33:
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conclusive and that he may have survived longer even though he does not appear on record after 27 February 1369–70. It has been speculated that the Earl of
Sutherland was killed in 1370 in revenge for the murder of the Mackay chiefs by his brother in the same year. It is confirmed that William, Earl of Sutherland was definitely dead before 1389 when his son, Robert, Earl of Sutherland, succeeded him.
484:
446:. In December 1364, the earl had a safe conduct into Scotland which lasted by extension until September 1367, with him and his countess returning to England in March 1367. This was the last safe conduct granted and he was liberated shortly afterwards. During one of his visits to Scotland, the earl granted a charter to John of Tarale or Terrell for the six
757:
880:
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between the Earl of
Sutherland and Mackay to settle the dispute. Present at the meeting was the Earl of Sutherland along with his brother Nicholas Sutherland, 1st of Duffus and Iye Mackay along with his son Donald. Mackay was about to succeed in his claim and the Sutherlands became so irritated that
467:
and the
Sutherland family there was a feud that caused much blood-shed on either side. According to Sir Robert Gordon, 1st Baronet, who was a younger son of Alexander Gordon, 12th Earl of Sutherland, "the Earl of Sutherland had great controversy with the house and family of Mackay, chief of the Clan
450:
of land in
Strathfleet which was confirmed by King David of Scotland in 1363. In 1365, the king granted to the Earl of Sutherland and his male heirs half the thanage of Formartine in Aberdeenshire, which had already been granted to him for life. Between 1360 and 1365, the earl received various sums
539:
Angus Mackay gives some background information as to what may have caused the feud between the
Mackays and Sutherlands: In 1345, David II of Scotland granted a charter to the Earl of Sutherland and his wife Margaret Bruce who was the sister of David II which gave Sutherland almost kingly powers in
468:
Vic-Morgan of
Stathnaver, which did continue a long time between the inhabitants of Sutherland and Strahnaver, although with some intermission". According to historian Angus Mackay, this account corroborates with a complaint made by William, 5th Earl of Sutherland in 1342 when he applied to the
577:
According to Sir Robert Gordon, William, Earl of
Sutherland died in 1370, and Sir William Fraser says that this appears to be corroborated by the fact that in 1371, Urquhart Castle that had belonged to him was then in the hands of the Crown. However, Fraser also states that the evidence is not
348:. The latter charter included that upon the death of the grantees all the lands were to revert to the Crown, but saving the right for Matilda Bruce, the king's elder sister, the other half of the thanages of Formartine and Kintore, should she survive her sister Margaret.
548:. Around this time the king's physician was Farquhar Mackay, son of Iye Mackay, 4th of Strathnaver, member of the family that was the Sutherland's "ancient enemy". Farquhar Mackay had also received a charter from the Earl of Buchan, confined by the king for the lands of
383:
but renewed in 1357 and the Earl of
Sutherland was deputed by the Scottish parliament to complete the negotiations. In October 1357, the Earl of Sutherland and his son John of Sutherland, were exchanged for King David to return to Scotland while they travelled to
359:. The charter included a licence for the earl to build a fortalice upon it. However, according to William Fraser it is not known if the Earl of Sutherland built a fort on the site and that the building that is there is usually attributed to Sir William Keith,
371:. An English historian puts him among those killed, but William Fraser states that this is erroneous and that he was actually among those taken prisoner. In June 1351, the Earl of Sutherland is mentioned in a safe conduct for him to attend a conference at
379:, himself a nephew of the king, was used as a hostage in England for King David to be returned to England. In 1354, John of Sutherland again appears as a hostage for King David. In 1356, the treaty between England and Scotland was
285:
back from the
English. However, according to Sir William Fraser, Gordon misplaces this to the year 1340 immediately after the foray into England when Roxburgh Castle was actually re-captured two years later in 1342.
568:
when in favourable circumstances. Thus just when Mackay was in sight of receiving a favourable judgement, he and his son were killed by
Nicolas Sutherland in the dead of night at Dingwall Castle in 1370.
