
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224:, shows a young Barton in uniform – a blue coat with gold braid, and hands gloved. Barton wrote, “I was overwhelmed with the difficulties I had to encounter in the performance of professional duties, where every species of inconvenience and disadvantage that can be imagined was opposed to the exertions of the surgeon.” Ultimately, Barton was not one to accept inadequacies, but rather to fight for reform.
353:(1796–1871), the originator of corrective osteotomy for joint ankylosis. He invented both the "Barton bandage" (a figure eight bandage that provides support below and anterior to the lower jaw), and Barton forceps (obstetrical forceps with one fixed, curved blade and lunged anterior blade for application to a high transverse position of the head). The
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Barton fought to tighten the controls of shipboard medical supplies. He called for the introduction of lemons and limes aboard Navy ships long before the U.S. Navy accepted the importance of an antiscorbutic treatment for vitamin C deficiency or scurvy. Barton went as far as to send a bottle of lime
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By 1824, Barton served on the first board to examine candidates for the Navy's medical service. The intent of the board was to examine
Surgeon's Mates, "preparatory to their promotion to the rank of Surgeons." The board was also authorized to examine applicants for Commissions as Surgeons' Mates and
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He was the first to promote the idea of employing female nurses in the U.S. Navy. He described the "matron's characteristics: she should be "discreet ... reputable ... capable ... neat, cleanly, and tidy in her dress, and urbane and tender in her deportment." She would supervise the nurses and other
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In
February, 1811, Congress passed an act establishing naval hospitals. Secretary of the Navy Paul Hamilton later asked Barton to compose a set of regulations for governing these hospitals. Barton was well aware of the shortcomings in Navy medical care. Shipboard facilities were primitive, and there
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Barton began by drafting rules for governing naval hospitals. In 1812, the Navy
Department submitted them to Congress. "Each hospital accommodating at least one hundred men should maintain a staff including a surgeon, who must be a college or university graduate; two surgeon's mates; a steward; a
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appointed Barton to the office of first head of the Bureau of
Medicine and Surgery on September 2, 1842. (The post of Navy Surgeon General was created in March 1871). His time as Chief clerk was active, but short. Among his recommendations were the adoption of a supply table so that drugs and
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Barton, WPC. A Treatise
Containing a Plan for the Internal Organization and Government of Marine Hospitals in the United States: Together with A Scheme for Amending and Systematizing the Medical Department of the United States Navy. 1st ed. Philadelphia; privately printed, 1814. pages
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Barton, WPC. A Treatise
Containing a Plan for the Internal Organization and Government of Marine Hospitals in the United States: Together with A Scheme for Amending and Systematizing the Medical Department of the United States Navy. 1st ed. Philadelphia; privately printed, 1814. pages
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Barton, WPC. A Treatise
Containing a Plan for the Internal Organization and Government of Marine Hospitals in the United States: Together with A Scheme for Amending and Systematizing the Medical Department of the United States Navy. 1st ed. Philadelphia; privately printed, 1814. page
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At the age of 23, Barton chose to enter the U.S. Navy as a surgeon. He received his commission on April 10, 1809, and less than week later commissioned the famous Thomas Sully to paint his portrait for a sum of $ 50. This painting, now in the
Wilstach Collection at the
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207:, Barton received his medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania. Complete with an illustration of a giddy man breathing in “laughing gas” from a sheep's bladder, the treatise had great impact on scientific thought when
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The
Philadelphia Botanical Club publishes a journal named after Dr. Barton called the Bartonia. The publication publishes articles about original research in plant systematics, plant ecology, and plant conservation biology.
