243:. But for a northern Protestant McCabe also had the unusual ability to move throughout the south. In his travels in the textile trade across the British Isles, McCabe had acquired a command of local accents and a talent for mimicry that made him a master of disguise. Among other roles, he assumed that of an itinerant preacher (changing halfway through his sermon to a discourse on the politics of the day), a mendicant, a farmer, a pedlar, and a British army recruiter (under which guise he persuaded a judge in
334:, McCabe was one of a number of young militants determined to reconstruct the Society on a strict military-conspiratorial basis. Members were to be chosen personally by its officers, meeting as the executive directory. The immediate aim of the reconstituted society was, in conjunction with simultaneous risings in Ireland and England to again solicit a French invasion. For the new United Irish Directory in exile he undertook a number of missions, with reports of his presence in
61:
79:
467:. Pleading that his only cause had been to restore some measure of his ruined fortune, he was returned to exile, and placed on a ship for Portugal. Undeterred, McCabe returned to Ireland again in 1817, accompanied by his daughter, but was denounced in Belfast by his stepmother, who wanted to cut him out of his late father's estate. He was imprisoned in
378:. The factory was visited by Napoleon who, welcoming its output as a substitution for English imports, endowed the enterprise with 4,000 francs. McCabe's establishment became a rendezvous for the Irish exiles arriving in France and there, the British government understood, McCabe trained emissaries and stored arms to be sent in support of
311:. He married (under the name Lee) to Elizabeth McNeil (née Lockhart) a widow, by whom he had one child, a daughter. Before the end of 1801, the family withdrew to France. Before departing for the Continent McCabe travelled to Scotland, where he made contact with the United Irish leaders imprisoned in
474:
When friends applied for his release, on the plea that he only travelled on his own business, the Home
Secretary replied: ‘"It might be true that Mr McCabe never went to any part of England or Ireland except upon business of his own; but it was very extraordinary that, in whatever part of the king's
450:
and under
Secretary Alexander Marsden. This was to encourage the most dangerously disaffected in Ireland to fatally compromise the prospects for an effective revolt by acting in advance of a French invasion. Emmet was their unwitting instrument, drawn home from Paris for the purpose of organising a
254:
On his arrival at his destination, McCabe would organise supporters in groups of twelve and in order to help the country people to understand the organisation of the United
Irishmen he would draw up plans so that "even persons of little education could understand how they were to act from a single
274:
of
Moneyhore, the only two "Colonels" in the county who were to fight in the rebellion with distinction. That Kelly and Cloney were sworn United Irishmen in advance of the rebellion, however, has been disputed, and in general, there appears to be conflicting evidence of the level of organisation
441:
In her 1948 biography of Emmet, Helen
Landreth, offers a very different account of McCabe's relationship with O'Connor. She proposes that the French had evidence of McCabe double-dealing, but that O'Connor interceded on his behalf. She suspects that from 1802 both men had been agents of a plot
393:
in 1805 eliminated any prospect of a French invasion, McCabe made contact with the
British government. According to the home office papers of Sir Charles Flint, head of the aliens office in London, McCabe expressed his disillusionment with the French government (Napoleon remained fixed, not on
454:
Landreth writes that "there is no documentary proof that McCabe was a government agent until 1818, when he was in gaol in Dublin and was writing various government as a subsidised employee of long standing. But she does not quote or cite her sources. Emmet biographer
Patrick Geoghegan finds
430:, borrowed money from McCabe to acquire a country residence. O’Connor's tardiness in repaying the debt to McCabe, whose investments into cotton spinning in Rouen failed, resulted in legal proceedings (which McCabe's daughter, Elizabeth Nesbitt was to continue, after his death).
475:
dominions his own business brought him, some public disturbance was sure to take place". In 1819 McCabe, evading arresting officers, reappeared in
Glasgow, where disturbances did take place. In March 1820 there was a week of strikes in the town, the so-called
278:
Such were the reports reaching London of McCabe travelling "about in all sorts of disguises", that Sir
Charles Flint of the Irish office was persuaded that "next to Lord Edward Fitzgerald, McCabe was the life and soul of the 1798 rebellion".
300:, that he was an innocent Scottish weaver looking for employment and was released. He then appeared among rebels in Kildare (where a government spy reports McCabe confessing to having seen action), and, in September, with French
227:
to join them in reform but they have refused". With the French declaration of war against
Britain in February 1793, the United Irishmen began to think in terms of a French assisted insurrection, and to organise accordingly.
502:
circle involved in these incidents contacting Irish emigres in Paris, including McCabe (alias "Cato"). This reportedly led to McCabe's secret return to London and his presence at the attempted uprising on 2 December 1816.
194:
and across the Catholic Midlands, resolved to secure for Ireland a national government accountable to a parliament in which "all the people", Catholic and Protestant, should have "equal representation".
207:, in his own words "imbued, not merely with the political, but, unfortunately also, with the religious opinions, of Paine". He joined his father in the Society of United Irishmen, working first with
132:
In 1814, having ventured to Ireland, he was arrested and deported to Portugal. He returned again in 1817 and was imprisoned for eighteen months. McCabe died in Paris on 6 January 1821, age 46.