516:
Nicholas Sutherland rose in the night and murdered both Iye Mackay and his son Donald. Sir Robert Gordon's version of events agrees with this account, but he adds that the meeting actually took place at
480:, then it would make sense for them to be referred to as an ancient enemy of the Sutherlands, as the MacHeths gave trouble to the Scottish kings and their henchmen in the north the Earls of Sutherland.
556:. It suited royal policy to put pressure upon the Earl of Sutherland by favouring their "ancient enemy", Mackay of Strathnaver. Although the regality of the Earl of Sutherland did not include
411:
In 1358, the Earl of Sutherland resigned all of his lands in Kincardine into the hands of the king who in turn bestowed upon the earl and his son John, the barony of Urquhart and
540:
Sutherland. The Earl had only one son with Margaret Bruce, John of Sutherland, who was to succeed the childless David II of Scotland as king. However, John of Sutherland died of
476:) against "an ancient enemy" who caused "wars, disputes and many offences, in these parts". According to historian William Fraser, if as contended the Mackays are descendants of
281:
returned to his own kingdom in 1341 and appears to have highly favoured the Earl of Sutherland. According to Sir Robert Gordon, William, Earl of Sutherland succeeded in taking
902:
The Scots Peerage; Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; Containing an Historical and Genealogical Account of The Nobility of That Kingdom
392:. The earl remained in England for ten years and he is recorded in safe conducts at intervals for himself or his servants to pass back and forth from England to Scotland.
1182:
363:
and that the Earl of Sutherland probably departed with Dunnottar Castle in 1358. Also in 1346, the Earl of Sutherland joined the Scottish army that mustered at
511:(which was written by Alexander Mackay of Blackcastle who had access to the Mackay chief's family charters and papers), a meeting was arranged in 1370 at
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171:
114:
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for the ransom of David II of Scotland. In September of the same year, he was one of a party who escorted King David back into Scotland, while his son,
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126:
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for the marriage issued at the end of 1342. David II of Scotland subsequently conferred upon his brother-in-law the Earl of Sutherland various
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1197:
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605:, who was to succeed to the throne of Scotland by royal descent through his mother Margaret Bruce, but died of plague in London and so
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would also have been one of the arbiters of a case tried in his own castle and that it is not unlikely that the
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for the marriage issued at the end of 1342. With Margaret Bruce, William, Earl of Sutherland only had one son:
262:
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was a larger parish that included the lands that make up the modern parishes of both Tongue and Eddrachilles.
564:, and vexing the claim of Sutherland's powers of regality over him, tried to have the matter submitted to
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980:"A Short History of the Clan Sutherland, The Families of Sutherland, Forse and Duffus, 12th-19th Century"
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419:. However, the king later re-conferred to the earl the baronies of Downie, Kincardine and Aberluthnot.
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In 1346, the Earl of Sutherland and his countess received a grant for the important stronghold of
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560:, Iye Mackay of Strathnaver also held lands in Sutherland, close to the borders of
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In September 1360, the Earl of Sutherland granted a charter to his brother,
257:. In 1340, the Earl of Sutherland joined the Earl of March in a foray into
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William, Earl of Sutherland married his second wife, Joanna daughter of
221:
this statement has no supporting evidence other than that of an English
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553:
549:
438:. In 1362, the earl along with his second countess, Joanna daughter of
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William, Earl of Sutherland married Margaret Bruce, a daughter of King
258:
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and Company Edinburgh; and White, Cochrance and Co. London. pp.
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385:
278:
442:, were given special permission to visit the shrine of St Thomas at
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on 30 November 1335. However, according to 19th-century historian
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
430:. In 1362, the earl granted the chapel of St John the Baptist at
225:
who recorded that the Earl of Sutherland along with the Earls of
472:
for a dispensation of marriage with Margaret Bruce (daughter of
469:
455:
in addition to £80 from King David for his expenses in England.
238:
544:
in London and David was succeeded in the throne by his nephew,
536:
who was justiciar for the north would also have been present.