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degree in 1805. The curriculum included
Aristotelian logic, and study of the Greek and Latin languages. While he was at Princeton, each member of his class assumed the name of some celebrated man. The one he chose was
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A Treatise Containing a Plan for the Internal Organization and Government of Marine Hospitals in the United States: Together with A Scheme for Amending and Systematizing the Medical Department of the United States
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A Treatise Containing a Plan for the Internal Organization and Government of Marine Hospitals in the United States: Together with A Scheme for Amending and Systematizing the Medical Department of the United States
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is named after Benjamin Smith Barton's son Thomas Pennant Barton (1803–1869), who was William Barton's first cousin. It comprises one of largest and most valuable Shakespeare collections in the world.
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Barton, WPC. A Dissertation on Chymical Properties and Exhilarating Effects of Nitrous Oxide Gas and Its Application to Pneumatick Medicine. Philadelphia: Lorenzo Pres, 1808: pages xiii–v.
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with the instructions to drink it in the form of lemonade. His outspoken manner angered many of his colleagues. Barton, of necessity, became familiar with the administration of hospitals.
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matron; a wardmaster; four permanent nurses; and a variety of servants." Not satisfied with the hastily drafted suggestions, Barton expanded his theories in a treatise published in 1814.
341:. He was a fellow of the college of physicians in Philadelphia, president of the Linnaean Society, and a member of the American Philosophical Society, and other scientific societies.
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In 1830 he became the commanding officer at Naval Hospital Norfolk, VA. He was involved in the development of the Philadelphia Naval Hospital when it was located in the
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369:, the great American astronomer and President of the American Philosophical Society. Esther Barton allegedly colored many of Dr. Barton's botanical drawings in his
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attendants as well as those working in the laundry, larder, and kitchen, but her main function was to ensure that patients were clean, well-fed, and comfortable.
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196:, who was a renowned botanist and author of the first American text book on botanical science. In these years of study, William Barton's interest in
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Part IV: University Components and Activities --- Chapter 49: The Medical College Deanship and Chapter 50: Hospital Administration (pages 850–888)
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that were engraved by Cornelius Tiebout (using what Barton called "the new style of engraving" and "the French method") can be viewed online.
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Pleadwell, Frank L., Capt. "Edward Cutbush, M.D.: The Nestor of the Medical Corps of the Navy." Annals of Medical History 5 (1923): page 267
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Pleadwell, FL CAPT. William Paul Crillon Barton (1786–1856), Surgeon, United States Navy—A Pioneer in American Naval Medicine.
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A Dissertation on Chymical Properties and Exhilarating Effects of Nitrous Oxide Gas and Its Application to Pneumatick Medicine
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A Dissertation on Chymical Properties and Exhilarating Effects of Nitrous Oxide Gas and Its Application to Pneumatick Medicine
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A Polemical Remonstrance Against the Project of Creating the New Office of Surgeon General in the Navy of the United States
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330:(1876). Gross portrayed his old teacher as a colorful character in a speech delivered to Alumni Association of
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On the death of his uncle Benjamin Smith Barton in 1815, William Barton became professor of botany at the
188:, and the initials P. C. were retained by him the rest of his life. Barton began studying medicine at the
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Gross, Samuel D. A speech to the Alumni Association at Thomas Jefferson Medical College, March 11, 1871.
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History of Blockley: A History of the Philadelphia General Hospital from its Inception, 1731–1928
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Pleadwell, FL CAPT. Edward Cutbush, M.D.: The Nestor of the Medical Corps of the Navy.”
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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131:(November 17, 1786 – March 27, 1856), was a medical botanist, physician, professor,
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373:, but a search for documentation was not unsuccessful. The colored plates in
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were no permanent hospitals ashore, only temporary facilities in Navy yards.
263:. Today, this gothic structure, that also served as the first home of the
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Philadelphia Museum of Art. William P.C. Barton, W1919-2-1. Fact Sheet.
304:, and for years much of Barton's time was dedicated to the teaching of
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botanical illustrator, university teacher, physician, botanist, surgeon
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As was customary for the era, Barton pursued a classical education at
163:(1766–1815) was an eminent medical botanist and vice-president of the
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Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania alumni
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experiments were “generally derided as extravagant and imaginary.”
