424:. When North Korean rifle fire came in on the dispersed regiment, its troops almost immediately began retreating from the front, ignoring officers' commands to stay in position. Historians blame the retreat as much on officers' ineptitude as on the panicking of individual soldiers. The tendency to panic continued in nearly all the 24th Infantry operations west of Sangju. Men left their positions and straggled to the rear, abandoning weapons. On many occasions, units lost most of their equipment while on the move, even when not under fire, causing logistical shortages. In other cases, the majority of a unit deserted its position at the first sign of North Korean fire. The situation became so dire that the regiment's
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Pfc. Thompson distinguished himself by conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty in action against the enemy. While his platoon was reorganizing under cover of darkness, fanatical enemy forces in overwhelming strength launched a surprise attack on the unit. Pfc. Thompson
670:
in June 1951. Charlton was also a member of the 24th
Infantry who was recognized posthumously. Other African Americans who fought in Korea are known to have been nominated for the medal but did not receive it. Thompson and Charlton were the first two African Americans to be awarded the Medal of Honor
511:
for the action but Blair changed his mind and began pushing the paperwork through for the Medal of Honor, personally locating the witnesses who could attest to
Thompson's valor. Blair hoped Thompson's recognition would improve other commanders' views on the 24th Infantry Regiment. Eventually, though,
475:. Thompson soon became the focus of the North Korean fire. During this period, Thompson was wounded several times by small arms fire and grenade fragments but ignored his injuries and did not inform the rest of his unit. After the platoon was ordered to withdraw, Wilson ordered it to higher ground.
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set up a checkpoint west of the town and stopped every vehicle coming from the west, removing stragglers attempting to retreat. Many jeeps were filled with six or seven men claiming they were retreating after their position was overrun. The 24th quickly gained a poor reputation as a "bug out" unit,
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fire, he resisted all efforts of his comrades to induce him to withdraw, steadfastly remained at his machine gun and continued to deliver deadly, accurate fire until mortally wounded by an enemy grenade. Pfc. Thompson's dauntless courage and gallant self-sacrifice reflect the highest credit on
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troops attacked his company and caused many men to panic and scatter, Thompson stood his ground, refusing orders to evacuate despite being wounded, and covered the retreat of his platoon until he was killed by a grenade. For his actions, Thompson was awarded the Medal of Honor, one of only two
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who unsuccessfully attempted to physically remove
Thompson from the gun. Thompson told them, "Get out of here, I'll cover you!" Wilson reluctantly ordered the remaining men to pull back. As the platoon retreated, they heard Thompson's continued fire until several grenades followed by a larger
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Crawling to
Thompson's position, Wilson discovered his injuries. Wilson ordered Thompson to withdraw twice, but the latter refused to obey and continued to fire on the advancing North Koreans. Thompson told Wilson he was dying and was not going to move back. Wilson then called forward two
675:, though several World War II veterans were later nominated. The two nominations had seen delays because unit commanders refused to submit their nominations. In all, 131 men were awarded the medal during and in the immediate aftermath of the war.
461:. As Thompson's platoon approached the town, it was ambushed by a large force of North Korean troops. Automatic weapons fire caused several men in the company to panic and flee. Those remaining were ordered into a tight perimeter by
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could enjoy some degree of comfort. Described as "thin, hollow-eyed and quiet," he was an effective soldier, consistently maintaining his uniform and equipment and keeping his firearms extremely clean. Thompson was also a skilled
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Thompson's actions were initially overlooked by division commanders, who instead focused on the poor performance of the 24th
Infantry Regiment, whose soldiers panicked and fled from combat. Thompson's
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neighborhood. He dropped out of school at a young age, and spent his teen years wandering the streets. A local minister noticed
Thompson sleeping in a park one evening and took him to a
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from the military, but found adjustment to civilian life difficult and opted to return to the military. In
January 1948, Thompson reenlisted and was assigned to the
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set up his machine gun in the path of the onslaught and swept the enemy with withering fire, pinning them down momentarily thus permitting the remainder of his
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After a North Korean grenade knocked out the only other remaining heavy weapons specialist, Thompson manned the last heavy weapon in the platoon: his
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Melvin Blair, initially refused to submit a recommendation, until
January 4, 1951, five months after the action. Thompson initially received a
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and rarely had behavioral problems. He was content in the lower ranks of the military, preferring to follow orders instead of giving them.
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and killed a large number of North
Koreans before dying. His covering fire had prevented higher casualties in his unit as it withdrew.
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Battles of the Korean War: A Chronology, with Unit-by-Unit United States
Casualty Figures & Medal of Honor Citations
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and was blasted for its poor performance during combat. Historians contend its accomplishments, particularly at the
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Thompson was the first of two African Americans to be awarded the Medal of Honor in Korea, the other being
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413:, part of M Company of 3rd Battalion, 24th Infantry, the heavy weapons support company for the battalion.