624:(the surname Sutherland now being fully used by the Earls).
245:
in the English interest. This siege failed however because
158:. William, 5th Earl of Sutherland was a loyal supporter of
922:
Quoting: Mackay, Angus (1906). "The Book of Mackay". p. 52
1065:
Greenway, D.E; Pryde, E.B; Roy, S. Porter, eds. (1996).
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and invaded England, subsequently being defeated at the
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He married Margaret Bruce in 1345, a daughter of King
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1116:is situated within the boundaries of the parish of
834:
A Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland
673:
A Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland
110:
74:
66:
50:
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23:
676:. Edinburgh: Printed by George Ramsay and Co. for
296:that was granted to the Earl of Sutherland in 1346
316:of lands in rapid succession. These included the
943:Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia
426:, from this Nicholas Sutherland descended the
407:was granted to the Earl of Sutherland in 1358
8:
528:. Historian Angus Mackay concludes that the
487:Map showing the Mackay chief's territory of
590:(Robert I of Scotland) and his second wife
304:(Robert I of Scotland) and his second wife
1129:
617:in 1346. They had the following children:
172:Kenneth de Moravia, 4th Earl of Sutherland
115:Kenneth de Moravia, 4th Earl of Sutherland
37:de Moravia Earl of Sutherland Coat of Arms
31:
25:William de Moravia, 5th Earl of Sutherland
20:
1055:. duffus.com Retrieved on March 10, 2013.
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622:Robert Sutherland, 6th Earl of Sutherland
265:who himself recorded the incident in his
201:, William, 5th Earl of Sutherland joined
127:Robert Sutherland, 6th Earl of Sutherland
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858:Mackay, Angus (1906). p. 45. Quoting:
845:Mackay, Angus (1906). p. 44. Quoting:
828:Mackay, Angus (1906). p. 44. Quoting:
1183:Nobility from Highland (council area)
1120:. However, before 1724 the parish of
627:Kenneth Sutherland, 1st Laird of the
7:
459:Feud with the Mackays of Strathnaver
197:According to 17th-century historian
955:Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs
882:New Statistical Account of Scotland
324:in September 1345, the thanages of
178:. He succeeded his father in 1333.
424:Nicholas Sutherland, 1st of Duffus
14:
1017:, Edinburgh: N. Macleod. p.
478:Malcolm MacHeth, 1st Earl of Ross
755:
388:and remained in the care of the
520:. Gordon also adds that one of
249:, the Scottish but pro-English
1068:Handbook of British Chronology
1053:Earl of Sutherland Family Tree
465:Iye Mackay, 4th of Strathnaver
336:, and half of the thanages of
199:Sir Robert Gordon, 1st Baronet
1:
877:Sinclair, Sir John of Ulbster
251:Constable of Edinburgh Castle
193:Wars of Scottish Independence
187:Wars of Scottish Independence
162:in the wars against England.
491:in relation to the lands of
1198:14th-century Scottish earls
939:Squire, Romilly of Rubislaw
885:. Vol. 15. p. 82.
860:Fraser, Sir William. K.C.B.
428:Sutherland Lairds of Duffus
277:having spent nine years in
1214:
1073:Cambridge University Press
847:Theiner’s Monumenta Vetera
261:but they were repulsed by
213:and also took part in the
190:
174:and Mary (or Marjorie) of
142:) (died 1370) was the 5th
1156:
1147:
1139:
1132:
978:Sutherland, Daniel J. J.
369:Battle of Neville's Cross
105:Battle of Neville's Cross
30:
1038:: CS1 maint: location (
209:in raising the siege of
809:: N. Macleod. pp.
241:which was then held by
1007:Mackay, Angus (1906).
799:Mackay, Angus (1906).
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408:
297:
607:Robert II of Scotland
546:Robert II of Scotland
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453:Exchequer of Scotland
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390:Chancellor of England
361:Marischal of Scotland
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119:Margaret Bruce (wife)
935:Way, George of Plean
634:John Beg Sutherland.