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Cornelius Tiebout Engravings: Part 10. Botany (Barton and Barton)
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Barton was married to Esther Sergeant the grand daughter of
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He died on March 27, 1856, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Military medicine: from ancient times to the 21st century
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and the natural sciences grew into a lifelong passion.
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Hints for Medical Officers Cruising in the West Indies
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From 1828 to 1829, Barton also served as the Dean of
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Serving Proudly: A History of Women in the U.S. Navy
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William Barton serves on naval board, June 11, 1824
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399:1st ed. Philadelphia; Privately printed, 1814.
837:. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, MD. 1995.
486:Kelly, Howard A.; Burrage, Walter L. (eds.).
404:Vegetable Materia Medica of the United States
310:University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
190:University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
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835:A History of Medicine in the Early U.S. Navy
563:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
501:. Baltimore: The Norman, Remington Company.
740:. Thomas Jefferson University. p. 851
419:(vol. 1, 1821; vol. 2, 1822; vol. 3, 1823)
392:Philadelphia: Lorenzo Pres, 1808: xiii–v.
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27:American surgeon and scientist (1786–1856)
903:United States Navy Medical Corps officers
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601:. Marcel Dekker, Inc, 1997. May 5, 1997.
316:. One of his prominent students was Dr.
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489:"Barton, William Paul Crillon"
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332:Thomas Jefferson Medical College
314:Thomas Jefferson Medical College
873:American botanical illustrators
802:International Plant Names Index
598:Vitamin C in health and disease
411:Compedium Florae Philadelphicae
283:Treatise on U.S. Navy hospitals
157:Great Seal of the United States
661:McCallum, Jack Edward (2008).
165:American Philosophical Society
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203:In 1808, upon publication of
135:, and botanical illustrator.
496:American Medical Biographies
320:, later immortalized in the
308:, or medical botany, at the
883:Princeton University alumni
868:United States Navy officers
256:report upon their fitness.
129:William Paul Crillon Barton
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302:University of Pennsylvania
222:Philadelphia Museum of Art
80:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
58:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
852:Annals of Medical History
788:For more information see
339:Jefferson Medical College
192:in 1805 under his uncle,
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650:. Naval Institute, 2001.
566:. New York: D. Appleton.
417:A Flora of North America
371:A Flora of North America
98:United States of America
119:Liriodendron tulipifera
557:"Barton, Thomas"
296:Pennsylvania academics
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772:"Death of Dr. Barton"
359:Boston Public Library
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194:Benjamin Smith Barton
161:Benjamin Smith Barton
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845:The Military Surgeon
517:search.amphilsoc.org
513:"APS Member History"
179:, graduating with a
177:Princeton University
90:Laurel Hill Cemetery
36:William P. C. Barton
847:46 (1920): 241–281.
447:author abbreviation
334:on March 11, 1871.
18:William P.C. Barton
807: W.P.C.Barton
698:New York Spectator
667:. ABC-CLIO, 2008.
265:U.S. Naval Academy
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215:U.S. Naval Surgeon
186:Count Paul Crillon
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878:American surgeons
854:5 (1923): 337–86.
778:: 144. July 1856.
758:Clark Kimberling
674:978-1-85109-693-0
646:Godson, Susan H.
608:978-0-8247-9313-5
367:David Rittenhouse
355:Barton Collection
124:by William Barton
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776:NY Jour Med
269:Grays Ferry
95:Nationality
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469:References
276:John Tyler
274:President
72:1856-03-28
552:Fiske, J.
324:painting
171:Education
139:Biography
790:Bartonia
614:June 17,
522:April 2,
680:June 8,
629:147–155
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734:"49".
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198:botany
712:38–39
375:Flora
746:2011
682:2010
669:ISBN
616:2010
603:ISBN
586:xiii
524:2021
397:Navy
312:and
290:Navy
287:His
65:Died
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