212:
463:
At the beginning of 1814, for the purpose of pursuing his suit with O'Connor, McCabe returned to Dublin. He was arrested and transferred to London, where he was interrogated at the
179:
His father was renowned for having rallied members of the church and others in town in 1786 to oppose and defeat a proposal by the wealthy merchants and West-Indian slaveholders
704:
221:
recorded an interview with McCabe and Neilson in April 1793 from which he understood that the people in the north were "burning with indignation" against the government (the
239:
where in 1796 government reports identify him as the Society's provincial secretary. He made regular use of the contacts, and of the hospitality, offered by his fellow
203:
Shortly after his father's business premises in Belfast had been ransacked by soldiers in February 1793, the young McCabe returned from a textile apprenticeship in
1174:
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366:, the United Irishman and "United Briton" who was executed in February 1803 as the alleged ringleader of a plot against King and Parliament.
399:
423:
414:. Negotiations led to some relaxation of his banishment so far as England and Scotland were concerned, but Ireland remained prohibited.
105:, he effected a number of daring escapes but was ultimately forced by his government pursuers into exile in France. With the favour of
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McCabe was arrested in Dublin in May 1798, just before the outbreak of the rebellion, while escorting the United Irish leader
1257:
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149:
446:(then out of office, but anticipating his return as Prime Minister), and directed from Dublin Castle by the Chief Secretary
872:
Cullen, Louis (1987), "The Rebellion in Wexford: United Irish Organisation, Membership, Leadership", in Kevin Wehlan (ed),
495:
148:, and his first wife Jean (née Woolsey). The family were members of the First Presbyterian Church in Rosemary marked by a
222:
1333:
403:
186:
In October 1791, Thomas McCabe and other prominent friends of reform in Belfast, met with Wolf Tone to inaugurate the
498:, including Lord Castlereagh, in February 1820. In 1814 there are French police reports of several members of this
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187:
165:
98:
82:
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that McCabe had been a double agent, a charge to which, Madden notes, the French government lent no credence.
383:
102:
1191:
As I Roved Out: A Book of the North : Being a Series of Historical Sketches of Ulster and Old Belfast
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410:. Through the prime minister's private secretary, William Dacre Adams, he also made an approach to
390:
297:
248:
153:
689:
Rodgers, Nini (1997). "Equiano in Belfast: a study of the anti-slavery ethos in a northern town".
451:
rising by McCabe's misrepresentations of conditions in Ireland and with O'Connor's encouragement.
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In 1802, in partnership with the Dublin merchant Philip Long, McCabe established a cotton mill in
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1063:"Official List of Radical Activists and Suspected Activists Involved in Emmet's Rebellion, 1803"
225:
in Dublin) and that they "have gone to the greatest lengths to hold out their hands the nation
482:
Madden also suggests connections between McCabe and replays in London of the Despard Plot: the
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The Men of No Property: Irish Radicals and Popular Politics in the Late Eighteenth Century
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Wexford: History and Society - Interdisciplinary Essays on the History of an Irish County
113:
while remaining active as a member of a new United Irish Directory. He worked to assist
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Radical Underworld: Prophets, Revolutionaries, and Pornographers in London, 1795-1840
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271:
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118:
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Arthur O'Connor: The Most Important Irish Revolutionary You May Never Have Heard Of
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101:. Facing multiple indictments for treason as a result of his role in fomenting the
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705:"Thomas McCabe, the Presbyterian radical who kept the slave ships out of Belfast"
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in coordinating a new rising in Ireland in 1803, and later had contact with the
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343:
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190:. The Society, which quickly spread to Belfast's Presbyterian hinterlands, to
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Dissenting Voices: Rediscovering the Irish Progressive Presbyterian Tradition
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and Thomas Greg to commission vessels in the port for the Middle Passage.
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895:"The United Irishmen and the Wexford Rebellion: The Sources Re-Examined"
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296:. While Fitzgerald escaped, McCabe convinced his captors, a party of
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McCabe died in Paris on 6 January 1821 and was buried there in the
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In October 1798, McCabe left Ireland, living for a time quietly in
375:
358:, Belfast and Dublin. The early historian of the United Irishmen,
308:
110:
977:
Elliott, Marianne (May 1977). "The 'Despard Plot' Reconsidered".
434:
suggests that the debt was behind O'Connor's later suggestion to
579:"Presbyterians and Science in the North of Ireland before 1874"
455:
Landreth's argument entirely circumstantial and unconvincing.
471:
for eighteen months, in conditions that weakened his health.
327:, Lord Edward's widow, before eventually arriving in Paris.
785:. Belfast: Ulster Historical Foundation. pp. 140–141.
652:"A United Irish Family: The McCabes of Belfast (Part III)"
235:, McCabe became a roving organiser for the Society across
152:"New Light" teaching conducive to the enthusiasm for the
1297:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 23–24, 110.
1002:"McCabe, William Putnam | Dictionary of Irish Biography"
426:, following his marriage in 1807 to the daughter of the
164:
in the town. McCabe's middle name was in honour of the
315:
and among whom he seems to have won the confidence of
810:. Basingstoke, Hamps.: Macmillan Press. p. 159.
