259:, often under-appreciated, little read, but standing like a titan amongst the volumes of the English Reformed Churchman. One of the premier issues that divided and still divides informed Protestants from Roman Catholics is the question of the place of Scripture. Reformed Churchmmen like Whitaker, then like now, declared that the Scriptures alone are the rule of faith and practice whereas Roman Catholics assert co-equal veneration and co-authoritative roles between Scripture, traditions held by the Church and other unwritten issues. This debate is not new. William Whitaker forcefully and brilliantly championed the Protestant, Reformed and Anglican position in 1588. He deals with the number of canonical books, the authority of Scripture, the perspicuity (clarity) of Scripture, the proper interpretation of Scripture, and the perfection of Scripture against unwritten traditions.
44:
305:; but his professorship, mastership, and canonry appear to have left him still poor, and in a letter to Burghley, written about a fortnight before his death, he complains pathetically at being so frequently passed over amid "the great preferments of soe many." He may possibly have been suffering from dejection at this time, owing to the disagreement with Whitgift in which, in common with others of the Cambridge heads, he found himself involved in connection with the prosecution of
697:
281:
In the discharge of his ordinary duties as master his assiduity and strict impartiality in distributing the rewards at his disposal conciliated even those who demurred to his theological teaching, and Baker declares that the members of the college were "all at last united in their affection to their
215:
shortly after added the chancellorship of St. Paul's, London, and from this time his position as the champion of the teaching of the
Protestant and Reformed Church of England appears to have been definitely taken up. In 1582, on taking part in a disputation at commencement, he took for his thesis,
181:
on 4 October 1564. He was subsequently elected a scholar on the same foundation, proceeded B.A. in March 1568, and on 6 September 1569 was elected to a minor fellowship, and on 25 March 1571 to a major fellowship, at his college. In 1571 he commenced M.A. Throughout his earlier career at the
349:, who was educated at Trinity College, afterwards became known as the "Apostle of Virginia." Alexander baptised Pocahontas. Another son who set his eyes on America was Jabez. He was one of the first planters in Jamestowne and helped build a guest house to greet new families to Virginia.
301:, written in reply to Stapleton, prefixing to it a dedication to Whitgift (18 April 1594), the latter affording a noteworthy illustration of his personal relations with the primate, and also of the Roman controversialist learning of that time. In May 1595 he was installed canon of
194:
The marked ability with which he acquitted himself when presiding as "father of the philosophy act" at an academic commencement appears to have first brought him prominently into notice. He also became known as an indefatigable student of the scriptures, the commentators, and the
320:
In 1900 there were two portraits of
Whitaker in the master's lodge at St. John's College (one in the drawing-room, the other in the hall), both bearing the words, "Dr. Whitaker, Mr. 1587," and one at the Chetham Hospital and Library at Manchester. His portrait was engraved by
274:. His rule as an administrator justified in almost equal measure the appointment and its objectors. The college increased greatly in numbers and reputation, but the puritan party gained ground considerably in the society. Whitaker was a no less resolute opponent of
176:
in London. (Alexander Nowell, a Marian exile, a fugitive from the "burning times" of Anglo-Italian policies, 1553–1558, was also a
Protestant, Reformed and Anglican Churchman.) Whitaker thence proceeded to Cambridge, where he matriculated as a pensioner of
602:
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710:
336:
His hopes of preferment were disappointed, probably because he was twice married, and thus forfeited in some measure the favour of
Elizabeth. The maiden name of his first wife, who was sister-in-law to
182:
university he was assisted by his uncle, who granted him leases, "freely and without fine," towards defraying his expenses. Whitaker evinced his gratitude by dedicating to Nowell a translation of the
317:. On this occasion he appears to have pressed his Calvinistic views warmly, but without success, and he returned to Cambridge fatigued and disappointed. He fell ill and died on 4 December 1595.
835:
815:
536:; de Prædestinatione; and St. John's College, Cambridge, a treatise on ecclesiastical polity, which Baker thinks was probably from his pen, although it leans somewhat to
333:, 1642, and by John Payne. His epitaph, in Latin hexameters on a marble tablet, has been placed on the north wall of the interior of the transept of the college chapel.