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317:, the New York Home for Homeless Boys. Thompson remained a resident there until he turned 18 in 1945.
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to an unmarried mother. Little is known of Thompson's early life, but he grew up in an impoverished
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soldier and a posthumous recipient of the United States military's highest decoration, the
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356:. When the 6th Infantry Division returned to the United States, he was reassigned to the
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In 2000 this award was made retroactive to all US military who served in the Korean War.
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was beginning, the 25th Infantry Division was engaged in a counteroffensive during the
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A few days later, when M Company retook the area, they discovered Thompson had made a
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African American Firsts: Famous Little-Known and Unsung Triumphs of Blacks in America
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449:. That night, M Company was supporting the division's advance near the city of
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in August 1950, Thompson was part of a unit conducting an offensive along the
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South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War
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explosion erupted near his position, at which point his gun fell silent.
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1285:
Bowers, William T.; Hammond, William M.; MacGarrigle, George L. (2005),
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the 24th was disbanded and its personnel integrated into other units.
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to withdraw to a more tenable position. Although hit repeatedly by
1261:
The Right To Fight: A History Of African Americans In The Military
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72:
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African American chronology: chronologies of the American mosaic
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himself and uphold the esteemed traditions of military service.
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Black Soldier, White Army: The 24th Infantry Regiment in Korea
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Some sources alternatively state Thompson decided to join the
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Born to a single mother in an impoverished neighborhood in
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Thompson enlisted in the army in October 1945 and, after
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The War for Korea, 1950–1951: They Came from the North
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The 24th Infantry first came into heavy contact with
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American military personnel killed in the Korean War
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as an opportunity to escape poverty, or that he was
262:. At the outbreak of the Korean War, Thompson was a
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African Americans at War: An Encyclopedia, Volume 1
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732:List of African American Medal of Honor recipients
305:William Thompson was born on August 16, 1927, in
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1644:United States Army personnel of the Korean War
235:(August 16, 1927 – August 6, 1950) was a
1181:United States Army Center of Military History
21:For other people named William Thompson, see
8:
1614:United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
1540:Black Warriors: Unique Units and Individuals
727:List of Korean War Medal of Honor recipients
654:Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation
1634:Korean War recipients of the Medal of Honor
538:Thompson's awards and decorations include:
16:United States Army Medal of Honor recipient
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1624:Burials at Long Island National Cemetery
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880:Bowers, Hammond & MacGarrigle 2005
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644:United Nations Service Medal for Korea
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522:presented Thompson's mother with the
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1572:American Battle Monuments Commission
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778:American Battle Monuments Commission
1293:: University Press of the Pacific,
1179:from websites or documents of the
375:was 4812, that of a heavy weapons
352:, which was on occupation duty in
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23:William Thompson (disambiguation)
1604:Military personnel from Brooklyn
1175: This article incorporates
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453:, in a mountain valley south of
373:Military Occupational Specialty
364:which was assigned to the post-
632:National Defense Service Medal
1:
1510:Sutherland, Jonathan (2003),
420:troops on July 22 during the
297:to be so honored in the war.
88:Long Island National Cemetery
1538:Williams, Albert E. (2003),
1395:Kinshasa, Kwando M. (2006),
1195:Korea: The First War We Lost
340:, was assigned to a post in
1609:United States Army soldiers
268:U.S. 24th Infantry Regiment
1660:
1454:Murphy, Edward F. (1997),
1438:University Press of Kansas
1409:Greenwood Publishing Group
1336:Ecker, Richard E. (2004),
473:M1917 Browning machine gun
441:On August 6, 1950, as the
344:. After 18 months, he was
20:
1518:Santa Barbara, California
1342:Jefferson, North Carolina
1219:Appleman, Roy E. (1998),
481:non-commissioned officers
459:Battle of Battle Mountain
457:in what would become the
443:Battle of Pusan Perimeter
243:, for his actions in the
180:Battle of Pusan Perimeter
37:
649:Korean War Service Medal
613:Combat Infantryman Badge
528:posthumously recognizing
386:The 24th Infantry was a
70:August 6, 1950 (aged 22)
1546:: Infinity Publishing,
1544:Haverford, Pennsylvania
1490:New York City, New York
1346:McFarland & Company
662:Medal of Honor citation
405:At the outbreak of the
1639:Deaths by hand grenade
1629:24th Infantry Regiment
1578:on September 19, 2022.
1259:Astor, Gerald (2001),
1231:Department of the Army
1177:public domain material
702:
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534:Awards and decorations
495:Subsequent recognition
362:25th Infantry Division
358:24th Infantry Regiment
233:William Henry Thompson
156:25th Infantry Division
152:24th Infantry Regiment
32:William Henry Thompson
1480:Potter, Joan (2009),
1405:Westport, Connecticut
681:
668:Cornelius H. Charlton
437:Medal of Honor action
350:6th Infantry Division
338:basic combat training
120:Years of service
92:Farmingdale, New York
1379:Simon & Schuster
1316:Naperville, Illinois
673:Spanish–American War
639:Korean Service Medal
530:Thompson's actions.