73:
54:
42:
30:
23:
1279:The United Irishmen, Their Lives and Times: v. 1
1252:. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. pp. 40–41.
1229:Landreth (1948), pp. x-xi, 121, 121n, 246n, 247n
1032:The United Irishmen, Their Lives and Times: v. 1
960:The United Irishmen, Their Lives and Times: v. 1
943:The United Irishmen, Their Lives and Times: v. 1
834:The United Irishmen, Their Lives and Times: v. 1
767:The United Irishmen, Their Lives and Times: v. 1
362:, connects McCabe to the "desperate project" of
849:"Dry, Richard | Dictionary of Irish Biography"
583:The British Journal for the History of Science
323:on an American passport, he made contact with
1048:Biographical Dictionary of Irishmen in France
140:McCabe was the youngest of the three sons of
93:(1776–1821) was an emissary and organiser in
8:
1282:. J. Madden & Company. pp. 334–337.
963:. J. Madden & Company. pp. 328–329.
946:. J. Madden & Company. pp. 321–322.
837:. J. Madden & Company. pp. 314–17.
1173:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
972:
970:
389:When Emmet's rising failed, and after the
144:, a watchmaker and cotton-mill pioneer in
20:
319:and William Dowdall. Then, travelling to
1050:. Dublin: M H Gill and Son. p. 200.
121:circle in London implicated in both the
1035:. J. Madden & Company. p. 329.
770:. J. Madden & Company. p. 312.
556:. Cork: Mercier Press. pp. 60–63.
518:
1166:
394:Ireland, but on the re-enslavement of
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255:society up to a Provincial Meeting".
109:, he established a cotton factory at
7:
743:. New York: M E Sharpe. p. 70.
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643:
641:
639:
637:
635:
740:Selected Documents in Irish History
876:, Geography Publications, Dublin.
402:and to Castlereagh's successor as
14:
486:and the attempted seizure of the
247:to release Richard Dry and other
223:British-Crown appointed executive
1219:. New York, London: McGraw Hill.
1194:. Blackstaff Press. p. 14.
577:Holmes, Andrew (December 2008).
304:'s small landing force in Mayo.
270:and (one of Cullen's ancestors)
77:
59:
1276:Madden, Richard Robert (1846).
1153:. iUniverse. pp. 189–190.
1123:"Arthur O'Connor - Irish Paris"
1029:Madden, Richard Robert (1846).
957:Madden, Richard Robert (1846).
940:Madden, Richard Robert (1846).
831:Madden, Richard Robert (1846).
764:Madden, Richard Robert (1846).
459:Last conspiratorial connections
275:that McCabe actually achieved.
266:believes that McCabe recruited
211:on the movement's paper, the
1:
905:(Winter 1998): 127–140, 133.
1147:Conner, Clifford D. (2009).
398:in overtures to Ulster-born
16:Irish emissary and organiser
1248:Geoghegan, Patrick (2002).
1217:The Pursuit of Robert Emmet
422:Among the exiles in Paris,
404:Chief Secretary for Ireland
156:, and subsequently for the
37:Belfast, Kingdom of Ireland
1360:
737:Altholz, Josef L. (2000).
490:in December 1816, and the
188:Society of United Irishmen
127:the Cato Street Conspiracy
99:Society of United Irishmen
83:Society of United Irishmen
595:10.1017/S0007087408001234
552:O'Regan, Raymond (2010).
494:to murder members of the
1339:Politicians from Belfast
1238:Landreth (1948), p. 121n
1215:Helen, Landreth (1948).
1188:O'Byrne, Cathal (1946).
781:Courtney, Roger (2013).
418:Double agent speculation
97:for the insurrectionary
49:Paris, Kingdom of France
1127:www.irishmeninparis.org
1098:"William Putnam McCabe"
1046:Hayes, Richard (1949).
893:Powell, Thomas (1998).
528:"William Putnam McCabe"
492:Cato Street Conspiracy
294:Lord Edward FitzGerald
268:John Kelly of Killanne
231:With Russell and with
1293:McCalum, Ian (1993).
1096:McCabe, John (2009).
1061:Kelly, James (2012).
1000:McCabe, John (2009).
691:Slavery and Abolition
650:McCabe, John (1999).
526:Webb, Alfred (1878).
91:William Putnam McCabe
25:William Putnam McCabe
1069:(43): 129–200, 149.
987:10.1093/past/75.1.46
428:Marquis de Condorcet
160:, that animated the
806:Jim, Smyth (1998).
391:Battle of Trafalgar
370:Emigre and emissary
298:Dumbarton Fencibles
283:Rebellion and exile
154:American Revolution
1334:Irish nationalists
1067:Analecta Hibernica
979:Past & Present
508:Vaugirard Cemetery
249:Catholic Defenders
181:Waddell Cunningham
162:Volunteer movement
67:Kingdom of Ireland
1201:978-0-85640-204-3
1160:978-1-4401-0516-6
1102:dib.cambridge.org
656:North Irish Roots
325:Pamela FitzGerald
262:-born historian,
251:to his custody).
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