840:
446:
Disputatio de Sacra
Scriptura contra hujus temporis papistas, inprimis Robertum Bellarminum ... et Thomam Stapletonum ... sex quæstionibus proposita et tractata
224:. His lectures, as professor, afterwards published from shorthand notes taken by John Allenson, a fellow of St. John's, were mainly directed towards refuting
20:
160:, Lancashire, in 1548, being the third son of Thomas Whitaker of that place, by Elizabeth his wife, daughter of John Nowell, esq., of Read, and sister of
855:
458:
Praelectiones in quibus tractatur controversia de ecclesia contra pontificios, inprimis
Robertum Bellarminum Iesuitam, in septem qusestiones distributa
750:
825:
452:
Adversus Tho. Stapletoni
Anglopapistæ ... defensionem ecclesiasticæ authoritatis ... duplicatio pro authoritate atque αύτοπιστίᾳ S. Scripturæ
428:
Nicolai
Sanderi quadraginta demonstrationes, Quod Papa non-est Antichristus ille insignis ... et earundem demonstrationum solida refutatio
416:
Thesis proposita ... in
Academia Cantabrigiensi die Comitiorum anno Domini 1582; cujus summa hæc,Pontifex Romanus est ille Antichristus
830:
400:
Ioannis Iuelli
Sarisbur ... adversus Thomam Hardingum volumen alterum ex Anglico sermone conversum in Latinum a Gulielmo Whitakero,
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included in the edition of his theological treatises reprinted by Samuel Crispin at Geneva in two volumes, folio, in 1610
173:
644:
787:
19:
This article is about the 16th century English theologian. For the 17th century English Puritan ejected minister, see
128:(1548 – 4 December 1595) was a prominent Protestant Calvinistic Anglican churchman, academic, and theologian. He was
474:
Controversia de Conciliis, contra pontificios, inprimis Robertum Bellarminum Iesuitam, in sex quaestiones distributa
270:. The appointment was, however, opposed by a majority of the fellows on the ground of his supposed leanings towards
286:
178:
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850:
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203:, at that time master of Trinity, for marks of special favour. On 3 February 1578 he was installed canon of
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Prælectiones in controversiam de Romano Pontifice ... adversus pontificios, inprimis Robertum Bellarminum
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671:
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No English divine of the sixteenth century surpassed Whitaker in the estimation of his contemporaries.
810:
805:
706:
639:
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168:." After receiving the rudiments of learning at his native parish school, he was sent by his uncle,
643:
396:, London, 1573, 1574, 1578, 1673 (the Greek version is by Whitaker, the Latin by Alexander Nowell).
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117:
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Cygnea cantio ... hoc est, ultima illius concio ad clerum, habita Cantabrigiæ anno 1595, ix Oct.
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so much admired his genius and attainments that he had his portrait suspended in his study.
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241:
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An aunswere to a certaine Booke, written by M. William Rainoldes ... entituled A Refutation
249:
Disputatio de Sacra Scriptura contra hujus temporis papistas, inprimis Robertum Bellarminum
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into Greek, and a like version of Nowell's own larger catechism from the Latin into Greek.
770:
361:
211:. In 1580 he was appointed by the crown to the regius professorship of divinity, to which
207:, and in the same year was admitted to the degree of B.D., and incorporated on 14 July at
137:
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Responsionis ... defensio contra confutationem Ioannis Duraei Scoti, presbyteri Iesuitse,
297:, he was an unsuccessful candidate for the post. In the following year he published his
369:
306:
225:
91:
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Fragmenta veterum haereseon ad constituendam Ecclesiæ Pontificiae ἀποστασίαν collecta
409:
353:
342:
326:
200:
196:
670:
518:
Articuli de prædestinatione ... Lambethæ propositi, et L. Andrews de iisdem Iudicium
313:, president of Queens' College, to confer with the primate on the drawing up of the
512:
Prælectiones de Sacramentis in Genere et in Specie de. SS. Baptismo et Eucharistia
537:
275:
714:
649:
302:
290:
140:
in the university in the latter half of the sixteenth century. His uncle was
524:
Other works by Whitaker are extant in manuscript; the Bodleian Library has
385:
Liber Precum Publicarum Ecclesiae Anglicanæ . . . Latine Græceque æditus,
218:
Pontifex Romanus est ille Antichristus, quern futurum Scriptura prædixit,
271:
157:
341:, was Culverwell; his second wife, who survived him, was the widow of
240:
of the New Testament, thereby becoming involved in a controversy with
208:
262:
On 28 February 1586 Whitaker, on the recommendation of Whitgift and
700: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
502:
Adversus universalis gratiæ assertores prælectio in 1 Tim. ii. 4
394:Κατηχισμός, ... τἢτε 'Ελλήνων καὶ τἢ 'Ρωμαίων διαλέκτῳ ὲκδοθεἷσα
285:
In 1587 he was created D.D.; and in 1593, on the mastership of
222:
The Roman Pope is that Antichrist which the Scriptures Foretold
723:. Vol. 61. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 21–23.
