266:, extinct armored jawless fish, to support evolution from arthropods to them and then to vertebrates. He also conducted other fieldwork. For example, in summer 1890 he was commissioned by the Botanical Division of the United States Department of Agriculture to collect specimens of grass from North Dakota for a project to determine if any were suitable for growing for grazing without irrigation. This assessment was undertaken by staff at the newly-established
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Labrador and the Baltic region. He became very skilled in revealing the fossilised remains from its stony matrix to see previously unknown fine structural details. His research supported his belief that ostracoderms were the ancestors of fish and linked invertebrates to vertebrates. Patten tended to work alone and rarely attended scientific conferences. He was a forceful lecturer.
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to replace him. Patten continued to work on the phylogeny of ostracoderms, scorpions and primitive fish as well some a minor interests such as the embryology of molluscs and arthropods. He travelled worldwide during summer vacations to collect fossils, including to
Australia, Japan, Costa Rica, Cuba,
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with
Leuckart's group, developing a life-long interest in embryology and evolutionary relationships. His work was supported by a fellowship from Harvard for three year's research in Europe. He was awarded a doctoral degree in 1884. He then spent a year at the Zoological Station at Trieste and another
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Patten married
Elizabeth Merrill in 1883. She accompanied him on his fossil collecting expeditions. They had one child. Patten was noted for his singing in a local musical society while he was at University of North Dakota. He died in Hanover, New Hampshire on October 27, 1932.
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in 1921. He was the chair and vice-president of the
Zoology section of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1919. He was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science degree when he retired by Dartmouth College.
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293:, to other disciplines. It was a mandatory course for all new students which was both innovative and quite controversial. At the time, some states in the USA did not allow evolution to be covered in
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Between 1920 and his retirement in 1931 he gave a lecture course on evolution to all new students at
Dartmouth College. The content was probably a development of his course in
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Patten returned to the USA and between 1886 and 1889 acted as a research assistant at the Lake
Laboratory in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the private research laboratory of
297:. In 1919 he addressed the annual meeting of American Association for the Advancement of Science about “The Message of the Biologist” and followed this with a book
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and Patten influenced him to study insect embryology and development using the cockroach as an example, which became an important part of his future career.
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that he started in 1898. This became a course where he and other members of the academic staff linked science, including evolution of humans and
405:, recognising excellence in the sciences and liberal arts from a small number of universities in the USA. Patten was elected as a Fellow of the
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219:. He graduated with a B.Sc. degree in 1883 and was awarded a Parker Travelling Fellowship. He then travelled to Europe and studied with
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He outlined a philosophy of science in service to society that invoked chemistry theory, mixed with evolution theory and ecology.
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William Patten (1885) The
Embryology of Patella. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Instituts zu Wein. Published Vienna.
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However, by 1923 there was little opposition to the course and it was seen as a leading example of pedagogy.
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William Patten (1912) The evolution of the vertebrates and their kin. P. Blakiston's Son & Company.
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as well as having some interest in insects, taking a morphological approach to both. Patten studied
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Lauder, George V. (1981). "Edward Phelps Allis: discovery of his anatomical illustrations".
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In
October 1889 Patten was appointed the Professor of Biology and Curator of Museums at the
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Patten was the author of several books and many scientific publications. These included:
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in Fargo. He also gave talks to local societies, including on the subject of evolution.
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After his death in 1932, Patten's collection of ostracoderm fossils was donated to the
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770:"William Patten Dartmouth College, Zoologist, paleontologist, educator. elected 1921"
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The Grand
Strategy of Evolution: The Social Philosophy of a Biologist.
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The Grand
Strategy of Evolution: the Social Philosophy of a Biologist
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The Grand Strategy of Evolution: the Social Philosophy of a Biologist
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on March 15, 1861. He attended Harvard university (then known as the
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The Grand Strategy of Evolution: the Social Philosophy of a Biologist
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Robertson, G. M. (1935). "The ostracoderm genus Dartmuthia Patten".
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William Patten (1890) On the Origin of Vertebrates from Arachnids.
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in New Hampshire, USA. The University of North Dakota appointed
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were more likely ancestors rather than the then-current idea of
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at Leipzig University in Germany. Leuckart specialised in
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Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
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The Makers of Biology at the University of North Dakota
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In 1893 he was appointed as a professor at the private
171:(1861-1932) was an American biologist and zoologist at
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
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183:, ideas on the origin of vertebrates from
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521:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
215:during his first year for an essay about
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661:"The evolutionary debate at Dartmouth"
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407:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
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97:ideas about evolution; ostracoderms
843:University of North Dakota faculty
533:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1981.tb01653.x
420:American Museum of Natural History
287:Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates
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268:North Dakota Agricultural College
213:Boston Society of Natural History
848:American evolutionary biologists
321:Eyes of molluscs and arthropods.
217:Myology and osteology of the cat
262:. This led him to research the
585:"The message of the biologist"
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154:Author abbrev. (zoology)
452:"William Patten (1861-1932)"
187:and his 1919 address to the
687:American Journal of Science
494:Kannowski, Paul B. (2015).
366:New Ostracoderms from Oesel
203:William Patten was born in
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450:Goldthwait, J. W. (1936).
252:University of North Dakota
209:Lawrence Scientific School
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130:University of North Dakota
838:Dartmouth College faculty
833:Leipzig University alumni
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234:Naples Zoological Station
191:and follow-up book about
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853:American paleontologists
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205:Watertown, Massachusetts
199:Early life and education
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401:He was a member of the
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403:Phi Beta Kappa society
364:William Patten (1931)
357:William Patten (1920)
319:William Patten (1887)
245:William Morton Wheeler
73:Hanover, New Hampshire
324:Journal of Morphology
722:"Dr. William Patten"
295:children's education
229:marine invertebrates
813:American zoologists
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699:1935AmJS...29..323R
601:1920Sci....51...93P
720:W., A. S. (1932).
88:Leipzig University
84:Harvard University
16:American zoologist
397:Awards and honors
279:Melvin A. Brannon
275:Dartmouth College
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119:Scientific career
105:Elizabeth Merrill
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67:(1932-10-27)
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779:25 February
670:25 February
630:26 February
565:25 February
504:29 December
807:Categories
426:References
381:Dartmuthia
361:RG Badger.
256:arthropods
47:1861-03-15
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185:arachnids
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468:20023188
110:Children
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589:Science
369:Science
348:Science
232:at the
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147:(1884)
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551:(PDF)
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781:2022
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