474:Robert I of Scotland
444:Canterbury Cathedral
275:David II of Scotland
160:David II of Scotland
1188:Earls of Sutherland
1134:Peerage of Scotland
897:Paul, James Balfour
864:The Sutherland Book
734:The Sutherland Book
729:Fraser, Sir William
678:Archibald Constable
629:Sutherland of Forse
373:Newcastle upon Tyne
1150:Earl of Sutherland
1143:Kenneth de Moravia
1010:The Book of Mackay
830:Gordon, Sir Robert
802:The Book of Mackay
603:John of Sutherland
596:papal dispensation
592:Elizabeth de Burgh
505:
497:Earl of Sutherland
451:of money from the
409:
396:Lands and charters
377:John of Sutherland
310:papal dispensation
306:Elizabeth de Burgh
298:
233:had laid siege to
215:Battle of Culblean
182:Earl of Sutherland
170:He was the son of
156:Scottish Highlands
144:Earl of Sutherland
140:William Sutherland
136:William de Moravia
122:John of Sutherland
85:Battle of Culblean
1193:De Moravia family
1166:
1165:
1160:Robert Sutherland
1157:Succeeded by
615:Sir John Menteith
552:in the parish of
526:Lord of the Isles
507:According to the
499:and the lands of
440:Sir John Menteith
255:English Exchequer
247:Sir John Stirling
146:and chief of the
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132:
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1140:Preceded by
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434:to the monks of
353:Dunnottar Castle
302:Robert the Bruce
294:Dunnottar Castle
211:Kildrummy Castle
80:Kildrummy Castle
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737:. Vol. 1.
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417:Inverness-shire
413:Urquhart Castle
405:Urquhart Castle
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283:Roxburgh Castle
263:Sir Thomas Grey
243:William Bullock
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148:Clan Sutherland
138:(also known as
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509:Blackcastle MS
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914:. Retrieved
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747:. Retrieved
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686:. Retrieved
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530:Earl of Ross
508:
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503:to the south
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268:Scalacronica
266:
235:Cupar Castle
203:Andrew Moray
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90:Cupar Castle
75:Battles/wars
18:
1178:1370 deaths
879:(1834–45).
566:arbitration
558:Strathnaver
489:Strathnaver
334:Aberluthnot
330:Fettercairn
322:Forfarshire
99:Capture of
93:Foray into
1172:Categories
1088:23 January
1024:17 January
989:27 January
984:duffus.com
916:28 January
909:. p.
749:23 January
688:17 January
639:References
562:Ross-shire
493:Sutherland
357:The Mearns
338:Formartine
326:Kincardine
223:chronicler
191:See also:
166:Early life
67:Allegiance
57:Sutherland
1034:cite book
953:(for the
849:. p. 278.
807:Edinburgh
739:Edinburgh
670:(1813) .
432:Helmsdale
111:Relations
88:Siege to
78:Siege of
941:(1994).
899:(1911).
731:(1892).
524:was the
522:arbiters
513:Dingwall
463:Between
314:charters
205:and the
117:(father)
70:Scotland
61:Scotland
1122:Durness
1114:Melness
947:Glasgow
631:family.
554:Durness
550:Melness
448:davochs
342:Kintore
328:, with
318:thanage
259:England
154:of the
95:England
46:Unknown
1118:Tongue
1079:
961:
582:Family
542:plague
386:London
381:broken
279:France
97:(1340)
82:(1335)
1101:Notes
1013:. 25
573:Death
365:Perth
231:March
129:(son)
124:(son)
1090:2021
1077:ISBN
1040:link
1026:2021
991:2021
959:ISBN
918:2021
813:–49.
751:2021
690:2021
501:Ross
470:Pope
340:and
332:and
239:Fife
227:Fife
150:, a
54:1370
51:Died
43:Born
911:327
745:-37
684:-54
415:in
355:in
344:in
271:.
237:in
176:Mar
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1032:{{
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