346:honorably discharged
123:1945–1947, 1948–1950
1247:on February 7, 2014
517:General of the Army
501:battalion commander
465:Herbert H. Wilson.
411:private first class
369:occupation of Japan
132:Private first class
1568:"William Thompson"
1460:Novato, California
1375:New York, New York
1199:New York, New York
792:, p. 631-632.
683:
627:Purple Heart Medal
515:On June 21, 1951,
505:Lieutenant Colonel
451:Haman, South Korea
322:United States Army
307:Brooklyn, New York
237:United States Army
114:United States Army
1553:978-0-7414-1525-7
1531:978-1-57607-746-7
1503:978-0-7582-4166-5
1473:978-0-89141-636-4
1456:Korean War Heroes
1447:978-0-7006-1709-8
1426:Millett, Allan R.
1418:978-0-313-33797-0
1388:978-0-671-66834-1
1355:978-0-7864-1980-7
1329:978-1-4022-0213-1
1312:We Shall Overcome
1300:978-1-4102-2467-5
1278:978-0-306-81031-2
1240:978-0-16-001918-0
1212:978-0-7818-1019-7
659:
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509:Silver Star Medal
463:Second Lieutenant
418:North Korean army
409:, Thompson was a
381:automatic weapons
295:African Americans
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1574:. Archived from
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395:African American
315:homeless shelter
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175:Battle of Sangju
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44:William Thompson
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447:Battle of Masan
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391:segregated unit
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332:Military career
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286:Pusan Perimeter
282:Battle of Masan
275:segregated unit
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190:Battle of Haman
185:Battle of Masan
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960:Alexander 2003
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997:
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989:
985:
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977:
973:
968:
965:
961:
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949:
948:Hastings 1988
944:
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936:
932:
927:
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920:
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907:Appleman 1998
903:
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876:
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869:
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854:
849:
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379:who operated
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1576:the original
1560:
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1286:
1260:
1249:, retrieved
1245:the original
1221:
1194:
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1088:
1076:
1049:
1037:
991:
984:Millett 2010
979:
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926:
914:
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887:
875:
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751:
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665:
537:
520:Omar Bradley
514:
498:
486:
477:
467:
440:
415:
404:
387:
385:
366:World War II
342:Adak, Alaska
335:
319:
304:
290:North Korean
279:
271:
249:
232:
231:
222:Purple Heart
195:
166:World War II
162:Battles/wars
18:
1599:1950 deaths
1594:1927 births
1320:Sourcebooks
1030:Murphy 1997
868:Murphy 1997
838:Potter 2009
819:Murphy 1997
470:.30 caliber
377:infantryman
354:South Korea
280:During the
77:South Korea
1588:Categories
1308:Boyd, Herb
1093:Astor 2001
1081:Astor 2001
853:Ecker 2004
738:References
697:small-arms
671:since the
489:last stand
407:Korean War
245:Korean War
170:Korean War
100:Allegiance
1054:Boyd 2004
1042:Boyd 2004
763:Citations
455:Sobuk-san
301:Biography
1522:ABC-CLIO
1428:(2010),
1365:(1988),
1310:(2004),
1251:July 14,
1193:(2003),
705:See also
400:marksman
388:de facto
272:de facto
143:42259324
108:Service/
60:New York
1165:Sources
693:grenade
689:platoon
326:drafted
288:. When
266:of the
196:†
1550:
1528:
1500:
1470:
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1415:
1385:
1352:
1326:
1297:
1275:
1237:
1209:
371:. His
256:Alaska
210:Awards
192:
110:branch
94:, U.S.
62:, U.S.
743:Notes
260:Japan
73:Masan
1548:ISBN
1526:ISBN
1498:ISBN
1468:ISBN
1442:ISBN
1413:ISBN
1383:ISBN
1350:ISBN
1324:ISBN
1295:ISBN
1273:ISBN
1253:2012
1235:ISBN
1207:ISBN
270:, a
258:and
148:Unit
128:Rank
67:Died
50:Born
1590::
1570:.
1542:,
1524:,
1520::
1516:,
1496:,
1492::
1488:,
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1407::
1403:,
1381:,
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1314:,
1289:,
1271:,
1267::
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1233:,
1229::
1225:,
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1201::
1197:,
1148:^
1061:^
1018:^
1003:^
938:^
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860:^
845:^
826:^
797:^
770:^
526:,
503:,
383:.
360:,
328:.
277:.
247:.
154:,
90:,
75:,
58:,
1183:.
780:.
25:.
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