658:. Vol. 61. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 21–23.
282:
master," and that eventually "he had no enemies to overcome."
372:
alike speak of him in terms of almost unbounded admiration.
406:
Ad decem rationes Edmundi Campiani ... Christiana responsio
356:
justly styles him "the pride and ornament of Cambridge."
846:
Regius Professors of Divinity (University of Cambridge)
380:
The following is a list of Whitaker's published works:
480:
Tractatus de peccato originali ... contra Stapletonum
390:
Greek verses appended to Carr's 'Demosthenes,' 1571.
113:
105:
97:
87:
77:
65:
60:
50:
30:
266:, was appointed by the crown to the mastership of
199:, and was very early in his career singled out by
144:, the Dean of St. Paul's Cathedral and catechist.
236:. He also severely criticised the just-published
530:Prælectiones in priorem Epistolam ad Corinthios
492:Praelectiones aliquot contra Bellarminum habitæ
309:. In November 1595 he was deputed, along with
8:
506:Summa Triurn de Prædestinatione Sententiarum
255:, remains one of the premier volumes on the
836:People educated at St Paul's School, London
681:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
345:. He had eight children: one of the sons,
21:William Whitaker (Puritan ejected minister)
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751:Regius Professor of Divinity at Cambridge
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408:, London, 1581; a translation of this by
289:falling vacant by the preferment of Dr.
816:Masters of St John's College, Cambridge
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778:Master of St John's College, Cambridge
645:"Whitaker, William (1548-1595)"
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7:
841:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
278:than of Roman doctrine and ritual.
14:
856:16th-century Anglican theologians
720:Dictionary of National Biography
695:
678:Dictionary of National Biography
655:Dictionary of National Biography
442:, London, 1585; Cambridge, 1590.
603:"Whitaker, William (WHTR564W)"
412:was printed in London in 1606.
253:Disputations on Holy Scripture
16:English theologian (1548–1595)
1:
711:Whitaker, William (1548-1595)
460:, Cambridge, 1599. Edited by
134:St. John's College, Cambridge
109:Thomas and Elizabeth Whitaker
826:16th-century English writers
496:De Proprietatibus Iesuitarum
607:A Cambridge Alumni Database
295:bishopric of Bath and Wells
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609:. University of Cambridge.
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831:16th-century male writers
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148:Early life and education
534:Theses: de fide Davidis
532:by him; Caius College,
672:"Allenson, John"
526:Commentarii in Cantica
707:Mullinger, James Bass
640:Mullinger, James Bass
257:doctrine of Scripture
184:Book of Common Prayer
821:People from Cliviger
508:, Harderwyk, 1613).
498:, Oppenheim, 1611).
660:. See Attribution.
514:, Frankfort, 1624.
482:, Cambridge, 1600.
476:, Cambridge, 1600.
454:, Cambridge, 1594.
448:, Cambridge, 1588.
347:Alexander Whitaker
339:Laurence Chaderton
268:St. John's College
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101:Calvinist Anglican
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785:Succeeded by
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170:Alexander Nowell
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61:Personal details
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276:Lutheranism
88:Nationality
800:Categories
782:1587–1595
755:1580–1595
589:References
358:Bellarmine
331:Holy State
303:Canterbury
291:John Still
272:puritanism
247:His work,
709:(1900). "
213:Elizabeth
197:schoolmen
83:Cambridge
642:(1900).
264:Burghley
114:Children
717:(ed.).
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652:(ed.).
293:to the
158:Burnley
156:, near
106:Parents
92:English
713:". In
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368:, and
209:Oxford
138:divine
130:Master
51:Church
648:. In
544:Notes
376:Works
251:, or
172:, to
154:Holme
232:and
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78:Died
69:1548
66:Born
36:D.D.
329:'s
325:in
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